Indonesian Renewable Energy

Wind
Introduction

Mathematical Formula

Generating Power (whole system)

power per person=( wind power ) x (area per person)

Power per unit area

Power per single windmill

1
2
mv
Kinetic
2
1
PA=
=
= v3
At
2
(time)( area)
P= P A A=

1
1
A v 3 d 2
2
4

Power per unit land area

1
3 1
2
A v d
P
2
4
=
2
AL
(5 d )

Wind speed to height relation

z
v ( z )=v10
10

1 /7

( )

; NREL

log
v ( z )=vref

( zz )
0

z
log ref
z0

( )

; DWIA

Number

Wind Speed
Power Density
Area per person
Depth: < 30 m for shallow offshore and 30-50 m for deep offshore
4 km radius from coastline for shallow and 9 km for deep (UK)
1/3 areas being used for offshore due to other business

Energy Generated

2 W/m2 (6 m/s) for onshore in UK

3 W/m2 for offshore in UK

Problem

Large area required

Fluctuation of the energy
Corrosive effect for the offshore
Consider for shipping corridor and fishing areas for offshore wind
Deep offshore program is economically infeasible
Not enough data of wind velocity in Indonesia

Existing Program

Wellington(NZ), Whitelee windfarm, Ricky Elson Ciheras, (Germany, Denmark,

Amsterdam, etc)
Kentish Flats, Horns Reef, The North Hoyle
Best Place in Indonesia: Pantai Selatan, Nusa Tenggara, Bali

Further Reading

Solar

UK Wind Energy Database

Albert Betz and physics of windmill (1919)
Load factor of the windmill

Introduction

Mathematical Formula

Generating Power (whole system) for Solar thermal and Solar PV

Possible to improve via solar farming (very large area, about 10% of the country)
Generating Power for biomass

P= I A

P=(density power ) x (area)

Number

Efficiency = 10-20% for PV; 50% for thermal

Solar Intensity
Power Density

Area per person

Energy Generated

110 W/m2 in UK 5 kWh/day/person for PV or 50 kWh/day/person for solar farming

Problem

Limited at 45-60% efficiency

Highly expensive installation cost
Small contribution from biomass for coal&petroleum substitution

Existing Program

Terra Firma, Malaysia, China, Germany, USA, SunPower, Sanyo, SunTech

Bavaria Solar park, Nellis Solar Power Plant, Serpa Solar Power Plant
Heliodynamics

Further Reading

Shockley-Queisser Limit
Triple junction limit