1

Fluid mechanics review

Ca =

(1.1)

Model 1 : Hagen-Poiseuille flow

h3 wp h
hi
Q
1 0.630 , f or h < w
12L
w

(2.1)

Model 2 : Multiple droplets effect on hydrodynamic

resistance
P
L + nLd
=
Qtotal
KS

(3.1)

where
L is the length of the channel
n = L is the number of droplets in the channel
Ld = l

 K


1

Kd
K, Kd are constants that depends on the details of the geometry
S is the constant cross section area

Model 3 : plug + droplet + caps

d
p
2/3
P = a Lp Vp + b Ld Vd + nd c Cad
h{z
}
| wh{z } | wh{z } |
Pplug

Pdroplet

Pcaps

where
a, b are dimensionless parameters that depend on the geometry
c is a dimensionless parameter that depend on the geometry and on
subscript p means plug, subscript d means droplet
Vp is the mean velocity of the carrier fluid
nd is the number of droplets
d Vd
Cad =

Vd Vp
1/3
Cad
(f or rectangular cross section)
Vd
but for 106 < Ca < 1, the difference should remain below 6%

(4.1)

Model 4 : Electric circuit analogy

32l
d2h

(5.1)

l
A
+

(5.2)

R=
where
l is the length of the channel
dh is the hydraulic diameter
C=
where
is the material stiffness
is the adiabatic bulk modulus

L = l

(5.3)

where
is the fluid density

Parametric study : Hagen-Poiseuille flow

12L
1
i
Qh
3
h
hw
1 0.630

(6.1)

12

P
h2

Knowing that :
=

0.630 wh

i (d Ld Vd + p Lp Vp )

(6.2)

d
p = f (d , )
p

Rh =

h
w = f (h, Rh )
w
Lp
RL =
Ld

Vd Vp
1/3
Cad
Vp = f (Vd , Cad )
Vd
d Vd
Cad =
= f (Cad , d , Vd )

Therefore :
PL = f (h, Rh , RL , Vd , d , , Cad )

(6.3)

PL h2
= (, Cad , RL , Rh )
V d d

(6.4)

Parametric study : plug + droplet + caps

d
2/3
p
P = a Lp Vp + b Ld Vd + nd c Cad
h{z
}
| wh{z } | wh{z } |
Pplug

Pdroplet

(7.1)

Pcaps

Knowing that :
p = f (d , )
a = f (wh, Rh )
Lp = f (RL )
Vp = f (Vd , Cad )
Ld = f (RL )
c = f (wh, Rh , )
= f (Cad , d , Vd )
h = f (wh, Rh )
Note that for PL , the number of droplets nd is the number of droplets per unit length nd,L .
PL = f (wh, Rh , RL , Vd , d , , Cad , nd,L )


PL wh
= , Cad , RL , Rh , nd,L wh
Vd d

(7.2)
(7.3)