Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 138

<<

<<

 



 
 

 

 
 

 

"! 
'&% #$
 

"( ) 
 ,* #$
.!/ 
 

=<;89: 3.4
67$2!10#
 > 0
"?#!, 
<0C,@ 
* !, 
="D?#!, 
 
 
 
 

< 2010 /$E


|

G E$ H I
L #M <NJE O@,C<0$Q "#$ %&' " 8 JK=$
J
 ! 3 #W X,O  
S (,3 TU3 
< V3 . 7
 KY.Z

 #$ %&' WD6


WK=$ 
2010 / 5 / WNE# 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

C=
V#=
 YJ$ !89:;C=$J
?#  .4I # W
  
 
     

 J#,_^.D 
 
2010 / 5 / NE# O30`

 K=$ 

 

 C=
V&a!

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

  #

 bc.!Dd#$ * ,

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

  QC<

  .!/#$ *

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

  0#$a!

 
 
 
 
 

 e.7/#$ *

( 7  E  I
 

  !  !"  $%$ (' ) % 0 -. +, ,


( 12 8.!9 ) 2. 567 4
30  -: -0 <;  !=9(> @?,
AB -(-F
D3-?  567 '( H!I0 G6! ):(!  )J"B
)L K(B= , MN!RS )O6P PQ  T=9 T3 8, ).  !=9@"U
 .!:-
-0 D W63 !. !=9(> @?,  6([ Z XY,Q :
-
!9@\ ?] Z[(0^? 9O=! ^ , D?,! _O 4
Z^D` !aBPK
 PPQD.
 !=9- K^DbD 4K KO-bA4R
 4.
- 
 :6
DLO DJ , D9,

 .4
 
 
 

   


 fg.
'&%  #$
 
 

 &:h
......... i"
 

 

 KKKKKK 

 

 ! "! KKKKKK


 

 $&'KKKKKK"#$%
 

 0'KKKKKK")* +,-./
 


 
 
 
 
 
 

 ...bY0?kb:jDU
 
 

#$ %&'

|

= 3E$ l

$n$ 

 _H

 GE$HI

 o

= V#
= C

 

(7 EI

 

:h& 

 :

= 3E$ l

 

=V 

 

=7(, 

 

=
 gr

 

sOS O

 

sOS Edh

uH,W#Zh# 

)1W(1
< 

)17C<W(2# Y T

)1:W(3# 

)1:W(4)# 

)1 3nQW(5# 

)1gW(6# 

)1/W(73# 

)1W(8 3HE0h
3_4# 

10

= 3E$ l

$n$ 

 _H

uHWJf#Zh b#3 O

13

)2W(1
< 

14

)2 :H<u<W(2
 

14

)2 :H<u<W(3
 

31

)2W(4#3OO . 0,

40

)2v<W(5#M!2#3 O

52

uHW^fE40h& 3

53

)3W(1
< 

54

)3wY <W(2#  

54

)3K xW(3#!  Y

55

)3$yW(4# 

55

)3W(53#<#$2!1
 3<$

57

)3W(6
Vgh
  <S

59

)3zW(7?# YI.

60

uHw JWKO _u" #. 3nH

62

)4W(1
< 

63

)4W(2 $KE 7 !3O0hb##!TM# 

63

)4W(3 3nQ#.# 

77

= 3E$ l
 _H

$n$ 
uH|<{W30 6  3z$

98

)5W(1
< 

99

)5W(2  w

99

)5W(3 30 6

101

)5W(4 3z$

 

101

=
 K0

103

 W6
K0 O

104

W J
K0 . 0,

106

=
 gr

112

 
 
 
 
 
 
|

=V 
D=#D=#LuHV 

$n$ 

3 1

fb^Mce!cd-!..(?
- 

3 2
4 1

4 2

4 3

4 4

4 5

4 6

4 7

4  8

4   9

 _H
56

eaT,,@-R@ )!3 g

61

^eDi@!he.^
:jD,k$,

64

^eDi@!he.^
:jD,k$,

65

^eDi@!he.^
:jD,k$,

66

^eDi@!he.^
:jD,k$,

67

^eDi@!he.^
:jD,k$,

69

^eDi@!he.^
:ljD,

71

^eDi@!he.^
:ljD,

72

^eDi@!he.^
:ljD,

73

^eDi@!he.^
:ljD,

75

 (L0
bR^! 
bRDi
 
!.bR T
bR= +
bR@% 
- 
-^D
 :!9
- e
-^! .

=V 
D=#D=#LuHV 
4  10
4  11
4  12

4  13

4  14

4  15

4  16

$n$ 

 _H

^eDi@!he.^
:ljD,

76

mK,lT
Rk$,


78

mK,lT
Rk$,


79

mK,lT
Rk$,


80

mK,lT
Rk$,


81

mK,lT
Rk$,


82

mK,lT
Rk$,


83

-^ 

;K%R^?>^ 

bR^! 

bRDi
 

!.bR T

bR= +

bR@%D Tb
To
R@-h
^-;K%n^?>^

4  17

loq^ p


84


 
mK;K%RMar
R^?>^('lo
4  18

q G


86


 

=V 
D=#D=#LuHV 

$n$ 

 _H

mK;K%RMar
R^?>^('lo
4  19

D^q
 :!9


88


 
mK;K%RMar
R^?>^('lo
4  20

q 


92


 
mK;K%RMar
R^?>^('lo
4  21

q^!  


93


 
 22 J4

mK;K%R
R^?>^('loq
^ 

 

96

 
 
 
 
 
 
|

 7(,=
 _H

 $n$

 u7CD=#LuHD=#

23

 ^?>MarquardtDt0

  1 J 2

28

 ^^?>:DuDt0

  2 J 2

29

 ^=^?>I

  3 J 2

55

 
-Dt0

  1 J 3

 

 
|

=
 gr
 

 _H

D=#
_ 

$n$ 

 1

ZvrKO +=w

113

 2

0
-)@ ( 

114

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
|



 
 
#.4I?# D^_.#, J
 

 

"! 
 

'&%  #$
"( ) 
 ,* #$
.!/  
 

sOS O
 



) 
  ( )
q^ (y
.
) (50
.
.SPSS
) (194 .



:
.1
) (
.
.2
)
( .
.3
).(0.05
.4
).(0.05
.5 )
(
).(0.05
.6 )
(
).(0.05

 
 

ABSTRACT
The Impact of Learning Organization Characteristics in
Achieveing Organizational Excellence
Applied Study on the Ministry of Higher Education in Jordan

Prepared by
Asma Salem AL-Nosour
Supervisor
Prof. Dr.
Mohammad Al - Nuiami
This study aimed at revealing the impact of intangible Learning
Organization Characteristics (Continuous Learning; Dialogue; Team Work;
Empowerment and Communication) in achieveing Organizational Excellence
(Leadership; Human Resource; Process; Knowledge and Financial Excellence).
In order to achieve the objective of the study, the researcher designed a
questionnaire consisting of (50) paragraphs to gather the primary information
from study sample. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)
Programming was used to analyze, examine the hypotheses. The study sample
consisted of (194) of the Ministry employees campaign Bachelor and above.
|

The study used many statistical methods such as simple and multi
regression to achieve study objectives. After executing the analysis to study
hypotheses; the sudy concluded that:
i.

The Ministry of Higher Education in Jordan owns the learning

Organization characteristics at level (0.05).


ii.

There is a significant statistical impact to learning Organization

characteristics on Achieveing Organizational Excellence in Jordanian Ministry


of Higher Education at level (0.05).
iii.

There is a significant statistical impact to learning Organization

characteristics (Dialogue; Team Work; Empowerment and Communication)


on Achieveing Organizational Excellence (Leadership; Human Resource;
Process; and Financial Excellence) in Jordanian Ministry of Higher Education
at level (0.05).
iv.

There is a significant statistical impact to learning Organization


characteristics (Continuous Learning, Dialogue; Team Work; Empowerment
and Communication) on Achieveing Organizational Excellence (Knowledge)
in Jordanian Ministry of Higher Education at level (0.05).

According to the findings of the study, the researcher list bellows the
most important are recommendations:
1. Commitment of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific
Research of Jordan to promote the process of continuous interaction with
the beneficiary groups and to achieve satisfaction by introducing the draft
programs and SMS services.
2. Improve the operations of the Ministry of Higher Education and
Scientific Research of Jordan through adoption TQM and re-engineering
business processes; and the competition based on operations.
|

@ @a@a
@ @a@ba@ba
 

<
W(1 1)

 Y T#7C<W(2 1)
 #:W(3 1)
 #):W(4 1)
 #3nQW(5 1)
 #gW(6 1)
 #3/W(7 1)
 #3_4
0h3HE W(8 1)
 

1|

) 1 W(1
< 




.






.


.

)  .(Carmeli & Sheaffer, 2008: 469



) (
|2

)
( .
) & Buckley

  .(Monks, 2008: 147




)  .(Marsick & Watkins, 2003: 147


 Excellence

.

) Learning

Continuousdialogue Team

Empowerment   (Communication
Leadership Resource

)

HumanProcess

Knowledge (Financial Excellence

 .
|3

) 1  7C<W(2#  Y T




.

.


.


.


.

 
*7 C<#Y"M7v H J#r M <&r 0f*?#$O"  !?#< M
 36  W
|4

 <j]<]<^}<]<]<ovf]<^]<j]<]<j]<j<^ W6 
]<]<ovf]<^]<j]<]<<]<j]<^e_<fi<j<^ W J 
){{j]<{{]<^{{<{{m_<^{{<{{W fyy^!yyDyyi
!yy.Tyy
=+@%D) < ]<j]< (Tb^D
:!9e
^!.^(<]<]<ovf]<^]<j]<] 

) 1 : W(3# 
:
.1
.2 ) Learning

Continuous

dialogue Team Empowerment 


(Communication )Leadership  Human

ResourceProcessKnowledge (Financial Excellence



.3


|5

) 1 : W(4)# 


:
.1

.
.2
.
.3
.

|6

) 1 3nQW(5# 


:

nH<,HO1 i
" 6?# D^_.#,J
 
  )
( "

:
 6 :HO1-1?# D^_.#,zJ D
  K
 6 :HO1-2?# D^_.#,zJ$2 K#
 6 :HO1-3?# D^_.#,QzJ Ku
 6 :HO1-4?# D^_.#,zJ  K7
 6 :HO1-5?# D^_.#,zJI6 $ Kuz
 
 

<nH<HO2 Jf
"0$E 6|g"6
 
 ) D
 $ 2# Q
u 7I6 $ (uz 
)?
$#EC.3

Q
(?# D^_.#,J"

 :

|7

0$E6 :HO2-1|g"6

)^!Di
!.T
=+@%D_ O(Tb b?# D^_.#, !J
< $K(0.05)6

0$E6 :HO2-2|g"6

)^!Di
!.T
=+ @% D _ O (Tb  $
O#   EC. ?#  D  ^_.
#,$ < !JK(0.05)6

0$E6 :HO2-3|g"6

)^!Di
!.T
=+@% D_ O (Tb  I?# D^_.#,J
! < $K(0.05)6

0$E6 :HO2-4|g"6

)^!Di
!.T
=+@% D_ O (Tb 
?# D^_.#, ! J
< $K(0.05)6

0$E6 :HO2-5|g"6

 )^!Di
!.T
=+@% D _ O (Tb  
   ?#  D  ^_. #, ! J
< $K(0.05)6

|8

) 1 g W(6# 

. :
 2W EC .

 .
2
WJ7 .
2< WJ

 .2010 2009
2  W
) (Watkins & Marsicks, 1997) 7  D
   $2 # Q  u   7
I6  $ .(uz
)?
$#EC.3
Q 
( )
.(2008

) 1 / W(73#  
:
.1
.

|9

.2 .
.3
.


) 1 W(8 3HE0h
3_4#

 
  WLearning Organization

).(Marqwardt, 2002
  D
   WContinuous Learning

) .(Watkins & Marsicks, 1997


$2 WDialogue #

) .(Watkins & Marsicks, 1997


Q  WTeamwork u

) .(Watkins & Marsicks, 1997


  WEmpowerment 7

) .(Watkins & Marsicks, 1997

| 10

I6  $ WDynamism uz
) & Watkins

 .(Marsicks, 1997
 
 
 W

).(2001
?  WLeadership

)^ .(2002GDD

$#WHuman ResourceEC.

).(Armstrong, 2006

 3

 WProcess



)B
|: .(2009uc

 WKnowledge Q
) & Alavi
.(Leidner, 2001

| 11

 
 WFinancial Excellence

)B
 |:uc

 .(2009

| 12

@ @bra@a
@ @iba@pbaa@a@ba@@@@
 

<
W(1 2)

 
 :H<u<W(2 2)
 
 :H<u<W(3 2)
 . 0,OO3#W(4 2)
 O3#M!2#v<W(5 2)

13 |

) 2 W(1
< 
)(Huber, 1991: 2006: 93

.


).(237 :2008

) 2  :H<u<W(2




).(Marsick & Watkins, 2003: 147

) (Senge, 1994: 4


| 14



).(Drejer, 2000: 206-207
) (Dewar & Whittington, 2004

) (Laurarealph, 2004


) (Yang, et..al, 2004

) (73 :2001
: .
) (Rowden, 2001



) .(7 :2002 ) (Foster, 2001: 7



| 15

) (Marqwardt, 2002: 2

.
) (Bleed, 2004: 1

)
(61 :2006



.




.

| 16

) 2 2 W(1i"02







.
) (Thomas & Allen, 2006: 123-139

) (Haque, 2008: 15-26
:

) (1

100
).(Marqwardt, 2002: 1 - 3
.

) (2

Information Technology
.
| 17

) (3

.

.
.

) (4



.



).(121 :2004

| 18

) (5


.



.

) (6

) (

.

.
.

.

| 19

) 2 2 W(2



) .(Murray, 2003: 306

.
): (Marqwardt, 2002: 32) (Cook, et..al, 1997: 33
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .
.10 .
.11 .
| 20


) (Kelley, et..al, 2007: 206

.
) 114 :2004 (119



.

) 2 2 yW(3



.

) .(rtenblad, 2004: 129-144
:

.1 Senge
) (Senge, 1990
Senge
):(Senge, 2006
| 21

1 1 System Thinking



.
1 2 Personal Mastery

.
1 3 Mental Models

.
1 4 Shared Vision
.
1 5 Team Learning
.

.2 Marquardt
) (Marquardt, 1996: 23

.
: .

| 22


) 2 .(1
) 2 (1
Marquardt

Source: Marquardt, M. J.,(2002), Building the Learning Organization: Mastering the


Five Elements for Corporate Learning, Palo Alto, USA: Davies- Black Inc. Publishing:
24

2 1


. ) (Marquardt, 2002: 24-26 :
.

2 2
) (Marquardt,2002: 27 :

.
| 23

2 3


.
.
.

2 4
.


).(Orlando, et..al,2007: 57

2 5





.

| 24

.3 Redding
62 :1997) Redding (66 .

Naperville .
:
.1
) (
.
.2

.
.3
.
) (Redding, 1997:63
:
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
| 25

- .


) (Kontoghiorghes, et..al, 2005: 188
:
.

.4 Addleson
) (Addleson, 1998: 5-6
The Four Axioms . Addleson
:
.1
.
.2
.
.3
.
.4
.

| 26

.5 AL - Otaibi
) (AL-Otaibi, 2000
.


.


:
.


.

) (AL-Otaibi, 2000: 116 . ) 2 (2
. :
.1 )
(.
.2 )
(.

| 27

.3 )
( .
) 2 (2

Source: Al-Otaibi, S.M.S. (2000), The Learning Organization: Development of a


Conceptual Model and an Instrument for Assessment in Saudi Arabia, unpublished
DBA, University of Hull, UK: 116

.6 James
) (James, 2003
The learning Organization Web

| 28


. ) 2 .(3
) 2 (3

Source: James, C. (2003). Designing Learning Organization, Organizational Dynamics,


Vol. 32, No: 48.



.

) (

| 29

)(James, 2003: 46
.
.1 :
.
.2 :
.
.3 :

.
.4 :

.
.5 :
.
.6 :

.

James, 2003: ) James

| 30

) 4BS (52 Beliefs Balance Bounded


.(Behaviour

) 2  :H<u<W(3

) 2 3 $YH<W(1: 







).(2003
| 31



) .(Pinar & Girard, 2008: 31 ) Nohria, et..al,
(2003: 43
. ) (2003


.

.
) (2003

.

)
(
:
.1 .

| 32

.2


.3
.
.4
.




.

) 2 3 W(2 
<e

):(Grote,2002
.1
.
.2
.
| 33

.3
.
.4
.
.5
.
.6 :
.
) (2001
:
.1
.
.2
.

) 2 3 OW(3 
$08
:
)W(1

| 34



.



.


).(Borghini,2005
)W(2




.

.

| 35



).(Cristina & Colurcio, 2006
)W(3

.


) 43 :2008

.(54
)W(4
) (Stronmgulst & Samoff, 2000:324
.


.

.

| 36

) (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995:59


Tacit Knowledge .Explicit Knowledge

) (Daft, 2001:259

.Knowing About


) .(Know-How ) (Herschel,2000: 41-42



.
)W(5
.

.

.

| 37

)
.(2008

): (Horngren, et..al, 2000: 2
 .
 .
 .
 .

.

/



.
Deming
Baldrige
.

| 38

)W(1 Deming ) (1951


Edward Deming
:
).(2006
)W(2 Baldrige



).(2006
)W(3




.

:
:
.
| 39



)
.(2003
)W(4





) .(1999

) 2 W(4#3OO. 0,
 

#3 O
) (2010 " : "
)
(
.
| 40



.
.

) (2009 " " " "


"
.

.




.
) (2008 " "


| 41

.(1990) Senge 339


.
.

%67 .
.
)(

.
) (2007 " : "


.
22 %73

) (3.91

| 42


.
) (2006 " "



:



.
) (2004 " "

.
: .
:

| 43



162 55
:
.1

.
.2
.
.3
.

) (2004 " : "




:
.1 .

| 44

.2
(
.
.3 .
) (1998 " "
.

.
:
.1
.
.2


.
.3
.

| 45

.4
.

#3 . 06
- ) (Weldy, 2009 " Learning Organization and Transfer: Strategies

" for Improving Performance


.
212




.
- ) (Song, et..al, 2009 " The Dimensions of Learning Organization

"Questionnaire (DLOQ): A Validation Study in a Korean Context



) .(Watkins and Marsick, 1997

| 46


. 1529
)(Watkins and Marsick, 1997

.
- ) (Davis & Daley, 2008 " The Learning Organization and its

" Dimensions as Key Factors in Firms Performance


) (Watkins and Marsick, 1996
.
.
2000


) .(Watkins and Marsick, 1997

.
- ) (Mahbubul, 2008 " A Study of the relationship between the

" learning organization and organizational readiness for change


.
| 47

) (Watkins and Marsick, 1996



.
93






.
- ) (Rebelo & Gomes, 2008 " Organizational Learning and the

" Learning Organization: Reviewing Evolution for Prospecting the Future






.

| 48

) (Chang & Sun, 2007 " Exploring the Correspondence betweenTotal Quality Management and Peter Senges Disciplines of a Learning

" Organization: A Taiwan Perspective


.
.
:



.

) (Liao, 2006 "

A Learning Organization Perspective on

" Knowledge-Sharing Behavior and Firm Innovation


254

| 49

- ) (Kenny, 2006 " Strategy and the Learning Organization: a

" Maturity Model for the Formation of Strategy


.
.
.

.
- ) (Khadra & Rawabdeh, 2006 " Assessment of Development of

" the Learning Organization Concept in Jordanian Industrial Companies



.
41


:


.

| 50

) (Kontoghiorghes, et..al, 2005 " Examining the RelationshipBetween Learning Organization Characteristics and Change Adaptation,

"Innovation, and Organizational Performance



300
256

/
.
) (Sudharatna & Li, 2004 " Learning Organization CharacteristicsContributed to its Readiness-to-Change: A Study of the Thai Mobile Phone

" Service Industry



) (%76.4
) (%52.8 .

.
) (Hughes, 2000 " The Learning Organization: What Is It? DoesIt Constitute a Useful Set of Ideas for the Human Resource Development

? "Practitioner
| 51


.
.

.

.
.

) 2 v<W(5#M!2#3O

:
.1 :

.
.
.2 :
.

| 52

.3 :
.
.
.4 :
.
.

| 53

@ @sbra@a
@ @paaua@a@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
 <
W(1 3)
 #wY <W(2 3)
 Y !#K xW(3 3)
#$yW(4 3)
 3<$
1!$2#<#3W(5 3)
 <S 
ghV
W(6 3)
 YI.#?zW(7 3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
54 |

) 3 W(1
<  



.



.

.
.

 

) 3 wY <W(2#  







.
.

| 55

) 3 K xW(3#!  Y





) (300
) (194.
)3(1

.


) 3 $yW(4# 



)3(1

| 56

)3(1

  
= D

>s

 1



 2

 { V

 3
 $ 

! $3
4

|<
H$2
! $3
|<?#

 D
^_.
#,J

 7#

  .
(%)E$T

 TH
= 30M<u

32

17

<30M     40

77

40

<41M    50

63

32

f*Q  51

22

11

* 

103

53

 1fJ

91

47

$E#$7O 

112

58

$O! 

< > 0

64

33

* #$8

12

=$ 5M<u 3

74

38

<$ 10M<u= 5M 3

52

27

<$ 10 M 3 =   15 M<u

37

19

 f*Q   15

31

16

=$ 5M<u 3

54

28

<$ 10M<u= 5M 3

49

25

<$ 10 M 3 =   15 M<u

47

24

 f*Q   15

44

23

 

) 3  (1
.

| 57

) 3 W(53#<#$2!1
 3<$
:
.1
.
.2



:
) (6 )(5
!. e^[? )

(.
) ( J ) (5
)
) (25

(.

| 58

) ( f ) (5 )(25


.)

(.

.
).(1

)(50 )(51  :


?COQ

Q

E/

6Q

6?COQ

y y  :



 
!H 3

 D

  

$2 #

!.5!.5  ee

Q u

  7

!.5e

!.5e

I6
 $ uz

!.5e

y y  :

$#

 
 

? 

!H 3

!.5!.5  ee

 EC.

 3

!.5e

 Q

!.5e

 

!.5e



| 59

) 3 W(6
Vg6
  <S
 



.


) (SPSS

:
 Cronbach Alpha .

.
 T .
  F .ANOVA

 :

D=W6Q
-^?~2.33 ,TO0 1 [L
Q
-^3.66 2.33 ,D

Q
-^!.!N3r. 3.67 ,L
| 60

) 3 zW(7?# YI.
(0  b:


.

)(8 )(%100

).(2

(3.?# 


.Cronbach Alpha

Alpha
.  Cronbach

Alpha .
 Alpha ) (Alpha 0.60
) .(Sekaran, 2003 )3.(2

| 61

)3(2

 ) (

 .

= )(H

 D
  

0.742

$2 #

0.716

Q u

0.737

  7

0.773

I6 $ uz

0.772

? 

0.891

$# EC.

0.859

 3

0.885

 Q

0.828

10

 

0.811

= D



 

 
 

 u7*J. 6

0.899



)2003

K(Sekaran, ) 3 (2

)(0.773
 ).(0.772
).(0.716

 ) (0.891 
)(0.811
.
| 62

@ @iaa@a
@ @pba@bjna@zna@wbn
 

<
W(1 4)

 #TM!#! 3O0hb#7 KE$ W(2 4)


 #3nQ#. W(3 4)
 









63 |

) 4 W(1
<

 





.
:





) 4 W(2 $KE 7 !3O0hb##!TM# 

 $ <<W6< r?# D^_.#, J
 
  
9:M!O0=<;M<!$xi"e  Ofg.T, W!H
<< $< r?# D^_.#,z|J D
  

)4 .(1


| 64

)4 :(1  
 D
  

= D

 1
 2
 3
4

@$

6)

 O2
 b#

:II
 ?H

< $
 r <6

 -D
 !    T _O
 =


3.64

1.20

 2

< @$

B -3p
 D
 ('  ^!  !J

3.59

1.24

< @$

TS
D
 (' D%i('

3.63

1.15

 3

< @$

' B
 D
  T AB ,q$

3.49

1.26

 5

< @$

e,-n]0-:-!:De,-n i
T PR
-"0=?!QDD
 
@!QZ:-e e,-n
j-D
PQq:
D,e,$D


^e,D;4^! +Q^,:-L

3.70

1.14

 1

<KHI

e,-n^ ,-

@$O26)
b#

3.61

1.20



)4AB (1

D O
 .

)3.49.(3.70 "
$Y0?# E#$4 <3<r$3<$
O?#L
0
 M< MEH|<3
<"

) (3.70  ) (3.61
) (1.14 " "1I?#$uI i"?#<Mr06&DEI3|< "3
 ) (3.49
) (3.61 ).(1.26


.
| 65

<< $< r?# D^_.#,z|J$2# 


)4 .(2
)4 :(2  

@$

$2 #

= D

6)

:II

 O2
 b#

 ?H

< $
 r <6

9  6D
T'(7Z[(0?-? Z

3.08

1.03

 5

< @$

!.D  7D
X^"DL^ MN

3.10

0.99

< @$

)QDD
 UDh PDi
^!

3.20

1.18

 1

< @$

!.DD
!.P.+, (L

3.20

0.99

 1

< @$

10

 !.   TD


  $R , Di


3.18

1.03

 3

< @$

3.15

1.04

 

 8

+ ).+,

?-O 
=.

@$O26)
b#


) 4 (2

AB

z$2.#

) 3.08 .(3.20


"e0$I$?#$YII$2#
 O< YQQ$I$QYQ<?#
 D "!H ) (3.20 
) (3.15 ) 1.18  (0.99 . " KCI$?#
!u.I1!Ya  "& . ) (3.08
) (3.15 ).(1.03

| 66

 
<< $< r?# D^_.#,Qz|Ju 

)4 .(3
)4 :(3  
Q u

= D

 11
 12
 13
14
15

@$

6)

 O2
 b#

:II
 ?H

< $
 r <6

j-D
 !.(S%%~,T^eP

3.57

1.02

 2

< @$

 ,D>?, 9 D


  Dr T

3.28

0.98

< @$

D B
 D
 !. T=9 , T

3.32

1.00

 3

< @$

 D0 q=!:  TD


 (' !. T

3.62

1.07

 1

< @$

B-3p
D
('e"T=9? (D

3.27

1.07

 5

< @$

3.41

1.03

 

 ,D
 l:!L
-,>?e:D, 
^-
  

@$O26)
b#


)4AB (3

Qzr <O

 .u ) 3.27  .(3.62


"o$7IEu$Q1!?#u
?# " I ) (3.62
 ) (3.41 ) .(1.07
| 67

" "*I?#$3gu7CI1!?# "!$  )(3.27


) (3.41 ).(1.07

 
<< $< r?# D^_.#,z|J 7 

)4 .(4
)4 :(4  
  7

= D

 16
 17
 18

@$

6)

 O2
 b#

:II
 ?H

< $
 r <6

 k
9:D,  D
  P:
 %

3.22

1.08

 2

< @$

 D
 D 0 'I 
 P. +,

3.77

0.85

<HI

 j-  +,D
 "!- T : (

3.08

0.89

 4

< @$

PR@U 
^! P
D(-!QSZ e
D: ^ !:-^p (?T,I
D% :- W

19

  3
 T ,YD,D +, 3

3.00

0.89

 5

< @$

? 56L
20

  +, :D
    3
9 b!L
!
 e

@$O26)
b#

3.10

0.89

3.24

0.92

 3

< @$



| 68

) 4 (4

AB

z r <O

  .7 ) 3.00 .(3.77


" I$$J1 (#YQ<?# D
 "YO4.I )(3.77
 ) (3.24 ) .(0.85
"$E
E
! *#Iuu<(#$IDE O<U$<$<*, "89H O
 ) (3.00
) (3.24 ).(0.89

 

<< $< r?# D^_.#,z|JI6 $uz 


)4 .(5





| 69

)4 :(5

 
= D

 21
 22

@$

I6 $ uz

6)

 O2
 b#

:II
 ?H

< $
 r <6

!q3D
((-^!.n

3.28

0.90

 1

< @$

PD
'(9(LT=9

3.06

0.87

< @$

 P,(+
+ P.+,
 -(: T=Y?> D
 (' ?l

BeP,+  23
PP,O0^~Le,
^! +Q
24
25

2.97

0.83

 5

< @$

W1D
- D=, Lb(eO$

3.06

0.88

 3

< @$

!oB
D
 ('l.-^e,D

3.09

0.94

 2

< @$

3.09

0.89

D?Oe@%^D P
+ P.+,

@$O26)
b#

) 4 (5

AB

z r <O

I6  $ .uz ) 2.97 .(3.28


"*I$?#.I !D!I
Q|? "Y<!O
) (3.28  ) (3.09 ).(0.90
" !E u7U  $ 1! ?#  " 3Y< O# YI=< Y
H S
< 3.4
 "0 ) (2.97
) (3.09 ).(0.83

| 70


O.4I$ <<W J 
?# D^_.#,J
9:M!O0r=<;M<!$xi"e  Ofg.T, W!H
<< .4I$.b?# D^_.#,J 

)4 .(6










| 71

)4 :(6  
. b

= D

 26
 27

@$

6)

:II

 O2
 b#

 ?H

< $
  .4

 -3pS
   D
 (' @q

3.09

0.85

 2

< @$

 ADS
   D
 ( 

3.01

0.63

< @$

[+,^?>^ 
?>!
 
?' S
   D
 -7H

 28@U ?  eQ" AB


e
^!+QD +^D P

3.05

0.90

 4

< @$

 PS
   D
  ,O2-
e
29

~ %% f:! AB H-P 4^  +LD


^7re:D?>^?>

3.11

0.82

 1

< @$

^ 
30

' S
   D
 !
AB
 -Q.?q3!,lo

@$O26)
b#

3.07

0.87

3.07

0.81

 3

< @$




) 4 (6

AB

 .4 O.

 .b ) 3.01 .(3.11


"D YIh?#$<=O?##3 SEI i")YIL
KjH$

 :O3E$ D 



" ) (3.11 
) (3.07 ) .(0.82 " i$ Ih?#
$!?# D  O "#  ) (3.01
) (3.07 ).(0.63

| 72


<< O.4I$
$#EC.?# D^_.#,J 

)4 .(7
)4 :(7  
O
$# EC.

= D

 31
 32
 33
34
35

@$

6)

 O2
 b#

:II
 ?H

< $
  .4

  !.D:D
  9 X@% DTb

3.19

1.04

 2

< @$

P:D,  D
D3
9:T=9

3.06

0.71

< @$

XD
(-+,@PK^D

3.04

0.92

 5

< @$

D:D, D
 (- ^T,3

3.18

0.88

 3

< @$

 j-  +,D
 |= ):DO (?O

3.20

0.75

 1

< @$

3.13

0.86

 

^,!I^! +
!
 
$
 
D !:
PPQD@ Yl(Z

@$O26)
b#


) 4 AB (7

O.4 O
$#

 .EC. ) 3.04 .(3.20


" <  $ YIY0$I {7I eE$= ! = ?# "U ! &6
| 73

) (3.20  ) (3.13 ) .(0.75


" TO$ D!O D I ?#<  DY6
_r $ ?#"

) (3.04 ) (3.13
) .(0.92
.


<< O.4I$3?# D^_.#,J 

)4 .(8
)4 :(8  
= D

O 3

@$

6)

 O2
 b#

:II
 ?H

< $
  .4

D D
!Q2ZH!!, e($

3.47

0.92

 1

< @$

[ ( :- e e,-n^~AB L

3.36

0.79

< @$

-D
 ('TKD=?QDDN:-i

3.26

0.79

 4

< @$

39

!QBZ:-e(!e,-n!" 

3.34

0.89

 3

< @$

40

DD
!O!,'(!,T=9P.

3.03

0.81

 5

< @$

3.29

0.84

 

 36
 37
 38

('"eQ^!+Q^? (D
(\`e :!,+o
 P,-R:-

:-e+ e,-n

@$O26)
b#

| 74

) 4 (8

AB

 .3O

) 3.03 .(3.47 


"$I$0O?#& 30g1!) ? <3!r4
0
"!$ )(3.47
 ) (3.29 ) .(0.92
"$I $ O=O ?#< 1!  < u7CO DEI 3 _  YQ|< "3
 ) (3.03 )(3.29
).(0.81


<< O.4I$
Q?# D^_.#,J 

)4 .(9
) 4 (9

AB

 .Q
O

) 3.27 .(3.65 


"$I$uE$_ O?#3J.
4O3<$!H r?< Y$2!1
 " Q
) (3.65  ) (3.38 ).(0.81
"  $Q ?#  DYE ug 1! ?#
 u*C
 !6O U!O 4.I !1

| 75

DYI*&H "DYI  ) (3.27


) (3.38 ).(0.85

)4 :(9  
O
 Q

= D

 41

D D
  T:D  e^! e,D
(L$ P?,D%i('^! ..

@$

6)

 O2
 b#
3.65

0.81

:II
 ?H
 1

< $
  .4
< @$

 W1D
 !.0  P:-T" '( 
-
 42^T39^!(@Y(r('RP
ZL3 .P

3.27

0.85

< @$

 W1D
 ^! .=D? . @e@%
 43 Q
n- l? R^ eP^!
 .Y(r
44

~- D
 =? e,D, QDDM=L
@=
S"D ..!,

3.32

0.91

 3

< @$

3.31

0.76

 4

< @$

9D
(',OBei?+I
45

^ POJ
N@ +LD  :!=L@e

3.33

0.86

 2

< @$

^! ..

@$O26)
b#

3.38

0.84

 







| 76

<< .4I$.
?# D^_.#,J 

)4 .(10
)4 :(10  
.
 

= D

 46
 47
 48
49
50

@$

6)

 O2
 b#

:II
 ?H

< $
  .4

 j-D
 D,
 c .3 ,

3.41

0.84

 1

< @$

D D
  
 :f= >?,

3.20

0.84

< @$

[ D
  |:,`  f

3.02

0.94

 5

< @$

q D
  PL  -IUS
 :!

3.27

0.76

 2

< @$

 qD
 2
  D -Qe.-

3.21

0.92

 3

< @$

3.22

0.86

"PQ .c9
 .P,-R
-70P.^ .
('=PLc9 
? .:-

@$O26)
b#


) 4 (10

AB

 .
O

) 3.02 .(3.41 


"$$<?##<*Kj4sIQYI0 g "sC ) (3.41 
) (3.22 ) .(0.84 "KaI
$ {E< ?# _n   : YQ
" 
) (3.02 ) (3.22 ).(0.94

| 77


) 4 W(3 3nQ#.# 



T :

nH<,HO1 i
" 6?# D^_.#,J

" 


T
 )4.(11

| 78

)4mK (11lT
R

. 

@$

h)

DF

* Sig

< $

 O2
  b# O$lV 30#E2
 6

< r?# D


^_.
#,J



3.300

8.574

0.488

1.282

193

0.000


 

)4 (11

.
 T)(8.574

) ( 0.05 T ) .(1.282 

:





?# D^_.#,J
 $ < !D6

 

)(0.05




T :
 

| 79

:HO1-1

) .(0.05
T
 )4.(12
)4mK (12lT
R

. 

@$

h)

DF

 O2
  b# O$lV 30#E2

* Sig

< $
 6

< r?# D


^_.
#,zJ D



3.611

8.703

0.978

1.282

193

0.000

  


)4 (12

.
 T) (8.703
) ( 0.05 T ) .(1.282 

:





?# D^_.#,zJ D


  ! < $ 6

 

)(0.05
 

| 80

:HO1-2 
) .(0.05
T
 )4.(13
)4mK (13lT
R

. 

@$

h)

DF

 O2
  b# O$lV 30#E2

* Sig

< $
 6

< r?# D


^_.

3.150

2.876

0.728

1.282

193

0.004

#,zJ$2 #





)4 (13

.
 T) (2.876 )( 0.05
T ) .(1.282 
:





?# D^_.#,zJ$2$ < !#(0.05)6

 

 
 
 

| 81

:HO1-3

) .(0.05
T
 )4.(14
)4mK (14lT
R

. 

@$

h)

DF

 O2
  b# O$lV 30#E2

* Sig

< $
 6

< r?# D


^_.
#,QzJ

3.412

7.157

0.802

1.282

193

0.000

 u
)4 (14
.

 T) (7.157 
) ( 0.05 T ) .(1.282 
:





?# D ^ _. #, Q z J $  < !u 6

 

)(0.05
 

| 82

:HO1-4 
) .(0.05
T
 )4.(15
)4mK (15lT
R

. 

@$

h)

DF

 O2
  b# O$lV 30#E2

* Sig

< $
 6

< r?# D


^_.
#,zJ

3.235

5.345

0.612

1.282

193

0.000

  7
)4 (15
.
 T) (5.345 )( 0.05
T ) .(1.282 
:





 

 

?# D^_.#,zJ $ < !7(0.05)6


 
 

| 83

:HO1-5

) .(0.05
T
 )4.(16
)4mK (16lT
R

. 

@$

h)

DF

 O2
  b# O$lV 30#E2

* Sig

< $
 6

< r?# D


^_.
#,zJ

3.092

2.129

0.607

1.282

193

0.035

I6 $ uz
)4 (16
.
 T) (2.129
) ( 0.05 T ) .(1.282 

:





?# D^_.#,zJ I6 $$  < !u z

 

(0.05)6
| 84

<nH<HO2 Jf
"0$E 6|g"6
 
 ) D
 $ 2 #  Q u
 7I ( J, 
)?
$#EC.3
Q
 
(?# D^_.#,J 
 

) 4  .(17

) 4  (17

. 

) (R

.I#6 

) (R2
<<u
 _ E

O$l

V

  

<<u

30#

6  #E2

>I




DF

* Sig

< $
 6

1
0.690

0.476

174.479

 
 

3.84

0.676

192

0.000

193

*D=:Mar@ ( 0.05)jD,-?(K%"B

) 4 (17
.


| 85

(0.690) R ).( 0.05 R2 ) (0.476


) (0.476
(0.676) 

) .(0.676 F ) (174.479 y7
) ( 0.05 F ) .(3.84

 :




 

$0 >Ib| E$ < 6



 
$O?# D
^_.#,$ < !J(0.05)6




:
 

0$E6 :HO2-1|g"6

)^!Di
!.T
=+@%D_ O(Tb b?# D^_.#, !J
< $K(0.05)6

) 4
.(18

| 86

) 4 (18 

. 

 D
 !1
  b
$21!# 
 b
Q1!u 
 b
 1!7 
 b
I6 $uz
!1  b

) (R

.I#6 

) (R2
<<u
 _ E

O$lV

  

<<u

DF

30#

6  #E2

* Sig

< $
 6

1
0.076

0.006

1.107

3.84

0.045

0.342

0.117

25.498

3.84

0.271

0.406

0.165

37.963

3.84

0.292

0.583

0.339

98.629

3.84

0.549

0.564

0.318

89.664

3.84

0.536

192

0.294

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193

*D=:Mar@ ( 0.05)jD,-?(K%"B
 

) 4 (18 
.
 (0.076) R
).( 0.05 R2 ) (0.006 ) (0.006
| 87

(0.045)

) .(0.045 F ) (1.107
) ( 0.05 F ) .(3.84
.


 0.342) R 0.406 0.583 (0.564
).( 0.05 R2 ) 0.117 0.165 0.339 (0.318
) 0.117 0.165 0.339 (0.318



0.271) 0.292 0.549 (0.536
) 0.271

0.292 0.549 (0.536 . F


) (25.498 (37.963) ) (98.629 ) (89.664
) ( 0.05 F )(3.84

:
 

 0
$ > Ib | E$ < 6
 
 )$ 2# Q u 7
 

I6 $_ O(u z b?# D^_. #, J

 
 
! < $(0.05)6
 

| 88

0$E6 :HO2-2|g"6

)^!Di
!.T
=+ @% D _ O (Tb  $
O#   EC. ?#  D  ^_.
#,$ < !JK(0.05)6

) 4
.(19

) 4 (19

. 

) (R

.I#6 

) (R2
<<u
 _ E

O$lV

  

<<u

$
O# EC.
Q1!u 
$
O# EC.
 1!7 
$
O# EC.

0.035

0.001

0.234

3.84

0.023

 6

192

0.629

193
1
0.457

0.209

50.758

3.84

0.410

0.422

0.178

41.509

3.84

0.344

0.530

0.281

75.119

3.84

0.566

192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193

I6 $uz
!1 $
O#

< $

 EC.
$21!# 

30#

6  #E2

 D
 !1
 $
O#

DF

* Sig

1
0.544

0.296

 EC.

80.542

3.84

0.586

192

0.000

193

*D=:Mar@( 0.05)jD,-?(K%"B

| 89

) 4 (19
 .

 (0.035) R ).( 0.05 R2 ) (0.001
) (0.001
(0.023)
) .(0.023 F
) (0.234 ) ( 0.05 F
) .(3.84 .

 R
) 0.457 0.422 0.530 (0.544 ) 0.05

.( R2

) 0.209 0.178 0.281 (0.296 ) 0.209 0.178 0.281


(0.296
0.410) 0.344 0.566


(0.586
) 0.410 0.344 0.566

(0.586 . F ) (50.758
) (41.509 ) (75.119 ) (80.542

| 90

) ( 0.05 F ) (3.84

:
 

 0
$ > Ib | E$ < 6
 
 )$ 2# Q u 7
 

I6 $_ O(u z $


O# EC.?# D ^ _. 
 
#,$ < !J(0.05)6
 
 




0$E6 :HO2-3|g"6

)^!Di
!.T
=+@% D_ O (Tb  I?# D^_.#,J
! < $K(0.05)6

) 4
.(20

) 4 (20 
.

 R
) (0.116 ).( 0.05 R2 ) (0.014 )(0.014
(0.106)

) .(0.106 F ) (2.641
) ( 0.05 F ) .(3.84
| 91

.


 0.538) R 0.537 0.530 (0.583
).( 0.05 R2 ) 0.290 0.289 0.309

(0.340 ) 0.290 0.289 0.309 (0.340




0.414) 0.375 0.509 (0.538

) 0.414 0.375 0.509 (0.538 . F


) (78.361 (77.952) ) (85.951
) (99.034 ) ( 0.05
F ) (3.84
:
 

 0
$ > Ib | E$ < 6
 
 )$ 2# Q u 7
 

I6 $_ O(uz I?# D^_.#,J


 
! < $(0.05)6
 
 

| 92

) 4 (20 

. 

 D
 !1
  I
$21!# 
 I
Q1!u 
 I
 1!7 
 I
I6 $uz
!1  I

) (R

.I#6 

) (R2
<<u
 _ E

O$lV

  

<<u

DF

30#

6  #E2

* Sig

< $
 6

1
0.116

0.014

2.641

3.84

0.106

0.538

0.290

78.361

3.84

0.414

0.537

0.289

77.952

3.84

0.375

0.556

0.309

85.951

3.84

0.509

0.583

0.340

99.034

3.84

0.538

192

0.067

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193

*D=:Mar@( 0.05)jD,-?(K%"B






| 93

0$E6 :HO2-4|g"6

)^!Di
!.T
=+@% D_ O (Tb 
 ?# D^_.#, ! J
< $K(0.05)6

) 4
.(21

) 4 (21 

. 

 D
 !1
 
 
$21!# 

 
Q1!u 

 
 1!7 

 
I6 $uz
!1 
 

) (R

.I#6 

) (R2
<<u
 _ E

O$lV

  

<<u

DF

30#

6  #E2

* Sig

< $
 6

1
0.005

0.000

0.004

3.84

0.003

0.472

0.223

55.028

3.84

0.371

0.385

0.148

33.366

3.84

0.275

0.490

0.240

60.726

3.84

0.458

0.481

0.232

57.941

3.84

0.454

192

0.950

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193

*D=:Mar@( 0.05)jD,-?(K%"B

| 94

) 4 (21 
.


(0.005) R ).( 0.05 R2 ) (0.000

) (0.000
) (0.003
) .(0.003 F )(0.004
) ( 0.05 F ) .(3.84
.


 0.472) R 0.385 0.490
(0.481 ).( 0.05 R2 ) 0.223 0.148

0.240 (0.232 ) 0.223 0.148 0.240 (0.232




0.371) 0.275 0.458 (0.454


) 0.371 0.275 0.458 (0.454 .
F ) (55.028 (33.366) ) (60.726
) (57.941 ) ( 0.05

| 95

F ) (3.84
:
 

 0
$ > Ib | E$ < 6
 
 )$ 2# Q u 7
 

I6 $_ O(u z 


?#  D ^ _. #, J

 
 
! < $(0.05)6
 



0$E6 :HO2-5|g"6

)^!Di
!.T
=+@% D_ O (Tb 
 ?#  D^_.#, ! J
< $K(0.05)6

) 4
.(22

| 96

) 4 (22 

. 

 D
 !1
 
 
$21!# 

 
Q1!u 

 
 1!7 

 
I6 $uz
!1 
 

) (R

.I#6 

) (R2
<<u
 _ E

O$lV

  

<<u

DF

30#

6  #E2

* Sig

< $
 6

1
0.228

0.052

10.488

3.84

0.132

0.354

0.126

27.593

3.84

0.276

0.269

0.072

15.006

3.84

0.191

0.531

0.282

75.450

3.84

0.493

0.414

0.171

39.603

3.84

0.387

192

0.001

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193
1
192

0.000

193

*D=:Mar@ ( 0.05)jD,-?(K%"B


) 4 (22 
.

 R
) 0.228 0.354 0.269 0.531 (0.414 ).( 0.05
| 97

R2 ) 0.052 0.126 0.072 0.282 (0.171



) 0.052 0.276 0.072 0.282 (0.171

0.132) 0.276 0.191 0.493 (0.387


) 0.132 0.276 0.191 0.493 (0.387 .
F ) (10.488 (27.593)
) (15.006 ) (75.450 ) (39.603
) ( 0.05 F ) (3.84
:
 

$0  >Ib|E$ < 6



) D
 $2#Q u
 

 7I6 $_ O(u z 


?# D^_. 

 
 
#,$ < !J(0.05)6
 

@ @

| 98

@ @ba@a
@ @pbna@pbubnna
 

<
W(1 5)

 w W(2 5)
 30 6W(3 5)
 3z$ W(4 5)


 













99 |

) 5 W(1
<

 


.

: .

 

) 5 W(2  w






:
.7
) (
.
.8
) (
.
.9
) .(0.05 ) (2007

| 100

)(3.91
. ) (2006
.
.10

) .(0.05
) (Weldy, 2009

.
.11

(
) .(0.05
) (Davis & Daley, 2008
.
.12

(
) (0.05 ) Khadra & Rawabdeh,

(2006
:

.
| 101

) 5 W(3 30 6
.1
.
.2 .
.3
.
.4
.
.5 .
.6

.7
.

) 5 W(4  3z$

.3

.

| 102

.4

.
.5

.
.6

.
.7

.
.8

.
.9

.
.10
.
| 103




@ @uaa@b
 OK0
W6

 . 0,K0
W J


 
















104 |

W6
K0 O


.1 " (2001) " :
.
.2 " (2001) "
: .
.3 " (2006)
" .

.4 " (2009)
: " :
.
.5 " (2004)
" ) (44 ).63-22 :(1
.6 " (2007)

: "
) (3 ).491 -466 :(4
.7 " (2006)

"
:.

| 105

.8 .(2008)
.
.9 " (2003) : " :
.
.10 " (2002) "
"
" 8 9 1423 12-10.
.11 " (2001) " :
.
.12 " (2006) "
.
.13 " (2008)
" 48 .475-435 :3
.14 " (2004) :
" 20 4-23 :
.49
.15 " (2004) " :
.

| 106

.16 " (2009)


" 5
.45 19 :1
.17 " (2010)
" 6 :2
.183 163
.18 " (2008) : "
: .

.19 " (2008)


: " :.
.20 " (1998) "
) (37 ).705-681 :(4


W J
K0 . 0,

1. Addleson, M, (1998), What is a Learning Organization,
http://pos.gmu.edu/ home/perspective.ns.
2. Alavi, Maryam, and Leidner Dorothy E., (2001), Knowledge
Conceptual

Systems:

Management

Knowledge

and

Management

Foundations and Research ISSUES, Yarmouk University Data Base,


Management Informations Systems, Vol. 25, Issue 1:1-29.
| 107

3. Al-Otaibi, S.M.S, (2000), The Learning organization: development of


a conceptual model and an Instrument for Assessment in Saudi Arabia,
unpublished DBA, University of Hull, UK.
4. Armstrong, Michael, (2006), "A Handbook of Human Rsource
Management Practice", Kogan Page, 10th ed, U.S.A.
5. Bleed,

R.

(2004).

Learning

organization,http//

www.Dist.Maricopa.ed.
6. Borghini, E.C. (2005), ""A Framework for the study of relationships
between organizational characteristics and organizational innovation", The
Journal of Creative Behavior, Vo. 31, No.1: 226-289.
7. Buckley, Finian & Monks, Kathy, (2008), Responding to Managers
Learning Needs in an Edge of- Chaos Environment: Insights from
Ireland Journal of Management Education, Vol. 32, No. 2: 146-163.
8. Carmeli, Abraham & Sheaffer, Zachary, (2008), How Learning
Leadership and Organizational Learning from Failures Enhance Perceived
Organizational Capacity to Adapt to the Task Environment The Journal
of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 44, No. 4: 468-489.
9. Chang, D & Su, K, (2007), Exploring the correspondence between
total quality management and Peter Senges Disciplines of a Learning
Organization: A Taiwan Perspective, Total Quality Management, Vol.
18, No. 7: 807822.
10.Cook, J.A., Staniforth, D. and Stewart, J. (Eds) (1997), The Learning
Organisation in the Public Services, Gower, Hampshire.

108 |

11.Cristina, Mele, Colurcio, Maria, (2006), The evolving path of TQM:


towards business excellence and stakeholder value, International
Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol.23, No.5: 464-489.
12.Daft, Richard L., (2001), Organization Theory and Design, South
Western College Publishing Ohio.
13.Davis, D & Daley, B. J., (2008), The learning organization and its
dimensions as key factors in firms performance, Human Resource
Development International, Vol. 11, No. 1: 5166.
14.Dewar, Tammy & Whittington, Dave, (2004), A strategic approach to
Organisational learning, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol.36,
No.2: 265-268.
15.Drejer,

A.

(2000),

Organizational

learning

and

competence

development, The Learning Organization, Vol. 7 No. 4: 206-220.


16.Foster, J. (2001). "Developing a learning organization: three critical
elements", Paper Presented at the American Association for Higher
Education National Conference on Higher Education, Washington DC,
http: www.fpc.educ/strtegic.
17.Gephart, D. (1996). The Learning organization made plain, Training
& Development, Vol. 45, No. 10: 37-44.
18.Grote, Dick,(2002), The Performance Appraisal Qustion And
AnswerBook Survival Guide For Managers, United States Of America.
19.Herschel, R.T., (2000), Chief Knowledge Officer: Critical Success
factor

for

Knowledge

Management:

Information

Strategy,

The

International of Human Resource Management, Vol.16, Issue.4: 41-42.


109 |

20.Huber, G. (1991). Organizational learning, organizational science,


Vol.2: 88-115.
21.Hughes, J. (2000). The Learning organization: what is it? Does it
constitute a useful set of ideas for the human resource development
practitioner? CLMS Working Paper, Leicester University, Center of
Labor Market Studies. UK.
22. James, C. (2003), Designing Learning Organization, Organizational
Dynamics, Vol. (32), No. (1).
23. Kelly, Diane R.; Murray Lough; Rosemary Rushmer; Joyce E.
Wilkinson; Gail Greig and Huw T. O. Davies, (2007), Delivering
feedback on learning organization characteristics using a Learning
Practice Inventory, Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, Vol. 13,
No.5: 734740.
24.Kenny, John, (2006), Strategy and the learning organization: a
maturity model for the formation of strategy, The Learning
Organization, Vol. 13 No. 4: 353-368.
25. Khadra, M. F & Rawabdeh, I. A., (2006), Assessment of development
of the learning organization concept in Jordanian industrial companies,
The Learning Organization, Vol. 13, No. 5: 455-474.
26.Kontoghiorghes, C; Susan, M. A and Pamela L. F, (2005), Examining
the relationship between learning organization characteristics and change
adaptation, innovation, and organizational performance, Working Paper.

110 |

27. Liao, L, (2006), A learning organization perspective on knowledgesharing behavior and firm innovation, Human Systems Management, 25:
227236.
28. Marquardt, B. (1996), Learning to Change: An Information
perspective on Learning Organization, Business Quarterly, Vol. 61, No.
2: 23.
29. Marquardt, M. J. (2002), Building the learning organization:
mastering the five elements for corporate learning, Palo Alto, USA:
Davies-Black Inc.
30.Watkins, Karen E. & Marsick, Victoria J. (Eds.), (May 2003). Making
Learning Count! Diagnosing the Learning Culture in Organizations, Advances in
Developing Human Resources, Vol. 5, No.2. Thousand Oaks, Ca:Sage.

31. Murray, P., Chapman, R. (2003), "From continuous improvement to


organizational

learning:

developmental

theory",

The

Learning

Organization, Vol. 10 No.5: 272-82.


32. Rebelo, T. M & Gomes, A, (2008), Organizational learning and the
learning organization: Reviewing evolution for prospecting the future,
The Learning Organization, Vol. 15 No. 4:294-308.
33.Redding, J., (1997), Hardwiring the Learning Organization, Training
& Development, Augst.
34. Rowden, W. R. (2001), "The learning organization and Strategic
change", Advanced Management Journal, Vol.66, No.3: 11-17.
35.Sekaran, Uma, (2003), "Research Methods for Business", John Wiley
& Sons.
111 |

36.Senge, Peter, (1994), "The fifth discipline: the art and practice of the
learning organization", Doubleday Dell Publishing Group.
37. Song, J; Song, B, and Thomas J. C., (2009), The dimensions of
learning organization questionnaire (DLOQ): A validation study in a
Korean context, Human Resource Development, Vol. 20, No. 1: 43-64.
38. Stronmgulst, N, & Samoff. J., (2000), Knowledge Management
System: On the Promise and Actual forms of Information Technology.
Journal of Comparative Education, Vol. 30, Issue. 3: 324.
39.Sudharatna, Y and Li, L, (2004), "Learning organization characteristics
contributed to its readiness-to-change: a study of the Thai mobile phone
service industry", Managing Global Transitions, Vol. 2, No. (2): 163
178.
40. Thomas, K., Allen, S. (2006), "The learning organisation: a metaanalysis of themes in literature", The Learning Organization, Vol. 13
No.2, pp.123-139.
41.Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (1997), Dimensions of the learning
organization questionnaire Survey, Warwick, RI: Partners for the
Learning Organization.
42.Weldy, T. G, (2009), Learning organization and transfer: strategies for
improving performance, The Learning Organization, Vol. 16, No. 1: 5868.
43. Yang, B. et. Al, (2004), "The Construct of the Learning Organization:
Dimensions:

Management

and

Validation",

Development Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 1.


112 |

Human

Recourse





@ @ya@b
 7l'&O=W6
 (J. 6)#?W J
















113 |



<_) (1

=&'O 7l
  S

<7Lu <V

=  D D6


1

K K
 

 

   

K"#K!  

 

   

 $%&'()*+K

 

   

,' K '  

 -./01

   

*3K 

 

   














| 114



<_) (2

?#) (J. 6


 <^XJ. J
# 



 
 
?# D^_.#, J
^g.
'&%  #$
(O)
 ,* #$
.!/ 

 
 
 
 
| 115

 DgMcDO
<<
<<
< <f<<JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ<K<^]<<<K<^j]

"

 D?
-N"D
>?^;K%R!a0-:-oABH-P4"J#,_^.D ?#
 .  

p^qlo ^
B B .3!>  PQ , ?^ QS MIr G0! $J@ T[L +Q

mK?O('-3|=?QS O-@ e(


.3(QS=
@!B-~ @
 De,D^.3 r(YTbD4
 .



^g.
 #$ %&'


 
 

116 |

|svQ
 
@ @ @ @

) (1 @ @

@ @

=@ @ 30M<u

@ @

<@ @   4030M

@ @

<@ @ 5041M

@ @

@ @ f*Q  51

@ @

 
) (2 { V

 
* 

 1fJ

 
 

) (3
 $  

$E#$7O 

$O! 

< > 0

* #$ 8

 
 

)! (4 $3|<H$ 2


=$ 5M<u 3

< 6M$ 10 3

< 11M  15

 f*Q 16

)! (5 $3|<?# D

^_.#, J

=$ 5M<u 3

< 6M$ 10 3

< 11M  15

 f*Q  16






| 117




 
OuO0h
 ?H

 3

Q
6Q
Q
6 gi"  Q Q
 ?CO
 ?CO
< 

 D
 
1

 -D
 !   T _O
 =
 e,-n]0 -:-  !:De,-n
 i

B-3p
D
('^! !JT PR

TS
D
('D%i('-"0=?!QDD
 

'B
D
TAB,q$@!QZ:-e e,-n

 j-D
 PQ q:
D, e,$ D
 ^ e,D ; 4^!+Q
^,:-Le,-n^ ,-





















$2#
6

9D
T'(7Z[(0?-? Z

!.DD
X^"DL^ MN

)QDD
UDhPDi
^!+ P.+,

!.DD
!.P.+, (L

!. 10 TD


$R,Di
?-O 
=.































Qu
j- 11D
!.(S%%~,T^eP ,D
,D>?,9 12D
DrT l:!L
D 13B
D
!.T=9-,>?e:D,,T 
D0q=!: 14 TD
('!.T^-
  
B-3p 15
D
('e"T=9? (D




























| 118








OuO0h
 ?H

 3

Q
6Q
Q
6 gi"  Q Q
 ?CO
 ?CO
< 

 7
k
9: 16D, D
P:
%PR@U 
 17D
D 0'I
P.+,^! P
j- 18 +,D
"!-T:(D(-!QSZ e
!.D 19D
X^"DL^ MN
 +,: 20D
 3
9b!L!
 e































I6 $uz
q3! 21D
((-^!. P,(+n
-3p 22D
('+(LT=9 P.+,
23

 -(: T=Y?> D


 (' ?B eP, + l
 P P,O0^~L
e,^! .+Q

W1 24D
- D=, Lb(eO$D?Oe@%^D P
!o 25B
D
('l.-^+e,D P.+,








































| 119


 
 
OuO0h
 ?H

 3

Q
6Q
Q
6 gi"  Q Q
 ?CO
 ?CO
< 

?
-3p 26S
 D
('@q[>?,+, 
AD 27S
 D
(?>!
 
28
29

?' S
   D
 -7 H@U ?  eQ" AB
e
^! +Q
PS
  D
 ,O2-
e~%%f:! ABH-P4^+LD
^7re:D?>>?, 

' 30S
 D
!
 -Q.?q3!,loAB
















$#EC.
 !.D: 31D
9X@%DTb^,!I^! +
P: 32D, D
D3
9:T=9!
 
X 33D
(-+,@PK^$D
 
D: 34D, D
(-^T,3D !:
j- 35 +,D
PPQD|=):DO(?O@ Yl(Z































3
D 36D
!Q2ZeQ"'(H!!,e($^!+Q^? (D
:-e([ 37e,-n^~\`e(ABL :!,+o
- 38D
('TKD=?QDD P,-R:- N:-i
!QB 39Z:-e(!e,-n!" 
D 40D
!O!,'(!,T=9:-e+P. e,-n




























| 120








 
 
OuO0h
 ?H

 3

Q
6Q
Q
6 gi"  Q Q
 ?CO
 ?CO
< 

Q
41
42
43

D D
  T:D  e^! e,D ( L$   P?,D%i ('
^! .
 W1D
 !.0  P:- T" '( 
-^ T39^! (@ Y(r ('
RPZL3 P
W1D
^!.=D?.@e@%Q
n-l?R^eP^!
 Y(r

-~ 44D
=?e,D,QDDM=L@=
S"D .!,
45

 9D
 ('  ,OB ei? + I^ POJ
N@ +LD  :!=L
@e^! .


j- 46D
D,
c.3,"PQ c9
D 47D

: P,-Rf=>?,
[ 48D
|:,`-70fP.^ 
q 49D
PL -IUS
:!('=PL c9
q 50D
2
D-Qe.-? :-































| 121







You might also like