, 2012

, 16,
. 021/450-188, x 021/450-199
www.fsfvns.rs

EMPIRIA SPORTIVA
15
, :

. ,
. ,

300

-
42,

.......................................................................................................................................5
.............................................................9
, , ...................................................10
............................................................16
...................................................................17
......................................................................20
...................................................................................22
.............................................24
...................32
..........................................................................................33
...............................................................................................................................36
.......................................................38
..................................................43
..........................................................................44
....................................................................................................46
...........................................................................................49
() ..........................................51
.................................................................................................52
........................................................................................................53
................................................................56
..............................................................57
.......................................................................................................58
.......................................................................................................64
................................................................................................................67
.................................................................................................................................71
........................................................................................................................75
...............................................................................77
...........................................................................................86
................................................................................................................................91
.............................................................................................................93
..........................................................................................................................98
.............................................................................................99
..................................................................................................107
........................................................................................................110
........................................................................................................112
.......................................................................................................115
..........................................................................117
..............................................................................118
................................................................124
..............................................................127
.....................................................................................129

 ............................................................................133
.....................................................................................................137
................................................................................................139
.............................................................................140
..........................................................................................141
....................................................................................146
...............................................................................148
......................150
...............................................151
.................................153
...........................................................154
......................................................................................156
......................................................................................................158
( ) ...........................................................159
...............................................................................................................161
................................................................................................................162
...................................................................................................................164
.................................................................................................................165
........................................................................169
.............................................................................................176
..........................................................................................179
........................................182
.....183
......................................184
...........................................186
.............................................................189
...............................195
.....................................................................................................................199

 ,
, , ,
, .
,
.
, ,
, .

, ,
,
, ,

.
50- .
, ,
,
.

,
,
(1).
, ,
.
,
,
,
.

,
.
,
, .
,
.
.
, ,
, ,
.
,
.

,
, , .
,
(2). ,
. ,

 , ,
,
.
,

,
(3).

.
,
: ,
.

.
, .

. .

, ,
,

,
.
.
. -

.
- . ,
,
(4).
disportare (engl. disport,
franc. desport), .


,
(5).

,
, .

,
, ()
(3).

, .

. - ,
.

.
, ,

.


, , , , ,
, .
,
.
. 100

10

 .
, :
,

, ,

.
.
5 2011:
-

(Tiger Woods) () 62.290.000 $.

(Phil Michelson)() 61.190.000 $.
(Roger Federer) () 52.780.000 $.
(Manny Pacquiao) () 52.500.000 $.
(Fernando Alonso) ( 1) 45.000.000 $.

,
,
.
,
,
.
,


.

.
,
.
( )

-
.
,

.
,
,
.

,
,
.
, ,

11


. ,
, , ,
.
,
,
,
(5). ,

.
.
-

.
.
,
,
.
.
.
.

, ,
,
.

12

(2) :

, ,
, .

.

, , ,
,
, .


,
,
,

.

,
,

.

.
, ,
, .
( ,
, .)
.
.
.
,
.

.
.

. ,

.

.
. ,
, ,

, .

,
, .

.

. ,
,
.

.
, ,
, .
- ,
,
,

,

(6).

13


.
- ,

. - ,

.
. ,
. ,

. ,

, ,
. ,
,

.

(
, ).
?
, . ?

?


(6).
-
: ? ? ? (,
, , )?
?
?

, .

.

,

.

14

 (4)
:

;

,
;


;

, .

;
;
;

;

;
;

,
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

(5) :


;


;


;
-
;
;
;

;
;
,
;
,
.

15

 (
) ( )
() ().
,
, .
, ,
,
(3).
,
, ,
, ,
.
,
( ),
.
( )

. ,
, ,

(3).

-

.
:

;

,
;

;
,

;


.

16



, .

,
. , , .

(7).

.
, (8).
( 2500. )
.
.
3800 .
(Chou)
(1122.-255. ).
,

(9).

( )
6. . .

.
,
.
. (129.-199.)
, (9).
,

.
,
.
(Gymnasticys)
,
.
( 3. ), :
,
, , . ,
.
( )
. ,
,

17

(2).
.

.
,
(10).
() ,
(, ,
...).

. ,
, ,
( )
(9).
(Camerarius and Montaigne)

, .
, ,
.
,
(10).
19.

, , (11),
, ,
. - (Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis) (1757-1808)

,

(10).
(George Baker Winship) ( )
1859. .
.


,
.

.


.

18

 (11) 20.
:
- 1900. 1920. .
.
.
. 1916.

, :
, (12);
-

1920. 1939. .

(, ).

. 250-300
, 4 5 ,
500
,
.

1948. 1956.
. . 1945.
(
).

(Klement Kerssenbrock). 900
.
.

1958. 1970. .
, .
. . . 1959.

, . .
.
.
,
.

1970. 1986. . -

.
,
,
, .
, .

19

 1986. .
, , ,
, (10).

.
, (Friedrich
Ludwig Jahn),
. (Leshaft) 1910.
(2).
();
(, );
(, , ).
,
, , (3),

:
1.


(, , , ,
.);
2.
,
(,
,
,
.);
3.

(, , .);
4. (, .);
5. ().

,
, :

20


,
:
- ,
(, , ,
, , , , , );
- ,
(
, , , ,
.).

, :
- ,

(, , , .);
- ,
, ,

( );
- ,
(- ,
, .).

( , ,
.)
(Gandelsman A. Smirnov K.) 1970.
(2) :
1.
, ,
.
,
,
.
2.
, ,
, , , ,
.
3.
.

(
),
( ).
4.

21

 (, ,
, ).

.

.
5.

, , .
(, .)
. ,
, .
,
,
.
6.

(, , )
, ,
.
, -
.
.

, .
7.

() ,
(, , , ).
, .

.

,
.

, ,
.

.

22

 .
,
.
,
.

:
1.
;
2.
;
3. (, )

;
4.
.

.

-


.
;
;

.
,
, ,
.

. ,
.

.

.
,
.
,
( 3 10 ),
,
.
, ( 1
), ,

23


).

.
,
, .
,
, ,
.

,
, - .

, :
1. .
.


, .

.
,
.
, ,
.
2. .

.

(13-16),
,
:
;
; ; .

,
, ,
:
( )

24

( ).

,
,
.
,
(
)
(17).

(18-21).

,
. , ,

, ,


.
3.
.

.

,
,

.
,
,
.
,
(22).

() .
.
4. .
.

, , ,
... , ,
,
. , , ,
. (
) () (

25

 ) . ,
:
a) ,
,
;
b) ,
,
.
.
, , :
; ;
.
.
.
7
:
A. : (
);
(
);
(
,


).
,

, (23). ,
,
. ,

. ,
,
(24).
-
(
)(25).
(1 )
0,4 0,5 ,
(. ) 0,1
,
(26).

.
( ,
).

26

 ( ).

, .

.
3
5
. ,
.
. ,
,
,

.
.
B.
.
(27-30)
: ;
; ;
; .
.
(.
) . ,
.
, .

.

( , )
( ,
1 0 ).


.
.

.
.
,
.
, ,
, . ,


.

27

C.
, ,
.

.
,
, ,
. 80%
,
(
) . ,

,
, (.
). ,

.

. ,

.

-
(), (25).
, ,

.
(25). ,
,
, ,

.
D.

,
.
,
, .

.

.

(.
)

28

 .
( -).

.
E.

.

.

; ,

.
.
,
(26).
F.
, .
. ,
, .

.
G.
. ,

. .
. ,

,
().

.
,
.
.
5. .

.

.


(6). ,

.
.

29


:
,
.
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
.
.

. , -
.


.
,
.

( ).

.


.
6. .
,
.

,
.
-
, , .
7.
. 16. , 30.
.
, .


: - (

30

 ); - (
,

);
-
( ,
); -
( ); -
( );
(
); (
).
,
,
.
-
(31).
7. . (
)
. (32),
: 1) ,
,
; 2)
,

; 3)
,
; 4)
,
; 5) ,
6)
,
.
8. .

. ,

. ,

,
. ,
,

, . ,
,
,
, , , ,
: , .

31


,
. ,

,
.

.
:
1)
,
2)

3)

().

,
.
,
,

.
:

R=

(aiFi) + ex
i=1

:
R

- ;

Fi

- ;

ai...an
-
;
ex

- .

.
.

32


33


.

.

,
.
.
,
. ,
.
,
.

.

, ,
.
.
. , ,
.

,
. ,
-
.

. ,
-, ,
.
.


. ,
. ,

. ,
(33).
, ,
.
.

.
, .

34

 , ,
().
,
() .

.
(34)
.
.

.

,
.
- .
,

. -
. ,

, .
, ,
.

(
) -.
, ,
. ,
.
. ,
,
(35).

,

),
( ),
.
,
,
. ,


.

.

35

 50%
. 50%

.

100
, .

.
,
.

. ,
.
.
15-50
.
.
:
,
. ,
.
()
.
,
-.
.
.
.
, , ,
, - - .
:
, - (
)
.
; ,
(
),
;

( ),

36

 .
, .

-.
, .
, - .
,
.
, .

.

.
.
,
, .
.
,
.

,

.
. ,

.

.
.

,
. :
, .
(. , ,
, ...).
,
.

, , .
(),
.
.

37


.

,
.

. (CNS) ,
.
70 . ,
,
.

, .
:
,
, .
: 1)
, 2) ,
, ,
, , .
.

.
, . .
(. ,
,

). ,

.
, ,
.


.
( )
.
.
( , , ...),
,
: (

38

 ); ()
(), (
, ), ()
( ).
(
;
),
( ).


() ( ).
-
( - -),
- .
: -, -,
-, --
. -
, ,
. -
:
. .
( )

(

). ,
(Ca2+)

,
( ).
,
(
),
,
.


.
.
, , ,
.
, ,
(

).

().

39

 :
,
( ). .

, .

. (
)
(

).

.
.
. ,
(gap junction).
, .

.
.

.
(
) , ,
.
,
,
70mV.
,

70mV.
Na+, K+, Ca2+ i Cl-.
- ,
.
. Na+ i K+
.


.
,
. Na+
, K+
.
Na+ i K+ (9 Na+
20 K+ ).

, Na+

40

 , Na+
K+ , .
,
Na+

. Na+
,
Na+ .
Na+ , , K+
.

10 ms.
,
.
,
.
.
,

.

,
100 m/s.
. ,
.

, .
,

, .

.
(
) .

( 1 )
()
( ).
.

. .
(100 400 mm ) (0,2 1 mm
). ,
, ,
(,

41

 )
.

.
200 300 mm .

.

.
. .
-
( ) (
). .
.
,
GABA, .
GABA
.
.

.
. (
) ,
. .

, .

( )
( ).
.
(
) .

,

,
.

42


.
.
. ,
- ,
.
, .
, ,
.
() .
, .

(ACh). ACh
.
(Ca2+). Ca2+ ,
. ,
.
(cross-bridges),
,
.

.
(power stroke).
() .
ATP
ATP- .
F .
ADP i Pi ,
Pi.

,
. ADP ATP
,
. ATP, ,
.

. Ca2
.

.

. Ca+
.

43

 Ca2+ 30 msek
Ca2+ ,
Ca2+-ATP- .
Ca2+
1:1000.

Ca2+ .
-ADP-Pi . Ca2+

-
.

: I II (
1).
. I
()
, 80 msec,
II () 30
msec. I
ATP-
ATP-,
C++
Ca++ .
I .
1.

( I)

( II)

( IIx)

. I,
, , II-
, . I

. II
II IIx ( II),

44

 II IIx. ,
(I
II), 2-3
I.

.

.

50% I
25% II IIx. 30% I, 50% II
20% IIx. 70% I, 25%
II 5% IIx. 50%
, 35% II 15%
IIx(36).

.

,
.

-
.

,
. .
,

, . ,
,
.

( )
-. ,
,
. ,
.
.
,
(
), ( ),
.

, ,

. ,

45

 .

.

50%
. 50%
.

,
.
-:
.
.
/
/ /.
, :

- .
,
(
) . ,
5 .

180 .
,
. , : 1) ,
VO2max,
, 2) ,

.


. VO2max

.
(VO2max)
( - LO2 min-1)
( mLO2/kg-1min-1).

46

.
:
VO2max = MVDmax x O2 (I E)max
MVD
STPD, O2 (I E) -
,
:
VO2max = MVS x O2 (A-V)
MVS , O2 (A-V) .
,
,
. ,
VO2max,
. VO2max,

.
, ,
(37):
1. (AeP) , (

) (

);
2. (

, VO2
);
3.
()

,
(38).

VO2
.


.

47

 40-60% VO2max, 1,5-2 mmol/L

, - VP1.
,
VO2 ,
. (MLSS)
, - VP2. VP2
80-90% VO2max ( 65-70% VO2max,
95% VO2max)
3-6 mmol/L(39).
VP2,


, ( - pH
,
(40).


,
() .
(
).

(FVC). FVC (l) FEV1 (l)
, Tiffeneauov index (FEV1%), FEF25-75% (l/sec)

(FVC)
,
.
Tiffeneauov index (FEV1%) FEV1 FVC:
FEV1%=(FEV1/FVC)*100
75%,
.
(FEF25-75%)
25-75% FVC.
75% FVC
.

. ,
. ,

48

 35-40%. ,

.

.

(O2)
. ,
(CO2) .
. ( )
.
( 21%).
,

.
.
,
.

.
. : , ,
, .
5 , 45%
.
,
,
.

. :
, , .
IX.
.
.
.
,
.
,
.

. ,

, (14-16 g/100ml).

49

 .

100 ml 0,4 ml O2
100 ml 20 ml O2 (1 g Hb 1,34 ml O2).
,
,
,
. (pO2)
107 mm Hg (1 mmHg = 0,1333 kPaskala). pO2
iznosi 100 mmHg, 30-46 mmHg, 20
mmHg. ,
. pH
, CO2 (pCO2) i 2,3-
.
. pH i CO2 .
O2
pH pCO2.
H+

- . CO2 ,
15 CO2.
-
:
Hb NH2 + CO2 Hb NH COO- + H+
.
.
,

. 20%

.



.
.

. ,
(),
.
(
).
( )
.

50

 .
.

; .

.

.

. 60 85
. ,
35 .

.
:
60; 100;
(PVCs)
;
PVCs
.

,
.

()

.
.

30-50% .

,
, .

(ATP). -,
- .
, .
,
:
ATPADP + P + e

51

, ATP- , -
( 2
) .
ATP- :
- (CP);
,
( )
;
, .

ATP-CP (
, ),
.
ATP-CP .
ATP-,
.
- (CP) ,
. ADP+P
ATP:
CP + ADP ATP + C
ATP ADP+P
. CP- C+P
.
ADP ATP.
8 10 .

, 100, ,
, ,
(2).
(41). 30 ,
70%, 3 5 (100%).
.
10 ATP-CP, 8-10
.

ATP- ADP+P.
ATP :
GLIKOLIZA Piruvat + 2ATP

52


( ) .
,
.
,

.
,
, .
, (
40 3 ),
40% . 55% 5 24
(100%)(2).

ATP- ADP+P,
60-80 .


(2).
ATP-
, . , ,

, .

( )
ADP ,
.
:
.
.

.

.
,
.
Coenzim A, CO2 (), H2O, ATP (
), () .


.

53

 ( )
.
(ETSM)
,
, ,
.
, .

- .
ETSM .
34ATP 36ATP
.

1. (42)
( 1) acetil-CoA do
CO2 H2O , .
NAD+ FAD

. ,
, ATP-.

54

 .
acetil-CoA ( )
. .
ATP, NADH sukcinil-CoA.
- . -
, .
OH-.

, -ketoglutarat, CO2 NADH + H+.
ADP, ATP i NADH. -ketoglutarat

. sukcinil-CoA, CO2 NADH + H+.
Sukcinil-CoA
- ,
GDP GTP. , GTP
ATP
:
GTP + ADPGDP + ATP
, .
-ketoglutarata.

FADH2. , ,
.
,
.
NAD+ koenzim,
. (43):
acetil-CoA+3NAD++FAD+GDP+Pi+2H2O2CO2+3NADH+3H++FADH2+gtp+CoA

NADH FADH2
- .
.
NADH -
ATP, FADH2
2ATP
(43):
3NADH 3NAD+ 9ATP
FADH2 FAD
2ATP
GDP + Pi GTP
1ATP

12ATP

55


ATP CO2 (43):
glukoza
2NADH
2NADH
2acetil-CoA

2 piruvata
2NAD+ (GAPDH)
2NAD+ (PHD)
2CO2 + 2CoA

2ATP
6ATP
6ATP
24ATP
38ATP

2ATP.

2 2-3 .

,
. , .

. 2-3
ATP-
. , ,
- ,
.
ATP-
,
.

. ,

. .

.
. 4
ATP-
.
, , (44).
,

.

56



57


, ,
.
, (),
(), ().

.

, .

.

.
.

, .
.

(36):
(1)

,
(2)
.
:
(1) ;
(2) ;
(3) .
:
, ().

36.
.
.

.
,
.
:
1. ,
2. /
/,
3. .

58

 .
,
36.
, ()
,
.
.
:
;

;

.

.
. ,
.
.


(36).
. ,
.

, ,
.

, ,
. ()

,
.


. ,

(2).
,
,
, (2).
.
,
.
, -

59


,
.

, ,
,
,
.

. ,
.

.
()

. ,

,
. (2).

,
.
,
,
.
,
.

(2).
,

.
(45). .

,
. ,
. ,
, , ,
,
. ,
.

, , ,
(2).

60

 (46,47)

.
,
,
, .

,
.
.
,
.
,
(2).
,
,
.

.
.
, , ,
.
, ,
.
,

, (2).

.
, / .

.

. ,
,
. (46) 3-6%
,
, .
,
.
,
, ,
,
.

61

 ;
; ;
, ( ,
) .
,
(2):
( , 1 = 4 ,
2 = 5 , 3 = 6 );
( , 1 = 8 ,
2 = 12 , 3 = 14-16 );
;
.
,
,

. ,

.
,

,
.
, ,

. , 2 3 ,

, .
, ,
,
.
. 2 3 ,
,
(2).

.
.

,
, .
,
.
.

62

 , ,
(2).

.
, .
, (48)
20-40%
.


.
,


(48).
,

,
.

,
. ,
,
.

.
, .
, ,
, .
,
, ,
.
, , ,
.
, ,
.
,
( ).
.

. ,
(2).

63

 ,
,

.
, ,
,
.
,
. , .
.
,
.
,
,
, ,
.
,
. ,
.
, (
,
).

, ()
( ).

.

, :

- ,

-
,

- .

.
12 .

.
: 1)

64

 ,
70% max HR. ,
.
-
; 2) 8090% max HR.
.

VO2max.

. ,

.
.
(,
), .
().

. ,
( )
,
.
.
. ( )
( )
: ) (
1-2 ); )
.
,
- ,
.
, ,
- , ( 50-60 %).

- 10 ;
4 1 - 8
; 10 .
- 10 ;
3 1 , o
6 ; 10 .
- 10 ;
75 150
, 60 ,

65

 120 , o 3 ; 10
.
- 10 ;
30 , 90 ,
, ,
15 / ., 30-75, 30-60, 30-45, 30-30, 30-15,
3 ; 10 .
- 10 ; 2
(/) : ;
, o 3 ; 10 .
- 10 ;
, : 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4 ,
,
, , - 60 ; 10
.

,
.
,
50- .


.
:
;
;
;
(-);
;
.

.

. :
.
,
. ,
, !
10 5 VO2max-,
30 ( 20 VO2max!).
- 3030 - , (50% VO2max).

66

 VO2max 5 18 , !
50%
VO2max.
.
VO2max
1 8 90% x.

95% 2 .
.
3 4 3-4 .
, .
:
ATP 25% 2 3
7 49;
CP 40%(49);
ATP-CP - , ;
-
; (PFK) 6
16%(50); (LDH);
,
;

;

.

,
. , ,
, -
.

, . ,


.
, ,
,
.
FSmax -
.

67

Fsmax , :
220 ; ,
226 ; ,
( ).
,

.
.
.
75%
, .
85-90%
5 , 20-30
.
.
(FSmir)
.

.

, (RPE) (/).

. ,

,
.
( ),
( , ...).


( ).
(2) :
1. 1-15 ( ), ATP-CP
, 95-100% 0-5%
;
2. 15-60 (), ATP-CP LA
, 90-80% 10-20%
;
3. 1-6 (), LA
, 70(40-30)%
30(60-70)% ;
4. 6-30 (),
, (40-30)-10% (60-70)-90%
;

68

5. 30 (),
, 5% 95%
(39,51)
:
1. ,

, (
,
).

(40-50% VO2max). -
. - .
:
 ,
;
 ;
 ;
 ;

.
2.


.
1 , 65-80%
,
.
.
2 80-90%
,
1 .

(extensive endurance). ,
.
, ,
.
3.

1 1 - 90-100%
2 2 100-105%

69


,
( ),
.

,
,
.
- , -
, ,
.
:
;
;
.
4.
.

1 1
2-3
.
( )
,
.

. 4
.
:
- ;
- -
;
- - ;
- .
5.

.
2 2

( )
( -
).

,
,

70

 VO2max.
( ) 1-2
( ).

. 5
.
:
- ;
-
.

. 100%
. :
1 = 1: , 70% 80%
.
2 = 2: , 80% 90%
.
1 = 1: (), 90%100% .
2 = 2: ,
100% 110% .
1 = 1: ,
2 3 .
2 = 2: ,
10 .

,
,
.
,
.
, ,

.
,
, , -
(52).
, ,

(53).

71

 10%
(53).
() ,

(52,54).

.
.
. ,
,
:

, ()
(55).
( 4 )
: 8% 13%
, 13% ,
20%- , 3% 14%
(VO2max) 4% 25%
. ,

.
(Zatsiorsky i Kraemer)(56)
:

.
, .
,
. ,
,
.
,
,
, 8-9%-
57, 5%
25%(58-60), (66)
6%(55).

()
(61).

,
, , ,
/.

72



.
, (57),
(55), (62), (63) (58,59).
,
:
5-6%- ,
20% - ,
10-25%- ,
1-9%- (VO2max),
8%- ,
15% ,
70%,
,
(
) 5% ( 5%)
,
,
, 20%,
10%-
,
,

, 40%-
.
,

. ,
.
, .
,
.

. 17% 34%,
15%
(. 48% 78% )(61).


(55,64-66). Hickson
(64) 30%
60% 15
20% 30%
7% 10%. , (Shepley)

73

(66) : 20%-
80
10 , 22% 15%-
.
, ,


.
(Mujika i Padilla)(67)
, 50% 70%
(55,60) 50% 90%
(57,68).

,
. ,

(65):
( 4 ),
7 10 ,
50%.
( 3 ),
10 20 ,
60-75%.
(
), 14 28 ,
60-90%.
(Thomas i Busso)(65)

30% 40%.
:
( 4 ),
7 10 ,
30%.
( 15 ),
20 ,
30%.
(
), 30 ,
40%.
(61).
( )
(. 50%
).

74

, ,
.
, (.
5% ).

()
(. 2,8 )
(.
5,5 ) ( 2).

(. .
)

2.

,
, .

,
,
.
, ,
(69) ,
(2).
: ,
, - .

75

 ,
.
. (6-7%)
,

(70). 4-8
(71).
() ,
.
,
. 69

, , ,
. ,
, , ,
.
,
.
,
, ,
(2). ,

.
, , ,
.
10-15 60 90 ,
50% .
140 170 .

(2). ,
,
. , ,
.

(2).
,
2.

.
3 5 , .
, .
. ,
,
. ,
,

76

 .
. ,
(2).

,

, .

.

: 1. , 2.
, 3. .

,
,
(2).
, .
,
(
).
.
( , )
, .

,
.
(Ritter)
(2):
,

.
,
.
, .

, .
.
.

. ,
.

77

,
,
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
. ,

. ,
.

. ,
.

(2).

.
,
, 2.

. ,
. ,
, ,

.

.
.

, () .
,
, .
, .


.

.
, .

78

 .
.
.
, ,
( 3).

60%

40%

20%

80%

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

3.


, ,
.

.
, 14 (72),
9 12 .
,
,
. ,


.
(2).
15-

79

16. , . 18
.

.
.
18.
.
, .
(1978)
(2).
15 16
. .
.
7 8 .
,
, , , ,
. 10. 13.
- , .
15 17 ,
.
5-8 .
,
.
( 18 ).
.

.
14 18 .
,
,
.

(2).
,
, .

, .
. ,
,

. ,
(2).
,
,
. ,

80



(2).

. ,


.
.
, ,
.
(2).

.
. ,

.
.
,
, (2).


. ;
, .
, , .

.
, ,

.
(2). ,
,
.
14 16
(), ,
. ( ), ,
, , ,
15 18 . ( )
17 20 . ,

, ()
9 10 .

, :
.

81


. ,
.
, . ,
100% .
, , 40%;
(2).

,
.
,

.
,
, (2).

.

, ,
, .
,

(2).


,

.
.
,

, . ,
.
,
.

,
.
. (2):

82

.
. ,
, ,
.
, ,

, ,
, .

.
.
,
. ,
,
.
.

.
.
. ,
.
, , .
. ,

.
. ,
.
.
,

. , , ,

. ,

,
.
.

.
. ,
,
.
.

.

.
,
.
, ,
, .
,

83

 . ,
, .
, ,
.

, .

.

.
,
. ,
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
. ,
4 ,
10 .

, .
.

. , ,
,
.

,
.
,
, .
.


. .
. ,
,
. , ,
( )

84

 . ,
.

(: ) .
.
.
(19071982)

. :
( 4):
1. , ;
;
2. ,
. ;
3. .

.
, .
,
.
,
.
.

,
, .
.
. ,
,
.

4.

85

 - .
(
!).
.
,
,
.
( 5): ,
(73).

5. , (73)

,
. ,
-
.
. ,

-,
,
.
. , ,
().
,
() .


(Weigert).
.
,
, .

. (1932)

86

 :
. 50-

:
.
, ,
( )
,
. ,

(74).

,
.
,

-
(). ,
. , -
. ,
, .

().
,
,
.

. , (
)
()
()
.
( ) - ,


( ) .
, - -
.




(76-78).
,
(78). (,

87

 )
,

() .
(
),
( 30%).


.
,
(79).

, ,



. ,

(
, ,
, - ,
.). ()

- .

, ,

, -,
, .
,
, :
-
;
-
;
- .
:
;
- (
);
- ;
-
.
-

88


,
().
,
.
6.
,
,
.

6.

,
( 7-8).

89

7.

()

()

8.

90



.
,
. , :
, , . ,
: , . :
-
; -
.

-
(
). :
- ;
;

;
Ca+
().

. ,
,
-.
, -
.

.

: 1. -; 2. ; 3.
.
,
, .


(80).

:
;
;
;
;
.

91

 :
, ATP/CP , ,
, .
(100, 200 m) ATP/CP
. 400 m ATP/CP
. 5000 10000 m,
.
, .

. , , , ,
ATP/CP .
.

,
( ,
, ,
.),
.
( ) :
1.
(.
),
.
2.
.
,
: ,
. ,

, .
,
.
o
, ,
(82).

, .

.
(ATP CP) 2 5 . 2
3 5 .
3 5 ,
30 60 . 2
40% , 5 55%, 24
100% .

92

 , 10 60%, 48
100% . 95%
60 75 .
.

. , 1-2
, ,
.

. , 2 .
, , ,
.

. , 2
.

.
, .
,
. ,
, .

-
,
(84).



().

,

. :


,

;



.

93

 :

, . ;

,
(84).
-

94

(84):
( ;
; ; ;
; ;
- ;
);
( ;
; ; ,
; ;
;
;
x ; ; ;
; ; ; ;
; ; ; );
( ; ;
; ; ;
- ; );
( ; ;

;
;
; ; ;
; ;
);
( / /
; ;
; ;
; ;
);
( ;
; ;
;
;

; ;
; ;
; ;

BCAA2
).


,
.

(86,87):
;
;
; ;
;
;
;
;
, ;
;
;
, ;
;
;
() ;

;
;
;
.

(86,87):
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
.

,
.

.
.

.

.

95

 , ,

(84):
-
;
- ;
- ;
-
;
-
;
- () ;
-
;
- ;
- /
;
- ;
- ;
- / .

,
(84):
- / ( , , ,
);
- ;
- ( ,
);
- , , ;
- , ()
.

, .
(84):
- ;
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .

, ,
.

96

 ,

,
.

(84):
- ( , )
- (, , , Red
Bull .);
- , , -;
- ;
- ();
- ;
- 15-25 33-37 C ( );
- ;
- , ;
- (, ,
);
- .

(84):
- ( , , )
- -
-
-

-
-
-
- ( )
- ( )
.
,
. ,
, .

97



,

. ,
.


.
,
-
(88).
,
,
(
) ( 9).

9. 1
(89)


/
.
,
.

98

:
( ),
.
(
( ),

(. , .)).
(
,
,
( )).

.


.
, .
,
(. )
.
,
/ ,
( ),
,
, .

: ,
().
,
.
.
.
( , )
,
. .
.
. ,
, ,
. (
) ,
.
, , ,

99

 , ,
, .

, .
.
. ,
, .
: , .
.
,
.
() (). ,
.
.
(C6 H12 O6) .
.
,
.

. ,
.
(1 g/l ).

, .
, , ,
.
.
.
.
, .
. , , .
.
.

( ).
. : , ,
.
. , , , .
.
.
,
,
.

100

 .
. ,
.
,
. .
, .
,
.
,
.
, :
- ;
- .


.
,
/.
.


, ,
.
.

, , -3 ,
.
, .
( )
( ).

, , . ,
,
. .
: .
,
. (
).
. .
.

(),
(). ,
, , ,

101

. . .
,
.

.

, .
.
, ,
.
, .
, ,
.
( ),
. , ,
, .

.
.
,
. , .
( )
, .
,
, .

. :
( ) ,
,
. : 1, 2, 6, 12-
, - ,
.
( )
,

:
,
,
.
, .
,
, ,
.

102

. (,
.), , -,
.
,
, , .
.
1 () ,
.
. ,
. 2 ()

. ,
, . ,
6
(). .
, , , , ,
. , , .
12 .

. .

. 45
( ).
90 .
. .
,
, ,

. .
3 .
.
(7-). 2
,
.
.
, ,
, , , .
() .
. .
, .
( )
. ,
.
, .
.
. , (

103

 ) (
). , 20

.
, .

. .
.
,
.
. .
.
, ,
.
.
.
.
3-4 . ,
.
,
.

.

. ,
.
20 25 ,
, ,
. .

,
, ,
.
:
, , ,
.
( 1800-2100 kcal/d; 2200-2500 kcal/d).
( 2500-4000 kcal/d;
3000-6000 kcal/d).
2000 kcal, 500-700 kcal.
.

( ).
.
.

104

 .
4 kcal
:
- 400
= 1600 kcal
- 100
= 400 kcal
-

= 12 kcal

503

= 2012 kcal

15 ( 73 = 1095 ; 57
= 855 ). 60-65%
(500 ),

70% .
8-10 .
, , , ,
. 25 30

, ,
.
, ; .


(100 100).
:
- ( 60 100) - , , ,
, -, , , ;
- ( 40 59) - , , , , ,
;
-

( 01 39) - , , , ,
, .

.

. ,
. , .
3 5
(150-300 ).
3 4 .
.
.

60 .
40 60. .

105

 , 2
10 12
.
.
5 7% .
.
.

. 75% 50%
.
. ,
. 9 kcal .
81 7-10% .
72 000 kcal,
100 .
30% kcal .
10% kcal
, 70% .
-
50:50 %. 300
.
, , ()
. pH,
, ,
( ) .
10 15% 15%. 0,8 / .
0,9 / ,
1,2 1,4 / ,
1,2 1,8 / .

( = 100),
(100), 70,
69, 60, 57, 47 34.

.
. .

.
. .
.
,
.
.
, .

106

 40 50% 70% .
.

. ,
.
, ,
. 0,5 1,2
2 ,
. 2% .
5%
. ,
.

.
. ,
,
, .
5 8%
. 400
600 , 200
250 15 .

, ,
(90).
.

(90).

, ,
( 10).
-

:
.
.
.
.
.
.

107

10.2 (90)

.

. .

.

.

. .
.
.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.

108


, .
,

(91)( 11).



.


.
:
()

:

(-)

11.3 (91)
: ,
. .
( ,

)
(
,
).
,
. .

3

109

 .
.


(93,94).

( ) (
) .
.

, , .

.

.

() .
() ,
,
. ,
,
.
-

:
;
;
, ;

.

,
.
.


- .

, , ,
.

110

 , ,
(95). .

-
:
-
,
- , ,
,
- ,
- , ,
- , ,
- ,
.
:
-
,
-

,
- ( )
,
-
,
,
-

.

,
.
:
-
.
- ,

.
- .
:
- ;
- ;
- .
,
, :

111

:
1. :
.
2. :
.
3. :

.
;

:
1. :


.
2. /:
,
.
- ; -
:
1. :

.
2. :
/ .
.
3. :
,
/ .

, .
-
.
: , .
.

.

. ,
(2).

.
.

112

 .
(2).
-

(2):
.

.

.

.

.

,
.
.

.

,
(2):
-
, .
- ,
.
- 3 .
- 4
, .
- 5
.

(2):
,
, .
.
,
, .
,
.
2. 4. ;
1 4; 2. 3. ; 2 5(2).

.

.

113


(2).
-

(2):
(
).

.
.

.

(
). ,
,
.

(2).

.
.

.
.

,
(2).
-

(2):
,
.
.
.

,
.

(2).
,
. ,

114

 .

, ,
.


2.
,
(. ).
.
().
,
. ,

.

115

116

117


,
,
.
,
,
. ,
, , .


.
.
, ,
. ,
( 0 100%) . ,

.
, ,
.

.
, ,
. II

F=mxa
(a) (m),
,
(F). ()
(V),
. , (P),
(F) (V),
. ,
,
.
, ,
(
)

(
).
() ,
, .
,

118


( ).

, :
,
,
,
, (92).

. ,
0,1 0,2
,
0,6 0,8 (92).
, : ,
, ,
,
( ,
).
,
(92). ,

- .
( ) .
-
,
93.

,
.
, . - ,
,
(92).
-
- -
(

).
.

,
. (
), .

( )
( )(92).

119

,
,
(-
) (92):

,

,

.
, ,
,

, . .

, .

w- ,

. ,
,
. , ,

, .


112.
1. (92).
, .


. ,
( )
0,2 0,3 .

()

( ).
2. (92).
,
:
;
, ;
.

120

3. (92).
,

.

.
,

:
-

.
-

.

, ,
,
.

. ,
, .

. ,
,
.

() ,
.
(92):
1.
( ,
, , );
2. (
,
);
3. .

, , ,

.
.

121

 ,
-,
(92).

,
. , ,
.
,
:
1.
6 2, ,
.
.
2. , ,
.
3. .

,
. .

, .

:
) ,
) -,
) ,
) ,
) .

.

:
- ()
- ( ) (. 12).

122

TIPOVI MIINE KONTRAKCIJE

12.

:
I :
;
;
.
II :
.

()
() ,

. ,
.
,
:




123



. ,

( - )(94).

(90%-100% x)
( 150%
).
,
.


114:
 .
(3
1) (
). ,
( )
( ) (
). , ,
.
. 90/95/100/90%
3/1/1/3. 4
5 .
2-3 .
.
 .
(100%)
. 5-6 ,
3-5 .
.
:
. 3-4
.


(100%)
. 5 2 ,
3 6 .
3 . 2 .
.
,
,
.

124

 .
( )
(120-150%).
5-6 , 4-5 3 .
3 .
.

.
 .
90% 100%.
. : 1
3 90%; 1 1 95%; 1
1 97%; 1 1 100%; 1
1 100% 1
( ). 5 .
3-5 .
3-4 . 2-3 .
 - .
, ,
,
,
.
3 5 6 8
70-90%
( ) ,

. 3-5
. 5 .
3 .
.
,
,
( ).
.

. ,

.
, (114).
 .
(30-50%) (60-70%)
( ),
. 5 6
3-10 . :
-

125

.

- . ,

.
,
, ,
, 10- ( 10
) ( 3 ).

.
 .

. , ,
( , ,
)
.
,
(.
) (.
).
.
. 3 5
6 15 , .
30% x.
.
-
.
- ()

- . , -

,
.
()
.
,
(. ) (<250).
,
-
.

.
(94).

126

 .
.
,
-
, . .

, , .
,
- .
(
). 3-10.
2-5 .
3-10 .
2-8 .
1 3 .
 . ,
,

, .

.

.
. .
90-100%

. 2-3/6-10.
3-5 .
5-8 .
2-3 .
2-3 .

-
.
.


- .

.
.
(50-80% 1 )
( 6 12).

127

 ( )
( ).
,
.

, ,
.

,
,
(114).
.
- .
80% 3 5 7
10. 3 4 .
- - .
.
85 95% 3 5 ,
5 8. 3 .
:
()
,
, . .
- y- .

. 3 5 12
20 , 60 70%.
( 1-2 ).
.
 .
.

,
. ,
,
. ,
36 300 / ( ).
.

3 4 12 15 ,
3 . 70% .
 .

,
.
( )

128

 70 100% . 3 5
4 6 5
6 . 3 .

.

,
.


, .

95:
- ;
- ();
- ();
- ;
- ;
- .


.
,
.
.

,
. ,
, .

.
-

(95):
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
.

129


.
.
,
.

().
-

(95):
-;
(- );
;
;
;
.

,
.
, .

,

:
.
.

,
.
15. .


(115).
15. .


.
.
.
,
(V = Fk x Dk)
.

(, , , , )

(115).

130

().
.
.
m. quadriceps (m. rectus femoris, m. vastus lateralis, m.
vastus mediali), .
, .

. ( 5 )
, ( 5 20 )
.
. .

.
- ,
, ,
,

(95).


.
.
.

.
.
- .
.
,
, .
:
.

.
.

-.

( ),
(36):
- ;
- ;
- ;
-

131


. :
(1)
, (2)
, ,
(36).

: , ,
, .
.
,
75% 90% .
5-10 , 45-90 .

10 20 (. 3-4 x 3-5 )(36).
95-100%.
1-2 . 45-60
.
5-20.
95-100%.
3-6 . 60-90 .
5-15.
95100%. 5-10 .
60-90 .
5-15.
/
95-100%. 2-6 .
60-90 .
5-15.

.
,
:

95-100%. 2-5 .
45-60 .
5-20.
95100%. 5-10 .
60-120 .
5-15.

132

 95100%. 2-10 .
45-120 .
5-15.
/
95-100%. 5-10 .
60-90 .
5-15.
.

.
,
2-5 5-10 .
, 60-90 , 90-120 .

5 20.
,
.
30 .
;

1-3 ,
() 36.

( )
.

, ,
(, )
.

, ,
, , .

.
, ,

, , ,
.

133



.
.


, ,

. , - ,


.


.
,
,
,

.
,
.
,
,
,
.
-

:
,
,
.

.
. (1968)
() :
1. 1/3
.
2. 1/3 2/3
.
3. 2/3
.

134

 ,
:

(
).

(
).
:

, ;
, ;
-
.

;
-

,
( );

, ,
.
.

.


,
.

, /

.

(
, , ),
.


.
- .
:
(36).

135





. ,

,
.
,
.

70 80 ,

(3,5 //). ,

7 //,
. ,
(
),


(
).

. .

. ,

,
. .


.
,
(

). ,
(
)
.
, , ,
.

136

 . , .
, ,

(.
).

.

.
(36):
1.

2.

3.

(36):
- ;
- ;
- .

.
(1) (
), (2) (3)
(36).

.

(FSmax).


(36).


.
.

.
( ),

137

20 30 . (
), 5 10
. , , 2
4, 2 3 .
.

(36):
-
(
).
-
.

.

. ,
30 40 ,
(. ). , 3
70% FSmax, 1-
: 80%-70%-90%-70% FSmax.
.
20 30
(70%-90% FSmax)(36).

5 8 2 3 .
.
80% FSmax
(70%-90% FSmax).
65% FSmax (36).

(36):

.
-
.
-

,
.

(90%-95% FSmax).

138

 .
.
: (1)
3 6 2 3
(2) 15 30
.
1-1,5
, .
3
.

(36):
1. 70100%. 10-45 . 56 . 3-12.
2.
55-100%. 15-90 .
1-2 .
3-12.


.
()
(36).

(36):
-
16 ;
-
;
-
2 ;
-
.

.

,

.

139

 ,

.

.
.
, .
,
,
(96).
. ,
-
. - ,
. ,
,
(4).
,
,
.
,
,
() (3).
,
,
.
.
,
, , ,
(92).

. .
,
, , , , ,
, ,
,
,
(97).

, , .
, ,
.
,
6. 18. .

140

 : (6-10 ), (11-14 )
(15-18 )(98).
,
,
.


, , .

,
.
, .

.
,
.
,
, .
,
, . ,
.
,
.

.

,
.
,

(99).

, . ,
.

(100).

141


,
.
,
. ,
,
.

(101,102), (103,104)
(105,106), (107,108).
( ,
)(109,110). (111,112)
, .

( ), .
,
.
,
,
.

.

, (101).
,
.
, ,

. ,
. ,
,
,
.
.
,

.
,
.
,

,
(113). (24),

142

.

.

, .

.
.
.
60 - 65% ()(114).

.
.
,
.
(115)


5 -11 , ,
. :
; :
. 8
.
6-8
, 13-15 ,
.
nogu (leg extension)
(chest press).
. ,

.
(chest press)


.


, .
(116)
1-2 ,
.
7 12
. ,

143

 . 8 .
, 12 ,
10 15 .
, , , ,
- .
,

.


. ,
67% .

,
.

- .

,
( 5 20
) ,
(44,101,112,117-121).
(Nielsen) (117)
7 19
.
,
, 5 ,
.
,
.
,
,
. (Hansen) (122)
, (Round)
(123)
. ,

()

(108,124,125).

.
,
,
(126-128).

144


:
1. . ,
,
, , .
,
.
,

,
.

.
2. , .


.
.
.
,
.
,
() ().
,
.
3. , .

, ,
.

.
,
,
.


:
-

;
;

;

;

;

145

,
;

;

;
,
;
,
;
, ,
,
;

;
;
(1:10);
, .
.

20 60 , .

.
.
.

.

, ,
. 7.

. .
.
, . 8. 10.
.
, .

.

,

(129).

146

 10 14%. -, 23
, (114)
VO2max 5%. 1995. 2001.
,

. 1
,
0 10%(129).
(Yoshizawa) (Mobert),
72, 28 ,
( 6 ).

(intermittent)
.
,
(130-132).


.

, , , .
.
,
,
( ) .

.
.
.
VO2mx ,
, ,
. ,
. ,
.
.
,
. 200 800

,
.
.
, ,
.

.

147


,
.
,
. 2
.
2.

()

2-4

40-200

2-4
2-3

20-60
1-2

. ,

. ,
,
,
.
,
.


.
. ,

.
,
.
(133)

( ) 13 . 2
(10x300, 12x250 , 4x600)
75 80% .

,

148

 ,
.
(Diallo) (134),
() 12 13 ,
. 3
10 .

.
.
8 .


9 13
(129,135).

.

.
,
.

(, , , ,
).
. ,

,

.
,
. ,
, .

.


.
,

,
.
,
,
, , . ,
15 120
.

149


. , ,
.

,
.


. , ,
12
18,8%,
6,5%(136). 2010. ,
38,2%
10% (137). 2006. 6,4%
7-19 (138).

- (139).

(137).
,

30% 25%
(140).
/
.


, , , ,
.
.
,
,
, , ( II), ,
, , (141143). (BMI)
(144-146). , ,

, (147)

.

150


() .
,
.
(112,148).

.

,
,
()
. ,
,
, .

, (149,150).

. , ,

.

.

,
(American Academy of Pediatrics, American
College of Sports Medicine, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports
Medicine)
( )
(103).
.


(151,152).

151

152

153



. ,

.
. ,
,
(153).


(154).
,
, ,
, ,

.

,


(154).


(154).


(154).

,

(154).

,

(154).


, () ,
,
154.
()

154


.

,

(154).

.
,
.
,
. ,
()
.
, ,

154.
, ,
( ),
, , ,
.

1.

8.

2.

7.

3.

4.

6.
: ,

5. :
, ,

13.4 (154)
4

155

 ,


, -

(154).

,
, .


(154).


.

,
(154).
,


.


(154).
,
, .
, ,
() , ,
,
(154).

(154).

(73)
: , ,
, , .
20. .
y, , ,
(73,155).
:

156

 ,
.



.

(48).
,
,
, ,

.

.

(73,156).

.


.

( ), ( ),
() (,
) .

, .
,

.
? ?
-
. .
- .
- .
-

.
-
/.
- , .

157



, .

14.

, ,
.

, , ,
.

158

 ( )
, , :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
,
:
- ;
- ;
- ;
- .
2 , 4-5
. (30-90 .), (2-3 ) (
3 ).
; .
, ,
.
, 2
3 .

( ):




: ~ 120

( ):



: ~ 120

.
.

.
,
,
. .

.
,
.
.

. ,

159

 ,
. ,
.
. 12
.
.
3.

3
10
7-8
2 x 18

( )

8-10
3 x 10-12
70-80%

( )

(
)

(
)

45

30
10

4. ( )

( )

3

12

7-8

2 x 18

3
( )

18 (30/30)

3

10

(
)(36):
- (45 ) (20 )
- (40-60 ) (10 )
- (45 ) (10 )
(20 )
- (45 ) (15 )
* (15 )
(15 ) - (45-60 )

160

 (10-15 ) - (40 )
(10 )
(10-15 ) - (45 )
(20 )
(10-15 ) - (45 )
(15 )

.
,
. ,
.
. 10

(36).

: (157):

07,00-07,15 -
07,15-07,45 -
08,00-08,30 -
08,30-10,15 -
10,15-10,30 -
10,30-12,15 -
13,00-13,20 -
13,20-14,00 - ,
14,00-15,30 -
15,30-17,15 -
17,15-17,30 -
17,30-19,15 -
20,00-20,30 -
20,30-23,00 -
23,00-07.00 -

161


3-10 ,
(7 ).

, .
2-3
1-2
( ).
8 ,
.
5 ( )
, : , , ,
(.
tapering).

, ,
( )(2).
5 6
7 .

5.

+- (
+
)
()

+
()

+SAQ
+
+-

; - - ;
( ); SAQ ,
.

162

 6.

,
,
,
,
-,

,
,
,

,
,
,
-,
,

,
,
,

,
,
,
-,
,

,
,
,

,
,
,
-,
,

,
,
,

,
,
,
-,
,

,
,
,

,
,
,
-,
,

,
,
,

,
,

- ; - - ( , :
, );

163


2-6 ,
, ,
.
,
,
, .

Anaerobni glikolitiki

trening
(trening
(

brzinske
izdrljivosti)
)
21 21
dan

Anaerobni
fosfatni

(trening
(
trening

brzine i)
agilnosti)
Puti
14
14
dana

77
dana

44
dana

regeneracija

Tehnika
specijalke

Randori

TM

Taktika ++kombinacije

Randori

49
49
dana

15.

164


6-12
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
7.

()

()

16.

165


.

.
6 8 ,
.
.

17.

166



.
,
.
.

.

18.

167


,
.

.

,

19.

168

,

( 20)(103).

1
;
2 .

20.5
()(73,158)


,
159-165.



( 21)(166).

169

21. (167)


.


, . (170)
, .
, ,
.


, ,

.
(168)
.
(168)
( 22).

170

900-1400

600-900

2
25%

250-600

15% 1

20% 1

65%

40%
45%
35%

2 40%

2
20%

60%
40%

100-250

15% 1

1400-1100

20%
50%

10%

Etapa preliminarne

pripreme

Etapa specijalizirajue
Etapa
bazine pripreme

pripreme

Etapa maksimalnih

sportskih dostignua

Etapa odravanja

sportskih
dostignua

22.
(
)(168,169): 1. , 2.
, 3. -

(170).

.
.
,
(. 3-4
, 3-4 , 3-4
).

(102).
.

, ,
/ (168).
( , )

171

 . ,
( 23).

1
2
3
4

23. (168,170)

3-4
1-2 ().

,
, , (168).

(2).
, a
( ).
, ,
.
, ,
, ,

(2). , ,

172


.
, , , ,
,

.

,
,
,
(2). ,

, ,

. .
, (9 12)
.
: 40 60% , 8 12
,
60 90 , 4 6 .
,
.


.

.
,
,
(2). ,
.
( )
. ,
( ) .
,
-
.


,
,
, .

,

173

 (2). ,
( )
.
,
.

,

. ,
.
,
.


,
(2).



.
.


(2). , ,

.
,
. ,
(2):
1) ,
2) ,
3) .
.

( ).
,

, .
,
.
,

174

 ,
.

. ,
- ,
.

.
,
.
,

.
,
( ) .
.
.


. ,
,
.
,
.
,
.

.
, ,
,
. ,
,

.
. ,
, .
,
.
-
.
.
,
.

, .

175

 .

, ,
( 10-15 30 60 ).

(, )
.
. ,


(
). ,

.
,
, , .
,
.

, ,
,
.

,
,

.

. , ,


.
,
.

.

.


.

,

176

 .
,
.

,
, , , .
,
.
,

- .

.
,
(96):
1) ,
2)

3)
.

177

178


179


,

.

, ,
,
.



,
.

.

,
() ,
(, , , ).

:

;

(
)

;

;

;

.

,
.
, .
( , , ) ,


.
:
;

;
;

;

180

;

;
.

.
, .
.
.
,
.
.
.
.

,
.
- .
.

, , ,
.
.
( )
. ( )
.
,
(172):
1. ?
, ,
.
2.
?
.
20 , , .

, .
3. ()
? (),

.


.

181

 (172):
1.
, ,
.
2. ()
,
, , .
3. (
)
.

.
,
, (
).

,
(172).
,

.

.
(, ).

,
(172). .

,
.

(sit-andreach test)173.
, , ,
.

;

182

 .
,

.
, , ,
, ,
. .
,
- ,
(172):
;

.
, .

.

,
. ,

.

: 1)
2)
. ,
.

183


-
(WanT). WnT
,
(172-174).
30 . WanT all-out .
.
(175).
(10 )
.

(Peak Power, Peak Power/TM, ,
).
WAnT
, .
( 30%),
18%
WnT . ,
31%(176),
50%
(177).

184

 24. (Monark 894 E Peak Bike Ergometer)

- (RAST) - ( ).
,
.

.
5 10
35 m
10 ,
.

:
= 2/3.

35 m

25. (RAST)

185



.

,
.
,
.

,
-
(, , ,
),
.

( ) ,
,
( ),
. ,
,
.

,
,
.

, ,
,
.
(Bruce) 1956. (178)
,
.

,
(WHO)(40,179).

,
(40,179-181).
,
8 12 . . ,

(182).

186


VO2,
.
, ,
VO2max ,
, ,
, (40,183).

,
(y .)
(Balke, UCLA test)
().
,
.
(CPET)
Quark (COSMED, Italy) on-line, breathby-breath (VO2, STPD),
(VCO2, STPD), (FS),
(VE, BTPS), (RQ),
(PETCO2, PETO2),
(Vt), (BF), (PO2),
(VE/VO2)
(VE/VCO2).
,
( Cosmed),
( ),
.


.
3 km/h.
e d a.
7 km/h. 1,5 %.
,
.

. ,
,
.

187

 26. Breath-by-breath

(184-188):
1) VO2 ( 2 mL/kg/min < 5%)
,
2) 10 / 5%
,
3) RQ ( ) > 1,10 >1,15,
4) VE/VO2 ( ) > 30,
5) > 8 mmol/L
6) - 13
.

188




1 (
).
(, , , ) 1
-, , .
,
, .
- Quattro Jump

,
.
,
,
, (),
.

.


.

(920 x 920 x 125 ).

25 .

,
Quattro Jump .
, Kistler Quattro
Jump Bosko Protokol.
. Quattro Jump Bosco
Protocol ,
: ,
, , .

189

 27. QuatroJump 9290AD.

, Quattro Jump
.

.

.


:

;

;

;

Stretch-shortening cycle
.

- Squat Jump (SJ) - ,

900.

, ;
,
a 900

190

 2 . ,
.

.

Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) -

Countermovement
. breaking
, .
e ,
;
,
900

, .
,
.

Slika 28. Countermovement Jump (CMJ) -

Countermovement
,
:
Countermovement
,
.
Countermovement ,
,
.

191

Continuous Jump with Bent Legs (CJb) -

15 - 60
Countermovement
15 60 . ,

;
,
Countermovement ;
900 ,
. 1)
2) ,
.
15
, 45
.
-
,
. ,
,
, ,
( , 1-3000/),
. ,
.

, ,
(189-193).


.

(
) . ,
, : , ,
,
.
:

, ,
 ,
 ,
 ,

192

 .
,
,

, (189-193).

,
.
, ,
.

.

( ).
,
( )
: ,
, ,
,
. ,
.
,

. ,
; , ,
.
,
-

.
,
.
,
,
.

,
. ,
()
(),
.
,

. (, , , )

193

 .
,
, , , .
(, , , ,
) .
600/ ( )
2400/ ( ).
- ,
(1).
( -
).
, ,

.
(lat. m. pectoralis major),
.
, 1
. ,
. 1
, ,


.
.
1
. ,
.
.
, ,
.

.
,
.
.
.
:
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,

194

,
.

.
. 5 10
(50%),
2 5 (75-90%) 100%.
3 5 .
100%,
105%, ,
100%,
95%.
, ,
( ), .
,
(1).
5
.

29. - (, )

,
,
.

173.

. ,

195


.
,

. ,
,
.
-

.

(SJFT).
,
.
- (SJFT) SJFT
(Special Judo Fitness Test).
(1995)
(194,195).

. .
,
( 1).
1.
1 ----------------- ----------------- 2
3m
3m
______________ 6m _______________

30. (--)

196


-- (. 30) : 15
(A) (B) (C) 30 .
10 .
.
,
(P1) (P2).
:
Index = (P1+P2)/N
N .
, .

.
(196)

.
(
)
( )
.


.
,
, ,
- .
,

.

.

197

198

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

11.
12.

13.

14.

15.

Kreamer, W.J., Gomez, A.L. (2010). Osnove razvoja fizike

forme. U: B. Foran Vrhunski kondicioni trening. Beograd: DATA
Status.
Bompa, T.O. (2006). Periodizacija. Teorija i metodologija
treninga. Zagreb: Gopal.
Malacko, J. i Rao, I. (2004). Tehnologija sporta i sportskog
treninga. Sarajevo: Fakultet sporta i tjelesnog odgoja.
Milanovi, D. (2007). Teorija i metodika treninga. Zagreb:
Kinezioloki fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu.
Milanovi, D. (1997). Teorija sportskog treninga. U: Prirunik za
sportske trenere. Zagreb: Fakultet za fiziku kulturu Sveuilita u
Zagrebu.
Schmidt, A.R. & Wrisberg, A.C. (2004). Motor Learning and
Performance. USA, Illinois, Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Reindell, H., Roskamm, H., Gerschler, W. (1964). Intervalni
trening. Zagreb: Sportska tampa.
Todd, (1985). The myth of muscle-bound lifter. NSCA Journal,
7(3), 37-41.
Kraemer, W.J., Hakkinen, K. (2002). Strenght Training for
Sports. Blackwell Science Ltd.
ustonja, Z., Jajevi, Z. (2003). Pregled razvoja kondicione
pripreme. U: D. Milanovi., I. Juki (ur.), Kondicijska priprema
sportaa, Zbornik radova, Meunarodni znanstveno-struni
skup, 33-41. Zagreb: Kinezioloki fakultet.
eljaskov, C., Daeva, D. (2002). Osnove sportskog treninga.
Sofija: Gera art.
Pedemonte, J. (1986). Foundation of training periodization Part
I: historical outline. National Strength and Conditioning
Journal, 8(3), 62-65.
Momirovi, K. (1969). Faktorska struktura antropometrijskih
varijabli. Zagreb: Institut za kineziologiju Visoke kole za fiziku
kulturu.
Kureli, N., Stojanovi, M., turm, J., Radojevi, ., Viskitalec, N. (1975). Struktura i razvoj morfolokih i motorikih
dimenzija omladine. Beograd: Institut za nauna istraivanja
FFV.
Stojanovi, M., Momirovi, K., Vukosavljevi, R., Solari, S.
(1975). Struktura antropometrijskih dimenzija. Kineziologija, 5,
1-2.

199

16.

17.
18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.
25.
26.
27.

200

Hoek, A. (1981). Povezanost morfolokih taksona sa

manifestnim
i
latentnim
dimenzijama
koordinacije.
Kineziologija, 11, 4.
Juki, I. (2003). Osnove kondicijskog treninga. Kondicijski
trening, 1,1, 4-8.
Drid, P., Obadov, S., Brati, M. (2006). Efekti primenjenog
trenanog tretmana dudoa na morfoloke karakteristike i
motorike sposobnosti uenica niih razreda osnovne kole. U
Zbornik radova Antropoloki status i fizika aktivnost dece i
omladine, 325-330. Novi Sad: Fakultet sporta i fizikog
vaspitanja.
Obadov, S., Drid, P., Nurki, M. (2006). Efekti primenjenog
trenanog tretmana dudoa na morfoloke karakteristike i
motorike sposobnosti uenika niih razreda osnovne kole. U
Zborniku radova Antropoloki status i fizika aktivnost dece i
omladine, 319-324. Novi Sad: Fakultet sporta i fizikog
vaspitanja.
Al-Hazzaa, M.H. (2007). Pedometer-determined Physical
Aktivity among Obese and Non-obese 8-to-12-year-old Saudi
Schoolboys. J Physiol Anthropol, 26, 459-465.
Godina, E., Khomayakova I., Purundzhan, A., Tretyak, A.,
Zadorozhnaya L. (2007). Effect of Physical Training on Body
Composition in Moscow Adolescents. J Physiol Anthropol, 26,
229-234.
Findak, V., Metiko, D., Mrakovi, M., Neljak, B. (1996).
Primjenjena kineziologija u kolstvu NORME. Zagreb:
Hrvatski pedagoko-knjievni zbor, Fakultet za fiziku kulturu.
Newton, R.U., Kraemer, W.J., Hkkinen, K. (1999). Effects of
ballistic training on preseason preparation of elite volleyball
players. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 31(2), 323330.
Kraemer, W., Fleck, S. (1993). Strength Training for Young
Athletes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Fleck, W., Kraemer, S. (1997). Designing resisitance training
programs. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Foran, B. (2010). Vrhunski kondicioni trening. Beograd: Data
Status.
Mero, A., Komi, P., Gregor, R. (1992). Biomehanics of Sprint
Running. Sport Medicine, 13(6), 376-392.

28.
29.
30.
31.
32.

33.
34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.
40.

41.
42.

Dintiman, G., B. Ward, T. Tellez (1997). Sports Speed.

Champaign, Il: Human Kinetics.
Bompa, T. (1999). Periodization. Champaign, IL: Human
Kinetics.
Brown, L.E., Ferrigno, V.A., Santana, J.C. (2004). Brzina,
agilnost, eksplozivnost. Zagreb: Gopal.
Armstrong, T. (2004). Pametniji si nego to misli. Beograd:
Kreativni centar.
Momirovi, K., Horge, S., Bosnar K. (1984). Prilog formiranju
jednog kibernetikog modela strukture konativnih faktora.
Kineziologija, 14(5), 83-108.
Malina, R.M., Bouchard, C. (1991). Growth, Maturation and
Physical Activity. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics Books.
Simoneau, J., Lortie, G., Bouley, M., Marccote, M., Thibault, M.,
Bochard, C. (1985). Human skelletal muscle fiber type alteration
with high-intesity intermittent training. European Journal of
Applied Physiology, 54, 250-253.
Sale, D. (1989). Neural adaptation in strength and power
training. In L. Jones, N. McCartney, and A. McComas (Eds.),
Human Muscle Power. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 289307.
Markovi, G., Bradi, A. (2008). Nogomet integralni
kondicijski trening. Zagreb: Udruga Telesno vebanje i
zdravlje.
Skinner, J.S., mcLellan, T.H. (1980). The transition from aerobic
to anaerobic metabolism. Reasearch Quarterly for Exercise and
Sport, 51(1), 234-248
Heck, H., Mader, A., Hess, G., Mucke, S., Muller, R., Hollman,
W. (1985). Justification of the 4 mM lactate threshold.
International Journal of Sports Medicine, 117-130.
Viru, A (1995). Adaptation in sport training. Boca Raton, FL:
CRC Press Inc.
Vueti, V. (2007). Razlike u pokazateljima energetskih
kapaciteta trkaa dobivenih razliitim protokolima optereenja.
Doktorska disertacija. Zagreb: Kinezioloki fakultet.
Fox, E., Bowes, R., Foss, M. (1989). The physiological basis of
physical education and athletics. Dubuque, IA: Brown.
From:http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82
%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Citric_acid_cycl
e_with_aconitate_2.svg

201

43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.
57.

202

Kovaevi, Z. (2003). Biohemija i molekularna biologija. Novi

Sad: Medicinski fakultet.
Howald, H. (1977). Objectives measurments in rowing. Minden:
Rudersport, 31-35.
Fox, E., Bowes, R., Foss, M. (1989). The physiological basis of
physical education and athletics. IA: Brown.
Ozolin, N. (1971). Sovremennaia systema sportivnoi trenirovky.
Moskow: Fizkultura i sport.
Harre, D. (1982). Trainingslettre. Berlin: Sportverlag.
Matveyev, L. (1965). Periodization of sport training. Moskow:
Fizkultura i Sport.
Karlsson, J. (1971). Muscle ATP, CP, and lactate in submaximal
and maximal exercise. Department of Physiologica and
Gymnastics, 382-391.
Jacobs, I., Esbjornsson, M., Sylven, C., Holm, I., jansson, E.
(1987). Sprint training effects on muscle myoglobin, enzymes,
fiber types, and blood lactate. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29, 368-374.
Wasserman, K., Hansen, J.E., Sue, D.Y., Casaburi, R., Whipp,
B.J. (1999). Principles of exercise testing and interpretation (III
Ed). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Goodger, K., Lavellee, L., Gorely, T., Harwood, C. (2006).
Bornout in sport: Understanding the process from early
warning signs to individualized interventions. In: J.M. Williams
(ed.) Applied Sport Psychology: Personal Growth to Peak
Performance, 541-565. New York: McGraw Hill.
Budgett, R. (2000). Overtraining and chronic fatique: the
unexplained underperformance syndrome. Int Sport Med
Journal, 1, 67-68.
Hoffman, J.R., Kaminsky, M. (2000). Use of performance testing
for monitoring overtraining in elite youth basketball players.
Strenght Condition Journal, 22, 54-62.
Mujika, I., Padilla, S. (2000). Detraining: loss of traininginduced physiological and performance adaptations: Short term
insufficient training stimulus. Sport Med, 30, 79-87.
Zatsiorsky, V.M., Kraemer, W.J. (2006). Science and Practise of
Strenght Training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Martin, D.T., Sciferes, J.C., Zimmerman, S.D., Wikinson, J.G.
(1994). Effects of interval training and taper on cycling
performance and isokinetic leg strength. Int J Sports Med, 15,
485-491.

58.

59.

60.

61.
62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.
68.

69.
70.

71.
72.

Costill, D.L., King, D.S., Thomas, R. (1985). Effects of reduced

training on muscular power in swimmers. Physician Sport Med,
13, 94-101.
Johns, R.A., Houmard, J.A., Kobe, R.W., Hortobagyi, T., Bruno,
N.J., Shinebarger, M.H. (1992). Effects of taper on swim power,
stroke distance, and performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24,
1141-1146.
Trappe, S., Costill, D., Thomas, R. (2000). Effects of swim taper
on whole muscle and single muscle fiber contractile propereties.
Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, 48-56.
Wilson, J.M., Wilson, G.J. (2009). Praktian pristup taperu ili
bruenju forme. Kondicijski trening, 7(1), 58-67.
McLester, J.R., Bishop, P., Guilliams, M.E. (2000). Comparison
of 1 day and 3 days per week of equal-volume resistance training
in experienced subject. J Strenght Condition Res, 14, 273-281.
Banister, E.W., Carter, J.B., Zarkadas, P.C. (1999). Training
theory and taper: validation in triathlon athletes. Eur J Appl
Physiol Occup Physiol, 79, 182-191.
Hickson, R.C., Foster, C., Pollock, M.L., Galassi, T.M., Rich, S.
(1985). Reduced training intensities and loss of aerobic power,
endurance, and cardiac growth. J Appl Physiol, 58, 492-499.
Thomas, L., Busso, T. (2005). A theoretical study of taper
characteristics to optimize performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc,
37, 1615-1621.
Shepley, B., MacDougall, j.d., Cipriano, N., Sutton, J.R.,
Tarnopolsky, M.A., Coates, G. (1992). Physiological effects of
tapering in highly trained athletes. J Appl Phyysiol, 72, 706-711.
Mujika, I., Padilla, S. (2003). Scientific bases for precompetition
tapering strategies. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35, 1182-1187.
Neary, J.P., Bhamabhani, Y.N., McKenzie, D.C. (2003).
Physiological effects of tapering in highly trained athletes. J Appl
Physiol, 72, 706-711.
Israel, S. (1972). The acute syndrome of detraining. GDR
National Olympic Committee (Berlin), 2, 30-35.
Friman, G. (1979). Effects of clinical bed rest for seven days of
physical performance. Ada Medica Scandinavica, 205(5), 389393.
Fox, E., Bowes, R., Foss, M. (1989). The physiological basis of
physical education and athletics. Dubuque, IA: Brown.
Harre, D. (ed.) (1982). Trainingslettre. Berlin: Sportverlag.

203

73.
74.
75.
76.

77.

78.

79.
80.
81.
82.

83.
84.

85.

86.
87.
88.
89.

204

Siff, M.C., Verhoshansky, Y.V. (1999). Supertraining. Denver:

Supertraining International.
Jakovlev, N. (1974). Biohemija sporta. Moskva.
Viru, A. (1981). Gormonalnye mehanismy adaptazii i trenirovki.
Moskva.
Verchoshanskaja, N. (1984). Skorostno-silovaja podgotovka
tennisistov primenitelno k igrovym peredvizenijam. Doktorska
disertacija. Moskva.
Verchoshanskij,
J.
(1982).
Sovershentvovanie sistemy
upravlenija podgovtovkoj sportsmenov vyssej kvalifikazii.
Prinzipypostrienijatrenirovki v godicnom cikle. Naucnaja
informacija. Moskva: Drzavni institute fizikog odgoja.
Verchoshanskij, J. (1983). Dolgovremennyj otstavlennyj
trenirovocnyj effect silovyh nagrusok. Teorija i praktika fizike
kulture, 5, 5-8.
Verhoanski, J., Verhoanskaja, N. (2005). Superkompezacija:
mit ili stvarnost? Kondicijski trening, 3(2), 13-23.
Enoka, R.M., Steward, D.G. (1992). Neurobilogy of muscle
fatigne. Journal of Applied Physiology, 72, 1631-1648.
Bompa, T. (1994). Theory and Methodology of Training.
Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
Chiu, Z.F. Barnes, J.L. (2003). The fitness-fatigue model
revisited: Implications for planning short and long-term training.
National Strength and Conditioning Journal, 25(6), 42-51.
Bompa, T. (1999). Periodization: theory and methodology of
training. Champaingn, IL: Human Kinetics
Markovi, G. (2003). Pretreniranost. U: I. Juki i D. Milanovi
(ur), Zbornik radova ondicijska priprema sportaa,
Zagrebaki velesajam, 21 i 22 veljae 2003. (str. 92-97). Zagreb:
Kinezioloki fakultet.
Stone, M.H. , Keith, R.E. , Kearney, J.T. , Fleck, S.J., Wilson,
G.D., Triplet, N.T. (1991). Overtrainig: A review of the signs,
symptoms and possible causes. J Appl Sport Sci Res, 5(1), 35-50.
Fry, R.W., Morton, A.R., Keast, D. (1991). Overtraining in
athletes: an update. Sport Med, 12(1), 32-65.
Fahey, T.D. (1997). Biological markers of overtraining. Biology of
sport, 14(1), 3-19.
Volkov, V.M. (1978). Oporavak u sportu. Beograd: Partizan
Milanovi, D., Juki, I., imek, S. (2004). Kondicijska priprema
sportaa. U: I. Juki i D. Milanovi (ur), Kondicijska priprema

90.
91.

92.
93.
94.

95.

96.

97.
98.
99.

100.

101.

sportaa, 10-19. Zagreb: Kinezioloki fakultet Sveuilita u

Zagrebu, UKTH.
Juki, I. (2003). Osnove kondicijskog treninga. Kondicijski
trening, 1(1), 4-9.
Milanovi, D., Juki, I., imek, S. (2003). Kondicijska priprema
sportaa. U: I. Juki i D. Milanovi (ur), Zbornik radova
Kondicijska priprema sportaa, 10-19. Zagreb: Kinezioloki
fakultet.
Plisk, S.S. (2010). Miina snaga i izdrljivost. U: B. Foran (ur.)
Vrhunski kondicioni trening. Beograd: Data Status.
u, D.A. (2010). Eksplozivna snaga. U: B. Foran (ur.) Vrhunski
kondicioni trening. Beograd: Data Status.
Markovi, G., Peruko, M. (2003). Metodike osnove razvoja
snage. U: I. Juki i D. Milanovi (ur), Zbornik radova
Kondicijska priprema sportaa, 187-194. Zagreb: Kinezioloki
fakultet.
oh, M. (2003). Razvoj brzine u kondicijskoj pripremi sportaa.
U D. Milanovi i I. Juki (ur.) Meunarodni znastveno-struni
skup Kondicijska priprema sportaa, 229-234. Zagreb:
Kinezioloki fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu.
Kraemer, W., Gomez, A. (2010). Osnove razvoja fizike forme. U:
B. Foran (ur.) Vrhunski kondicioni trening, 3-17. Beograd: Data
Status.
Bala,
G.
(2011).
O
sportskoj
kolici.
Dostupno:
http://www.kinesis.co.rs/i2.php?pg=58
Bompa, T. (2005). Cjelokupni trening za mlade pobjednike.
Zagreb: Gopal.
Juki, I., Milanovi, D., imek, S. (2007). Kondicijski trening
djece i mladih Razlozi i dokazi. U: 5. godinja meunarodna
konferencija KONDICIJSKA PRIPREMA SPORTAA, 15-23.
Zagreb: Kinezioloki fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu.
Miigoj-Durakovi, M. (2007). Kinantropologija bioloki
aspekti tjelesnog vjebanja. Zagreb: Sveuilite u Zagrebu,
Kinezioloki fakultet.
Faigenbaum, A.D., Kraemer, W.J., Cahill, B., Chandler, J.,
Dziados, J., Elfrink, L.D., Forman, E., Gaudiose, M., Micheli, L.,
Nitka, M., Roberts, S. (1996). Youth resistance training: position
statement paper and literature review. Strength and
Conditioning, 18(6), 662-76.

205

102.
103.

104.
105.

106.
107.
108.
109.
110.

111.

112.
113.

114.

115.

116.

206

Siegel, J. (1988). Fitness in prepubescent children: implications

for exercise training. NSCA Journal, 10(3), 43-48.
Faigenbaum, A.D., Schram, J. (2004). Can resistance training
reduce injuries in youth sports? Strength and Conditioning
Journal, 26(3), 16-21.
Bilcheck, H.M. (1989). Epiphyseal injuries in young athletes.
Strength Cond J, 11(5), 60-65.
Pitton, P. (1992). Prepubescent strength training: The effects of
resistance training on strength gains in prepubescent children.
National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal, 14(6), 5557.
Wolohan, M., Micheli, L. (1990). Strength training in children. J
Musculoskel Med, 7(7), 37-52.
Faigenbaum, A. D. (1993). Strength training: A guide for teachers
and coaches. Strength Cond. J., 15(5), 20-29.
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2001). Strength Training by
Children and Adolescent. Pediatrics, 107(6), 1470-1472.
Faigenbaum, A. (1995). Psychosocial Benefits of Prepubescent
Strength Training. Strengt Cond. J., 17(2), 28-32.
Faigenbaum, A., Zaichkowsky, L. D., Westcott, W.L., Long, C. J.,
LaRosa-Loud, R., Michelli, L. J., Outerbridge, A. R. (1997).
Psychological Effects of Strength Training on Children. Journal
of Sports Behavior, 20(2), 164-175.
Falk, B., Tenenbaum, G. (1996). The effectivness of resistance
training in children. A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 22, 176186.
Haff, G.G. (2003). Roundtable discussion: Youth resistance
training. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 25(1), 49-64.
Singer, K. (1984). Injuries and disorders of the epiphyses in
young athletes. In: M. Weiss i D. Gould (ed.), Sport for Children
and Youths, 141-150. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Payne, V., Morrow, J., Johnson, L. (1997). Resistance training in
children and youth: A meta-analysis. Research Quarterly for
Exercises and Sport, 68, 80-89.
Faigenbaum, A.D., Westcott, W.L., LaRosa-Loud, R., Long, C.
(1999). The effects of different resistance training protocols on
muscular strength and endurance development in children.
Pediatrics, 1999,104,e5.
Faigenbaum, A.D., Milliken, L.A., LaRosa-Loud, R., Burak, B.T.,
Doherty, C.L., Westcott, W.L. (2002). Comparison of 1 and 2

117.

118.

119.

120.
121.

122.

123.

124.

125.
126.

127.
128.

days per week of strength training in children. Reasearch

Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 73(4), 416-424.
Nielsen, B., Nielsen, K., Behrendt-Hansen, M., Asmussen, E.
(1980). Training of functional muscular strength in girls 7-19
years old. In: K. Berg and B. Erikson (eds.) Children and
Exercise IX, 69-77. Baltimore: University Park Press.
Weltman, A., Janney, C., Rians, C., Strand, K., Berg, B., Tippit,
S., Wise, J., Cahill, B., Katch, F. (1986). The effects of hydraulic
resistance strength training in pre-pubertal males. Med Sci
Sports Exerc, 18, 629-638.
Williams, D. (1991). The effect of weight training on performance
in selected motor activities for preadolescent males (Abstract). J
Appl Sport Sci Res, 5, 170.
Falk, B., Mor, G. (1996). The effects of resistance and martial arts
training in 6- to 8.year-old boys. Pediatr Exer Sci, 8, 48-56.
Kotzamanidis, C. (2006). Effect of plyometric training on
running performance and vertical jumping in prepubertal boys.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 441 445.
Hansen, L., Bangsbo, J., Twisk, J. i Klausen, K. (1999).
Development of muscle strength in relation to training level and
testosterone in young male soccer players. J. Appl. Physiol.,
87(3), 1141-1147.
Round, J.M., Jones, D.A., Honour, J.W., Nevill, A.M. (1999).
Hormonal factors in the development of differences in strength
between boys and girls during adolescence: a longitudinal study.
Annals of Human Biology, 26, 49-62.
Faigenbaum, A.D., Mitchelli, L.J. (2000). Preaseason
Conditioning for the Preadolescent Athlete. Pediatric Annals,
29(3), 156-161.
Guy, J.A. (2001). Strength Training for Children and
Adolescents. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg., 9(1), 29-36.
Micheli, L.J. (1985). The Prepubescent Athlete: Physiological and
orthopedic considerations for strengthening the prepubescent
athlete. Strength Cond. J., 7(6), 26-27.
Herbert, D.L. (1993). Medical, Legal Considerations for Strength
Training for Children. Strength Cond. J., 15(6), 77.
Hamill, B. (1994). Relative safety of weight lifting and weight
training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 8, 5357.

207

129.

130.

131.

132.

133.

134.

135.

136.

137.
138.

139.

140.

208

Rowland, T.W. (2005). Childrens exercises physiology. Chapter:

Responses to physical training (str. 197 - 220). Champaign, IL:
Human Kinetics.
Mandigout, S., Melin, A., Fauchier, L., NGuyen, L.D., Courteix,
D., Obert, P. (2002). Physical training increases heart rate
variability in healthy prepubertal children. Eur J Clin Invest, 32,
479-487.
Baquet, G., Berthoin, S., Dupont, G., Blondel, N., Fabre, C., Van
Praagh, E. (2002). Effects of high intensity intermittent training
on peak VO(2) in prepubertal children. Int J Sports Med, 23, 439
444.
Baquet, G., Van Praagh, E., Berthoin, S. (2003). Endurance
training and aerobic tness in young people. Sports Med, 33,
1127-1143.
Obert, P., Mandigout, S., Vinet, O., Courtiex, D. (2001). Effect of
13-week aerobic training program on the maximal power
developed during a force-velocity test in prepubertal boys and
girls. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22, 442 - 446.
Diallo, O., Dore, E., Duche, P., Van Praagh, E. (2001). Influence
of high-resistance and high velocity training on sprint
performance. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, 27,
1203-1209.
Mosher, R.E., Rhodes, E.C., Wenger, H.A., Filsinger, B. (1985).
Interval training: The effects of a 12-week programme on elite
prepubertal soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine, 25, 5-9.
Lasserre, A.M., Chiolero, A., Cachat, F., Paccaud, F., Bovet, P.
(2007). Overweight in Swiss children and associations with
children's and parents' characteristics. Obesity, 15(12), 29122919.
Wang, Y., Lobstein, T. (2006). Worldwide trends in childhood
overweight and obesity. Int J Pediatr Obes, 1(1), 11-25.
Ministarstvo zdravlja Republike Srbije (2007). Istraivanje
zdravlja stanovnika Republike Srbije, 2006-Finalni izvetaj.
Beograd: Ministarstvo zdravlja Republike Srbije.
Jakimaviciene, E. M., & Tutkuviene, J. (2007). Trends in body
mass index, prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool
Lithuanian children, 1986-2006. Collegium antropologicum,
31(1), 79-88.
Ivkovi-Lazar, T. (2004). Gojaznost [Obesity]. Novi Sad:
Medicinski fakultet.

141.
142.
143.

144.

145.

146.

147.

148.

149.

150.

151.

Bray, G.A. (2004). Medical consequences of obesity. The Journal

of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 89(6), 2583-2589.
Daniels, S. (2006). The consequences of childhood overweight
and obesity. Future Child, 16(1), 47-67.
Wabitsch, M. (2000). Overweight and obesity in Europen
children: definition and diagnostic procedures, risk factors and
consequences for later health outcome. Eur J Pediatr, 159(1), 813.
Gustafson, D., Rothenberg, E., Blennow, K., Steen, B., & Skoog, I.
(2003). An 18-year follow-up of overweight and risk of Alzheimer
disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163, 15241528.
Rosengren, A., Skoog, I., Gustafson, D., & Wilhelmsen, L. (2005).
Body mass index, other cardiovascular risk factors, and
hospitalization for dementia. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165,
321326.
Whitmer, R. A., Gunderson, E. P., Barrett-Connor, E.,
Quesenberry, C. P., Jr., & Yaffe, K. (2005). Obesity in middle age
and future risk of dementia: A 27 year longitudinal population
based study. British Medical Journal, 330, 1360-1362.
Erickson, S. J., Robinson, T. N., Haydel, K. F., & Killen, J. D.
(2000). Are overweight children unhappy? Body mass index,
depressive symptoms, and overweight concerns in elementary
school children. Archives of pediatrics i adolescent medicine,
154(9), 931-935.
Clare, C.W., Rita Y.T. Sung, Raymond C.H So, Kam-Chi Lui,
Winnie lau, Peggo K.W. Lam, Edith M.C. Lau (2005). Effect of
strength training on body composition and bone mineral content
in children who are obese. Journal of Strength and Conditioning
Research, 19(3), 667-672.
Hoffman, M.D., Sheldahl, L.M., Kraemer, W.J. et al. (1998).
Therapeutic exercise. In: Delisa JA, Gans BM, Bockenek WL, et
al. (eds), Rehabilitation Medicine: Principles and Practice, 3rd
ed, 697743. Philadelphia: Lippincott Raven.
Conley, M., Rozenek, R. (2001). Health aspects of resistance
exercise and training. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 23
(3), 9-23.
Smith, A., Andrish, J., Micheli, J. (1993). The prevention of
sports injuries of children and adolescents. Medicine and Science
in Sport and Exercise, 25, 1-7.

209

152.
153.
154.

155.

156.
157.

158.

159.

160.

161.

162.

210

Parkkari, J., Kujala, U., Kannus, P. (2001). Is it possible to

prevent sports injuries? Sports Medicine, 31, 985 - 995.
Bompa, T. (2010). Periodizacija u sportu. U: B. Foran (ur.)
Vrhunski kondicioni trening. Beograd: Data Status.
Milanovi, D., Juki, I., Vuleta, D. (2002). Planiranje i
programiranje u podruju sporta. U: V. Findak (ur.) Zbornik
radova 11. ljetna kola kineziologa Republike Hrvatske, 22-26
Rovinj.
Juki, I., Milanovi, D., imek, S., Bai, M. (2005). Teorijske i
metodike osnove odreivanja interval odmora tijekom
kondicijskog treninga. U: U: I. Juki, D. Milanovi I S. imek
(ur), Zbornik radova Kondicijska priprema sportaa), 45-68.
Zagreb: Kinezioloki fakultet.
eljaskov, C (2002) Osnovi na sportnata trenirovka. Sofija: NSA
Press.
Drid, P., Dokmanac, M. (2007). Utjecaj bazinog trenanog
programa na snagu hrvaa juniorskog i seniorskog uzrasta. U I.
Juki, D. Milanovi i S. imek (ur.) 5. godinja meunarodna
konferencija: Kondicijska priprema sportaa 2007, 331-335.
Kinezioloki fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu i Udruga kondicijskih
trenera Hrvatske.
Juki, I., Milanovi, D., imek, S. (2004). Suvremeni pristup
periodizaciji kondicijske pripreme. U: U: I. Juki i D. Milanovi
(ur), Zbornik radova Kondicijska priprema sportaa, 20-33.
Zagreb: Kinezioloki fakultet.
Juki, I., Milanovi, D., imek, S. (2004). Suvremeni pristup
periodizaciji kondicijske pripreme. U: U: I. Juki i D. Milanovi
(ur), Zbornik radova Kondicijska priprema sportaa, 20-33.
Zagreb: Kinezioloki fakultet.
Stowers, T., McMillan, J., Scala, D., Davis, V., Wilson, G.D.,
Stone, M.H. (1983). The Short-Term Effects of Three Different
Strength-Power Training Methods. National Strength and
Conditioning Journal, 5(3), 24-27.
Kraemer, W.J., Newton, R.U., Bush, J., Volek, J., Triplett, N.T.,
Koziris, L.P. (1995). Varied Multiple Set Resistance Program
Produces Greater Gain Than Single Set Program. Medicine and
Science in Sport and Exercise, 27(5), S195.
Willoughby, D.S. (1993). The Effects of Mesocycle-length Weight
Training Programs Involving Periodization and Partially Equated

163.

164.

165.

166.

167.

168.

169.
170.
171.

172.
173.

174.

Volumes on Upper and Lower Body Strength. Strength and

Conditioning Journal, 7(1), 2-8.
Baker, D., Wilson, G., Carylon, R. (1994). Periodization - the
Effect on Strength of Manipulating Volume and Intensity.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 8(4), 235-242.
Stone, M.H., Pottieger, J., Pierce, K.C., Proulx, C.M., OBrayant,
H.S., Johnson, R.L. (1997). Comparisons of the Effects of Three
Different Weight Training Programs on the RM Squat: A
Preliminary Study. Las Vegas: National Strength and
Conditioning association Meeting.
Schiotz, M.K., Pottieger, J.A., Huntsinger, P.G., Denmark, D.C.
(1998). The Short term Effects of Periodized and ConstantIntensity Training on Body Composition and Performance.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 12(3), 173-178.
Graham, J. (2002). Periodization Research and an Example
Application. National Strength and Conditioning Association
Journal, 24(6), 62-70.
Stone, M.H., OBrayant, H.S., Schilling, B.K., Johnson, R.L.,
Pierce, K.C., Haff, G.G., Koch, A.J., Stone, M. (1999).
Periodization Effects of Manipulating Volume and Intensity
Part 1. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 21(2), 56-62.
Juki, I., Milanovi, D., imek, S. (2004). Suvremeni pristup
periodizaciji kondicijske pripreme. U: U: I. Juki i D. Milanovi
(ur), Zbornik radova Kondicijska priprema sportaa, 20-33.
Zagreb: Kinezioloki fakultet.
Platonov, V. N. (1997.) Obaja toerija podgotovki sportsmenov
v olimpijskem sporte. Kijev: Olimpijska literatura.
Plisk, S.S., M.H. Stone (2003). Periodization Strategies. National
Strength and ConditioningAssociation Journal, 25 (6), 19-37.
Kuk, G. (2010). Bazino testiranje fizikih atributa sportista. U:
B. Foran (ur.) Vrhunski kondicioni trening. Beograd: Data
Status.
Bar-Or, O. (1987). The Wingate anaerobic test. Sports Medicine,
4, 381-394.
Bulbulian, R., Jeong, J.-W., Murphy, M. (1996). Comparison of
anaerobic components of the Wingate and Critical Power tests in
males and females. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 28,
1336-1341.
Klasnja, A., Drapsin, M., Lukac, D., Drid, P., Obadov, S., Grujic,
N. (2010). Comparative analysis of two different methods of

211

175.

176.

Bogdanis, G.C., Nevill, M.E., Boobis, L.H., Lakomy, H.K. (1996).

Contribution of phosphocreatine and aerobic metabolism to
energy supply during repeated sprint exercise. Journal of
Applied Physiology, 80, 876-884.

177.

Beneke, R., Htler, M., Jung, M., Leithuser, R.M. (2005).

Modeling the blood lactate kinetics at maximal short-term
exercise conditions in children, adolescents, and adults. Journal
of Applied Physiology, 99, 499-504.

178.

Bruce, R.A. (1956) Evaluation of functional capacity and exercise

tolerance of cardiac patients. Mod Concepts Cardiovascular Dis,
25, 321-326.
Viacqua, R., Hespanha, R. (1992). Introducao HistoricoPerspectiva. In: Ergometriae Reabilitaca em Cardiologia. Rio de
Janeiro, Medsi, 1-6.
Balke, B., Ware, R.W. (1959). An experimental study of physical
fitness of air Force personnel. US Armed Forces Medical
Journal, 29(4), 301-306.
Ellestad, M.D., Allen, W., Wan, M.C.K., Kemp, G. (1969).
Maximal treadmill stress testing for cardiovascular evaluation.
Circulation, 39, 517-522.
Wasserman, K., Hansen, J.E., Sue, D.Y., Casaburi, R., Whipp,
B.J. (1999). Principles of exercise testing and interpretation (III
Ed). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Barros Neto, T.L., Cesar, M.C., Tambeiro, V.L. (1999). Avaliacao
da aptidao cardiorrespiratoria. In: Ghorayeb, N., Barros Neto, T.
O Exercicio: Preparacao Fisiologica, Avaliacao Medica,
Aspectos Especiais e Preventivos. Sao Paulo, Atheneu, 15-24.
Green, S., Dawson, B.T. (1996). Methodological effects on the
VO2 -power regression and the accumulated O2 deficit. Medicine
and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28(3), 392-397.
Cheng, B., Kuipers, H., Snyder, A.C., Keizer, H.A., Jeukendrup,
A., Hesselink, M. (1992). A new approach for the determination
of ventilatory and lactate thresholds. International Journal of
Sports Medicine, 13(7), 518-522.

179.

180.

181.

182.

183.

184.

185.

212

anaerobic capacity assessment in sedentary young men.

Vojnosanitetski pregled, 67(3), 220-224.
Bernard, T., Giacomoni, M., Gavarry, O., Seymat, M., Falgairette,
G. (1997). Time-of-day effects in maximal anaerobic leg exercise.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 77 (1/2), 1333-1338.

186.

187.

188.

189.

190.

191.

192.

193.

194.
195.
196.

Bruce, R.A., Kusumi, F., Hosmer, D. (1973). Maximal oxygen

intake and nomographic assessment of functional aerobic
impairment in cardiovascular disease. American Heart Journal,
85, 546-562.
Brisswalter, J., Legros, P., Durand, M. (1996). Running economy,
preferred step length correlated to body dimensions in elite
middle distance runners. Journal of Sports Medicine and
Physical Fitness, 36, 7-15.
Antonutto, G., Di Prampero, P.E. (1995). The concept of lactate
threshold. Journal of Sports Medicine and Phyisical Fitness, 35,
6-12.
Drid, P., Ostojic, S., Vujkov, S., Purkovic, S. Trivic, T., &
Stojanovic, M. (2011). Physiological adaptations of a specific
muscle-imbalance reduction training programme in elite female
judokas. Archives of Budo, 7(2), 61-64.
Radjo, I., Mekic, A., Drapsin, M., Trivic, T., Kajmovic, H., & Drid,
P. (2011). Isokinetic strength profile of shoulder rotators and
thigh muscle torques in elite judokas and soccer players. TTEM,
6(3), 631-635.
Golik-Peric, D., Drapsin, M., Obradovic, B., & Drid, P. (2011).
Short-Term Isokinetic Training Versus Isotonic Training: Effects
on Asymmetry in Strength of Thigh Muscles. Journal of Human
Kinetics, 30, 29-35.
Drid P., Drapsin M., Trivic T., Luka D., Obadov S., Milosevic Z.
(2009). Asymmetry of muscle strength in elite athletes.
Biomedical Human Kinetics, 1(1), 3- 5.
Drapin, M., Drid, P., Luka, D., Milankov, M. (2009). Isokinetic
Profile of Elite Athletes of Vojvodina. In: M. Mikalaki (ed.)
Exercise and Quality of Life, 31-37. Novi Sad: Faculty of Sport
and Physical Education.
Sterkowicz S (1995) Test specjalnej sprawnoci ruchowej w judo.
Antropomotoryka, 12, 2944
Sterkowicz S (1996) W Poszukiwaniu nowego testu specjalnej
sprawnosci ruchowej w judo. Trening, 3, 46-60.
Franchini, E., Takito, M.Y., Bertuzzi, R.C.M. (2005).
Morphological, physiological and technical variables in high-level
college judoist. Archives of Budo, 1, 1-7.

213