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Service-Oriented Architecture and Best Practices: Don Adams Rourke Mcnamara Tibco Software, Inc
Service-Oriented Architecture and Best Practices: Don Adams Rourke Mcnamara Tibco Software, Inc
Service-Oriented Architecture and Best Practices: Don Adams Rourke Mcnamara Tibco Software, Inc
Agenda
! What is SOA
15 minutes
! Architecture
1 hour
! Standards
45 minutes
! Best practices
45 minutes
! Q&A
30 minutes
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Productivity
Control
SOA
Deliver more
functionality
In less time
At a lower cost
Integration
Governance
Performance
Reliability
Connect new
applications to
existing IT investments
4
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
67%
Data integration
62%
59%
Service integration
Composite application development
53%
49%
46%
39%
1%
0%
Q: What are the IT/technology problems your company hopes to address using SOA?
Base: 521 (Among qualified respondents)
Source: InfoWorld Research Report: Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), March 2006
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Business Drivers
Competitive advantage
Financial
Services
Manufacturing
Transport &
Comm
Utilities
Revenue growth
Retail /
Wholesale
Healthcare
Services
Govt &
Education
Services
IT Drivers
Support dynamic business
environment
Upgrade companys IT
infrastructure
Long term cost savings
Source: IDC SOA-Based Services Buying Trends: A 2006 Survey of U.S. Companies May 2006 (sampling = 447 qualified respondents weighted by size of company )
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Source: Tutorial: How to Build a Cost Model for ServiceOriented Development of Applications, Michael Blechar,
Gartner Application & Web Services Summit, April 2005
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Proces
s
Order
Alert
Large
Order
! Increased reuse,
! Greater flexibility, and
! Greater productivity
yield
Composite
Service or Application
Place
Order
Check
Customer
Account
Credit
Credit
Check
Check
Check
Quantity
Alert
Large
Order
Event
CSR
Customer
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Issue
Invoice
Process
Order
Notify
Customer
Notify
Customer
Application Platforms
Used for SOA
61%
.NET
60%
J2EE
54%
C/C++
24%
COBOL
8%
Other Mainframe
8%
Extremely Difficult
The Challenge of
Deploying Across
Application Platforms
16%
Somewhat Difficult
73%
Don't Know
8%
3%
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
55%
41%
35%
10%
20%
34%
24%
30%
40%
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
50%
60%
! Architecture
! Standards
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SOA Architecture
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Using
Component
Using
Component
18
Some level of
standardization
Technology of access
Data semantics
Operation semantics
Service
Interface
Service
Native
Interface
Native
Interface
Provider of
Functionality
Provider of
Functionality
Traditional Object/
Component
Approach
Service Approach
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! Full-blown SOAP
! Standardize access technology, standardize data structure and operation semantics
! Provides security aspects independent of communications infrastructure
! Requires a security infrastructure, however!
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Infrastructure Services
! Building blocks that provide commonly required functionality in a
standardized way
! Exposing lower level functionality as services significantly reduces the
level of effort required to build higher level services
! Common infrastructure services include:
! Messaging Services
! Event Services
! Audit and Logging Services
! Error Notification Services
! Security Services
! Portal Services
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Local
Error
Local
Error
Log
Error
Log
Log
Interface
Error
Annunciation
Service
!Sometimes a re-usable
component (library) needs to be
provided in the users technology
and embedded
!Examples:
! Local interface for error logging
! Security intercept for access control
Event
Notification
Interface
Event
Notification
Interface
Centralized
Logging
Service
Error Display
Console
Adapter
Central
Errror
Handling
Service
Native
Interface
Error Display
Console
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! For publish/subscribe
! For intermittently connected
systems or devices
! For exactly-once delivery (e.g.
mission-critical applications)
! For high volume and scalability
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Point-to-Point Services
!Point-to-Point Services
standardize the technology
used to access operations
and represent data
Using
Component
Service
Interface
Data or
Application
Service
Native
Interface
Provider of
Functionality
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Business Services
!Business services standardize
both the semantics and the access
technology
!The standardization greatly
simplifies the reuse of the
functionality in many contexts
!This standardization also makes it
easier to construct or modify
composite business services
Using
Component
Service
Interface
Data
Transformation,
Other Logic
Adapter
Interface
Component
Adapter
Business
Service
Native
Interface
Provider of
Functionality
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Service Composites
! Service composites orchestrate the use of services to achieve some
goal
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! Access overhead
! Granularity of work must outweigh overhead
! We dont make addition into a service
! There are other ways to obtain reuse (e.g. shared code libraries)
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Specifying Services
! Common functionality used in several use cases can be packaged as a service
! The operations of the service should be documented as distinct use cases
! Same use case definitions apply
! Asynchronous event trigger (now indirect, via business use case trigger)
! Trigger initiates a chain of activity
! Activity produces a countable result
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ATM Machine
ATM Server
Bank
(selected transaction)
enter amount
(amount)
Success?
(cash)
remove cash
(removal notice)
remove card and receipt
31
Yes
Dispense Cash
invoke report funds
delivered service
print receipt and
return card
(disbursal request)
Determine Bank
and Forward
(disbursal authorization)
(dispensing notification)
Determine Bank
and Forward
(notification acknowledgement)
(card, receipt)
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
(forwarded request)
grant disbursal
authorization
(disbursal authorization)
(forwarded notificaton)
record withdrawal
transaction
(notification acknowledgemnet)
ATM Machine
validate PIN
prompt for transaction
enter amount
(amount)
(prompt)
prompt for amount
(prompt for amount)
invoke obtain
disbursal
authorization service
See dusbursal
authorization
service for
details
Success?
(cash)
remove cash
Yes
Dispense Cash
(removal notice)
print receipt and
return card
remove card and receipt
32
(card, receipt)
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See funds
delivered
service for
details
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SOA Organizational
Issues
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Data Center
Front-Office
Applications
Application
Silo
Application
Silo
Integration
and
Process
Management
Silo
Application
Silo
Communications Infrastructure
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External
Applications
Business Service
! Application silos include both the business and IT sides of the
house
! New SOA technology silos generally have no business
counterpart, and yet:
! We expect them to build reusable business services
! We expect them to orchestrate business services to build business processes and
composite business services
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Other
System
Business
Owner
Service
Business
Owner
Other
System
Business
Owner
Other
System
Users
Direct
Service
Users
Other
System
Users
Business
Process
Using
System
Using
System
Service
Using
System IT
Service IT
Using
System IT
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! Centralized approach
! One organization evaluates all service proposals and specifies services
! Limited in scalability potential bottleneck
! Appropriate for small-to-mid-size companies with centralized development organizations
! e.g. Harrahs
! Silo Approach
! Each major silo (application area) has a steering committee consisting of
! Representatives of the silo itself
! Representatives of the silos that need to interact with it
! Enterprise architects (business process and systems)
! Appropriate for large companies with distributed development
! PepsiCo, FedEx, Citigroup
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Technical Challenges
Other
System
Business
Owner
Service
Business
Owner
Other
System
Business
Owner
Other
System
Users
Direct
Service
Users
Other
System
Users
Business
Process
Using
System
Using
System
Service
Using
System IT
Service IT
Using
System IT
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Governance is Essential
! When creating a service
! To decide what ought to be a service
! Ensuring ROI
! Limiting speculative service development
! To ensure those with appropriate insight participate in specifying the service
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IT Executive Sponsor
Project Manager
Business Area
Manager
IT Area Manager
IT Area Manager
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
Application Silo
49
Business Area
Manager
Application Silo
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
SOA-related Standards
Shivajee Samdarshi
Horizontal Architecture Group
Agenda
! Standards overview
! Criteria for standards participation
! Maturity model
! Web Services standards
! Messaging standards
! Other standards
! What are we leading?
! What are we learning?
! Conclusion
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Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old French estandard
rallying point, standard, of Germanic origin; akin to Old
English standan to stand and to Old English ord point
1 : a conspicuous object (as a banner) formerly carried at
the top of a pole and used to mark a rallying point especially
in battle or to serve as an emblem
2 a : a long narrow tapering flag that is personal to an
individual or corporation and bears heraldic devices b : the
personal flag of the head of a state or of a member of a royal
family c : an organization flag carried by a mounted or
motorized military unit d : BANNER
3 : something established by authority, custom, or general
consent as a model or example : CRITERION
4 : something set up and established by authority as a rule
for the measure of quantity, weight, extent, value,
or quality
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Function: noun
1 : one that possesses, owns, or holds exclusive right
to something; specifically : PROPRIETOR
2 : something that is used, produced, or marketed
under exclusive legal right of the inventor or maker;
specifically : a drug (as a patent medicine) that is
protected by secrecy, patent, or copyright against free
competition as to name, product, composition, or
process of manufacture
3 : a business secretly owned by and run as a cover for
an intelligence organization
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Definition Summary
54
Term
Opposite
Standard
Non-Standard
Proprietary
Free
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Standards - categorization
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Maturity
Standardization
Early Adoption
Experimentation
Specification
Time
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Components of an Enterprise
SOA Infrastructure
Service Container
Service Intermediaries
Service Registry
XML Repository
Authentication, Encryption,
Authorization/Entitlements
Legacy Integration
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! Messaging Standards
! SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
! A transport-independent protocol for peer-to-peer message exchange across a network
! WS-Addressing
! Standardized addressing and routing
! Endpoint references extend the WSDL model
! Service Description
! WSDL Web Services Description Language
! A language for describing the capabilities and requirements of the service
! Policy
! WS-Policy
! Simple and extensible grammar for describing policies
! A processing model to interpret them (requires infrastructure!)
! E.g. max message size, which headers require encryption, etc.
! WS-PolicyAttachment
! Associates policy with WSDL metadata
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! WS-SecurityPolicy
! Specifies the security requirements of a service in WS-Policy form
! WS-Trust
! Protocols for requesting, issuing, and brokering security tokens
! WS-SecureConversation
! Extensions for establishing a secure context (symmetric encyption) for a series of interactions
!
! WS-Federation
! Defines mechanisms for sharing identity, account, attribute, authentication, and authorization across
trust domains
! Service Discovery
! UDDI
! Repository-based mechanism for sharing information about web services
! WS-Discovery
! Dynamic service discovery
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! Enumeration
! WS-Enumeration
! Support for data exchange involving multiple interactions (i.e. arbitrary-length lists, etc.)
! Transfer
! WS-Transfer
! Basic operations for managing entities Create, Read, Update, Delete (CRUD)
! Resource and Factory concepts
! Events
! WS-Eventing
! Subscription management for event notification, actual notification
! Management
! WS-Management
! Operations for system management
! Standards introduction
! Luis Filipe Cabrera, Chris Kurt, Web Services Architecture and its Specifications: Essentials for Understanding WS-*, Microsoft Press
(2005)
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W3C
WSDL 2.0
W3C
WS-Policy
Public Draft
OASIS
UDDI 3.0
Public Draft
WSIL
Dead
W3C
SOAP 1.2
Public Draft
WS-Eventing
OASIS
WS-Notification
W3C
WS-Addressing
OASIS
WS-ReliableMessaging
OASIS
WS-Reliability
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Specification
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OASIS
WS-Transactions
OASIS
WS-CAF
OASIS
WS-BPEL
W3C
WS-Choreography
OASIS
WS-RP 1.0
OASIS
WS-RP 2.0
OASIS
WS-Security 1.1
OASIS
WS-SecureConversation
OASIS
WS-Trust
OASIS
WS-SecurityPolicy
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Specification
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Specification / Committee
TIBCO Leadership
Reliable
Messaging
WS-ReliableMessaging
Events
WS-Eventing
Alerts/Notifications
WS-Notifications
Addressing
WS-Addressing
Security
WS-Security
Management and
Monitoring
WSDM (Distributed
Management)
Orchestration
WS-BPEL
Description
WSDL 2.0
Transport
SOAP 1.2
Transactions
WS-TX (Transactions)
Security
WS-SX (SecureExchange)
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! Features
! Ability to combine block-structured and graph-structured paradigms
! Ability to specify compensation of faulted scopes
! Event handling
! Late Binding
! Application
! B2B Public Processes
! Protocol definition with some visibility into each sides state
! Status
! OASIS Standard expected October 2006
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Workflow - maturity
BPEL
OASIS
BPMN 1.0
BPMI
XPDL 2.0
WFMC
Specification
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! Features
! Reliable messaging endpoints responsible for providing delivery assurance
! Support for At Most Once, At Least Once and Exactly Once and In Order delivery assurance
! Transport independent protocol definition
! Defines SOAP bindings for this protocol
! Support for both ACK and NAK based protocols
! Endpoint capability specified using mechanisms specified in WS-Policy and WS-Policy Attachment
! Application
! End to end reliable delivery of messages over unreliable transport
! Status
! OASIS Standard expected Q3 2006
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Messaging - maturity
JCP
JMS 1.1
WS-ReliableMessaging
OASIS
Specification
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! Features
! Notion of Binding Component (BC) and Service Engine (SE) - generically referred to as JBI
component
! Support for pluggable components from different vendors
! Concept of a Normalized Message Router that decouples BCs and SEs
! Defines packaging of JBI components and deployment of service artifacts to them
! Management interfaces for managing the JBI environment
! Application
! Build Service Engine, eg. BPEL engine
! Build Binding Component, eg. SOAP/HTTP
! Status
! Final Release August 2005
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ESB - maturity
Not even going to try ;-)
Specification
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2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Data Center
Front-Office
Applications
Application
Silo
Application
Silo
Integration
and
Process
Management
Silo
Application
Silo
Communications Infrastructure
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External
Applications
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2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Time to
Market
1st
App
2nd
App
3rd
App
4th
App
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1s
t
A
2n pp
d
A
p
3r p
d
A
p
4t p
h
A
pp
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
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Reused
Services
New
Code
Educate developers to first look for existing services before building their own
Gain developer trust in services they do not control by ensuring good quality
Choose right component boundaries and service granularity to foster reuse
Create meaningful repository of services and events across technologies
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2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Old Architecture
Technical Challenges
Data is distributed and duplicated
Lack of data consistency
Hard-coded, customized connections
Cannot achieve real time CRM
because of batch environment
Unable to make real time offers
based on guest preferences
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2. Establish effective
service governance
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Governance Questions
! Service Creation and Utilization in Projects
! How/when will potential services be identified?
! How/when will we ensure that existing services are used where appropriate?
! Service Operation
! How will the operation of the service be coordinated with dependent
applications/services?
! How will changes to services and the corresponding changes to dependent
applications/services be managed?
! How will we get that last user off the old version of the service?
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Services Governance
! Registry
! Repository
Services Governance
Centralized Policy and
Services Management
! Security
! Policy
! Services Management
Policy
Policy
Place
Order
91
Check
Customer
Account
Policy
Policy
Check
Quantity
Credit
Check
Policy
Alert
Large
Order
Policy
Process
Order
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Policy
Notify
Customer
Loosely-coupled
Loosely-coupled
Loosely-coupled
Loosely-coupled
Loosely-coupled
Loosely-coupled
Loosely-coupled
Policy
Issue
Invoice
3.Organize governance
around
your organization
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! Siloed Approach
! Each major silo (application area) has a steering committee consisting of
! Representatives of the silo itself
! Representatives of the silos that need to interact with it
! Enterprise architects (business process and systems)
! Appropriate for large companies with distributed development
! PepsiCo, FedEx, Citigroup
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4. Assign the
5 key leadership roles
for every project
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! Systems/software/enterprise architect
! Technologies supporting the business process must have an end-to-end focus
! IT executive sponsor
! Identify IT resources and resolve organizational issues
95
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
IT Executive Sponsor
Project Manager
Business Area
Manager
IT Area Manager
IT Area Manager
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
B-Team Member
IT Team Member
Application Silo
96
Business Area
Manager
Application Silo
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
5. Go beyond
request-reply
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6. Use standards
where applicable,
appropriate,
and mature
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! WSDL will not tell you the design intent of the service
! When you should or should not use the service
! Additional documentation is required!
! You probably want to control and manage the actual access to services
! Both for capacity planning and for access control purposes
! You need processes for this
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104
SOA
Homogenous
Heterogeneous
Language dependent
Language independent
Request/reply driven
Request/Reply, Pub/Sub,
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Event
Check
Customer
Account
Place
Order
Issue
Invoice
Process
Order
Credit
Credit
Check
Check
Alert
Large
Order
Check
Quantity
Notify
Customer
CSR
Customer
Portals
AJAX
Clients
Web
(Servlet)
Container
App
(EJB)
Container
Orchestration
(BPEL)
Container
.NET
Container
Rules
Container
RMI/IIOP
Transactions
Transactions
Transactions
Transactions
Transactions
Security
Security
Security
Security
Security
Management
Management
Management
Management
Management
Security
Management
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Registry
Policy
Management
Service
Management
2006 TIBCO Software Inc. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary.
Transaction
Coordinator
Business Services
Infrastructure Services
Data Services
Order
Validation
Product
Pricing
Security
Provisioning
Error
Handling
Master Data
Services
Data
Cleansing
Shipping
Distance
Calculation
Tax
Lookup
CrossReferencing
Common
Logging
Metadata
Services
Enterprise
Data Model
Enterprise Service Bus (TIBCO EMS for internal services, BW as an ESB Gateway)
Data Access
EDW
SAPBW
ERP
(SAP)
Data Access
Data Access
Data Access
Data Access
Data Access
Supply
Chain Trans.
Order
Management
Supply
Chain MFG.
Legacy
Applications
ECG
ETL (File based and Database table oriented high volume data)
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Process Integration
(TIBCO BW)
Summary
Questions?
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