DOKTRIN DOKTRIN

BAHASA INGGRIS

By :
Andi Sulaiman
English Care and RCBI

1. Doktrin tentang Pola Perubahan Verb

Reguler Verb

Regular

Verb
Tobe
Do
Have
Walk

V1
be
Do
have
Walk

Present
V s/es
Is/am/are
Does
has
Walks

Past
V2
Was/were
Did
had
Walked

Perfect
V3
been
Done
had
Walked

Continuous
Ving
Being
Doing
having
Walking

2. Yang disebut To Be yakni : Is, Am, Are, Was, Were

To Be = Be (V1), Is,am,are (V s/es), Was,were (V2), Been (V3) dan Beings
3. Doktrin tentang predikat menggunakan akhiran s,es, atau ies, yakni sbb :
a. Singular Subject : She, He, It = V e/es, Is (present), Was (past)
b. Plural Subject : They, We, You = V1/are, Were (past)
c. I == V1 / am / was
4. Jika tidak ada penanda waktu, maka suatu kalimat tetap dianggap sebagai kalimat present
5. Contoh contoh penanda waktu sbb :
a. V1/Vs/Ves = Present = usually, always, seldom, rarely, hardly Habits/kebiasaan
b. To Be (Is, am, are) + V ing Present Now, right now sedang/proses.
c. V2 ==> Past Time, ago, yesterday, s1920 Lampau
d. To Be (was/were) jika ditambah Ving = Past Continue / sedang dimasa lampau
Contoh : at this time yesterday, at the same time yesterday = sedang terjadi di masa lampau

6. Setelah Modal Auxilliary harus berupa Verb 1, contoh Modal : will, should, shall, can, could may,
might, have to, outht tom must = V1
7. Have, were = Plural, sedangkan Has, was = digunakan untuk Singular
8. Perbedaan Kalimat Nomina dan Kalimat Verba yakni :
- Kalimat Verba => S+Predikat (KK), Predikatnya hrus berupa Kata Kerja, dan Verb tsb bukan
To Be
- Kalimat Nomina => S+ Predikat (KKet,KB, K,Sifat), Predikatnya dapat berupa Verb, Tobe
(is,am,ader) + Komplement(N, Adj, Phrase)

9. To Be jika ditambah Like artinya = Mirip, Ex: She is Like Eating Chocholate
10. Tentang Was :
a. Was dalam kalimat positif lampau hanya bisa di gunakan pada kalimat Nomina dan bukan
untuk kalimat Verba, contoh : Ita Was a student ===Kalimat Nomina
b. Tidak bisa misalkan : Ita Was Go To school ===Incorrect
c. Dalam past tense kalimat positif yang merupakan kalimat Verba tidak menggunakan Was,
tapi menggunakan Verb bentuk past time Ex : I Went to school.
11. To Be + Ving Continuous, .To Be + V3 Passive Voice
12. Have / has / had + V3 Perfect
13. V1/Ves (singel) simple Present, V2 = simple past

14. Rumus Kalimat Verba :

- Sudah
- Kebiasaan /rutinitas
- Sedang terjadi
- Akan terjadi

have/has/had + V3
V1 + s/es
To Be + Ving,
Will + V1

15. Rumus Kalimat Nomina :

- Sudah
Have, has, had + been + Adj, Noun, Adv
- Kebiasaan / rutinitas
To Be (is,am,are) + Adj, Noun, Adv
- Akan terjadi
Will + Be + Adj,Adv,Noun
- Jika tidak ada penanda waktu, maka : To Be + Adj,Adv,N

16. Doktrin Penting :

To Be

To Be
VERB To Be
V1
V s/es
V2
Have/Has /Had
Modal

BUKAN VERB

Adj
N
Adv of
Place
V ing
V3

Nominal
Sentence

Verba
Sentence
+ V3
+ V1
V Ing tanpa Tobe
V3 Tanpa Tobe
To + V1

17. Dalam kalimat negative, To Be hanya bisa ketemu V3 atau Ving, tidak bisa ketemu V2
Contoh : She Was Studied by a Professor
18. Tentang Peringkasan dalam Adjective Clause, dalam soal TOEFL :
a. Jika dalam satu kaliamt ada 2 verb tanpa ada Conjuction, maka kalimat tersebut salah
b. Jika dalam kalima ada satu Verb dan Satunya lagi Verb Ing, maka pastikan bahwa Verb
Ing tsb adalah Peringkasan dari Adjective Clause, posisinya bisa di depan atau di belakang
c. Jika dalam kalimat ada 2 Verb namun ada satu Conjunction maka maka kaidahnya sbb :
1. 2 Verb = 2 Conjunction
2. 3 Verb = 2 Conjunction
3. 4 Verb = 3 Conjunction
d. Ciri Ciri Peringkasan dalam Adjective Clause ada Verb Ing (Aktif), V3 tanpa Tobe
(Passive)

CONJUNCTION

Coordinate
Conj
SubOrdinat
Conj

Correlativ Conj

Conj Adv

FANBOYS
Conjunctions Concession
though
although
even though
while

Conjunctions Condition
if
only if
unless
until
provided that
assuming that
even if
in case (that)
lest
Conjunctions
Comparison
than
rather than
whether
as much as
whereas
as . . . as
just as . . . so
both . . . and
hardly . . . when
scarcely . . . when
Similar to And
also
besides
furthermore
likewise
moreover

Conjunctions Time
after
as long as
as soon as
before
by the time
now that
once
since
till
until
when
whenever
while

Conjunctions
Reason
because
since
so that
in order (that)
why
either . . . or
neither . . . nor
if . . . then
not . . . But
Similar to But
however
nevertheless
nonetheless
still
conversely
instead
otherwise
rather

Relative Adjective
that
what
whatever
which
whichever
Relative Pronoun
who
whoever
whom
whomever
whose
Conjunctions Place
where
wherever

Conjunctions Manner
how
as though
as if

what with . . . and

whether . . . or
not only . . . but also
no sooner . . . than
rather . . . than
Similar to So
accordingly
consequently
hence
meanwhile
then
therefore
thus