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Fluid Mechanics Exp Impact OfJet2016
Fluid Mechanics Exp Impact OfJet2016
EVALUATION
Activity During Experiment & Procedure
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35 %
30 %
5%
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1.
Introduction
In this experiment, the force generated by a jet of water will be measured as it strikes a flat
plate or a hemispherical cup, and compare the results with the computed momentum flow rate
in the jet.
2.
terminating in a tapered nozzle. This produces a jet of water which impinges on a vane in a
form of a flat or a hemispherical cup. The nozzle and the vane are contained within a
transparent cylinder at the base of the cylinder where there is an outlet by which the flow may
be directed to the weighing tank.
The vane is supported by a lever which carries a jockey weight, and which is restrained by
a spring. The lever may be set to a balance position (as indicated by the tally suspended on it)
by placing the jockey weight at its zero position, and adjusting the knurled nut above the
spring. Any force generated by the impact of the jet on the vane may now be measured by
moving the jockey weight along the lever until the tally shows that the lever has been restored
to its original balance position.
3.
Description of Apparatus
Figure 2 shows the arrangement, in which water supplied from Hydraulic Bench is fed to a
vertical pipe terminating in tapered nozzle. Consider a symmetrical vane about the x-axis as
shown in Fig.2. A jet of fluid flowing at the rate of m (kg/s) along the x-axis with velocity
u 0 (m/s) strikes the vane. Because of the vane, flow is deflected through angle so that the
fluid leaves the vane with velocity u1 (m s) as shown. For convenience, changes in elevation
and also changes in piezometric pressure (in the jet) from striking the vane to leaving it are
neglected.
The rate at which momentum in the x direction entering the system is mu0 (kg. m s 2 ) . The
F mV mV
x
out
in
(1)
FP mu0 N
(2)
Which is independent of u1 .
For the case of hemispherical cup, we may assume that 180 , so cos 1 and
Fh m u0 u1 N
(3)
Since changes in the piezometric pressure and elevation are neglected, the maximum value of
u1 can be u 0 (where there is no energy loss) so that the maximum possible value of the force
Fh 2mu0 N
(4)
= 10 mm
0.600 kg
0.150 m
= 35 mm=0.035 m
=0.600 9.81=5.89 N
When it is moved a distance y (m) from its zero position, the corresponding force Fw (N)
on the vane is obtained by taking moments about the pivot, as:
L Fw W y
0.150 FW 0.6 g y
FW 4 gy
The mass flow rate is calculated as
m uA kg s
Where the velocity u (m s) at the exit of the nozzle is given by:
(5)
u0
m
A
(6)
The velocity u1 m s , of the jet as it strikes the vane, is less than the velocity u0 m s at the
exit of the nozzle because of the deceleration due to gravity, and u 0 may be calculated from
the expression
u12 u02 2 gS
(7)
(8)
Recorded values of quantity collected, measured time, and jockey displacement y should be
presented in Table 1 and Table 2, together with the ensuing calculations.
Table 1 Results for flat plate
Mass of
Water(kg)
u0
u1
FP
Fw
(s)
(mm)
(kg/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
(N)
(N)
5.
u0
u1
Fh
Fw
(s)
(mm)
(kg/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
(N)
(N)