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CLASS X

STATISTICS

A Pre-Foundation Program
by

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SP/Mathematics/Class-X

CH-12: STATISTICS

STATISTICS

12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.1 Introduction

12.2 Mathematical

The word statistics appears to have derived from the latin word
status meaning a (political) state. In its origin, statistics was simply the collection of data on different aspects of the life of people,
useful to the state.
Statistics deals with collection, organisation, analysis and interpretation of data. The word statistics has different meanings in different contexts.
In the second sentence, the word statistics is used as a singular
noun, meaning the subject analysis of data as well as drawing of
meaningful conclusions from the data.

12.3 Arithmetic mean of

Grouped data

In this chapter we shall extend the study of these three measures,

i.e. mean, median and mode from ungrouped dates to that of grouped
data and also we shall discuss the concept of cumulative frequency
and cumulative frequency distribution.
Statistics: The word statistics is used in two senses singular &
plural.

12.4 Arithmetic mean for

continuous frequency
distribution

Statistics is the science which deal with collection, analysis

& interrelation of numerical data.
Data : Collection of facts & figures.
Primary data : Data collected by investigator himself are called
primary data. eg. notes, lists.

12.5 Mode of Grouped Data

Secondary data : When investigator doesnot himself collect the

data but he collects the data from other sources. eg. Published
reports official statistics collected by the Government on various
facts.
Frequency Distribution : A tabular arrangement of data by
classes together with the corresponding frequencies is called a frequency distribution or a frequency table. e.g.

12.6 Empirical

Marks
Frequency

12.7 Graphical Representation

35-45 45-55 55-65 65-75 75-85 85-95

3

Frequency : The number of observations in each class is called

frequency of that class. In Table the frequency of class 55-65 is 8
and that of the class 85-95 is 1.
Class-Intervals and Class Limits : In the frequency Table 3545 is called class-interval and the end numbers, 35 and 45 are

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called class limits, the smaller number 35 is the lower class limit and the larger number 45 is the upper
class limit.
Class Boundaries : In the above table 34.5, 44.5 are called class boundaries or true class limits.
The size or width of a Class Interval : The size or width of a class-interval is the difference between
the lower and upper class boundaries.
e.g.,size = 44.5 34.5 = 10
Class Mark : The class-mark is the mid-point of the class-interval. e.g. the class mark for the interval
35-45 is

35 45 80
=
= 40.
2
2

Cumulative Frequency Table : The total of frequencies of all the previous and the given class is called
the cumulative frequency of the class e.g.
Class-intervals

Frequency

Cumulative frequency

35-45

45-55

55-65

15

65-75

19

75-85

24

85-95

25

Total

25

Central tendancy : A no. or quantity which is typical or representetive of a set of data is called central
tendency measure of this kind is known as avareges.
Measures of central tendancy or average are usually of the following types
Average
Mathematical
Arithmetic Geometric Harmonic
mean
mean
mean
(X )
(G.M.)
(H.M.)

Positional
median
(md)

mode
(mo)

12.2 MATHEMATICAL
(a) Mean (Arithmetic mean of individual observations) or ungrouped data
(i) Mean of n numbers x1, x2, x3,.........................xn is given by

x1 x 2 x3 ......... x n
n
n

il

Illustration 1
It the heights of 5 persons are 144 cm, 152 cm, 151 cm, 158 cm and 155 cm respectivly find the
mean height.

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Solution
Mean height

144 152 151 158 155 760

cm 152cm
5
5

12.3 ARITHMETIC MEAN OF GROUPED DATA OR DISCRETE

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Direct method
Short cut method
Step deviation method

12.3.1 Direct method

Mean of n observations x1, x2, x3, x4 ...........xn with frequencies f1, f2, f3......fn is given by

f1x1 f 2 x 2 f 3 x 3 ........... f n x n
f1 f 2 f 3 ......... f n
n

f x

i i

i l

where

f1 f 2 .... f n

i l

Illustration 2
Find the mean of the following distribution:
X:

f:

4
5

6
10

9
10

10
7

15
8

Solution
xi
4
6
9
10
15

fi
5
10
10
7
8
N = fi
= 40

f ix i
20
60
90
70
120
f ix i = 360

Mean
X

f x
f
i

360
9
40

X 9

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12.3.2 Short cut method of finding mean

Let x1, x2, x3, ......................xn be values of a variables x with corresponding frequencies f1, f2, f3...........fn
respectively taking deviations about on arbitrary point A

X A

1 n

fidi
N i l

Where N f i
il

The number A is generally known as the assumed mean and the method is also called assumed mean
method:
Illustration 3
The following table shows the weights of 12 students:
Weight (kg)
Number of students

67
4

70
3

72
2

73
2

75
1

Find the mean weight

Solution
Let the assumed mean be A = 72

Weight (in kg)

xi
67
70
72
73
75

We have

Mean A

Number of students
fi
4
3
2
2
1
N = fi = 12
N = 12

di = xi A
= xi 72
-5
-2
0
1
3

fidi = - 21

fidi
-20
-6
0
2
3
fidi = - 21
and

A = 72

1
fidi
N

7
288 7
281
21

72
72
4
4
4
12
= 70.25 kg

12.3.3 Step deviation method

1 n

h
f i u i

N i l

Where

h = common number
A = Assumed mean
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Illustration 4
Apply step- deviation method to find the AM of the distribution.

Variate (x) :
Frequency (f) :

5
20

10
43

15
75

20
67

25
72

30
45

35
39

40
9

45
8

50
6

Solution
Let the assumed mean be A = 25 & h = 5
Frequency
fi

Variate
xi
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Deviations
di = xi 25

20
43
75
67
72
45
39
9
8
6
N = fi
= 384

We have

ui =

x i 25
5

-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25

N = 384,

-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5

fiui
-80
-129
-150
-67
0
45
78
27
32
30
fiui = - 214

A = 25,

h = 5,

and

fiui = 214

Mean X A h f i u i
N

214
Mean 25 5

384
25 2 : 786
X

22 : 214

12.4 ARITHMETIC MEAN OF CONTINUOUS FREQUENCY

DISTRIBUTION (FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION WITH CLASS
INTERVAL)
(i) The frequency of each class- interval is centred around its mid-point (or class mark)

Class mark

upper class lim it lower class lim it

2

Illustration 5
Find the mean of the following frequency distribution.

Class Interval
Frequency

0-10
7

10-20
10

20-30
15

30-40
8

40-50
10

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Solution
Class Interval

Mid Values
(xi)

Frequency
fi

di = xi 25

5
15
25
35
45

7
10
15
8
10

-20
-10
0
10
20

0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50

ui

x i 25
10
-2
-1
0
1
2

-14
-10
0
8
20
fiui
=4

N = fi
= 50

We have
fiui = 4

A = 25,

h = 10,

fiui

N = 50

and

Mean A h f i u i
n

25 10

4
50

= 25.8
Note: We can solve this question by assumed mean method.

(i)

Mean for an Inclusive Series:

Median: Median is the value of middle item of a series arranged in ascending or descending order of
magnitudes.
(i) Median for ungrouped data
th

n 1
term
(a) If n is odd the median =
2

(b) If n is even, there are two middle terms.

n
i.e.
2

th

n
term & 1
2

th

term

th

th

n
n
term 1 term
2
median = 2
.
2
(ii)

In a contineous frequency distribution the value of the median would be in class-interval

N
C. f
Median = l 2
h
f
l = lower limit of median class
n = no. of observations
c.f = cummulative frequency of class preceding the median class.
h = class size (assuming class size to be equal)

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Median for Grouped data

Method for finding the median for grouped data
Step1: For the given frequency distribution, prepare the cumulative frequency table and obtain N = fi
Step2: Find (N/2)
Step3: Look at the cumulative frequency just greater than (N/2) and find the corresponding class, known
as median class.
Step4: Use the formula

N / 2 C. f .

Median, (Me) = l h
f

l = Lower limit of median class

h= Width of median class
f = Frequency of median class
C.f. = Cumulative frequency of the class procceding the median class
N = fi
Illustration 6
Calculate the median for the following data.
Marks obtained

Number of students

Below 10
Below 20
Below 30
Below 40
Below 50
Below 60

6
15
29
41
60
70

Class Interval

Frequency (fi)

0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60

6
9
14
12
19
10

Comulative
frequency
6
15
29
41
60
70

N = fi = 70

N = 70 (N/2) = 35
The cumulative frequency just greater than 35 is 41. and the corresponding class is 30-40.
Thus the median class is 30-40
h = 10,
f = 12, C.f. = Cummulative frequency of preceding class = 29
l = 30,

N / 2 C. f

Median Me l h

35 29

30 10

12

Ans. = 35
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12.5 MODE OF A GROUPED DATA

Ex.

Mode : It is value of variate which occurs most often.

More precesely mode is that value of variable at which the concentration of data is maximum.
It is not necessary that in a series there must be only one mode. A distribution having only one mode is
called unimodal, having two, bimodal and more than two multi modal.
Modal class: In a frequency distribution the class having maximum frequency is called modal class.
(i) The set of numbers 2, 3, 4, 7, 4, 5, 4, 9, 4 has mode 4 as it occurs the maximum number of times.
(ii) The set of numbers 5, 7, 6, 9, 1, 2 has no mode, as no number occurs more number of times than the
other numbers.
Modal Class: In a frequency distribution, the class having maximum frequency is called the modal class.
Formula for calculating mode:

f1 f 0
Mode l
h
2 f1 f 0 f 2
l
= Lower limit of the modal class interval
f 1 = Frequency of the modal class
f 0 = Frequency of the class preceding the modal class
f 2 = Frequency of the class succeeding the modal class
h = Width of the class Interval
Illustration 7

Height (In Cm)

No. of Students

160-162
15

163-165
118

166-168
142

169-171
127

172-174
18

Find the average height of maximum number of students.

Solution
We have to find the mode of the data. The given data is an inclusive series. So we convert it to an
exclusive form.
Class

Frequency

159.5 - 162.5
162.5 - 165.5
165.5 - 168.5
168.5 - 171.5
171.5 - 174.5

15
118
142
127
18

The class 165.5 - 168.5 has maximum frequency. So it is the modal class.
f1 = 142,
f0 = 118
f2 = 127,
l = 165.5,

&

h=3

f1 f 0
Mode = l 2 f f f h
2
1 0

142 118
165.5 3

2 142 181 127

= 165.5 + 1.85 = 167.35
Mode = 67.35 Cm.
Hence the average height of maximum number of is 167.35 Cm.

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12.6 EMPIRICAL
Relationship between mean, median & mode
Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

12.7 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Graphical Representation : Many types of graphs are employed in statistics, depending upon the
nauture of the data involved. Among these are
(i) Bar chart (or Bar graph)
(ii) Histograms
(iii) Frequency Polygon
(iv) Cumulative Frequency Curve (Ogive)
(v) Pie chart (or Pie graph or Pie Diagrams)
Cumulative frequency Curve (Ogive) : An ogive is the graphical representation of cumulative frequency
distribution. We can construct two types of ogives. The first form is less than ogive and the second is
more than ogive.
In the less than method we start with the upper limit of the classes and go on adding the frequencies.
When these are plotted, we get a rising curve.
In the more than method we start with the lower limit of the classes and from the total frequencies we
subtract the frequency of each class. When these are plotted, we get declining curve, e.g.
The less than method: In this method the Ogive is cumulated upward. Scale the cumulative frequencies
along the y-axis, and exact upper limits along the x-axis. The scale along the y-axis should be such as may
accommodate the total frequency.
Procedure:
Step1: Form the cumulative frequency table.
Step2: Mark the actual upper class limits along the x-axis.
Step3: Mark the cumulative frequencies of respective classes along the y-axis.
Step4: Plot the points (upper limits, corresponding cumulative frequency).
To complete the ogive we also plot the point (lower limit of the lowest class, 0).
Step5: Join these points by a smooth curve.
The curve so obtained is the required ogive.
Illustration 8
Draw a cumulative frequency curve (Ogive) for the following data.
Age (in years)
Number of patients

0-10
15

10-20
12

20-30
8

30-40
20

Solution
When nothing is mentioned then we will draw the less than curve. The cumulative frequency table is as
given below.
Age (in years)
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40

Number of patients
15
12
8
20

Cumulative frequency
15
27
35
55

Upper class limits:

10
20
30
40
Cumulative frequency:
15
27
35
55
Plotting the points (10, 15), (20, 27), (30, 35), (40, 55) and joining them by a free hand curve we get the
ogive as shown in figure. To complete it, we join the curve to the point (lower limit of the lowest class, 0),
i.e (0,0).

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Note: If we join the points by straight lines instead of by means of a free-hand, we get what is called a
cumulative Frequency polygon.
The more than method. In this method the ogive is cumulated downward. Scale the cumulative
frequencies along the y-axis and the exact lower limits along the x-axis.
Procedure:
Step1: Scale the cumulative frequencies along the Y-axis and the actual lower limits along the X-axis.
Step-2: Plot the ordered pairs (lower limit, corresponding cumulative frequency).
To complete the ogive we also plot the ordered pair (upper limit of the highest class, 0)
Step3: Join these plotted points by a smooth curve.
The curve so obtained is the required ogive.
Illustration 9
Draw a more than ogive from the following distribution.
Marks obtained
No. of condiadates

0-9
4

10-19
6

20-29
7

30-39
5

40-49
10

50-59
3

Solution
We write the given distribution using actual limits as under:
Marks obtained
No. of condiadates

-0.5-9.5
4

9.5-19.5
6

19.5-29.5
7

29.5-39.5
5

39.5-49.5
10

49.5-59.5
3

For more than ogive we convert it to cumulative frequency distribution as under

Marks

Frequency Plotting Points

. .

35
30
25

(0.5, 35)

9.5 or more

31

(9.5, 31)

19.5 or more

25

(19.5, 25)

29.5 or more

18

(29.5, 18)

20
15

39.5 or more

13

(39.5, 13)

10

49.5 or more

(49.5, 3)

more than 59.5

(59.5, 0)

0.5

(9.5, 31)

(19.5, 25)

(29.5, 18)

(39.5, 13)

ve
gi

( 0.5, 35)

no
ha

35

et
or
M

0.5 or more

..

(49.5, 3)
(59.5, 0)

9.5

19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5

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Solved Examples
Example 1
Find the value of p, if the mean of the following distribution is 7.5
x:
f:

3
6

5
8

7
15

9
p

11
8

13
4

Solution
Calculation of Mean

xi
3
5
7
9
11
13

fi
6
8
15
p
8
4
N = fi = 41 + p

fixi
18
40
105
9p
88
52
fixi = 303 + 9p

We have fi = 41 + p, fixi = 303 + 9p

fi x i
Mean = f
i
303 9p
7.5 41 p

7.5 (41 + p) = 303 + 9p

307.5 + 7.5p = 303 + 9p
9p 7.5p = 307.5 303 1.5p = 4.5 p = 3
Example 2
The following tables gives weekly waves in ruppes of workers in a ceratin commerical organization.
The frequency of class 4952 is missing. It is known that the mean of the frequency distribution is
47.2. Find the missing frequency
Weekly wages
(Rs.)
Number of
workers

40-43

43-46

46-49

49-52

52-55

31

58

60

27

Solution
Let the missing frequency be f, the assumed mean by A = 47 and h = 3.
Calculation of Mean
Classintervals
40-43
43-46
46-49
49-52
52-55

Mid-values
(fi)
(xi)
41.5
31
44.5
58
47.5
60
50.5
f
53.5
27
N = fi = 176 + f

di = xi47.5
6
3
0
3
6

ui

x i 47.5
fiui
3
2
62
1
58
0
0
1
f
2
54
fiui = f 66

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We have,

X 47.2, A 47.5 and h 3

X A h f i u i
N

f 66

47.2 47.5 3
176 f

f 66

0.3 3
176 f
f 66

0.3 3
176 f
1 f 66

10 176 f
176 f = 10f 660
11f = 484 f = 44
Hence, the missing frequency is 44.

Example 3
The median of the following data is 525. Find the values of x and y, if the total frequency is 100.
Class intervals
0-100
100-200
200-300
300-400
400-500
500-600
600-700
700-800
800-900
900-1000

Frequency(f)
2
5
x
12
17
20
Y
9
7
4

Solution
Computation of Median
Class intervals
0-100
100-200
200-300
300-400
400-500
500-600
600-700
700-800
800-900
900-1000

Frequency(f)
2
5
x
12
17
20
Y
9
7
4

Cumulative frequency (f)

0
7
7 +x
19 +x
36 +x
56 +x
56 +x + y
65 +x + y
72 +x + y
76 +x + y
Total = 100
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We have
N = fi = 100
76 + x + y = 100 x + y = 24
It is given that the median is 525. Clearly, it lies in the class 500 600.
l = 500, h = 100, f = 20, F = 36 + x and N = 100
Now,
Median l

525 500

N/ 2F
h
f

50 (36 x)
100
20

*****

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EXERCISE-I
1.

If the mean of the following distribution is 6, find the value of p.

2
3

x
f
2.

4
2

6
3

p +5
2

10
1

The weekly observations on cost of living index in a certain city for the year 2005-2006 are given below.
Compute the mean weekly cost of living index.

Cost of living Index No. of weeks

140150
5
150160
10
160170
20
170180
9
180190
6
190200
2
Total

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

52

Find the median for the following frequency distribution:

Class interval

08

816

1624

2432

3240

4048

Frequency

10

16

24

15

Find the missing frequencies in the following frequency distribution table, if N = 100 and median is 32.
Marks

010

1020

2030

3040

4050

5060

Total

Number of students

10

25

30

10

100

Mode
Calculate the mode for the following frequency distribution:
Class

010

1020

2030

3040

1050

5060

6070

7080

Frequency

12

28

20

10

10

The mode of the following series is 36. Find the missing frequency in it.
Class interval

010

1020

2030

3040

4050

5060

6070

Frequency

10

16

12

Following is the age distribution of a group of students. Draw the cumulative frequency curve of less than
type and hence obtain the median value.

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Age (in years)

45
56
67
78
89
910
1011
1112
1213
1314
1415
1516
8.

CH-12: STATISTICS

Frequency
36
42
52
60
68
84
96
82
66
48
50
16

For the following frequency distribution, draw a cumulative frequency curve of more than type and hence
obtain the median value.
Class interval

010

1020

2030

3040

4050

5060

6070

Frequency

15

20

23

17

11

EXERCISE-II
1.

Find the mean marks of students from the following comulative frequency table:

Marks

No of students

0 and above

80

10 and above

77

20 and above

72

30 and above

65

40 and above

55

50 and above

43

60 and above

28

70 and above

16

80 and above

10

90 and above

100 and above

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2.

Find the mean marks of students from the following data:-

f
5
9
17
29
45
60
70
78
83
85

Marks
Below 10
Below 20
Below 30
Below 40
Below 50
Below 60
Below 70
Below 80
Below 90
Below 100
3.

Compare the modal ages of two groups of students appearing for an entrance examination.

Age (in years) 1618

50
Group A
54

Group B
4.

0-8
8

8-16
10

140-145
12

78

46

28

23

89

40

25

17

16-24
x

24-32
24

32-40
y

40-48
7

145-150
10

150-155
8

155-160
9

160-165
6

165-170
7

170-175
1

100-150
4

150-200
5

200-250
12

250-300
2

300-350
2

Find the mode and the mean of the data give above compute and interpert the two measures of central
tendency.
Find the mean of the following data
Marks obtained
No. of students

8.

2426

Draw both the ogives for the above data and hence obtain the median height of the students.
The table below shows the daily expenditure on food of 25 households in a locality
Daily expenditure (In Rs.)
No. of households

7.

2224

A survey regarding the heights (In cm) of 50 boys of a class was conducted and the following data was
obtained
Height (In cm)
No. of boys

6.

2022

The median of the following data is 26. Find the value of x and y it the total frequency is 80
Class Interval
Frequency

5.

1820

Less than 10
7

Less than 20
19

Less than 30
32

Less than 40
42

Less than 50
50

Using a graph paper, draw an Ogive for the following distribution which shows a record of the weight in
kilogram of 200 students.
Weight
Frequency

40-45
5

45-50
17

50-55
22

55-60
45

60-65
51

65-70
31

70-75
20

75-80
9

Use the ogive to estimate the following:

(i) The percentage of students weighing 55 kg or more;
(ii) The weight above which the heaviest 30% of the students fall;
(iii) The number of students who are;
(iv) Under weight (2) over weight, if 55.70 kg is considered as the standard weight.
PAGE # 17

SP/Mathematics/Class-X

9.

CH-12: STATISTICS

Find the missing frequencies in the following distribution if it is known that the mean of the distribution is
1.46.
Number of
accidents(x):
Frequency(f):

Total

46

25

10

200

EXERCISE-III

1.
2.

3.

4.

SECTION-A
Multiple choice question with one correct answers
The cumulative frequency distribution is represented by:
(A) Ogive
(B) Bar diagram
(C) Logistic curve
(D) Histogram
If a set of data has zero as an observation, then which one of the following is NOT an appropriate measure
of central tendency?
(A) Arithmetic mean
(B) Geometric mean
(C) Median
(D) Mode
A, B, C are three sets of values of x:
A; 2, 3, 7, 1, 3, 2,3
B: 7, 5, 9, 12, 5, 3, 8
C: 4, 4, 11, 7, 2, 3, 4
Select the correct statement from among the following
(A) Mean of A is equal to Mode of C
(B) Mean of C is equal to Median of B
(C) Median of B is equal to Mode of A
(D) Mean, Median and Mode of A are same
The mean of the values of 1, 2, 3,................n with respective frequencies x, 2x, 3x....., nx is:
(A)

5.
6.

2n 1
6

(C)

n
2

(D)

2n 1
3

n 1 2n 1
,
2
3

(B)

n 1 2n 1
,
2
3

n 1 2n 1
,

3
2

(C)

(D)

n 1 2n 1
,
2
3

The number of observation in a group is 40. If the average of first 10 is 4.5 and that of the remaining 30 is
3.5, then the average of the whole group is:
(A)

8.

(B)

If the variate is of discrete type, then the frequency distribution can be respresented by:
(A) A scatter diagram
(B) A bar diagram
(C) A histrogram
(D) A pie diagram
Find the simple and weighted mean of the first n natural numbers, the weights being the corresponding
numbers:
(A)

7.

n 1
2

1
5

(B)

15
4

(C) 4

(D) 8

The median of a set of 9 distinct obervations is 20.5. If each of the largest 4 observation of the set is
increased by2, then the median of the new set:
(A) Is increased by 2
(B) Is decreased by 2
(C) Is two times the original median
(D) Remains the same as that of the original set

PAGE # 18
A Pre-Foundation Program

SP/Mathematics/Class-X

CH-12: STATISTICS

9.

If the mean of x1 and x2 is M1, and that of x1, x2, x3, x4 is M2, the mean of ax1, ax1. x3/a, x4/a is
(A)

M1 M 2
2

(C)

1
a 2 1 M1 2M2
2a

(B)

aM1 M 2 / a
2

(D)

1
2 a 2 1 M1 2M2
2a

10. If a frequency distribution for the number of persons x in a household is prepared with class intervals as
(1-4), (5-8), (9-12), etc., then the number of persons x belonging to class interval (5-8) satisfies.
(A) 5 x 8
(B) 5 x 8
(C) 5 x 8
(D) 5 x 8
11. In a histogram heights of rectangles are:
(A) Always proportional to the frequencies of the classes
(B) Proportional to the frequency densities if the classes of distributions are not of equal size
(C) Always proportional to the cumulative frequencies of the classes
(D) Prportional to the cumulative frequencies only when classes of distribution are of equal size
12. Arithmetic mean of n observations is m. If two observations 0 and m are added, then the new mean will be:
(A) m

(B)

m
n 1

nm
n 1

(C)

(D)

n 1m
n2

13. For a symmetric distribution, the empirical relationship between mean, median and mode is:
(A) Mean > Median > Mode
(B) Mean = Median + Mode
(C) Mode - Mean = 3 (Median - Mean)
(D) Mean - Mode = 3 (Mean- Median)
14. In a histogram with equal class intervals, heights of bars are proportional to:
(A) Mid - value of the classes
(B) Frequencies of respective classes
(C) Cumulative frequency of the classes
(D) Class interval of the classes
15. The median of the following incomplete frequency distribution is 4

x
Frequency

1
2

2
3

3
4

4
1

5
2

6
4

7
2

8
-

The frequency of 8 is:

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
16. The mid value of a class interval is 42. If the class size is 10, then the upper and lower limits of the class are:
(A) 47 and 37
(B) 37 and 47
(C) 37.5 and 47.5
(D) 47.5 and 37.5
17. The mode of the given distribution is:

Weight (in kg)

Number of children
(A) 40

40
5
(B) 46

43
8

46
16

49
9
(C) 55

52
7

55
3
(D) None of these

SECTION-B

Assertion & Reason

Instructions: In the following questions as Assertion (A) is given followed by a Reason (R). Mark your
responses from the following options.
(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion
(B) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
(D) Assertion is false but Reason is true
PAGE # 19

SP/Mathematics/Class-X

1.

2.
3.

CH-12: STATISTICS

Assertion: The montly salaries of four persons are Rs. 10,000, Rs. 10,500, Rs. 11,000 and Rs. 12,000.
The arithmetic mean is typical of their salaries.
Reason: Arithmetic mean is strongly affected by extreme values.
Assertion:The most accurate graphical representation of statistical data is by means of ogives.
Reason: Because cumulative frequencies are represented in it.
Assertion:The mean of x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, and x9 which are in an arithmetic progression is x5.
Reason:Mean is always the middle most observation if the data are in an
SECTION-C

Match the following (one to one)

Column-I and column-II contains four entries each. Entries of column-I are to be matched with some
entries of column-II. Only One entries of column-I may have the matching with the same entries of columnII and one entry of column-II Only one matching with entries of column-I

1.

Column I

Column II

(A) The direct method

(P)

Xa

f u
f
i

(Q)

f1 f0
l
xh
2f1 f 0 f 2

(C) Mode

(R)

N
c. f
l 2
f

(D) Median

(S)

(B) Step deviation method

f x
f
i

2.

Class Interval
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Frequency
7
10
12
13
8
4

Column I
The actual class limits of the fourth class
The class boundries of the sixth class
The class mark of the third class
The size of the third class

(P)
(Q)
(R)
(S)

Column II
5
44.5 - 49.5
54.5 - 59.5
42

PAGE # 20
A Pre-Foundation Program

SP/Mathematics/Class-X

CH-12: STATISTICS

Answers
EXERCISE-I
1.
3.
4.
6.

P=7
26
b1 = 9, b2 = 16
10

2.
7.
5.

166.35
35
46.67

EXERCISE-II
1.
3.
4.
6.

7.
8.
9.

51.75 marks
2. 48.41 marks
Modal A group = 18.93, B group = 18.83 (A group > B group)
x = 16, y = 15
5. 151.88 cm.
Mode = Rs. 220.59, Mean = Rs. 211.00
Mean and mode use very close to each other. Maximum number of households spend Rs. 220.59 per
day while average per day expenditure of a household of Rs. 211.00
25 marks.
(i) = 78% (ii) 45, 154
p = 11

EXERCISE-III
1.
6.
11.
16.

1.
1.
2.

(A)
(C)
(A)
(A)

2.
7.
12.
17.

(D)
(B)
(A)
(B)

SECTION-A
3.
(D)
8.
(D)
13.
(C)

4.
9.
14.

(D)
(B)
(B)

5.
10.
15.

(B)
(B)
(A)

SECTION-B
(C)
2.
(A)
3.
(C)
SECTION-C
(A) - (S), (B) - (P), (C) - (Q), (D) - (R)
(A) - (Q), (B) - (R), (C) - (S), (D) - (P)

PAGE # 21

SP/Mathematics/Class-X

CH-12: STATISTICS

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A Pre-Foundation Program