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Chapter 3 Job Satisfaction
Chapter 3 Job Satisfaction
1
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
5) Jan is a security officer. Jan believes that it is important to know exactly who is in the office at
any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take
lunch, which makes it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office. Jan becomes
frustrated with those employees. She makes note of them and reports them to their supervisors.
What is the behavioral component of Jan's attitude to the employees who did not sign out of the
office?
A) Jan believes that it is important that she know exactly who is in the office at any given time.
B) Jan notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they take lunch.
C) Jan finds it impossible to keep track of who is actually in the office.
D) Jan becomes frustrated with those employees who do not sign out of the office.
E) Jan notes which employees leave the office without signing out, and reports them to their
supervisors.
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 48
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
6) Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude?
A) Satisfaction with a job well done.
B) The observation that most dogs have four legs.
C) The opinion that it is never acceptable to steal.
D) Anger at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing.
E) The avoidance of a restaurant where one once received bad service.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 48
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
7) Which of these actions are the most likely to be taken by Sarah if she behaves in a way that is
inconsistent with an attitude that she holds?
A) Change the behavior.
B) Change the attitude.
C) Rationalize the behavior.
D) Ignore the inconsistency.
E) All of the above.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 48
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
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8) Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results
in ________.
A) organizational dissonance
B) cognitive dissonance
C) attitudinal clarification
D) values clarification
E) affective reactance
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
9) When there are inconsistencies between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes,
individuals will attempt to
A) increase their job-related social relationships.
B) confront their supervisor.
C) reduce their job involvement.
D) reduce dissonance.
E) increase their job satisfaction
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
10) The primary organizational implication of cognitive dissonance theory is that it helps to
predict ________.
A) overall job satisfaction for employees
B) the likelihood of a given employee engaging in impression management
C) the overall level to which the workforce will accept gender, racial or other types of bias
D) the willingness of the workforce to accept company rules and work practices
E) the inclination towards attitude and behavioral change of the workforce
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
11) The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________.
A) Maslow
B) Festinger
C) Hofstede
D) Skinner
E) Pavlov
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
16) Jo is a courier, delivering parcels throughout the metropolitan area. Although she considers
herself law abiding, she often breaks the speed limit while making her deliveries. Which of the
following statements does not reflect a likely response to the conflict between her attitude and
her behavior?
A) "It's not a problem that I speed a little bit, it's not much over the limit, and everyone else
speeds some."
B) "The speed limits are just too low around here; anyone driving at a reasonable speed will
break them."
C) "This speeding is irresponsible. From now on I am observing the speed limits."
D) "I've got to drive fast sometimes, otherwise I will not make all my deliveries and I'll lose
clients."
E) "It's wrong to break even minor laws, but I'll probably keep speeding anyway."
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
17) According to Festinger, people will seek a(n) ________.
A) variable state with variable dissonance
B) stable state with maximal dissonance
C) unstable state with maximal dissonance
D) unstable state with minimal dissonance
E) stable state with minimal dissonance
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
18) Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that workers' rights be respected, and that
one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly
documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her
company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor
are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas is likely
experiencing ________.
A) cognitive dissonance
B) unresolved anger
C) ethical evasion
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) social pressure
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
19) Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that
one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly
documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her
company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor
are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas is experiencing
cognitive dissonance. In this situation Mrs. Jonas has a(n) ________ that is in conflict with a(n)
________.
A) behavior; behavior
B) attitude; attitude
C) social need; social interest
D) social need; social need
E) behavior; attitude
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
20) Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that
one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly
documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her
company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor
are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. It is safe to say that this
wouldn't be a problem if Mrs. Jonas was ________.
A) a worker rather than a supervisor
B) working for the construction company
C) more of an ethical character
D) an undocumented worker
E) indifferent to workers' rights
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
6
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
21) Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that
one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly
documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her
company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor
are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas comes to you for
an explanation of why she is so uncomfortable. You might refer her to the theories of ________.
A) Hofstede
B) Maslow
C) Skinner
D) Festinger
E) Surber
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
22) Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that
one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly
documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her
company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor
are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas can be expected to
relieve the discomfort she is experiencing by engaging in which of the following behaviors?
A) deciding this issue is unimportant
B) rationalizing that it is not her problem since she is not the contractor
C) attempting to stop the contractor using undocumented workers
D) coming to accept that using undocumented workers does not harm workers' rights
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
23) Festinger proposed that the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by three factors
including the ________.
A) values of the elements creating the dissonance
B) degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over the elements
C) degree of positive affect the person has toward the behavior
D) fact that values and attitudes will vary over the short term
E) awareness that dissonance exists
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 50
Topic: Attitudes
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24) Which of the following is not a moderating variable of the attitude-behavior relationship?
A) direct experience
B) correspondence to behavior
C) power
D) accessibility
E) importance
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 50
Topic: Attitudes
25) The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if the attitude ________.
A) refers to something that the individual has direct personal experience with
B) must be defended against the attitudes of society at large
C) is perceived to be of little importance
D) is related to organizational structure
E) is not regularly discussed and examined
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 50
Topic: Attitudes
26) The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and
considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is ________.
A) job satisfaction
B) job involvement
C) job stability
D) organizational commitment
E) social embeddedness
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Attitudes
27) A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds
A) positive attitudes toward the job.
B) negative attitudes toward the job.
C) positive attitudes toward the organization.
D) negative attitudes toward the organization.
E) indifferent attitudes toward both the organization and the job.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Attitudes
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28) ________ refers to an individual's general attitude toward his or her job.
A) Job satisfaction
B) Job involvement
C) Job stability
D) Organizational commitment
E) Social investment
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Attitudes
29) Which of the following statements would have been most likely made by an employee with a
high degree of job involvement?
A) "My skills make me exceptionally valuable to the company."
B) "I'm a harder worker than most of my colleagues, even to the degree I am carrying some of
the lazier ones."
C) "It felt great to get promoted; I guess the guys upstairs really did appreciate the way I had
been running things."
D) "I love my job, it is engaging, well-paid, and low pressure enough that I don't have to be
always worrying about it in my time off."
E) "I enjoy working with my hands, so much so that on the days when my job requires me to
actually physically build something time flies by without me even noticing it."
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
30) In her work in the publishing industry, Vera seeks out new authors who she considers
promising. In the past two years she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought
was exceptional, and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for
submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results,
none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. Vera believes that the decision
not to publish these authors was based on personal rivalries within management, rather than the
quality of her writers' work. She is extremely frustrated, dreads coming into work each morning
and is seriously thinking of resigning. How can Vera's job attitudes best be described?
A) low job satisfaction and low job involvement
B) low job satisfaction and high job involvement
C) high job satisfaction and low job involvement
D) high job satisfaction and high job involvement
E) low organizational commitment
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
42) What can a manager do to ensure his employees perceive the organization as supportive?
A) Ensure rewards are deemed fair.
B) Allow employees a voice in decisions.
C) Provide a participative environment.
D) Provide support for employees.
E) All of the above.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 52
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
43) An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he performs
is known as
A) employee engagement.
B) job involvement.
C) loyalty.
D) job satisfaction.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 52-53
Topic: Attitudes
44) Those employees who have been described as "retired on the job" are considered
A) dissatisfied.
B) disengaged.
C) disloyal.
D) uninvolved.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 52-53
Topic: Attitudes
45) Which of the following is NOT generally found in businesses whose employees have highaverage levels of engagement?
A) higher levels of customer satisfaction
B) higher levels of productivity
C) higher profits
D) higher turnover
E) lower accident rates
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 53
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
13
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
46) "It is suggested that with a weakening of the loyalty of employers to employees (and viceversa) in today's workplace, organizational commitment may be replaced with ________
commitment."
A) family
B) occupational
C) hierarchical
D) department
E) socially stratified
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 53
Topic: Job Satisfaction
47) What are the most widely used approaches to measuring job satisfaction?
A) engagement surveys
B) a single global rating and a summation score
C) supervision and pay ratings
D) standardized job involvement surveys
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Job Satisfaction
48) Which of the following might be a typical element in a job used to measure job satisfaction?
A) nature of the work
B) supervision
C) present pay
D) promotion opportunity
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Job Satisfaction
49) Which of the following statements is NOT true about job satisfaction ?
A) More workers are satisfied with their jobs overall than are dissatisfied.
B) U.S. trends are generally applicable to other developed countries,
C) Employees tend to be most satisfied by the work itself.
D) Rate of pay is strongly correlated with job satisfaction for almost all workers.
E) Employees tend to be least satisfied with pay and promotion opportunities.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Job Satisfaction
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
50) Which major job-satisfaction facet is the one most strongly correlated with high levels of
overall job satisfaction?
A) advancement opportunity
B) pay
C) enjoying the work
D) supervision
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 55
Topic: Job Satisfaction
51) All of the following are true about pay and job satisfaction EXCEPT
A) For people who are poor, pay correlates with job satisfaction.
B) Once an individual; reaches a level of comfortable living, pay correlates highly with job
satisfaction.
C) People in the U.S. who earn $75,000 experience no greater levels of job satisfaction than
those who earn $40,000.
D) There is no relationship between average pay and average level of job satisfaction.
E) The richest people on the Forbes 400 list do not have significantly higher overall well-being
scores than Maasai herdsmen in East Africa.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 55-56
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
52) The exit-voice-loyalty framework aids in understanding the consequences of
A) pay.
B) low motivation.
C) dissatisfaction.
D) lack of loyalty.
E) low levels of employee engagement.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 56
Topic: Job Satisfaction
53) Which response is demonstrated when Joe speaks up to support his company's actions even
when the local newspaper is criticizing them?
A) exit response
B) voice response
C) loyalty response
D) neglect response
E) performance response
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 56-57
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
54) When Joe responds to his dissatisfaction with his job by discussing his problems with his
manager, he is using which response?
A) exit response.
B) voice response.
C) loyalty response.
D) neglect response.
E) performance response.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 56-57
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
55) Which responses to dissatisfaction allow individuals to tolerate unpleasant situations?
A) exit and neglect responses.
B) neglect and loyalty responses.
C) voice and neglect responses.
D) voice and loyalty responses.
E) exit and voice responses.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 56-57
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
56) When union members express dissatisfaction through the grievance procedure, this allows
them to continue in their jobs while convincing themselves they are acting to improve the
situation. Which response is being used?
A) exit response
B) voice response
C) loyalty response
D) neglect response
E) performance response
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 56-57
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
57) Which of the following is NOT a response to dissatisfaction?
A) exit response
B) voice response
C) loyalty response
D) neglect response
E) performance response
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 56-57
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
66) To focus on building a service-oriented business, companies might do all of the following
EXCEPT
A) hire upbeat, friendly employees.
B) provide training in customer service.
C) conduct external pay surveys.
D) reward customer service.
E) track employee satisfaction through attitude surveys.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 58
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
67) Which company was the focus of a study on how satisfaction directly leads to attendance?
A) Neiman Marcus
B) Southwest
C) Sears
D) Macy's
E) Four Seasons
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 58-59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
68) What did the study of Sears employees that examined satisfaction and absenteeism find?
A) Workers with high satisfaction scores had much higher attendance than those with lower
satisfaction levels.
B) Workers with high satisfaction scores had much lower attendance during snow storms.
C) Workers with low satisfaction scores had much higher attendance than those with higher
satisfaction levels.
D) There was no relationship between satisfaction and attendance.
E) Even satisfied employees will experience high absenteeism during snow storms.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 58-59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
69) Job satisfaction is negatively related to
A) turnover.
B) absenteeism.
C) customer satisfaction.
D) turnover and absenteeism.
E) turnover and customer satisfaction.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 58-59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
70) Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between satisfaction and
absenteeism?
A) There is a consistent positive relationship between the two.
B) There is a consistent, moderate negative relationship between the two.
C) There is a curvilinear relationship between the two.
D) When fairness is controlled for, there is a direct relationship between the two.
E) No relationship can be established between the two.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 58-59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
71) An important moderator of the satisfaction-turnover relationship is the ________.
A) employee's level of performance
B) organization's culture
C) management's style
D) employee's values and attitudes
E) employee's level of workplace deviance
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
72) Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) An important moderator of the satisfaction-turnover relationship is the employee's level of
performance.
B) Job satisfaction is more important in influencing superior performers to stay than in
influencing poor performers to stay.
C) Job satisfaction is more important in influencing poor performers to stay than in influencing
superior performers to stay.
D) Superior performers are more likely to remain with the organization because of other rewards
they receive.
E) All of the above.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
73) Which of the following factors is likely to impact the job satisfaction-turnover relationship?
A) labor-market conditions
B) length of time with the organization
C) expectations about alternative job opportunities
D) employee's level of performance
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
20
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
78) In a study of large employers, the text reported that ________ percent of senior managers
believe the organization treated its employees well and ________ percent of the employees
agreed.
A) 86; 55
B) 55; 86
C) 55; 55
D) 100; 100
E) 100; 0
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
79) Survey results highlighting the discrepancy between employee morale as perceived by
management and employees themselves suggests that managers need to
A) do more to improve employee morale.
B) administer salary surveys more frequently.
C) care about job satisfaction and then measure it rather than assuming everything is fine.
D) treat employee better.
E) all of the above.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
80) Which of the following statements about job satisfaction is NOT true?
A) Most of the research on job satisfaction has not been conducted in the U.S.
B) People in other cultures form judgments of job satisfaction.
C) Similar factors cause job satisfaction across cultures.
D) Pay is weakly related to job satisfaction in industrialized nations.
E) all of the above.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 60
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
81) The highest levels of job satisfaction have been reported in
A) Japan.
B) all the collectivist cultures.
C) the U.S. and western Europe.
D) western Europe.
E) most of Asia.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Page Ref: Exh 4-4
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
22
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82) Higher levels of job satisfaction have been reported in the U.S. and western Europe. This
may be because
A) individuals in western cultures need to work.
B) individuals in western cultures emphasize positive emotions.
C) there is more industrialization in western cultures.
D) individuals in western cultures are more self-critical and geared toward continuous
improvement.
E) these are collectivist societies not focused on individual happiness.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 60-61
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
83) Which of the following statements is NOT true about attitudes?
A) Managers need to focus more on keeping resignations and absences down than on employees'
attitudes.
B) Managers should be interested in their employees' attitudes since they give warnings of
potential problems.
C) Managers should be interested in their employees' attitudes since they influence behavior.
D) Measurement of overall job attitude is a useful piece of organizational information.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 61
Topic: Implications for Managers
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
84) Given that managers want to keep resignations and absences at a minimum, they should
focus on generating
A) positive job attitudes.
B) happy employees.
C) the highest pay rates.
D) the best benefit package.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 61
Topic: Implications for Managers
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
85) The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on
A) employee pay.
B) benefits.
C) work hours.
D) intrinsic parts of the job.
E) employee productivity.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 61
Topic: Implications for Managers
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86) Attitudes are evaluative statements about objects, people or events that reflect how we feel
about something.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Attitudes
87) When Sarah says "I don't like Paris Hilton", she is expressing an attitude.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
88) Attitudes are often concrete matters of fact.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 47
Topic: Attitudes
89) Attitudes and values are synonymous terms.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 48
Topic: Attitudes
90) There are three components of an attitude: cognition, affect, and behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 48
Topic: Attitudes
91) The intent to act in a certain way is the affective component of an attitude.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 48
Topic: Attitudes
92) It is often difficult to separate cognition, affect, and behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 48
Topic: Attitudes
93) In organizations, attitudes are important because they affect job behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
94) Festinger argued that behavior follows attitudes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
24
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
95) Research has concluded that people seek consistency among their attitudes but not between
their attitudes and behavior.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
96) According to Festinger, people seek consistency among their attitudes and between attitudes
and behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
97) If dissonance arises over behavior that people are compelled to take, then their propensity to
act to reduce that dissonance is reduced.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
98) The theory of cognitive dissonance seeks to explain the linkage between values and attitudes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
99) Festinger argued that individuals will seek a stable state where there is a minimum of
dissonance.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
100) If there is an inconsistency between an individual's attitude on a specific issue and his or her
behavior, there are only two courses of action availablealter the attitude or alter the behavior.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 49
Topic: Attitudes
101) Recent research shows that attitudes predict future behavior and refute Festinger's belief
about moderating variables.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 49-50
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
102) Cognitive dissonance helps to explain the linkage between attitudes and behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 49-50
Topic: Attitudes
25
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103) The desire to reduce dissonance between attitude and behavior is in general not moderated
by outside factors.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 50
Topic: Attitudes
104) If the elements creating dissonance are relatively unimportant, the pressure to correct this
imbalance will be low.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 50
Topic: Attitudes
105) If individuals perceive the dissonance to be an uncontrollable result, they will be more
motivated to reduce dissonance.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 50
Topic: Attitudes
106) Rewards can offset dissonance.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 50
Topic: Attitudes
107) The more specific the attitude and the more specific the behavior, the stronger the link
between the two.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 50
Topic: Attitudes
108) Moderating variables in the attitude behavior relationship include the importance of the
attitude, its applicability, its accessibility, social pressures, and direct experience with the
attitude.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 50
Topic: Attitudes
109) A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitudes toward the job.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Attitudes
110) Jane strongly identifies with her teaching job and regularly communicates how much she
cares about her work. She has a high level of job involvement.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Attitudes
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
26
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
111) Job involvement refers to an individual's general attitude toward his or her job.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Attitudes
112) High levels of job involvement are positively related to higher absences.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 51
Topic: Attitudes
113) An organizational commitment to remain with a company because of moral or ethical
obligations is affective commitment.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 51-52
Topic: Attitudes
114) Organizational commitment is a more global response to the organization than is job
satisfaction.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 51-52
Topic: Attitudes
115) Organizational commitment is a measure of the personal compatibility of a person and their
position.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 51-52
Topic: Attitudes
116) Organizational commitment is probably less important in predicting job satisfaction today
than it was a generation ago.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 52
Topic: Attitudes
117) Occupational commitment may be more relevant today because it better reflects today's
fluid workforce.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 52
Topic: Attitudes
118) The degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and care
and their well-being is known as employee engagement.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 52-53
Topic: Attitudes
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
119) Disengaged employees have "checked out" and have been described as "retired on the job".
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 52-53
Topic: Attitudes
120) Research has shown that people who have a negative personality are usually less satisfied
with their jobs.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Attitudes
121) When measuring job satisfaction, the research has supported the summation score approach.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 54
Topic: Job Satisfaction
122) Overall, studies over the past 30 years indicated that workers in the U.S. are generally more
satisfied with their jobs than dissatisfied.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 54-55
Topic: Job Satisfaction
123) Of the major job-satisfaction facets, the one most strongly correlated with high levels of
overall job satisfaction is pay.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 55
Topic: Job Satisfaction
124) Individuals who are more highly compensated generally have higher average job
satisfaction.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 55-56
Topic: Job Satisfaction
125) The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework helps us understand why employees are
disengaged from their jobs.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 56-57
Topic: Job Satisfaction
126) The loyalty response to job dissatisfaction involves passively but optimistically waiting for
conditions to improve.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 56-57
Topic: Job Satisfaction
28
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
127) When dissatisfied employees still remain with the organization, it might be explained by the
voice and loyalty response.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Page Ref: 56-57
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Analytic Skills
128) At the individual level, satisfaction generally leads to productivity.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 57
Topic: Job Satisfaction
129) If Marie is more satisfied with her job, we might expect her to engage in more OCBs.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 57
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
130) The evidence indicates that satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 58
Topic: Job Satisfaction
131) Dissatisfied customers can increase an employee's job dissatisfaction.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 58
Topic: Job Satisfaction
AASCB Tag: Reflective Thinking Skills
132) There is a strong negative relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 58
Topic: Job Satisfaction
133) The propensity to quit a job tends to be inversely related to job satisfaction.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
134) Your supervisor is trying to assess the degree to which those working for her are satisfied
with their jobs. You are trying to gather information from your peers that might help her in her
aim to improve job satisfaction. She will find that turnover and absenteeism are both negatively
related to satisfaction, but the correlation is stronger for absenteeism than for turnover.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3
Page Ref: 58-59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
135) Job satisfaction has greater influence on poor performers than superior performers as it
relates to turnover.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
136) Job satisfaction can affect a company's bottom line and stock prices.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 59
Topic: Job Satisfaction
137) The research has suggested that job satisfaction is a U.S. concept and other cultures do not
form judgments of job satisfaction.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 60
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
138) The highest levels of job satisfaction been reported in the U.S. and Asia.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 60
Topic: Global Implications
AASCB Tag: Multicultural and Diversity Understanding
139) Managers should be interested in their employees' attitudes because attitudes influence
behavior.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 61
Topic: Implications for Managers
140) One of the most important things managers can do to raise employee satisfaction is to make
the work challenging and interesting.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Page Ref: 61
Topic: Implications for Managers
141) Discuss the three components of an attitude.
Answer: The three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior. The cognitive
component is a value statement. Affect is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude. The
behavioral component of an attitude refers to an intention to behave in a certain way toward
someone or something. Viewing attitudes as being made up of three components helps to
understand the potential relationship between attitudes and behavior.
Page Ref: 48 and Exh 4-1
Topic: Attitudes
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142) Discuss cognitive dissonance theory and three ways in which individuals might alleviate
dissonance.
Answer: Cognitive dissonance was proposed in the late 1950s by Leon Festinger. The theory
seeks to explain the linkage between attitudes and behavior. Dissonance means an inconsistency.
Cognitive dissonance refers to any incompatibility that an individual might perceive between two
or more of his or her attitudes, or between his or her behavior and attitudes. Individuals will seek
a stable state where there is a minimum of dissonance. Individuals may change their behavior,
reduce dissonance by concluding that the dissonant behavior is not so important after all, or
change their attitude.
Page Ref: 49-50
Topic: Attitudes
143) Discuss the most powerful moderators of the attitudes-behavior relationship.
Answer: The most powerful moderators of the attitudes-behavior relationship are the importance
of the attitude, its correspondence to behavior, its accessibility, whether there exist social
pressures, and whether a person has direct experience with the attitude. Attitudes that individuals
consider important tend to show a strong relationship to behavior. The more closely the attitude
and the behavior are matched, the stronger the relationship. Attitudes easily remembered are
more likely to predict our behavior. Discrepancies between attitudes and behavior are more likely
to occur when social pressures to behave in certain ways hold exceptional power. And he
attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if an attitude refers to something with
which the individual has direct personal experience.
Page Ref: 50-51
Topic: Attitudes
144) Explain the difference between job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational
commitment.
Answer: Job satisfaction refers to an individual's general attitude toward his or her job. A person
with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitudes toward the job, while a person who is
dissatisfied with his or her job holds negative attitudes about the job. Job involvement measures
the degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his or her job and considers his or
her perceived performance level important to self-worth. Employees with a high level of job
involvement strongly identify with and really care about the kind of work they do.
Organizational commitment is defined as a state in which an employee identifies with a
particular organization and its goals, and wishes to maintain membership in the organization. So
high organizational commitment means identifying with one's employing organization.
Page Ref: 51-52
Topic: Attitudes
31
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Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall