Tuazon, Wilkenn James L.

III

BSCE-

1.) (Trumpet interchange on the Sir John A. Macdonald Parkway in Ottawa,

Ontario)

Trumpet interchanges have been used where one highway terminates at another
highway. These involve at least one loop ramp connecting traffic either entering or
leaving the terminating expressway with the far lanes of the continuous highway.
Trumpet interchanges are named as such due to their resemblance to trumpets.
The bell of a trumpet can be seen where the terminating highway begins to interchange
with the continuous highway, and the resemblance to the tubing is seen along the
connecting loop ramps.
Occasionally a third ramp can be routed around the loop instead of one of the
non-looping ramps. A vehicle will therefore diverge from the continuous highway, cross
it, turn 270 degrees left and cross the continuous highway again (or vice versa if the
ramp is for traffic turning off the continuous highway). An example of this is where
the Kingsway Tunnel terminates on the A59 in Liverpool, England - because of the steep
gradient of the tunnel approach there was insufficient space for a simple left-turning
ramp.

2.) (A typical cloverleaf interchange in Wyoming, Michigan)

Cloverleaf interchanges, viewed from overhead or on maps, resemble

the leaves of a four-leaf clover. In the United States, cloverleaf interchanges
existed long before the interstate system. They were originally created for busier
interchanges that the original diamond interchange system could not handle.
Their chief advantage was that they were free-flowing and did not require the use
of such devices as traffic signals. This not only made them a viable option for
interchanges between freeways (where such devices are typically not an option),
but they could also be used for very busy arterials where signals could present
congestion problems.

3.) (Diamond Interchange in Miami Florida)

The diamond interchange uses less space than most types of freeway
interchange, and avoids the interweaving traffic flows that occur in
interchanges such as the cloverleaf. Thus, diamond interchanges are
most effective in areas where traffic is light and a more expensive
interchange type is not needed. But where traffic volumes are higher,
the two intersections within the interchange often feature additional
traffic control measures such as traffic lights and extra lanes dedicated
to turning traffic.

4.) (Partial Cloverleaf on

Highway 407 Electronic Toll Route in Ontario)

A partial cloverleaf interchange or PARCLO is a modification of a cloverleaf interchange. The parclo

interchange was developed by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation[as a replacement for the
cloverleaf on 400-Series Highways where full grade separation is not required[removing the
dangerous weaving patterns and allowing for more acceleration and deceleration space on the
freeway.
The design has been well received, and has since become one of the most popular freeway-toarterial interchange designs in North America. It has also been used occasionally in
some European countries, such as Germany, Croatia, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United
Kingdom.

5.) (Four Level Interchange of Arroyo Seco Parkway and Highway 101,
looking north-east from Downtown Los Angeles)

The interchange was constructed as a stack interchange because

surrounding buildings and terrain made construction of a cloverleaf
interchange impractical. The construction of the interchange displaced over
4000 people from their homes and cost $5.5 million - making it the most
expensive half-mile of highway ever built at the time. ] The mainline traffic of
US 101 is at the top of the interchange, above the ramps, a rarity in stack

interchanges (although a similar configuration would later be used on

the M25 to the south of London, with the M23 passing above the ramps).