()

:

.


.
.

.
Abstract: Ever since a number of grave inscriptions were discovered in the region of Ahsa (Thj eastern Saudi
Arabia) in the middle of the 1980s and in Mulaiha (UAE) in the 1990s, the importance of the maternal lineage
has attracted interest. This paper focuses on and compares with neighboring others the significations of females
preserved maternal lineage for the eastern people of the Arabian Peninsula. The paper finds a close relation between
the preservation of the female lineage and her religious function as a priestess. This is also true for Nabataean females
whose lineage was preserved.

.

(Cornwall,
.)1946 ; H.R.P and Dickson 1948
.

.
1946 ()Winnett

. 1963

()Mandaville 1963
( )Muller, 1963
Bibby Looking for Dilmun


( .)Bibby 1969
Jamme
1966

( .)Jamme 1967, 69, 70

- 1434 - 2013
( )50-35 1319-8947

35

1973


.1978 1977
)Beeston( 1979

()Groom 19826


( .)Potts 1983
1984


( ) . 1985
( )
.
1986

.


.1412
1996/1416

.
2002

.

. 2005 18
( 2001
)2005 2006 ( 2002
.)2006


36

- 1434 - 2013

2000
2002 2007

.2012

1986

.

//




( .)1978 1974






(
)
.



.

 ()

.






.

Strabo 16.3.2

(
.)4





( .)40 :2005

()( )1



( )Groom, 1982, 97 (Al-Ansari 2002:
)7-17 ( )Lombard, 1988

( )27:10:15( )2 ( )49:32:20
. 2:688 1424
( )3
( 60 58 :1994 Bin Seray,
)1993 (.)Potts, 1988: 155

:

( .)Strabo 16.3.3

( .)Strabo 16.4.4


.

.

( 100..)


( .)Strabo 16.4.19
2400
( )42624
.

205..

( )4

.

(.)Groom 1982: 100.
- -

(.)157-156 :2005

.
:

- 1434 - 2013

37

:1 .

( )5
..
. (Boucharlat and
Salles 1981, 78 ; Potts Gulf -4543 :1996
)44
( .)1


( )2:221

.
38

- 1434 - 2013

(
223 :2 )70 :2
.

(
)1:307

(
.)745 :




. :

 ()

. Baron Bowen 1950

( 1966
.)89 :1983 ,Potts

.1984/1404
.

:
.

.

6 1982/1402
( )
:
( 1 )1
/

1 ()1

/ /
/ /
/ /
/
/ /
/

- 1434 - 2013

39

( .///)
. :

( )

( )138 :6 /1982

.1986
(////) .

( ).

J.Ryckmans

1
8
:

/ /
/ /
.. /
( )..



.. ( )

..

/ /

( 1983 :8 4 )91

/ /

(3 )3

/ /

( ) :

/ /

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/.. /

/ ...

..

( )
-
( 88 :1984 )16
2
40

- 1434 - 2013

].[..
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][..

( :1984 91 7
) . .

 ()

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)( .)3

.


( .
()99-96 45 :1996/1416 .)4

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650. .

. -
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terracotta figurines
.
.

.

:3 :
14031983/
- 1434 - 2013

41

- -
..
( .)140-139 :1416





(
.)310-289 :1993

.. ..
39 : 11

(.)Yaseen et al, 1996: 287




400-700.. (Boucharlat
)& Loumbarg 1985: 140

( .)Yaseen et al, 1996: 301

:4 -74-
.
42

- 1434 - 2013

( .)53-47 2007


14081988/ (

.)44-43 :1989
2013-2012


:
. (.)6

.



(Bibby, 1973:
)18
( :8

.)72
:

(.)Russell 2667







.

 ()

.
.

Matrilinearity

.
Matriarchy :
Matrilinearity

.
- Matriarchy
-
:
:

Matrilocality :


()Maciver& Page 1961: 248 :

(.)Stone, 1976, 32


Bachofen

.




:

( .
(.De Beauvoir, 1949, 101

.
:
The Elementary Structures of Kinship
1949
Matrilinearity Matrilineality

.


.

(De Beauvoir, 1949, 102; Whyte, 1978: 34,
)156; Dostal, 1989, 47.


( )7
.

..

(Frymer-
.)Kensky 1992: 5-6, 14-19

. - -
: Aruru, Nimah,
.Nintur, Ninhursag
O ( )
.

.

(49Frymer-Kensky
.)1992:
figurines

- 1434 - 2013

43

.


(Pomeroy
.)1975: 14

( 20,000 )
(Russell,
)P., 1998, 261 ( .)5




.
:


.

.

,
,
/ :
( ) ( 36 :JS 24.)
( ) ( 58 :JS 14.)
( ) ( 71 :JS 34.)
( ) ( 74 :JS 35.)
( )JS 27
( ) ( )CIS, II, 786
.

: .

:
( ) (JS
1 :16.. 1-.) ( )6

/
.


.


( )CIS, II, 354
( .)RES 1424
( 9.. 40-.) .


44

- 1434 - 2013

:5
.Ilse Seibert 1974

 ()

.



.



//( .
.)2007




.
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:6 (
. ).

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- 1434 - 2013

45

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.)87:

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1:)194: :
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)73: :

( 1:)405:
46

- 1434 - 2013

.


( )Smith, 1903
.






.

Eneduanna



.



.
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(Frymer-
.)Kinsky, 1992: 12, 64, 95ff.

 ()

(

) ( .)Kramer, 82-6; Pritchard I: 30



.
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/


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.

( 1983 .)97-96
.

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()

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.

//
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( 235.)(
.)129 86 2009



( 2 1983 )89
1 ( 1983 .)91


.


(
13 1983 )90
.



- 1434 - 2013

47

.
/

.


.

. : ,.
:
1986 51 21-19 :3
( 1988 )50-35 :1989
2008 . 90
.
Pliny VI.26.98
.

1
2
3
4

Polybius, (d. after 118 BCE), The Histories of Polybius, 1922 -1927, LCL, London XIII: ii. 4,5

5 : .
. ( ) : (
.)51-52 . .
6 . 2013/5/14
7
Stone, 1976, 30-61, esp. 58-60
(Ochshorn, J., Goddesses and the Lives of
.)Women, Women and Goddess Traditions in Antiquity and Today, (ed. K.L.King), (Minneapolis: Fortress Press. 1997), pp. 377-405, p. 385
:
. ( )
.
.
Josephus, [d. 93 CE], Jewish Antiquities, (Tr. R.Marcus),
Potts

(London, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1943), 9 vols. XVII: p. 61-63.

:
:
( 597)
1358
10 6.
( 711) 6 .
1985
14041984/ 54-37 9 .49-30
1974
.
48

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1978
.
1986 51
.21-19 :3
( 279) 1959
.
1994
.67-53 :43

 ()

.
2009
.


2005 2001/1421 54-35 :18
2,20-2,1 :
1416
.
( )902
3.
1984

:
186-177 :2
2002 -

4
.42-9
2005

:
.485-452

2007 :
.40-21 :16
( 463) .
. : . : .1405
. 1984
1983-1403
: 108-55 :8
.90-60
1993
310-28 2/8
2007

.94-45
1424
6 .
1989
1408 50-35 12
.32-23
1992/1412
.
( 626) . . :
5 .

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