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Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis
Outruitw
Reverse Osmosis Process
- Basic principles
- Key parameters
Monitoring and Control
Problems and Opportunities
- Programs
- Tools
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Types of Filtration
Direct Filtration
- Sand or Multi Media
- Cartridge
Cross Flow Filtration
- Reverse Osmosis
- Nano Filtration
- Ultra Filtration
- Micro Filtration
ST Hiao,;co,pe
loric
Relative
Size or
Common
Materials
Ran,-
Osmosis
t
Osmotic Head
Strong Solution
Atutrst Osmosis
Applied Pressure, PF
Permeate Pressure, Pp
Osmotic
Pressure P0,F
Strong Solution
Pure Water
Osmotic Pressure, P
---------i>
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Particulate Matter
Cellulose Acetate
Polysulfone (PSO)
.J
Flow
Polyamide Ultra-thin
Barrier Layer
0.2 micron
Microporous
Polysulfone
40 micron
Reinforcing
Fabric
120 micron
fundamentals
PA Barrier Layer
Polysulfone Backing
/o Rejection =
(TOSfeed - TOSPerm)
TDS1eed
TOSPerm
/o Salt Passage= --TD Steed
x 1 00
x 100
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Permeate fluH
The rate of permeate flow
l t;q\ll!CCI foot
of 1uen11Jnne
J. - '
'"ca.:fft
I
- Hollow Fiber
- Tubular
( Academic )
Concentrate
Permeate
Feedwater
Feedwater and
concentrate spacer
_J
Permeate carrier
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
-
- ; :..
.....
.
..
,,
- -::
. ::::: : : :t .....?:
Feed
Product
(Permeate)
Concentrate
(Reject)
Permeate Aetouery
o/o Recovery =
x 100
Permeate
Feedwater
Concentrate
Make Up
----
>>-
--
-<
-<
>>-
-<
>-
-<
>>>-
-<
-<
-<
---
..-.......
... . ..
<
Bl ow Down
1
Cone. Factor= ------( 1 - Recovery)
Recovery
Concentration
50/o
75/o
80/o
90/o
10
95/o
20
97.5/o
40
98/o
50
Concentration of
scale-forming salts
Osmotic pressure
Permeate quality
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Permeate fluH
The rate of permeate flow
l t;q\ll!CCI foot
of 1uen11Jnne
J. - '
'"ca.:fft
I
8 - 12 GFD
1 O - 14 GFD
14-18 GFD
- RO Permeate
18 - 30 GFD
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Cross flow
. ..l
of a pressure vessel
- Element Permeate
Feed
Permeate
',
Brine
l
1------ ----- tF-----i-j------9p-----f-f-----
L,. . . .
,J
,
VESSEL
Elements
'
1:1 Array
Feed
100 GPM
1000 PPM
Permeate
50GPM
100 PPM
Permeate
-- 75GPM
130 PPM
1 st Stage
Concentrate
21 Stage Feed
50 GPM
1900 PPM
Recovery = 75/o
Salt Rejection = 87/o
Permeate
25 GPM
190 PPM
Concentrate
25GPM
3920 PPM
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Systtm Monitoring
Critical!
Why?-
What? -
Prevent Problems
Optimize Performance
Differential Pressure
Normalized Permeate
Flow rate
Trouble Shooting
Trending ! ! !
/o Rejection =
(TOSfeed - TOSPerm)
x 1 00
TDS1eed
TOSPerm
/o Salt Passage=---- x 100
TD Steed
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Temperature
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
AO-TAN0
120
100
1M
80
Q.
A
v
60
- Permeate Flow
0
IL
40
--
- Differential Pressure
20
- Salt Rejection
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
Operation (Days)
!-+-
s,sttm!
Stalt in AO Mtmbrants
Why?
- Salts exceed their solubility
limit due to the system's
concentration effect
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Mtmbrant Autopsy
Mtthods of Control
System Recovery
Feed water pH reduction
otr<2!_: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
max
""
"
a.. --==============::==
*At a fixed Recovery
Stalt Inhibitors
Mtmbrant Applications
Must NOT -
' ...
G1ITTJEGRii!ilcrnmPUIICft=qrr,mp19
...................
, .,,.. ..,
Untreated
AOl2 Staling
TemperthJre,'f:
ReCOef)'(%)
Rlwwilterptt:
Predittion Program
Feedw.tet"ptt:
Houl'epercl.,-:
,.'1-,now,
,...now,
Concentr111:enow:
....
"*""''
C.2
u
Fe
4U
Al
u
Mn
Si02 C.J<PO,W
1.1
au;
1.42
.......,. 00'
r,.:.-
FNdtlow:
COnc;..._rlletlow:
C.COJ c.504 8eS04 SrS04
-Treeted Opltm6Md
'I,
1U
MAX
C.COJLSI
t.1
42.1
Cef2
......
,.
Al
Mn
Si02
2.t
5.1
1.1
1.42
Jequ,ireme"4:,lb1'$
'2..$
(leaning AO Membranes
Why?
- Restores performance
- Prevent permanent damage
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Tight Spat
ing
Vin
Flow
......
'
'
' '
'
' t
... .
'' ... :.,
'
v.:
.
.
.
.
'
.
.i . .J ' '
,'
,.
Boundary
\.7, ..ii';
Layer
Velocity: Yin>
v:
by 15/o
by 15/o
- Salt Passage
by 15/o
Ust AO-Trtncl
Proper Cleaning Maintenance
Normalized
Permeate
Flowrate
Cleaning after 10-15% decline
Time
t""
>15% decline
Time
Biofouling
Organic Matter
Iron Oxides and Hydroxides
Reuerse Osmosis
fundamentals
Permeate
Concentrate Brine
Cleaning Tank
Pressure
Vessels
2 1