Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Chapter 3 Review Questions

Knowledge
1. Complete the following table.

Name of Compound

Chemical Formula

Condensed
Structural Diagram

Alkane,
Alkene, or Alkyne

3,4-diethylhexane
3-methyl-4-propyloctane
2,2-dimethylbutane
C5H8(l) (unbranched)
3-ethyl-1-pentene
3-hexene
3-octyne
2-ethyl-4-methyl-1-pentene
C7H14(l) (unbranched)

2. Compare and contrast a continuous-chain alkane with a branched alkane.

3. a. Draw complete structural diagrams for 2-methyl-2-butene and 3-methyl-2-pentene.
b. Show how the name describes the features and structure of these two molecules.
c. Which molecule would have the higher boiling and melting point?
4. Draw a diagram of a fractional distillation column. Label the following items on your diagram.

furnace
residue
fractions with higher boiling points
fractions with lower boiling points
long-chained hydrocarbons
small-chained hydrocarbons
gaseous hydrocarbons

5. Outline the changes that occur to the molecules of petroleum that undergo the process of fractional distillation.
Applying Concepts
6. The following compounds are named incorrectly. Draw a complete structural diagram of the compound, and name it
correctly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

1-methylbutane
2-ethylpentane
2-ethyl-2-propylhexane
4-butyl-2-methylhexane
2-propyl-butane
3-ethyl-2-propyl-5-hexyne
2-ethyl-3,4-dimethyl-3-octene

Chapter 3: Organic Chemistry

153

Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

7. Explain why the compound 2-methyl-1-propyne cannot exist.

8. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reactions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

the combustion of 2-pentyne

the combustion of 5,5-diethyl-2,2-dimethyloctane
the hydrogenation of 2-butene
the hydrogenation on 2-methyl-3-hexyne
the cracking of octane to produce two-carbon and three-carbon molecules
the cracking of hexene into two three-carbon molecules

9. Draw a series of structural diagrams to illustrate the polymerization of each of these starter compounds.
a. ethene
b. propene
Use the following information to answer questions 10 and 11.
Each of these foods could be used as a dessert in a typical brown bag lunch.

The following labels describe the contents of the granola bar, the two chocolate cookies with vanilla filling, and a small
rolled cake with filling.
NUTRITION FACTS
GRANOLA BAR

NUTRITION FACTS
FOR COOKIES

NUTRITION FACTS FOR A

ROLLED CAKE WITH FILLING

per serving (1 bar, 33 g):

per serving (2 cookies, 28 g)

per serving (1 cake, 28 g)

Energy
Total fat
Saturated fat
Trans fat
Cholesterol

Energy
Total fat
Saturated fat
Trans fat
Cholesterol

Energy/
Total fat
Saturated fat
Trans fat
Cholesterol

140 cal(587 kJ)

5g
1g
0g
0 mg

130 cal(545 kJ)

5g
1g
1.5 g
0 mg

119 cal(499 kJ)

5.3 g
1.2 g
1.5 g
3.5 mg

10. Identify which of these foods would be the healthiest choice if you want to reduce the risks associated with heart disease?
Concisely support your answer.
11. One of the ingredients listed on these labels is trans fat.
a. Describe the process of how industrially produced trans fat is made.
b. Describe the similarities in terms of structure and in terms of properties between saturated fat and trans fat.
c. What recommendation do most nutritionists make in terms of the amount of trans fat you should have in your diet?

154

Unit A: Chemical Change

12. The starting point in the life cycle of a 2-L pop bottle is petroleum. During the refining processes, the naptha
fraction from a fractional distillation tower is passed on to another pressurized tower where the molecules from the
naptha fraction are broken down into smaller molecules. Further fractional distillation is used to produce ethene.
a. Sketch a labelled diagram illustrating the production of ethene from petroleum.
b. Sketch a diagram of an ethene molecule, and write its molecular formula.
13. The ethene is shipped to a manufacturing facility where it is polymerized into polyethylene terephthalate, which is
often shortened to PET or PETE. This is the material used to make 2-L pop bottles. The first step in making the
bottles involves heating PETE and pouring it into a mould to make a small, plastic tube called a parison
or a preform.
a. Use the Internet to determine how a parison or preform is made into a 2-L pop bottle.
b. How do preforms help reduce the costs of shipping empty bottles to the factories where the
beverages are made?
Every product made from PETE is identified with the code on the left. This code is used to
identify the type of plastic so recyclers can properly sort the plastics before the plastics are
reclaimed and made into the next generation of products.
There are, in fact, a total of six plastics that are commonly used in packaging, each identified
with its own plastic recyling code. Each of these plastics has properties that determine the type
of packaging applications to which it is best suited.

1
PETE

14. Copy the following table into your notebook. Add as many rows as necessary.

Plastic
Recycling Code

Full Name of
Plastic

polyethylene
terephthalate

Properties

Packaging
Applications

Products Made
from Recycling
This Plastic

PETE

a. Use the Internet to collect information to complete the first row of the chart for PETE. Repeat this process to
complete the five other rows with information for each of the other types of common plastic packaging.
b. Look around your home and find specific products that are packaged in each of the six types of plastic
packaging. Look on the bottom of plastic containers for the plastic recycle code that will be stamped on the
bottom. Add your results to the second last column.
15. Although it is possible to recycle most types of plastics, in reality only items marked with recycling codes 1 and 2
are actively recycled. Since there is no market for plastic packages marked with numbers 3 through 6, these items
end up in landfills. This is part of the reason why less than 5% of all plastics are recycled, compared to 34% for
paper, 22% for glass, and 30% for metals. In addition, these three materials can be recycled into similar products
many times over, while plastics usually have only a single re-use.
a. Why is it especially important for recycled plastics to be made into items that will have a relatively long, useful
life?
b. In the ecological slogan, Reduce, Re-use, Recycle, it is the last word that tends to get the most attention.
Explain why reducing the consumption of plastic is the most effective way to help the environment in the long
term. You will explore these ideas in more detail in Unit D.

Chapter 3: Organic Chemistry

155

Science 20 2006 Alberta Education (www.education.gov.ab.ca). Third-party copyright credits are listed on the attached copyright credit page.

Case Study: The Life Cycle of a 2-L Pop Bottle

Photo Credits and Acknowledgements

All photographs, illustrations, and text contained in this book have been created by or for Alberta Education, unless noted herein or
elsewhere in this Science 20 textbook.
Alberta Education wishes to thank the following rights holders for granting permission to incorporate their works into this textbook.
Every effort has been made to identify and acknowledge the appropriate rights holder for each third-party work. Please notify Alberta
Education of any errors or omissions so that corrective action may be taken.