McDer_OSmaps_1310 1

9/26/13 4:40 PM

WORLDWIDE OFFSHORE MOORING TRENDS (As of September 2013)

DESIGN & OPERATIONAL ISSUES

1 OTC 24214
2013 SEVAN MARINE
2 OTC 23814-MS 2012 HEIDEMAN / BLUEWATER
3 OMAE2011-49855 2011 SOFEC/DELFT UNIVERSITY
4 IDOTS D-09-004 2009 RESEARH & DEV./SOFEC

Op Experience with Cylindrical FPSO

Arctic Turret Mooring System
Squall Mooring Design
Mooring in Harsh Environments

CONNECTORS

25% 50% 75% 100%

100%

Ghana/Ivory Coast

Spread Moored

48%

Spread Moored

Turret Moored

48%

Turret Moored

20%

Spread Moored

80%

Tendon Moored

Tendon Moored 4%

Cameroon to Congo

11

South Africa

13

66%

Egypt/Libya/Tunisia

15

Spread Moored

50%

Spread Moored

50%

Turret Moored

Turret Moored

17%

Turret Moored

Tendon Moored

17%

Tendon Moored

Qatar/Iran/UAE

17

17%
83%

Tendon Moored

19

Thailand/Myanmar

Spread Moored

50%

Spread Moored

Turret Moored

50%

Turret Moored

Tendon Moored

25% 50% 75% 100%

100%

Turret Moored

25% 50% 75% 100%

0%

25% 50% 75% 100%

25% 50% 75% 100%

0%

0%

GRAPH 1: MOORING SYSTEM TRENDS BY REGION

25% 50% 75% 100%

AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND

SPREAD
MOORING

6.8%

MEDITERRANEAN/CASPIAN/
EGYPT/LIBYA/TUNISIA

5.0%

NIGERIA

5.0%

CAMEROON TO CONGO

4.1%

OTHER AFRICA

1.8%

OTHER AMERICAS

1.8%

OTHER ASIA

1.6%

Tedons

TURRET

CALM

SALM

TAUT

EXTERNAL

D/P

FIXED YOKE

SOFT YOKE

HAWSER

TUBULAR RISER & YOKE

CHAIN RISER & HAWSER

15%

20%

STEEL PIPE

COMBINED LINE

POLYSTER FIBER

WIREROPE

CHAIN

1B

FIBER ROPES

STEEL WIRES

ANCHORS &
SUCTION PILES
CHAINS

FAIRLEADS, CHAIN
STOPPERS, CHAIN JACKS

WINCHES

CONNECTORS,
SHACKLES, CHASERS

Fig. 2: Chain Jacks: Pusnes Roller RamWinches on Perdido Spar

Fig. 4: Chain Jack on Kikeh Spar Hull

AKER SOLUTIONS
akersolutions.com

ABS
eagle.org

BEXCO BV
http://www.bexco.be/

AMOG CONSULTING
Amogconsulting.com

API
API.ORG

BRIDON
bridon.com

ARCELOMITTAL
Arcelormittal.com/
wiresolutions

COORDINATED
COMPANIES
ceccwrr.com

BRUCE ANCHOR
bruceanchor.co.uk

AMCLYDE
rokrem.com

BARDEX Corporation
bardex.com

BRUCE ANCHOR
bruceanchor.co.uk

CRP
crpgroup.com

BMT SCIENTIFIC
MARINE SERVICES
Scimar.com

LONDON MARINE
CONSULTANTS
londonmarine.co.uk

BOSKALIS OFFSHORE
boskalis.com/offshore

BUREAU VERITAS
Veritas.com

CORTLAND COMPANY
cortlandcompany.com

BRIDON
INTERNATIONAL LTD
bridonltd.com

DAI HAN ANCHOR CHAIN

MFG. CO., LTD.
dhac.co.kr

CANYON OFFSHORE
helixesg.com

APPLETON MARINE, INC.

Appletonmarine.com

BROHL
Broehl.de

DELMAR SYSTEMS
delmarus.com

DCL MOORING & RIGGING

dcl-usa.com

FUGRO GEOS
Geos.com/
offshore-systems/

nov.com/Production/Floating_
Production_Solutions.aspx

BPP-TECH
bpp-tech.com

DNV
DNV.ORG

CSL ROPES
cslropes.com.br

BROOKFIELDWIRE
brookfieldwire.com

DCL MOORING & RIGGING

dcl-usa.com

CORTLAND COMPANY
cortlandcompany.com

BODEWES
bodewes.com

NOV
nov.com

FEUERSTEIN GMBH
feubo.com

DELMAR SYSTEMS
delmarus.com

INTERMOOR/PULSE
STRUCTURAL MONITORING
InterMoor.com

ORWELL OFFSHORE
orwelloffshore.com

HEEREMA MARINE
CONTRACTORS (HMC)
hmc.heerema.com

CORTLAND COMPANY
cortlandcompany.com

LLOYDS REGISTER
LR.ORG

DSR CORP
dsrcorp.com

DCL MOORING & RIGGING

dcl-usa.com

DSR CORP
dsrcorp.com

DCL MOORING & RIGGING

dcl-usa.com

BROHL
Broehl.de

ROLLSROYCE
Rolls-royce.com

FIRST SUBSEA
firstsubsea.com

InterMoor
intermoor.com

MEASUREMENT
TECHNOLOGY NW
mtnw-usa.com.com

SBM
sbmoffshore.com

InterMoor
intermoor.com

DEEPSEA GROUP LTD.

Deepseaeng.com

SBM OFFSHORE
sbmoffshore.com

InterMoor
InterMoor.com

InterMoor
InterMoor.com

HAMANAKA CHAIN MFG.

CO. LTD.
hamanaka-chain.co.jp

DELMAR SYSTEMS
delmarus.com

OIL STATES SKAGIT

SMATCO
Oilstates.com

SMITHBERGER
smithberger.com

FLINTSTONE TECHNOLOGY
flint-tech.com/subsea.html

NESSCO
Nessco.rig.net

SIGMA OFFSHORE
Sigmaoffshore.com

JUMBO OFFSHORE
Jumbo-offshore.nl

DELMAR SYSTEMS
delmarus.com

FLOATEC
Floatec.com
HOUSTON OFFSHORE
ENGINEERING
Houston-offshore.com

SIGMA OFFSHORE
SIGMAOFFSHORE.COM

LANKHORST EURO NETE

lankhorsteuronete.com

OTS
otsas.no

SOFEC
sofec.com

KISWIRE LTD
kiswire.com

BLADT INDUSTRIES AS
bladt.dk

Aker Pusnes AS
akersolutions.com

AKER SOLUTIONS
akersolutions.com

BALLTEC
Balltec.com

BALMORAL
balmoral-offshore.com

ASTRO TECHNOLOGY
astrotechnology.com

BLUEWATER
bluewater.com

BOSKALIS OFFSHORE
boskalis.com/offshore

DELMAR SYSTEMS
delmarus.com

InterMoor
InterMoor.com

InterMoor
intermoor.com

NOV
nov.com

JIANGSU ASIAN STAR

ANCHOR CHAIN CO. LTD
anchor-chain.com

MENCK
menck.com

PARKER HANNIFIN
CORPORATION
parker.com

KETTENFABRIK MESTER
GMBH
mesterkette.com

SOTRA ANCHOR &

CHAIN
SOTRA.NET

ROLLSROYCE
Rolls-royce.com

SPT OFFSHORE
sptoffshore.com

TIMBERLAND
EQUIPMENT
Timberland-group.com

VIKING SEA TECH AS

vikingseatech.com

MOORLINK
moorlink.com

TECHNIP
technip.com

PARKER SCANROPE AS
scanrope.no

InterMoor
InterMoor.com

VIKING SEA TECH AS

vikingseatech.com

SAMSON
samsonrope.com

REDAELLI TECNA S.P.A.

redaelli.com

LAIWU STEEL ZIBO

ANCHOR CHAIN CO., LTD.
lgchains.com

KBR (GRANHERNE
SUBSIDIARY)
KBR.com

VRYHOF
ENGINEERING Ltd.
Vryhof.com

TEUFELBERGER
teufelberger.com/en

SCANROPE
scanropemarine.com

MARIT
marit.fr

RAPP MARINE
Rappmarine.com

TIMBERLAND EQUIPMENT
Timberland-group.com

FRANKLIN OFFSHORE
INTERNATIONAL
franklin.com.sg

TRELLEBORG MARINE
SYSTEMS
Trelleborg.com/marine

NOV (FORMERLY APL)

SOFEC
sofec.com

STRAINSTALL
Strainstall.no
TRELLEBORG MARINE
SYSTEMS
Trelleborg.com/marine

GREENPIN
greenpin.com
GROFSMEDERII
NIEUWKOOP B.V.
gnweb.com

Fig. 3: Chain Jacks Aker Solutions - Pusnes

RamWinches on the Devils Tower spar platform
in the Gulf of Mexico at a depth of 1,720m.

SBM OFFSHORE
sbmoffshore.com

Courtesy: Aker Solutions Pusnes

Fig. 5: Bardex Linear Chain Jack.

Chain is Mechanically Held at All Times.
Latches can not be released while under load.
Used for SPAR, FPSO, and TLP Mooring and
Tensioning Systems.

GUNNEBO JOHNSON CORP

gunnebojohnson.com

MOORLINK
moorlink.com

WFS SUBSEA
wfs-tech.com

InterMoor
intermoor.com

OIL STATES
Oilstates.com

2HOFFSHORE
2hoffshore.com

SUBSEA 7
le-beon.com

Fig. 6: BARDEXs Moveable Chain Jack on LLOGs Opti-EX Semi-FPS

TOKYO WIRE ROPE

tokyorope.co.jp

LONDON MARINE
CONSULTANTS
LONDONMARINE.CO.UK

UNIROPE
unirope.com

USHA MARTIN
ushamartin.com

MCS KENNY
mcskenny.com

WHITEHILL
MANUFACTURING
whitehillmfg.com

WASHINGTON CHAIN
& SUPPLY
wachain.com

MOORING SYSTEM
SOLUTIONS PTY LTD.
(MOORSURE)
Moorsure.com.au

RAMNAS BRUK AB
ramnas.com

VRYHOF ANCHORS B.V.

vryhof.com

SANMAR CHAIN
INTERNATIONAL PTE LTD.
sci-chain.com

LHR MARINE/FEURSTEIN
lhrmarine.com

10

9
7

Seg. 3 - Fiber Rope

16 15
15

13

SOTRA ANCHOR & CHAIN

Sotra.net

KOHLSWA GJUTERI AB
kohlswagjuteri.se

VICINAY MARINE
Vicinaymarine.com
WASHINGTON CHAIN
& SUPPLY
wachain.com
ZHENGMAO GROUP CO. LTD.
Zszhongnan.com

DETAIL 3
7 250m x 107 mm R4 Chain
7A 150 Ton Green Pin Super
Shackle
8 Polyester Mambo Shackle
9 1,350m x 1,000 MT Poly with
Thimbles
DETAIL 4
3 30.5m x 107 mm R4 Chain
4 Subsea Mambo Shackle
5A Delmar Subsea Connector (Male)
5B Delmar Subsea Connector
(Female)
6 Subsea Mambo Shackle
7 250m x 107 mm R4 Chain
DETAIL 5
2 Subsea Mambo Shackle
3 30.5m x 107 mm R4 Chain

MILLER LIFTING
millerproducts.net

Courtesy: BARDEX

Courtesy: BARDEX

Fig. 7: Pusnes Fairlead Chain Stoppers

Fig. 10: BARDEXs BarLatch Fairlead Stoppers On Totals CLOV FPSO Hull
Fairlead & Stopper

Fig. 9: Fairlead Above Waterline

DETAIL 3

E. Canada
FPSO

W. Africa
CALM
N. Sea FPSO

N. Sea
FPSO
W. Africa FPSO
N. Sea
FPSO

N. Sea Semi

10

S.E. Asia CALM

W. Africa FPSO

N. Sea FPSO

W. Africa FPSO

N. Sea FPSO

N. Sea FPSO

N. Sea STL Buoy

N. Sea FPSO
N. Sea FPSO
W. Africa FPSO

E. Canada FPSO

W. Africa FPSO
S.E. Asia CALM

N. Sea FPSO

GOM Spar
GOM Spar
W. Africa
W. Africa
W. Africa
W. Africa
FPSO
W. Africa CALM W. Africa FPSO N. Sea FPSO
FPSO
GOM Spar
FPSO
FPSO

N. Sea FPSO

W. Africa FPSO
W. Africa FPSO

CHAIN

Courtesy: NOV

Graph 1 Courtesy: ExxonMobil Study on Mooring

Courtesy: BARDEX

Courtesy: Aker Solutions

2
1

POLYESTER ROPE

YOKE COLUMN

Corporate Headquarters in Goleta California,

Also in Houston and High Wycombe, UK
Bardex_OSmaps_1301 1

www.BARDEX.com
12/10/12 5:13 PM

3D Modeling & Animation | Graphic Design | Website Design & Development | Interactive Flash Programming
CRay_OSmaps_1310 1

www.c-raymedia.com
9/16/13 11:39 AM

cortlandcompany.com

CorCom_OSmaps_1310 1

19

17
20

20

15

13

11

20

20

07

09
20

05

03

20

20

Courtesy: NOV

9/30/13 9:54 AM

Fig. 10: LankoFirsts Snap

Connector for Fiber Rope to Fiber
Rope (R2R)

Fig. 9: Flintstone Technologys

FTL Subsea Mooring Connector

Fig. 3: Mooring Line Components

Drop Anchor/
6.
Torpedo Pile

Drag
Anchor

Fig. 11: LankoFirsts Clam

Connector (Opened)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

clump weight
driven pile
drag anchor
suction pile
torpedo pile
vertical load anchor

Courtesy: First Subsea

Fig. 13: Closed Socket (Male

End) with Shackle, Wire Rope to
Chain (R2C)

15

10

Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing

Fig. 15: Ballgrab Stab-In On Buoy

Fig. 16: Sister Connector Fiber

Rope Thimble to Fiber Rope
Thimble (R2R)

Fig. 18: H Link With Padeye Chain

to Chain (C2C)

Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing

Fig. 17: Open Socket &Y-Link Connectors, Wire Rope to Chain (R2C)

Fig. 14: Closed Socket (Male End)

Link for Wire Rope End,
Technology Indicated in Red

22

Anode

14

Handling Padeye

POLYESTER ROPE

YOKE COLUMN

Courtesy: First Subsea

10

15

20

25

No. of Breaks

Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing

Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing

Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing

Fig. 20: Y-Link Connection Open

Wire Rope Socket to Chain (R2C)
Connection

Fig. 21: Thimble & Shackle

for Fiber Rope to Chain (R2C)
Connection

Fig. 22: ROV Operable H-Link

Fig. 19: First Subseas Ballgrab

SMC Male Connector with
Mooring Chain

3
2

SEMI

SEMI FPS

FSO

Courtesy: First Subsea

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

10

11.

8.
10.

12.
13.

15.

14.

Courtesy: Vryhof Anchor

Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)

Fig. 2: Semi-FPS Mooring

Fig. 3: External Turret Moored Fpso

Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)

Semi-FPS
Hull

Spar
Hull
4x3
Pattern

Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)

FPSO

FPSO

3x4
Pattern

Courtesy: C-Ray Media

Courtesy: C-Ray Media

Fig. 5: Drilling Rig (Modu) Mooring

Fig. 6: Perspective of MODU Hull

and Mooring Lines

Fig. 7: TLP with Tendons

Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)

Fig. 24 Delmars
Subsea Mooring
Connector for Chain,
Wire Rope, and Polyester
Rope Combinations

Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing

Chain

Fig. 23: Ballgrab Connector

Series II, ball and taper, Subsea
Mooring Connector (SMC) Female Connector in Docking Porch
Ontop of a Suction Pile.

Fig. 25 Balltecs MoorLOK Connector On top of Suction Pile (C2C)

Courtesy: First Subsea

Figs. 25 & 26 Courtesy: Balltec

Connecting Link
(Pear Shape)

3x4
Pattern
Courtesy: C-Ray Media

Fig. 8 Typical Pre-Set Mooring Pattern

On Seafloor (WHO DAT SEMI-FPS)

4 x 2 Pattern
(4 Col. x 2 Tendons/Col.)

Courtesy
Vryhof
Anchors
Courtesy:
Vryhof
Anchor

Courtesy: C-Ray Media

4 x 3 Pattern
Courtesy: LLOG & DELMAR US

Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing

Delmar SS Connector
Shackle

Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)

4x3
Pattern

Fig. 4: Internal Turret Moored FPSO

Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)

Courtesy: C-Ray Media

4x3
Pattern

Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing

13

7.

Courtesy Vryhof Anchors

Courtesy: C-Ray Media

GRAPH 5: MOORING SYSTEM FAILURES

BY FACILITIES TYPE (2001-2011)

2.

4.

6.

Bend Restrictor
Insulation Sleeve

CHAIN

5.

9.

VLA
(Vertical
Load
Anchor)

Courtesy Vryhof Anchors

Courtesy: First Subsea

Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing

(2001-2011)

CONNECTOR

Suction
Pile

3.

wire rope
wire rope socket
swivel
pearlink
shackle
H-link
polyester rope
H-link
shackle
pearlink
swivel
pearlink
chain
shackle
anchor point

OFFSHORE MOORING PATTERNS (FOR TEMPORARY & PERMANENT MOORING)

Fig. 12: Open Socket

(Female End) Link for Wire Rope

GRAPH 4: MOORING BREAKS/COLLAPSE

Shackle

Fig. 9: SPAR Mooring Pattern with 1 of 4 Corridors Used for Flow- Fig. 10: BPs Quad 204 FPSO with 4x5 Mooring Pattern with 4
line, Water Injection Lines, Umbilicals, and Export Pipelines.
Corridors for Flowlines, and Umbilicals Location UK Cont. Shelf

Fig. 11: Anchor & Mooring Avoidance

Zones - Typically 500' on each side.

Courtesy: HESS; Graphics By: C-Ray Media

Courtesy: LLOG & DELMAR US

Chain

Connecting Link
(Pear Shape)

Courtesy: Delmar US

Fig. 26 Balltecs MoorLOK Male Connector (C2C) with Y Link

15

No. of Failures

Additional Ref. Material: Mooring Integrity Guidance,

Nov. 2008; Published by The United Kingdom Offshore
Oil and Gas Industry Association Limited (Oil & Gas UK).

T +31 78 6969000

MEETING
YOUR EVERY
OFFSHORE
CHALLENGE

www.boskalis.com

marine.contracting@boskalis.com

BosOff_OSmaps_1310 1

Courtesy: SOFEC

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

5.

120

Courtesy: First Subsea

TM

Rig Skidding
Seismic, Hurricane Restraints/Leveling

Courtesy: Vryhof Anchor

4.

Driven
Pile

Fig. 1: Typical Spar Mooring

No. of Mooring Component Failures

Age by Operational Year

Providing reliable mooring lines and services through

innovative engineering and materials, extensive


Fig. 10: Anchor Types

3x4
Pattern

Production Mooring Systems

Drilling Systems

(3)

(1) Contracted by Petrobras to fabricate the Torpedo Piles.

(2) SEPLA is proprietary to InterMoor and is solely manufactured and installed by InterMoor.
(3) InterMoor does not manufacture DEAs or VLAs. However, they own, rent, and install these anchor
types.
(4) InterMoor is licensed by Petrobras to fabricate and install Torpedo Piles in GOM.
(5) OMNIMAX is the trade mark of Delmar.
(6) Also includes Stevmanta, and Stevshark anchors.
(7) Delmar maintains a large inventory of Drag Embedment Anchors (DEAs) and VLAs which they own,
rent, and install.

Fig. 7 LankoFirst Rope to Chain (R2C) Connector,

An Alternative to H Link

CONNECTOR

 

  


  www.c-raymedia.com/mooring

Figs. 8: Ballgrab Female

Connector Used on a Disconnectable Buoy for FPSO Turret

STL BUOY 0

Fig. 6: LankoFirst Rope to Rope (R2R) Clam Connector

for Permanent Mooring and MODU Applications

10

FPSO

Fig. 5: Inter-M Swivel

Connector for Chain to Chain
(C2C) 360 Rotation

WIRE ROPE

SPAR

(3)

3.

Courtesy: Flintstone Technology

CALM BUOY

Figs. 2, 3, and 4 Courtesy: Lankhorst Ropes

Year

(7)

2.

Courtesy: InterMoor

(2001-2011)

GOM FPSO

(7)

Courtesy: SIGMA OFFSHORE

Fig. 11: CALM Buoy Mooring System

1.

Courtesy: InterMoor

WIRE ROPE

N. Sea FPSO

PLATE

Clump
Weight

W. Africa FPSO

Fig. 8: Bardexs
BarLatch Fairlead
& Stopper

(4)

GRAPH 3: MOORING COMPONENT FAILURES

12

DETAIL 5

Seg. 1 - Suction Pile

Pre-Installed Chain
Section

S. China FPSO

N. Sea FPSO

Fig. 4: Pear Link Connector:

Rope to Chain (R2C)

Figs. 6 & 7 Courtesy: Royal Lankhorst

Catastrophic Failure

GOM Spar

DEA

Typical mooring points vs water depth

S. China FPSO

Multiple Line Failures

Fig. 3: Y-Link Connector:

Rope to Rope (R2R)

Yr 0 = Installation, Yr 1 = First Yr. of Operation

Fig. 11: Fairleads On Semi MODU Hull ColumnFairlead & Stopper

Courtesy:
Aker Solutions
Pusnes

4. Lloyds Register Group Limited (LR): List 11 Approved Manufacturers of Steel Wire Rope
https://www.cdlive.lr.org/information/Documents/Approvals/ApprovedManufactures/list11.pdf

Chain Jacks/BarLatch Fairlead Stoppers

SCR Pull-in Systems

(5)

Seg. 2 - Chain Section

Pre-Emptive Action/Replacement

Fig. 2: H-Link Connector:

Rope to Rope (R2R)

Shackle Connection
for Suction Pile to
Chain Connection

Suction
Pile

Early Life Failure (Infant Mortality, First Yr. of Ops.)

3. Lloyds Register Group Limited (LR): List 9b Approved Manufacturers of Fittings for Chain Cable
https://www.cdlive.lr.org/information/Documents/Approvals/ApprovedManufactures/list9b.pdf

C-Ray Media, Inc.

GOM Spar
N. Sea FPSO
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

2. Lloyds Register Group Limited (LR): List 9a list of Approved Manufacturers of Chain Cable for Ships and Offshore Mooring
https://www.cdlive.lr.org/information/Documents/Approvals/ApprovedManufactures/list9a.pdf

Note 1: The companies shown on this supplier matrix represent those companies that are service providers, component providers or manufacturers of the components.

Single Line Mooring Failures

14

Courtesy: BARDEX

Prepared By University of Houston,

College of Technology, Petroleum Technology Initiative

5A

7A 7

GRAPH 2: MOORING FAILURES BY YEAR (2001 -2011)

LIST OF APPROVED MANUFACTURES For Mooring Chain, Anchors, Wire Rope

1. AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING: APPROVED MANUFACTURERS SHIP ANCHOR AND OFFSHORE MOORING CHAIN
(Updated weekly by ABS)
http://www.eagle.org/eagleExternalPortalWEB/ShowProperty/BEA%20Repository/AppProdsMFG/ApprovedListings/27CChain

COMPANY NAME

DROP
ANCHOR

Components in a typical mooring line

(2001-2013)

16

THE CROSBY GROUP

thecrosbygroup.com

VICINAY MARINE
Vicinaymarine.com

PILE

FLUKE ENGENHARIA (1)

Fig. 1: H-Link Connector:

Anchor to Polyester Rope

3
3

20

VIKING SEA TECH AS

vikingseatech.com

SMITH BERGER MARINE

smithberger.com

Fig. 9: InterMoors SEPLA Pre-Installation

OFFSHORE MOORING CONNECTORS: Connecting Mooring System Components Together

Delmar SS Connector for

Chain to Chain (C2C)

DETAIL 4

GRAPH 1: INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE MOORING FAILURE AND PRE-EMPTIVE ACTION EVENTS

18

Fig. 10A & 10B:

Non-Disconnectible
Internal Turret
Mooring System

1.

MOORING SYSTEMS INTEGRITY ISSUES ON FPSs

TECHNIP
technip.com

OCEANSIDE
EQUIPMENT LTD.

MANUFACTURERS

Courtesy: Bruce Anchor

Courtesy: InterMoor

7 6

5B

14

Graphs 2, 3, 4, and 5 Data Source is OTC Paper 24181 Table 1 Data Analysis

UNIROPE
unirope.com

OFFSPRING
INTERNATIONAL (OIL)
offspringinternational.com

LeBeon Manufacturing
le-beon.com

Courtesy: InterMoor

Fig. 7: Delmars Patented OMNIMAX Drop Anchor Fig. 8: InterMoors SEPLA (Suction Embedded
Plate Anchor)

Courtesy: DELMAR US

Mooring Failures

TRION Co., Ltd

trioncorp.co.kr

WORLEYPARSONS
Worleyparsons.com

Courtesy: InterMoor

InterMoor

Seg. 4 - Short Chain Segment with

Rope to Chain (R2C) and Chain to
Rope (C2R) Connections

12 11
11

1 Suction Pile
DETAIL 1
13 50m x 1,100 MT Poly
with Thimbles
14 Polyester Mambo Shackle
15 5 Special End Links
16 107 mm Chain Shackle
DETAIL 2
9 1,350m x 1,000 MT Poly
with Thimbles
10 Polyester Mambo Shackle
11 5 Special End Links
12 Polyester Mambo Shackle
13 50m x 1,100 MT Poly with
Thimbles

2
LOC NORGE AS
LOC-GROUP.COM

Courtesy: NOV APL

TABLE 4: ANCHOR MANUFACTURERS BY TYPE

Courtesy: InterMoor

Trend: The purpose of this Section is to make the industry aware of integrity issues & trends with regards to Mooring
Systems for FPSs. According to OTC Paper 24181 the analysis indicates a trend in which the intended design
performance of moorings does not meet operational performance

Courtesy: BARDEX
SOUTHGATE MARINE &
OFFSHORE SERVICES LTD.
Southgatemarine.com

Courtesy: SBM ATLANTIA

BRUCE ANCHORS

DETAIL 2

MCDERMOTT
INTERNATIONAL, INC.
mcdermott.com

WELAPTEGA MARINE
welaptega.com

Fig. 6: The Bruce DENNLA Mk4, Drag Embedment Near Normal Load Anchor (DENNLA)

Courtesy: DELMAR US

Seg. 7 - Chain Section

Courtesy: Aker Solutions Pusnes

EMAS AMC
emas.com

OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
SERVICES LTD. (OIS)
ois-ltd.com

Fig. 5: Drag Embedment Anchor (DEA)

Courtesy: InterMoor

MOORING EQUIPMENT - WINCHES, FAIRLEADS AND CHAIN STOPPERS

Courtesy: Aker Solutions Pusnes

COLUMBUS MCKINNON
CORPORATION
cmworks.com

Courtesy: Vryhof Anchor

Courtesy: NOV APL

Seg. 1 - Chain Section at Anchor

Seg. 5 - Fiber
Rope
13

MOORING
SYSTEM
INSTALLERS/PM

ALLOY WIRE
INTERNATIONAL
alloywire.com

Fig. 4: Pile Anchor: Driven, Jetted, or Drilled

Seg. 2 -Wire Rope

Anchor
Orientation Tail

1D

Courtesy: Vryhof Anchor

Fig. 9: Single Angle Leg Mooring (SALM) & Loading System

VRYHOF ANCHORS

Fairleads

Seg. 6 - Chain
to Rope (C2R)
Connector &
Short Chain

MOORING BUOYS/
BUOYANCY

Figs. 1A & 1B Courtesy: InterMoor

Semi-FPS or MODU

CONNECTION DETAILS

ACCESSORIES

MODU Moorings are typically composed of

rented moorings:
S tandard sizes of mooring ropes and
chains are used to design a system that
is adequate for the environmental criteria
Connectors are made using enlarged end
links and specialty shackles
Polyester ropes are used with thimbles to
maintain suitable D/d bending ratios
Chain segments are used between the
polyester segments to maintain the
integrity of the polyester rope jacket and
filter barrier when handling the segments
on the deck of the installation vessel

Fig. 2: Taut Leg Moored Semi FPS with Suction Pile (Permanent Mooring)

Mooring Years in Service

MOORING LINE
COMPONENTS

Courtesy: NOV APL

DELMAR

25%

TURRET
DESIGNERS/
SUPPLIERS

Fig. 3: Vryhof Patented Stemanta

Omni-directional VLA

1D

OFFSHORE OIL & GAS MOORING SYSTEM & SERVICE COMPONENT PROVIDERS

MOORING SYSTEM
ENGINEERING

Seg. 3 - Chain with

R2C & C2R Connectors

1A

DETAIL 1

MOORING
MONITORING/
INSTRUMENTATION

Fig. 2: Vryhof Patented Stevpris Mk6 Drag

Embedment Anchor

Courtesy: SIGMA OFFSHORE

Seg. 4 - Polyester
Fiber Rope with
Thimble Connectors

PILE

SHUTTLE
TANKER

FLNG SHIP

LNG SHIP

FPSO

SHIP

Worldwide Percentage (%)

Courtesy of University of Houston, College of Technology,

Petroleum Technology Initiative

Present

Fig. 8: Yoke Mooring System for Shallow Water Applications

VLA (Vertical Loaded

Anchor) with
Orientation Tail

1C

P
D/P

Proven
Not Proven

Turret Moored

10%

OFFSHORE ANCHOR
TYPES

MOORING LINE TYPES

CHART 1: OFFSHORE MOORING SUPPLIER MATRIX (AS OF SEPT., 2013)

MOORING
CLASSIFICATION &
CERTIFICATION

Figs: 1A & Suction Piles with skid rails being

installed from stern of installation vessel

Seg. 5 - Chain 2 with

R2C & C2R Connectors

LEGEND

Spread Moored

5%

1B

INTERNAL

Fig. 7: Permanent External

Turret With Wet Mooring Table

ANCHOR TYPES FOR OFFSHORE MOORING

1C

Fig. 1: PUSNES Rotary Windlass

0%

Seg. 7 - Chain with

R2C & C2R Connectors

Seg. 6 - Polyester
Fiber Rope with
Thimble Connectors

TENDONS & AP TENSION

5.0%

ANGOLA

CATENARY

BUOY
NON-SHIP FPSO

8.7%

MALAYSIA/INDONESIA

SPAR

CONTROL BUOY

11.2%

TLP SEMI

LOADING/PROD.
BUOY

CHINA/VIETNAM/THAILAND/
MYANMAR/PHILIPPINES

MODU

CELL SPAR

12.1%

GOM

PERMANENT/PRODUCTION

CLASSIC SPAR

14.8%

TEMPORARY

TRUSS SPAR

NORTH SEA

MOORING SYSTEMS

CONVENTIONAL
& MINI-TLP
PRODUCTION
SEMI

22.1%

FLOATEL

BRAZIL

Fig. 6: External Turret With Dry Mooring Table

Data Courtesy of Quest Offshore & Analysis by University of Houston, College of Technology, Petroleum Technology Initiative

Seg. 1 Chain Section

at Anchor

25% 50% 75% 100%

Courtesy of University of Houston, College of Technology,

Petroleum Technology Initiative

OFFSHORE STRUCTURE TYPES

OTHER SOURCES - BOOKS, E-BOOKS, WEB SITES

1 BOOK: DEEPWATER MMORING SYSTEMS - Concepts, Design, Analysis, and Materials
Edited by Jun Zhang, Richard Mercier; 2003, 360 Pages
2 E-BOOK: JIP FPS MOORING INTEGRITY (2006), 313 Pages
www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr444.pdf
3 E-BOOK: VRYHOF 2010 ANCHOR MANUAL; 188 Pages; www.vryhof.com/anchor_manual.pdf
4 E-BOOK: Classification of Mooring Systems for Permanent Offshore Units (April, 2012);
54 Pages
www.veristar.com/content/static/veristarinfo/images/4851.32.493NR_2012-04.pdf
5 ON-LINE COURSE: Technology University of Delft (Netherlands);
http://ocw.tudelft.nl/courses/offshore-engineering/offshore-moorings/course-home/
6 BOOK: The Unviersity of Texas Publication: Spread Mooring Systems, 2nd Edition;
http://www.utexas.edu/ce/petex/aids/pubs/spread-mooring/
7 BOOK: Engineers Design Guide to Deepwater Fibre Moorings, By Oil Pub (2005)

Courtesy of University of Houston, College of Technology, Petroleum Technology Initiative

0%

Seg. 8 - Polyester
Fiber Rope with
Thimble Connectors

Seg. 9 Chain
Sections

Prepared By: University of Houston, College of Technology,

Petroleum Technology Initiative & Amy Hendrix, GIS Consultant

TABLE 3: THE APPLICATION OF MOORING SYSTEMS vs. OFFSHORE FACILITY TYPES

Fig. 5 Disconnectible External Mooring Buoy

Wire Rope to Chain

(R2C) Connector

PLATE ANCHOR

0%

25% 50% 75% 100%

0%

DEA

25% 50% 75% 100%

DRIVEN PILE

0%

25% 50% 75% 100%

Data Source: UH Research, Mustang Engineering/Offshore Magazine, and Quest Offshore Databases for mooring system data and Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, and the GIS User Community for the world map data.

MOORING PATTERNS, TYPES, CONFIGURATIONS

Courtesy: NOV APL

1A

SUCTION PILE

0%

Courtesy: NOV APL

Fig. 4: TLP Moored with Tendons

Installation Year

Seg. 10 - MODU Chain

MOORING ANCHORS
MAP

1,000 M
3,280 ft.

Courtesy: Delmar US

>20 Yrs.

MODU (Mobile Offshore Drilling Rig)

Tendon Moored

MOORING SYSTEM ELEVATIONS

Fig. 1: Spread Moored

500
1,640 ft.

OFFSHORE MOORING LINES SAMPLE ASSEMBLIES

Fig. 1: Elevation View of Polyester VLA Taut-Leg Preset Mooring Leg (Temporary Mooring)

Spread Moored

Tendon Moored

Fig. 3: External Turret with

Dry Mooring Table

Up to
10 Yrs.
Up to
15 Yrs.

New Zealand

26

100%

Catenary and Taut describe the way the mooring

line is suspended in the water column. Catenary
systems have parabolic shape. Taut system mooring
lines hang in a straight line between two points.

Courtesy: SIGMA OFFSHORE

0%

Fig. 2: Disconnectible Internal Turret Mooring System

Courtesy: BRIDON

Courtesy: SIGMA OFFSHORE

Turret Moored

North Sea

TYPES OF MOORING SYSTEMS

Courtesy: HESS

LIFE SPAN
(Yrs.)

1. NON-GALVANIZ ED
WIRE ROPE
2. GALVANIZED
SPIRAL STRAND
3. S
 HEATHED
SPIRAL STRAND

Tendon Moored

0%

Used for Polyester Mooring Lines with suction piles.

Preferred mooring system type for long life deepwater
production facilities.
40% reduction in footprint compared to Catenary Type.

STEVPRIS (6)

MOORING LINES

CLASS SOCIETIES GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS ON MOORING SYSTEMS & INSTALLATION

Class societies regulate the implementation of the guidelines set forth in the standards by
giving specific steps to follow for class approval of a mooring system or installation.
1. American Bureau of Shipping (ABS): www.eagle.org then go to Resources > Rules &
Guides > Downloads
2. Bureau Veritas: www.veristar.com/wps/portal/bvrules
3. DNV GL: www.dnv.com/resources/rules_standards/index.asp
4. Lloyd's Register: www.webstore.lr.org/category/1-marine.aspx

HMPE Fiber for DW Mooring

Evaluation of Advance Fibers
Fiber Mooring - Recent Experiences
Changes in Update of AP RP 2SM
Hurricane Proof Mooring System
Polyester Mooring Line
RED HAWK System Design & Verif.
MAD DOG Polyester Mooring

100%

Used for chain/wire rope/chain mooring lines.

Preferred mooring system type for deepwater MODUs for
temporary mooring.
Has a larger footprint compared to Taut System.

BRUCE
MK4 & MK5

2013 Offshore

MOORING EQUIPMENT

MOORING STANDARDS
1 API Spec 2F - Mooring Chain (1997) - Currently in Revision
2 API RP 2I - In-service Inspection of Mooring Hardware for Floating Structures (2008).
3 API RP 2SK - Design & Analysis of Stationkeeping Sys. for Floating Str. (Add.2008)
4 API RP 2SM - Recommended Practice for Synthetic Fiber Ropes (Add. 2007) A new
revision is currently in the Balloting Phase.
5 ISO 19901-7 Station-keeping systems for floating offshore structures (Rev)
6 ISO 19904-01 Floating offshore structures
7 2GEO - Geotechnical Analysis of Mooring Anchors - Is a new standard in development.
8 2MIM - Mooring Integrity Management. Is a new standard to be released.
9 DNV GL: http://www.dnv.com/resources/rules_standards/index.asp

INTEGRITY & LESSONS LEARNED

1 OTC 24025-MS 2013 BP/TOTAL/SHELL
Mooring System Integrity Issues
2013 GRANHERNE (KBR)
Lessons Learned from FPS Moorings
2 OTC 24181
3 ISOPE I-12-563 2012 AMOG CINSULTING & Others SCORCH JIP - Chain Corrosion
4 OTC 21012-MS 2010 SOFEC
Anchor Leg System Integrity
5 OTC 19198-MS 2008 STRESS ENGINEERING
Polyester Mooring Integrity
6 OTC 17499-MS 2005 NOBLE DENTON & Others Floating Prod. Mooring Integrity JIP
SYNTHETIC FIBER MOORING SYSTEMS
1 OTC 23333-MS 2012 DYNEEMA/LANKHORST
2011 STRESS ENG.
2 OTC 22218
3 OTC 20838
2010 DEMLAR SYSTEMS
4 OTC 20836-MS 2010 BP & Others
5 OTC 20155-MS 2009 SAMSON/DELMAR
6 OTC 18768-MS 2007 TENSION TECHNOLOGY
7 OTC 17247-MS 2005 TECHNIP/KERR-MCGEE
2004 BP/STRESS ENG/UNION
8 OTC16590

MOORING INTEGRITY

25% 50% 75% 100%

Spread Moored

Turret Moored

Taut Leg Mooring System Key Attributes

SEPLA (2)

MOORING SYSTEM INSPECTION, TESTING, AND QUALIFICATION

1 OTC 24184-MS 2013 WELAPTEGA MARINE LTD. Risk Based Inspection Plan
2 OTC 24080-MS 2013 SBM/LANKHORST
THUNDER HAWK Fatigue Testing
3 OMAE2012-84067 2012 InterMoor
Microbiological Corrosion
2010 WELAPTEGA MARINE LTD. In-Service Inspection
4 OTC 20779

Spread Moored

Courtesy: C-Ray Media

Catenary System Key Attributes

Sakhalin

25

SERVICE VESSEL

PLANNING & INSTALLATION OF DEEPWATER MOORING SYSTEMS - VARIOUS PROJECTS

1 OTC 23223
2013 COOEC/COTEC
LIUHUA 11-1 FPS Mooring Upgrade
2 OCT 23083-MS 2012 LLOG/WHITEHILL/DELMAR WHO DAT Project Mooring System
3 ISOPE I-10-470 2010 OFFSHORE OIL ENG. CO.
STP Moooring System in China
4 OTC 21018-MS 2010 InterMoor/ATP OIL & GAS MIRAGE/TELEMARK MinDOC Mooring
5 OTC 18587-MS 2007 ENTERPRISE
INDEPENDENCE HUB Mooring Sys
RED HAWK Spar Mooring System
6 OTC 17294-MS 2005 TECHNIP/DOVE MARINE
Na Kika DW Mooring Project
7 OTC 16702-MS 2004 SHELL/HEEREMA

0%

Tendon Moored

The poster is divided into distinct sections and

each section is marked by a background color. The
color denotes the subject section. This color code is
carried throughout the poster. Below are the color
code designations for each of the themes.

Go to www.onepetro.org to order the OTC (Offshore Technology Conference), SPE (Society of

Petroleum Engineers), and ISOPE (The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers) papers
listed in Table 2.

Recommended Papers, Manuals, and other documents

for additional knowledge

25% 50% 75% 100%

Mauritania

100%

Tendon Moored

26

Courtesy: C-Ray Media

VLA

13

Fig. 2: Taut Leg Mooring System

DEA

Tendon Moored

GRAPH 3: WIRE ROPE

LIFE SPANS
WIRE ROPE
TYPE

Turret Moored

SEMI SUBMERSIBLE
DRILL SHIP
(DP Rig)

TABLE 2 OTHER OFFSHORE MOORING INFO. SOURCES

POSTER COLOR CODE KEY

23

Spread Moored

SINGLE POINT MOORING

RTM
Riser Turret Mooring
R2R
Rope to Rope Connector
R2C
Rope to Chain Connector
SALM Single Anchor Leg Mooring
SCM
Spread Catenary Mooring
SEA
Suction Embedded Anchor
SEMI
Semi Submersible
SEPLA Suction Embedded Plate Anchor
SM
Spread Mooring
SP
Suction Pile
STM
Spread Taut Mooring
Submerged Turret Mooring
STP
Tension Leg Platform
TLP
VLA
Vertical Loaded Anchor

Anchor Pile
Chain-Poly-Wire
Chain & Wire
Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring
Chain To Rope Connector
Chain To Chain Connector
Drag Embedded Anchor
Driven Pile
External Turret
Floating Production Storage & Offloading
High Holding Power
Internal Turret
Jacket Soft Yoke
Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit

108

25% 50% 75% 100%

Philippines

24

28%

Turret Moored

Country/Region

AP
C&P&W
C&W
CALM
C2R
C2C
DEA
Dr. P
ET
FPSO
HHP
IT
JSY
MODU

POSTER

12

72%

0%
Information Accuracy: We have attempted to use correct and current, as of press time, information for the mooring systems and equipment described herein. No installed, sanctioned,
nor pending application was intentionally excluded. We have summarized the capability and operating experience by acting as a neutral party and integrator of information. Information
has been collected from public sources, company brochures, personal interviews, phone interviews, press releases, industry magazines, vendor-supplied information, and web sites. No
guarantee is made that information is accurate or all-inclusive. Neither University of Houston nor Offshore Magazine guarantees or assumes any responsibility or liability for any partys
use of the information presented. If any information is found to be incorrect, not current, or has been omitted, please send comments to: jchristi@central.uh.edu and gksheridan@uh.edu.

Spread Moored

Figs. 1, 2, & 3 Courtesy: BRIDON

0%

Brazil

ABS: Judy Murray, John Stiff and Kenneth Huang; Aker Solutions: Tom Plank, and John-Otto Nilsen; Balltec: Martin Bell, and Emma Corrie; Bardex: Stephen Jones; Bluewater
Industries, Inc: Jamie Armstrong; Bridon: Chris Leonard, Tony Tarabochia, and Troy Rybicki; Bruce Anchor: David Ledgerwood; C-Ray Media: Connie Gray, Nanette McNair,
Samara Barks, and Jalil Whitmore; DCL Mooring & Rigging: Rick Hall Doris, and Richard D. Haun; Delmar US: Even Zimmerman, and Robert Garrity; First Subsea: Valerie
Pylypiw, and Greg Campbell-Smith; Grahherne: Richard DSourza and Sai Majhi; InterMoor: Jonathon Miller, Florence Kosmala, and Todd Veselis; Lankhorst Ropes: Geeske
Terpstra; LeBeon Manufacturing: Aurelien Le Floch, and Clement Mochet; MODEC: Ken Turner; National Oilwell Varco: Charyl Smerek, Geir Hovde, and Tatjana Tanya Brestovac;
Parker Hannifin Corporation: Brian Compton, and Eldon E. Thomas; Pennwell: Jessica Tippee, Mary Sumner, Roger Kingswell, and Daniel Bernard; Quest Offshore: Matt Gross,
and Paul Hillegeist; Sigma Offshore: Allan Millmaker; Tex Ocean: Donnie Newman; Vrhof Anochors: Erik Rykers, and Thomas Agnevall

22

Fig. 10: Mooring Chain & Suction Piles Ready for Loadout & Installation

Fig. 9: Studded Mooring

Chain used at mud line
& host facility. Chain
actual field life performance is 1520 years
vs. typical design life of
20 to 25 years.

20

University of Houston and Offshore Magazine wish to acknowledge the following individuals and companies who continue to support our efforts
to educate and inform the oil and gas industry on the status of mooring systems.

Tendon Moored

25% 50% 75% 100%

0%

Fig. 1: Catenary System

1,500 M
4,921 ft.

01

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTORS

21

11

3. MOORING CHAIN
93%

Turret Moored

Courtesy: BRIDON

20

10

7%

Courtesy: Royal Lankhorst

99

Spread Moored

Courtesy: Royal Lankhorst

20

100%

Australia

23

24

97

Spread Moored
Turret Moored

19

18

Fig. 3: Comparison of Typical Mooring Configurations

& Line Type by Water Depth

2,000 M
6,562 ft.

19

25% 50% 75% 100%

Fig 3: Sheathed Jacket around

spiral strand increases service life
> 20 years.

95

Canada/US Atlantic

Polyester Fiber Rope

Chain/Wire Rope

2,500 M
8,202 ft.

6%

0%

20

The usage of polyester fiber rope

(green squares) is a growing
trend for mooring systems on
Past
Future
deepwater production facilities
installations.

19

25% 50% 75% 100%

9/12/13 9:18 AM

66%

Tendon Moored

17

3,000 M
9,842 ft.

28%

Turret Moored

Fig. 7: Cross Section of

Lankhorsts MODULINE Polyester Fig. 8: Cross Section of
Fiber Rope
Polyester Mooring Lines.

93

Tendon Moored

TABLE 1 ABBREVIATIONS

Spread Moored

15

Fig. 5 Lankhorsts Polyester Fiber Rope on Deployment Reel Offshore

Indonesia

22

16

14

100%

25% 50% 75% 100%

Courtesy: Royal Lankhorst

19

25

particle filter layer to limit the ingress of abrasive particles and marine
finish on load bearing elements enhances the resistance to yarn on yarn
abrasion ensures long term performance for field life in excess of 20 years.

GRAPH 1: CHAIN/WIRE ROPE vs. POLYESTER ROPE USAGE MOORING SYSTEM TREND

91

Peru

10%

0%

Increasing Performance Life of Fiber Rope The inclusion of a

Fig 2: Spiral Strand galvanized or

coated high tensile wire. Service
life span up to 15 Years.

19

25% 50% 75% 100%

50%

89

Courtesy: Bridon

40%

19

25% 50% 75% 100%

Malaysia

Tendon Moored

0%

1455 West Loop South, Suite 400

Houston, TX 77027
Tel: 713-963-6200 Fax: 713-963-6296
www.offshore-mag.com

0%

Tendon Moored

Tendon Moored

25% 50% 75% 100%

Polyester rope gives a "softer" mooring system than steel wire rope; and therefore host motions are more compliant and riser friendly.
Better Vortex Induced Motion (VIM) response to loop currents than Chain-Wire-Chain system.
Affords smaller SCR departure angles.
Allows the use of a significantly smaller turret buoy on FPSOs for enhanced safety and project viability.
Up to 50% reduction in costs compared to conventional catenary mooring system.
Approximately 80% reduction in wet weight of tension members (i.e. ropes) when converting from Wire to Polyester. The vertical mooring force on the
platform is reduced by 50%. This reduction in wet weight and forces therefore increases usable payload.
Up to 50% reduction in mooring pre-tension.
Polyester rope does not corrode and there is no need for corrosion allowances on the diameter of the polyester like there is on chain and wire.

87

0%

Turret Moored

0%

25% 50% 75% 100%

Spread Moored

D - DISCONNECTABLE
P -PERMANENT

The University of Houston

www.uh.edu Tel: 713 743 2255
4800 Calhoun Road Houston, TX
77004-2693

Tendon Moored

Tendon Moored

0%

78%

21

Turret Moored

Turret Moored

Turret Moored

Spread Moored

50%

100%

25% 50% 75% 100%

Turret Moored

22%

Advantages of Polyester for Mooring Lines

19

0%

Spread Moored

Colombia/Venezuela

Spread Moored

E-Mail Comments, Correction or Additions to: jchristi@central.uh.edu and gksheridan@uh.edu

Tendon Moored

50%

Fig. 4: Components of Typical Polyester Fiber Rope for Deepwater Mooring Fig. 6: Lankhorsts Fiber Rope with Torsional Reference Lines

85

Tendon Moored

25% 50% 75% 100%

0%

100%

Turret Moored

Spread Moored

2. FIBER ROPE (Typically Polyester)

Fig. 1: Wire Rope for Deepwater

MODU (Drilling Rigs) Mooring Lines
Cross Section (6 x 34) Life span
up to 10 Years.

19

25% 50% 75% 100%

0%

100%

Turret Moored

9%

Tendon Moored

Spread Moored

1. WIRE ROPE

83

25% 50% 75% 100%

41%

Turret Moored

Tendon Moored

Spread Moored

China/Vietnam

20

19

32%

Turret Moored

50%

India

18

81

Spread Moored

Caspian Sea

16

19

Prepared by: Manoochehr Bozorgmehrian, Manjunath Terwad, and Vani Aparna Peri Former Graduate Students, University of Houston
With Assistance From: Jack Christiansen and Galina Sheridan of the University of Houston, College of Technology, Petroleum Technology Initiative,
www.uh.edu/technology/pti; Kurt Albaugh of Repsol E&P USA; David Davis, Mary Sumner and Jessica Tippee of Offshore Magazine;
Jonathan Miller of InterMoor; and Amy Hendrix GIS Consultant

25%

68%

Adriatic/Italy

14

79

0%

25% 50% 75% 100%

0%

Spread Moored

Tendon Moored

34%

Tendon Moored

OCTOBER 2013

Turret Moored

75%

Angola

12

19

9%

Turret Moored

Trends & Technology

Spread Moored

57%

Nigeria

10

DelSys_OSmaps_1310 1

MOORING LINE CONFIGURATIONS

77

Spread Moored

Spanish Mediterranean

MOORING LINE COMPONENT TYPES: Wire Rope, Polyester Fiber Rope, and Chain

19

9/30/13 9:58 AM

75

GOM

www.delmarus.com 1-337-365-0180

EMAS_OSmaps_1310 1

19

MOORING SYSTEMS FOR OFFSHORE

FLOATING INSTALLATIONS

DELMAR

Delmar Systems

PROVEN MOORING SOLUTIONS FOR FPSO AND FLNG

WWW.LONDONMARINE.CO.UK

OMNI MAX

7/9/13 9:34 AM

682 0 1 3

...count on the
leader in offshore mooring

19

IntermRev_OSmaps_1310 1

Learn more
about our
deepwater
installation
vessels at
mcdermott.com

DRIVEN PILE

2013 McDermott International, Inc. All rights reserved.

19

45 years

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50% more power with 4 new engines
Subsea lowering up to 480 tons to 11,500 ft.
(+/-) 8.2 feet heave compensation
Main xed crane capacity 4,189 ST

SUCTION PILE

Enhanced to deliver
greater reliability
& versatility

Mooring  Foundations  Subsea

www.in
www.intermoor.com
intermoor.com

for all your mooring

installation needs

TORPEDO PILE

DB50

When experience
counts....

Water Depth (Meters & Feet)

INNOVATIVE
MOORING
SOLUTIONS

Technical expertise. Practical

know-how. Delivered worldwide.

9/30/13 9:56 AM

Courtesy: BP

Mooring Integrity
Management Services
Control inspection and maintenance costs
Extend mooring system life
Minimize mooring failures and downtime
Manage degraded and damaged moorings
www.amogconsulting.com

AmoCon_OSmaps_1310 1

9/16/13 11:43 AM