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Diaphragm Shear Connectors
Diaphragm Shear Connectors
Diaphragm Shear Connectors
SHEAR CONNECTORS
BETWEEN FLANGES OF
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
T-BEAMS
William J. Venuti
San Jose State College
San Jose, California
FLANGE JOINTS
^{--
/^_ REBAR.
IN.
FLANGE
\\
I\
WELD BAR
GROUT
POCKET
FLANGE JOINTS
REBAR. IN
FLANGE ^^JJ
WELD PLATE
__
LOA D
C.
A^
SECTION A-A
I
'w -t
BI
t6
TIE BAR
--
SECTION
C-C
ANCHOR PLATE
ELEVATION
SECTION B-B
specimens B, D, E, F, G and H.
All grout pockets were 5 in. long.
TEST RESULTS
No. of
specimens
Bar
size
no.
1 to 10
A
B
C
D
M
N
KK
LL
10
3
1
3
1
3
3
3
1
4
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
Slab
thickness
in.
30
G
H
Angle
a
deg.
2
2
21/2
2
21
2
21/2
2*
21/2*
45
30
30
60
60
45
45
45
45
2
21/2
30
30
2
21/2
30-60
30-60
1
4
5
3
1
^2
E
F
4
4
4
5
load and largest deformation at ultimate (0.16 in.). Among the specimens
with 2-in, slabs, specimens F (connection similar to E) had the highest
average ultimate load. However, the
average increase in shear strength
for F was only 8 percent over that of
the E specimens.
Similarly, the 14,500 lb. average
ultimate load for specimens M when
compared with specimens 1 to 10
indicates that an increase in slab
thickness from 2 to 2 1/2 in. does not
effectively increase the ultimate capacity of the connector. On the other
hand, embedment bar size plays a
February 1970
No. of
specimens
Slab
thickness
in.
Bar
size
no.
Angle
a
deg.
OG
A
B
C
D
KK
LL
3
1
3
1
3
1
4
5
4
5
4
5
2
21/2
2
21/2
2*
21/2*
30
30
60
60
45
45
G
H
3
1
4
5
2
2V2
30
30
2
2V2
30-60
30-60
12
E
F
4
4
4
5
12
PCI Journal
1 to 10
A
B
C
D
M
N
KK
LL
10
3
1
3
1
3
3
3
1
2
2
21/2
2
21/2
4
4
5
4
5
21/2
2*
2*
5
4
21/2
30
G
H
14,500
14,500
24,000
14,800
21,000
14,500
22,000
53,200
59,300
0.16
0.10
0.18
0.14
0.14
0.11
0.15
15,000
22,000
0.13
0.20
24,000
26,000
0.16
0.17
1
2
21/z
3
1
4
5
12
30
E
F
4
4
60
a..
2
2
4
5
bar was of adequate length to prevent any failure by pullout. However, in one A specimen and one G
specimen, final failure occurred due
to pullout of the embedment bar. In
these slabs, the angle of bend of the
embedded bar from edge of slab was
30 deg. In some tests the embedment
bar ruptured due to excessive final
deformations (over 0.4 in.). This was
assumed to be due to the cold working and welding of the intermediate
plate to the bar at the bend.
It was observed that most of the
February 1970
Specimen B
Specimen C
Specimen E
Specimen G
PCI Journal
30
M,N 150
U)
20
C,D
0
J
10
nK
1n
_20
1K
_2K
^5
.11C
DEFORMATION (IN.)
General.
1. Working stresses in flanges
have no significant effect on the
shear strength of diaphragm connectors.
2. Shear failures in the connection are due to yielding of the embedded bar and in-line crushing
failure of the concrete arising
from bearing stresses of the embedded reinforcing bars.
3. Pull-out failure of the embedded bar should not occur if bar
is clean and concrete is adequately vibrated.
4. A 346 x 3-in, weld on each side
February 1970
Type A connectors.
1. The horizontal shear capacity of a standard Type A diaphragm connector (No. 4 bar at 45
deg.) in a 2- or 2-in, slab is approximately 14,500 lb.
2. The horizontal shear capacity of a standard diaphragm connector in a 2-in, flange spaced on
4-ft. centers, with a 2-in, topping,
is approximately 53,000 lb. In a
21/z-in, slab with a 2-in, topping,
the value can be taken as 59,000
lb.
3. A change in angle from the
standard 45 deg. used in the diaphragm connector does not signifi75
Specimen B
Specimen A
Specimen C
Specimen G
PCI Journal
6o
50
L
K
40
C')
a
0
0
J
30
5,^
20
10
.05
.10
.15
.25
.20
.30
.35
.40
DEFORMATION (IN.)
Slab Embedthickment
ness bar size
no.
in.
Shear
Average deformaultimate tion at
load
ult. load
lb.
in.
OC
A
B
C
D
KK
LL
3
1
3
1
3
1
2
21/2
2
21/2
2*
21/2*
4
5
4
5
4
5
24,000
30,000
21,000
25,000
59,000
55,000
0.13
0.23
0.13
0.24
0.17
0.23
G
H
3
1
2
21/2
4
5
24,000
33,000
0.14
0.17
36,000
40,000
0.12
0.22
12/2
E
F
4
4
2
21/2
4
5
stressed Concrete Manufacturers Association of California, Inc., co-sponsors of this research work, for its
generous award of a PCI Graduate
Fellowship. The Fellowship recipient, Mr. David Nazarian, conducted
all of the laboratory testing.
Discussion of this paper is invited. Please forward your discussion to PCI Headquarters
by Oct. 1 to permit publication in the December 1970 issue of the PCI JOURNAL.
78
PCI Journal