A THESIS PROJECT REPORT

TITLE
CULTURAL HABITAT CENTRE
NOIDA,UTTAR PRADESH.
Submitted by
D.PRADEEP KUMAR
1450910032
under the guidance of
Mr. Karthick Asst. Professor

SRM School of Architecture & Interior Design

In partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

SRM UNIVERSITY
KATTANKULATHUR
KANCHEEPURAM District 603 203
May 2014

SRM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE & INTERIOR DESIGN

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SRM UNIVERSITY
S.R.M Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District 603 203, Tamil Nadu.
_______________________________________________________________

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report titled Cultural Habitat Centre,Noida, Uttar Pradesh
is a bonafide record of Work done by D. PRADEEP KUMAR Reg.No: 1450910032
who carried out the work under my supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my
knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of any other project report or
dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was confirmed on an earlier
occasion.

Asst. Prof. Mr. karthick

Prof.M.Thirumeni

THESIS GUIDE

Dean, S.R.M.School of
Architecture & Interior Design

External Examiner

CONTENTS
1) Abstract
2) Acknowledgements
3) Synopsis
4) Area Requirements
5) Standards
6) Site analysis
7) Casestudies and literature study

ABSTRACT

International convention of the global standard is considered to be one of the important

segments for promoting India as an attractive tourist destination in the global market.
Ministry of finance has already identified New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Goa and Jaipur for
opening of world-class convention centres. Several initiatives have been taken up by way of
public-private partnership to develop small convention centres of high standard. India is
undoubtedly a unique Conference Destination as it offers cultural and heritage sites, the
exotic and mystical, excellent facilities of beach and adventure holidays which can be
combined as pre and post conference tours. Each and every city, country in the world is
trying to compete with one another and trying to exhibit their products, thus increasing the
economy of the country. But there is no proper provision for a place where exchange of ideas,
exhibiting the products could take place. Generally Convention is adjoined with a Hotel.
Separate space for convention and exhibition of world class standards is very less in India.
This Thesis addresses a number of issues which have been on my mind since I decided to do
this project. I hope with the implementation of Green Building designing concepts, I have
attempted to design a Convention And Exhibition Center with world class standard thus
enabling us to create a apt environment for trading of ideas and products.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank all my professors at the School of Architecture, S.R.M. University for
providing me with knowledge and support to develop my thesis.

I am deeply indebted to Prof.Mr.Thirumeni, HOD, Dept of Architecture for his useful guidance,
constructive ideas, unstinted co-operation and encouragement rendered throughout the
thesis work.

In particular, I am indebted to Asst.professor Mr. karthick , my internal thesis guide for his
continuous guidance, helpful comments, encouraging words, and tremendous support at
every stage of my work.

I acknowledge my gratitude to Ar. sharath chandrakanth, my external thesis guide for his
guidance and valuable suggestion rendered during the reviews. His insight comments,
discussions, and suggestions enhanced the quality of design considerably.

Finally I am grateful to my Parents, for their continuous support and encouragement

throughout the thesis.

I shall express my gratitude to everyone who has helped me along the way providing
intellectual, physical, and emotional support. I am profoundly grateful to all.

THESIS SYNOPSIS
PROJECT TITLE :- CULTURAL HABITAT CENTRE.
SITE:- SECTOR 33A, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH.
SITE LOCATION: SECTOR 33A, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH.
PROJECT TYPE: HABITAT CENTRE
PROMOTORS : GOVERNMENT(NOIDA CEVELOPMENTAL AUTHORITY)
SITE AREA : 12.68 ACRES.
SITE ACCESS:
o VIDHYACHAL MARG(NORTH WEST)
o 19.2 FROM NEW DELHI.
o 3.3 KM FROM METRO (NOIDA CITY CENTRE). o 27.9 KM FROM INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT.

AIM:To create a holistic space in order to promote the heritage and art of the region and India.

OBJECTIVE:i. To promote art and heritage with regard to performing art like dance, drama, music,
painting, sculpture, cultural heritage, architecture, cuisine.
ii. Providing a space for the public so as to promote the art and culture of the society and act
as a single venue to host different art forms.

THRUST AREA:sustainable technology with building intelligence system.

SCOPE:1. Thrust Area: Sustainable Architecture(passive techniques)

2. Creating recreational space, open outdoor spaces for social gathering.

LIMITATIONS:1. Detailed Structural drawings.

2. Detailed Services working drawings.

REQUIREMENTS:1. Outdoor spaces landscape garden (theme),plazas and shades.

2. Convention facilities
3. Banquet hall
4. Mini halls
5. Conference halls
6. Exhibition hall
7. Hotel
8. Guest accommodation (club house with gym and indoor sports). Outdoor spaces
landscape garden (theme),plazas and shades.
9. Public gathering spots.

CASE STUDIES:INDIAN HABITAT CENTER , NEW DELHI.

INDIAN INTERNATIONAL CENTER NEW DELHI.
LITERATURE STUDIES:DALIAN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CENTRE.
HARPA- CONCERT AND CONFERENCE CENTRE

AREA STATEMENT
CONVENTION CENTRE ( business oriented) various capacity of halls.

Hall 1 1500 capacity

Hall 2 1000 capacity
Mini hall 2 500 capacity

2500
1500
750

PREFUNCTION AREA

(1500)
Lobby/ reception/waiting area
Information desk
Meeting rooms
4nos(40sqm)
Show Manager room
Office room
Maintenance
Public toilet
services

1080
20
160
30
50
40

EXHIBITION/MULTIPURPOSE HALL
Conference hall
20 member (2 no)
40 member (2 no)
Banquet hall
500 capacity
Dining area
500 capacity
Kitchen
Toilets
services

ARTIPLEX(culture oriented) 1 auditoriums

Control room
Backstage
Storage
Green Rooms
Toilets
services

4 nos(20sqm)

open food courts with public recreation spots.

PARKING
1 car for every 75 sqm.

SERVICES (as per the gross built up area)

2000
80
160
500
500
250

(300capacity)

300
50
50
100
80

Toilets
AHU
Ac plant (chiller plant)
Generator and power room
Electrical roomand electric substation
Water treatment plant
Sewage plant
Parking
Control room
B.M.S.room.

HOTEL AREA STATEMENT

ADMINISTRATION
Administration Office
Reception and Waiting Area
Manager Room
Asst Manager Room
Secretary Room
Safe Deposit Lockers
Record Room
Furniture Store
Public Relation Officer
Resource manager
credit manager
copier and store
OTHER FACILITIES
Restaurants
Bar (Lounge Bar and Pool Side)
24 Hr Coffee Shop
Conference Rooms / Business Center
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AND HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
Swimming Pool with Change Facilities
Spa and Sauna
Gymnasium
ACCOMODATION
DELUXE ROOMS
EXECUTIVE ROOMS
SERVICES
Main Kitchen

30
25
20
20
10
30
15
15
15
15
15
15

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

30
25
20
20
10
30
15
15
15
15
15
15

300
100
100
200

2
1
1
2

600
100
100
400

500
300
100

1
1
1

500
300
100

30
45

60 1800
30 1350

400

400

Pantry for Serving

Toilets
Cold Storage
Dry food Storage
Crockery Storage
Beverage Store
Beverage Manager Room
Chef and Food Controller Office

15
30
30
30
25
30
10
10

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

15
30
30
30
25
30
10
10

RECEIVAL and DISPOSAL

Loading and Unloading Desk
Receiving Office
Storage Space
Garbage Disposal

30
25
30
20

1
1
1
1

30
25
30
20

HOUSE KEEPING
House Keeping General
Linen Storage
Uniform Issue and Storage
Laundry Washing and Drying
Laundry Pressing
Object retainers
Misc Storage

30
40
20
40
30
15
40

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

30
40
20
40
30
15
40

CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTER

A centre to create all in one facility for the people of the growing city and to cater to
the needs of tourists year around.
A convention centre is not just a place for meetings. It is a place for exchange of ideas,
information. It is a medium of communication, very necessary to lead a metropolis. It
becomes a place where buyers and sellers meet to transact business, to gather information,
open up new markets and new horizons, technology transfers takes place. The convention
center gives an opportunity for an individual participating in the corresponding activities
which involves problem solving and innovations to exchange ideas and views. Its importance
lies not only in what is said on the platform, but the total atmosphere of the event and the
stimulation which is provided by as a result. Again in the present atmosphere prevailing all
around the world, there are rapid advancement in every sphere of life. Also mans urge for
knowledge and the urgency to solve the very growing problems of human being with mutual
consultation and through forums has broken the shackle of imaginary boundaries of
countries. In the present world, knowledge is now being exchanged freely among individuals,
groups or countries in a much more organized manner that ever seen.
A convention center, in American English, is an exhibition hall, or conference center, that
holds conventions. A large, cavernous public building with enough open space to host public
and private business and social events for the surrounding municipal and metropolitan areas.
In British English very large venues suitable for major trade shows are known as
exhibition centres while the term "convention centre" is sometimes used for intermediate
venues between exhibitions centres and "conference centres", which are much smaller and
contain lecture halls and meeting rooms.
Convention centers typically offer enough floor area to accommodate several
thousand attendees. Convention centers rent space for meetings such as: corporate
conferences, industry trade shows, formal dances entertainment spectacles and concerts.
The largest in the United States is McCormick Place in Chicago. Larger Convention centers
located in resort areas also host conventions that attract additional visitors to the
municipality. It is not uncommon for large resort area hotels to include a convention center.

Providing Exhibition and Convention Center together is an added advantage for the Marketing
and Trading business.
New, materials and invention & displayed testing new products, developing new
contacts collaborations are fixed, thus leading to an overall development of market.
It is under this single roof that buyers & sellers from all over the world meet and discuss
business options in an open competition and in sight of all possible options.

DEFINITION OF CONVENTION
Whilst the meetings business is concerned with communications it is itself
complicated by the lack of a universally accepted vocabulary to define and qualify the
different categories of meetings. This difficulty equally applies in describing the types of
facilities provided for this purpose, which may include congress halls, conference centers,
convention hotels, lecture theatres and multi-purpose halls infrastructural facilities
depending on the particular emphasis of use.

The growth of convention and congress business can be traced back to a number of
factors, tourism in general, have arisen from increasing affluence and propensity to travel
aided by the technological advanced in an transportant and handling capabilities.
Other are due to more specific needs associated with the growth of international
business and group interests.

WHY CONVENTION CENTRE..?

In a world where everybody is doing something about money, trade assumes almost
importance .Liberalization of the Indian economy has led to opening of the Indian market to
the international business person.
To cater to the needs of the international business person and to help in further
promotion of international trade. The need for the international convention centers in India
has been emphasized.

The international; convention centre is a vehicle for the development of international

business relationships and to strength countries economically.
The international convention centers fundamental goal is to service the world trade
community by making international business easier to conduct.
This organization has full times staff specialized in trade related services in accord with
the size of the area served.
India lacks a truly world class convention centre for the worlds 4th largest economy.
The poverty of such facilities continues to be an embarrassment with a few exceptions in New
Delhi with Vigyan Bhavan and Cochin Galfar International conventional centre.
There is hence an urgent need for such a convention centre .A world class facility
where the captains of industry and leaders of the society can meet and create prosperity and
progress.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION

CENTER
Public areas

Operational services

Support services

Reception

Front office

Front office management

Information

Registration and booking,

Registration cashier

Records accountant,
Safe deposit.

Lobby

Messages :paging

Public address system,

telephones bar,

Telephone operator

Service refreshments,

dispense bar,

Travels, reservation,

Service pantry/ kitchen,

Shops, cloakrooms, toilet.

Rental space,
Attendance.

Concourse Foyer

Bar service refreshments

Dispense bar service lobby

Furniture storage

Loading dock,
electrician/workshop.

Banquet halls

Service lobby

Banquet kitchen food and

beverage stores.

Meeting rooms

Service lobby,

Staff facility

Interpretation booths
Auditorium

Control rooms, stage

Dressing/changing rooms

facilities

Backstage equipment,
Production workshops,
Stores,
Scenery loading dock.

Restaurant coffee shop

Service kitchens, bar

lounge

Main kitchens, food

equipment stores, beverage
stores.

GENERAL STUDY ON CONVENTION CENTRE

An international convention centre is a vehicle for the development of international
business relationships and to strengthen countries economically.
A convention centre involves effective exchange of new ideas and techniques through
conduction of seminars and workshops and through display of equipment. The centre can
also accommodate social events.

CATEGORIES OF MEETINGS
There are various types of meetings which demand different infrastructural facilities
depending on the particulars emphasis of use.

CONGRESS OR ASSEMBLY

Congress are general session facilitating a formal exchange of information and views
usually with the object of resolving questions at issue. Help annually or at periodic intervals.
Attract large attendance.

CONVENTIONS
Assembly of persons for some common object which is of common interest to the group.

CONFERENCES

General Sessions concerned with planning, obtaining facts and information or

involving organization and operational problems.

They are mainly confined to members of the same company association or

profession.

Less formally organized.

Number of delegates attending a conference may range to 150 or more but

usually 30-50.

SEMINARS

Usually a face to face group sharing experience in a particular filed under the
guidance of an expert.

Usually arranged for up to 30 persons.

WORKSHOP

General Sessions with face to face participation, to train to gain new

knowledge, skill or insights into problems.

Usually arranged for up to 100 persons.

FORUM
A panel discussion taking opposite sides of an issue by experts in a given field with
liberal opportunity for the audience to participate.
SYMPOSIUM

A panel discussion by experts in a given field before a large audience participation is

less.

PANEL
Two or more speakers, each stating a view point, with discussion between the
speakers. The discussion is guided by a moderator.

LECTURE
A formal presentation by an expert followed by question and answer period.
Based on the aims of the international convention center and the services offered, the project
shall consist of;

A Conference center

Auditorium to seat 1500 persons

A business center

Guest accommodation

Golf course

Club house with swimming, tennis, gymnasium etc.

CONFERENCE CENTRE/AUDITORIUM
The success of the meeting facilities designed depending upon the provision of
sufficient conference areas organized for effective meetings.

AUDITORIUM

Theater like room with sloped floor for formal presentations.

Includes a stage and a front screen projection.

1.1 sq.m person overall, including seating, aisles, stages and a small projection room.

Most suitable to be located close to the main entrance.

It requires the associated foyer, coatroom, toilet, telephones audio visual support,
projection room.

The local handicap access requirements should be confirmed to especially in terms of

the sloped floor, fixed seating and stage.

AMPHITHEATER

Tiered room with built in works surfaces.

2.3sq.m per seat.

100-125 seat capacity.

Usually located with direct access from the pre function areas and the refreshment
break areas.

CONVENTION HALLS

Large flexible meeting halls

Often with sub divisible partitions and floor

200-500 seat capacity

1.5to2.2sq.m for executive theatre and class room set ups.

Best located near the entrance to the core.

CONFERENCE ROOMS

Usually 20.50 persons capacity

Includes built in systems including writing and tackable surface, projection creens and
presentation rails.

1.6to 2.4sq.m per seat for executive theatre and class rooms setups.

3.1to3.9sq.m per seat for hollow and u- shaped arrangements.

Entrance to these rooms shall be provided off small vestibules or hall alcones, rather
than directly off the noisy pre function space.

BOARD ROOMS

Usually 16-24 person capacity.

Includes fixed table executive chairs, front/rear screen projection a private lounge or
auto room.

3, 5 sq.m per seat.

Usually located at the most remote end of the meeting core, to assure a minimum of
interruptions and distractions.

ASSEMBLY & SUPPORT SPACES

Includes pre function area

Specially designed coffee and refreshment lounges, with food display supported by
nearby pantries.

These areas are approximately one-third of the net floor area of the conference
rooms.

These areas are very critically important for the informal discussions and casual
meetings.

VARIOUS SUPPORT FACILITIES

Refreshment break areas

Conference lounge

Assembly support areas

Projection rooms

Conference storage

Coffee pantry

DERIVATION OF SPACES AND CORESSPONDING BUILT FORM

CATEGORY OF FUNCTIONS

PARTICULAR FUNCTIONS

Exhibition cum sale

Fairs-Book,

Leather,

CORRESPONDING BUILT FORM

Trade,

Crafts, Stalls (open/semi-open/ Covered )

Garments Jewellery, Travel, Auto, Official Stores for commodities

equipments etc.

Stores for movable partitions.

Shows-Flower, Food, Educational etc

Meeting

Events-Cultural

Corporate, Commemorative, business

Auditorium, halls, pantry

, product launches and demonstrations.

Toilets and other services.

Theater, music concerts, art exhibition, Stage (open air/covered), seating

Beauty pageants, fashion show etc.

Events-Social
educational Occasions

and Lectures, discussions, public forum, etc.

gallery, workshops.

Auditorium, seminar halls.

Marriage ceremony, parties, banqueting, Halls, lounges(open/semiCafeteria,

Open/covered)

Restraints.
Accommodation/

Lodging, entertainment, lobby, etc

Rooms, Restaurants, Coffee shops

Recreation
Shopping

Specialty items such as handicrafts and Plazas with stalls.

local color in markets & bazaars.

PARAMETER

SPACE/FOR

THERMAL

SPACES

CONDITIONS

FACTORS

Display areas.

AURAL
ENVIRONMENT

VISUAL
ENVIRONMENT

Conference

Spaces

Center

facilitate
discussion

to Comfortablemostly

Offices

in nature

given importance

and artificially

activity
Auditorium

Audible and less noisy Lighting should be

ventilated

Form to facilitate Artificially

Audible and non-echo Interesting

viewing angles

ventilated

areas

Form-functional

Natural

and

spaces

or Audible

to artificial

and

inviting nature
and

less Bright,direct,natural

in noisy in nature

and comfortable

facilitate working nature

activity
Library

Private spaces for Natural, fresh, Silent areas

Bright, direct,

study

Natural

active

and

open

in

and

comfortable

nature
Administration

Spaces

areas

organization and working

management

for Comfortable

Audible and less noisy Well-defined

in nature

bright

of atmosphere

events
Services

Spacious areas to Artificially

accommodate

ventilated of

sound-proof

machinery

Noisy due to working

machinery

GENERAL FACILITIES THAT NEED TO BE PROVIDED FOR

CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTER
LARGE PURPOSE-DESIGNED LECTURE THEATERS & CONGRESS
AUDITORIUM
This size operation should provide all the facilities outlined above. Seating and
projection facilities are fixed and wiring layouts can be determined more precisely. In both

and

cases demonstration facilities are likely to be required but the associated benching can be
portable (with floor service) to allow removal of congress. Other facilities should include:

Projection rooms and booths: they may be located to serve more than one
lecture theatre or hall.

Preparation rooms, technical work rooms, stores. These should be equipped

for prerecording demonstrations, carrying out minor repairs to equipment and
the storage or large mobile units as well as facilities should include AC & DC
electric power: water, drainage and sinks: compressed air and vaccum pumps,
gas outlets, CCTC & TV aerials and relays video recordings and transmitting
terminals, audio loudspeaker, telephone and indicator links.

These may be required for television, cine and still photography and audio recording.
Other specialized facilities may be provided requiring individual access and design with
sophisticated lighting and acoustical control.

Secretarial and support services drawing offices & printing rooms will be
required for the publication of congress materials. Facilities must include
typewriters duplicators, offset printers photo printers and tabulating folding,
binding and stapling machines.

EQUIPMENT DETAILS
Conventional hall upto 150 delegates equipment specifications.

Stage set
This should include back and side panels of adjustable height to about 2.5m to form a back
cloth with optional displays (company logo, theme of congress, information).

Lectern
This should be adjustable to the height of the speaker. Fitter with a flexible, vibration
free, mounted microphone and a jack point for a miniature lapel microphone. Other

equipment include a digital clock, adjustable screened light note reading desktop for two A4
sheets, storage for pencil, water glass, ashtray and a shelf for briefcase.

PLATFORM

300mm high for use with lecture or to provide a platform for a panel of speakers.

Slide & film projection.

Sound system overhead projector.

SEMINARS ROOMS
Compared with university requirements, more space and a higher degree of
sophistorication is provided for meetings.

LIGHTING
Daylight is essential but windows must be fitted with both glare and blackout blinds.
Artificial lighting must be uniformly distributed over the entire area.

AIR-CONDITIONING
Seminar rooms should preferably be fully air conditioned to cope with heavy smoking.

VENTILATION
With natural ventilation, at least 2 air passages per hour should be provided. Incoming
air should be tempered over a heating or cooling coil.

ACOUSTICS
Low equipment noise levels and high insulation standard in partitions ceiling and
doors are important to avoid annoyance and promote confidentiality.

WALL FINISH
Plaster surfaces painted with emulsion or vinyl covering is used to promote easy
redecoration.

ELECTRICAL SERVICES
To allow for a variety of uses, the room must be well equipped with wired services.
Extensive wiring facilities should be provided for sound amplification from numerous pick-up
points for remote operation of projector equipment and for television filming and monitoring.
Seminar rooms have a teaching function if chalk board scribble board and clip charts
are

provided.

Audio-visual

equipment

such

as

(1)

cine

projectors(2)Shade

projectors(3)Overhead equipment(4)Sound equipment are also necessary.

SEMINAR & SYNDICATE ROOMS

For conference use, rooms will usually be required for groups of 8 to 20 participants.
Artificial lighting must be uniformly diffused over the whole area are adjustable in intensity.
Seminar rooms have a teaching function requiring a chalk-board, retractable serene and
flipchart facilities. Preferably these should be wall mounted. For meetings chairs may be
used with tables-usually grouped together centrally or individually with or without arm-fitted
writing table.
Amongst the alternative uses for rooms of this type during convention activities are:

Temporary office of organizers (Registration desks, office furniture)

Display and sample rooms (Stands, tables, special equipments)

Information Centers (Stands, tables, cup-boards for books & pamphlets)

Hospitality rooms (Side-Board, refrigerated drinks, cabinet easy chairs)

CONFERENCES

A conference can be defined as:

A meeting held in hired premises

Lasting a minimum of six hours

Attended by a maximum of 25 people

Having a fixed agent or programme

These are usually general sessions and face-to-face group with a high participation
primarily concerned with planning obtaining facts and information or in solving organizational
and operation problems. They are mainly confined to members of the same company,
association or profession.
The meeting is less formally organized but encourages collective participation in
reaching stated objectives or goals. Number of delegates attending a conference may range
upto 150 or more, but 20-50 id more typical.

SEATING
The characteristic of conference influence the way the furniture is arranged. Tables
are usually set out in a hollow square, circle, semi-circle (senate style) or horseshoe shape,
whilst for smaller groups round the table seating in board room style is most often required.

FLOORING
The most common flooring materials found in meeting rooms is probably vinyl
asbestos title and hardwood, although carpeting is fast becoming a favorite. Not only does
carpeting add to the acoustical properties of the space, it also provides a general feeling of
luxury. Another factor favoring the use of carpeting is its lower maintenance cost. Some
operators, when faced with multiple-user problems opt for concrete floors with removable
carpeting. Still others, whose carpeting is permanently installed, rely on portable hardwood
dance floors for temporary installation.

WALL
Walls present a major problem namely maintenance in conference rooms. Acoustics
are important and aesthetic must be considered. Fortunately many products capable of
withstanding the rigors of tape, tacks and scraping are now available. Careful choice of
equipment such as chairs with wall-saver legs can also help to reduce damage. Tacks strips
and hanging devices can do their bit.

CEILING
Many planners recommended ceiling heights of not less than 4.5m. The primary
reason for higher ceiling is that the stage or head-table riser in room elevates the speakers or
performers far too close to a standard 3m ceiling for comfort or safety. Also high ceiling
permit the projection of motion pictures and slide films on a large scale screen.

ACOUSTICS
Acoustical requirements in both walls and ceiling of most conference rooms can
generally be described as those best for the spoken world, for their function is generally
focused on verbal, rather than musical activities. If equal importance in considering the
acceptability of conference rooms is the sound proofing of theses areas.

WINDOWS
The need for windows in conference rooms is generally negative. Not only can
windows distract those who attend the meetings, they also require blackout draperies when
motion pictures or slides are to be shown in short, meetings rarely need windows.

SOUND AMPLICATION
Depending on the size of each conference room, sound amplification may or may not
be required. When deemed desirable this matter must be addressed in manner that will give
each meeting space individual and easily operated controls.

TELEPHONE
Each conference room should be equipped with a house telephone or intercommunication system that will enable the lessee to call for a custodian or events supervisor
when needed.

ILLUMINATION
Conference room illumination is highly important and must be sufficiently flexible to
meet the changing uses and demands of space. Dimmers must be provided to accommodate
film presentations.

EXHIBITION CENTRES
Exhibition centers are places where products and ideas are presented to the world at
large. So, the clubbing of effective trading spaces in these areas without compromising the
nature of the spaces would only be beneficial.

Exhibitions are important events. Large international exhibits become expositions

tourist magnets attracting millions of visitors. Innovative and dramatic trade exhibits sell
billions of dollars worth of products annually.

Fairs and Exhibitions are major elements in any form of market developments. At a
trade fair within one, campus buyers and sellers from all over the world meet and discuss
business options in an open competition and in sight of all possible options.

Every year hundreds of exhibitions are held all over the world each one intended to
appeal to a specific customer. Spaces are hooked months even years in advance if an
exhibition wants to get the best position. Some times the organizers will provide a shell
scheme into which each company must fit its display, sometimes smell imaginative solutions
can be more impressive than giant double Decker constructions. Sometimes shows are held
in hotel rooms or banqueting halls, where it is difficult to make an impact. And sometimes,
elaborate buildings are refurbished or create especially for the event with moving
auditoriums, catering facilities and the latest should and the lighting systems.

AUDITORIUM:
Auditoriums are for large meetings and performances. The auditoria can be classified as
followsFor speech. E.g.- conference halls, lecture halls etc.
For music. E.g.-music practice room, concert hall.
Multipurpose. E.g.-town hall, school assembly hall.
Requirements of auditorium-

Entry and lobby

Seating area and stage
Rest rooms
Office

DESIGNThe seating areas of an auditorium, the stage and backstage facilities, shall be provided with
safe and convenient access for all people including persons with a disability.
The auditorium typically includes a raised stage or platform, fixed seating and a raked
seating area.
When a long space is used, stadium seating may be an option, with a flat or raised
performance area.
The auditoriums shape may vary provided it is functional and acceptable to its users.
A route providing level access from the rear of the auditorium to the platform/stage is
preferred as opposed to a mechanical lift. Flexibility is encouraged to accommodate the
greatest range of uses.
Fenestration is not required, but may be desirable if it doesnt present acoustic problems
and incorporates adequate light control. Sight lines and acoustics, as well as vertical and
horizontal acoustic isolation must be considered.
Supplemental/Associated Spaces and Adjacencies-

Back stage storage and dressing room/green room space should be appropriate to the level
of the science city.

LOBBYThe lobby serves as a place for circulation, display of information, purchase of refreshments
and preparation to enter the auditorium.
The lobby area serves as an intermission and break area.

ACCESSIBILITY
The lobby is the main entry and exit point for the facility. Therefore this space is an integral
part of the emergency ingress system.
Ensure the at least 50% of the auditorium capacity is able to exit through the lobby.
Interior characteristicsThe lobby walls can be hard finish in a medium dark color for good public-space
serviceability and easy cleaning.
The ceilings in the lobby must be very sound absorbent as a means of eliminating unwanted
sound before it reaches the theater.
Standard acoustical tile is not adequate for this purpose. A lay-in fiberglass tile 1.5 thick is.
A more decorative and effective solution is a wood strip acoustical system which could be
used in the auditorium as a wall treatment. Carpeting provides the most sound absorbing
floor finish.

TICKET SALES AREA

Due to the multipurpose nature of the lobby, a ticket sale is required.
Locate this area within the lobby so that patron s enter the building to purchase
tickets or to check for timing.

CIRCULATIONEmphasis should be on user friendliness.

Provide direct access to and from the lobby to facilitate efficient movement of the people
and also safe , rapid egress in case of emergency.

Reevaluate catchment areas to ensure that existing requirements provide the proper no. of
exits and accessible routes.

STAGE SPACEThe size of the stage depends upon the type of performance the hall is to
cater for. It would be large for theatres, while it would be comparatively small for
cinema halls which again depends on the size of the screen.
Depth of stage should be arranged to suit individual requirements; where it
exceeds 6m, it is necessary to treat back stage wall acoustically.
A ceiling reflector should be provided for directing the sound to the rear
seats.
This reflector may be a hard reflecting surface slanting at a suitable angle
towards the audience and fixed over the main sound originating area of the stage.
Open Stage and Extended Stage
The open stage form in which sight lines must be directed to the edge of the acting
area necessitates steep balconies.
The balcony of a theater which is convertible from proscenium to open stage form
must follow the requirements for open stage.
Any theater in which performance extends beyond the proscenium onto either
forestage, open stage, or extended stage requires very careful planning to provide good
seeing from all balcony seats to all parts of the acting area.
For all production types, the visual components divide into two categories:
performers and scenic investiture.

Design considerations for the acoustics of an auditorium, when the sound is not amplified,
include:
Type of production.
Shape and size of the auditorium.
Setting for the performance.
Volume of the auditorium: calculated as the number in the audience multiplied by a ratio
of volume to person, according to the type of production.

 Reverberation time: the difference in time between direct sound to each member of an
audience and the reflected sound from all surfaces of the auditorium, which requires to be
short for speech and long for music.
Physical adjustment of the auditorium includes:
Increase of the volume by use of chambers in the walls and ceiling, with the opening of
panels or doors;
Adjustment of the ceiling and wall characteristics by hinged panels, dropped soundabsorbent banners
or changed ceiling panels;
Change of volume and seating capacity by physical adaptation by lowering ceiling or a
section of the
seating curtained off.

HOTEL Planning
The hotel is essentially a building to provide services for guests. The variation in
hotel types is extensive ranging from a simple motel to a community of luxury
city hotels.

The basic planning is considered in relation to the principal sections within a

hotel complex and the disposition of these in relation to the site.
Intercommunication and common services, the section can be listed as foll ows:
Public areas arrival areas, car parking, entrance hall
Function rooms, dinning rooms, recreation, ball room etc,
Bedroom accommodation including linen store, valet services etc;
staff and administration, managers, offices, staff rooms, staff accommod ation
etc, service rooms, boiler rooms, ventilation, electrical intake etc; the following
particular aspects have an important effect on basic planning.
3.0 Star Classification

4.0 Planning and Design Consideration

Thumb rules
No. of restaurant seats
Coffee shop service

= 0.75 times no; of guest rooms

= 1.2 to 1.4 m/p

floor area in dinning

Room

= 0.93 to 1.67 sqm / p

bar
Entertainment area
Cocktail lounge
General bar

= 10 to 25% of lounge area

= 10% to 60%
= 1.8 to 2 sq.m/p
= 1.3 to 1. 7 esq. /p

Planning
The basic planning is considered in relation to the principal sections within a hotel complex and
the disposition of these in relation to the site. Intercommunication and common services, the
section can be listed as follows:
Public areas arrival areas, car parking, entrance hall
Function rooms, dinning rooms, recreation, ball room etc,
Bedroom accommodation including linen store, valet services etc;
staff and administration, managers, offices, staff rooms, staff accommodation etc, service
rooms, boiler rooms, ventilation, electrical intake etc; the following particular aspects have an
important effect on basic planning.
Flexibility and change
It is important to consider a form of structure, planning method which allows for flexibility and
change.
Hotel organisation

The central administration and organisation a large hotel is very complex and the work
programme for the various types of staff need to be throughout understood to allow for
efficient working of the hotel.
Circulation
It is the prime importance to consider the basic circulation at the early stage in planning. There
are three patterns one route for guests, one for staff, and a general route for deliveries etc;
Height and subdivisions relating to structure
Open planning and a large area of public rooms will allow for hanger of functions and priorities.
Services
Ducts for services should be considered in overall planning with ease for access for
maintenance.
Fire regulations
This will be controlled by local authorities, government recommendations and standards.
Sound insulation
Between rooms is important.
Garages and car parking
Separate parking area should be provided for guests and employees/ service vehicles.

Lobby
The lobby makes the single greatest impact on the guest. The most successful design carefully
balances the two key factors- visual impact and function

Food and beverage outlets

All food outlets need direct close access to the kitchen except outlets with minor food services
that may be served from pantry.
All outlets should be easily accessible from public flow areas.
Thumb rules
No. of restaurant seats
Coffee shop service

= 0.75 times no; of guest rooms

= 1.2 to 1.4 m/p

floor area in dinning

Room

= 0.93 to 1.67 sqm / p

bar

= 10 to 25% of lounge area

Entertainment area
Cocktail lounge

= 10% to 60%
= 1.8 to 2 sq.m/p

General bar

= 1.3 to 1. 7 esq. /p

Function rooms
Multipurpose room for meetings, banquet, ball etc
Important to have separate entrance of hotel receptions.
Store needed for necessary equipment
Space allowance
Guestroom floor planning objectives
Orientation/ sitting

consider solar gain; generally n/s preferable to e/w exposures

analysis wind loading

study and potential for guest room views

site the structure to be visible from the road

Access the relative visual impact and construction cost of various guestroom plan

configuration.

Floor layout

organise plan so that guest rooms occupy at least 70% of gross floor area

Locate elevators and the stairs at interiors location rather than of exterior walls.

Developed corridor plan to facilitate guest circulation.

Provide elevator lobby in middle third of structure.

Locate vending near public elevators.

Provide service elevators, linen storage and chutes in central location.

Plan corridor width at 5 minimum 5.6 proffered.

Plan guestroom distance to exit stairs at 150 maximum.

Design guestrooms back to back plumbing economics.

Bedroom accommodation
As bedroom forms greater proportion of hotel construction key to economical design. Largely
in layout of bedroom block diagram follows show possible arrangements. Double loaded block
capable of development into l u courtyard plan; requires only 2 stairs;
Most economical layout.
Double loaded t shaped block capable of being developed into crosswalk so economical but
three stairs required.
Single loaded block capable of being uncourt yard plan: not economical solution developed form
centre courtyard can be used to provide atrium effect.

Square block with central core containing all vertical services, maids rooms etc, compact and
useful for small sites where tower development may be required.

The plan requires 3 staircases and has more complicated structure than straight blocks
structural system may causes problem in public areas.
Circular requires careful handling avoid awkward and inward facing room; not capable of
extension.Circular with central core also requires careful avoid awkward room convex curves
resulting bedroom narrower at bathroom ends.

GUESTROOMS

Figure 9.3 shows common arrangements of a guest room. From the entrance lobby there is access
to the sleeping/living accommodation and the bathroom. Often the clothes closet is located in the
guest entrance vestibule.
Bathrooms usually have an area of less than 55 ft2 (5.0 m2) and are equipped with noncombustible fittings. Therefore they do not require fire sprinklers.

Similarly, clothes closets constructed of non-combustible materials and covering an area not more
than 24 ft2 (2.0 m2) and where the least dimension does not exceed 3 ft (1 meter) do not require
sprinklers.

Vestibules (and bathrooms) usually have suspended ceilings, with mechanical and electrical services
housed above. A vestibule can be protected with a pendent sprinkler fixed to the suspended

ceiling and with the pipe concealed in the void. Vestibules that do not have suspended ceilings
may be protected with sidewall sprinklers.

For the protection of the sleeping/living area, the exact location and type of sprinkler to be used
will be largely dictated by the size, shape and construction of the room.

The use of quick response (QR) sprinklers in guest rooms is mandatory for all new hotel systems
installed in areas where these sprinklers are available. The type may be pendent, sidewall and/or
extended coverage. In all instances, whichever sprinklers are selected, they must be installed and
maintained in complete compliance with the manufacturer's technical data relating to:
application;
coverage area;
location; and
minimum pressure requirements.

ALTERNATIVE GUESTROOM SPRINKLER LAYOUT

TYPICAL SPRINKLER DISTRIBUTION LAYOUT ON A GUEST ROOM

FLOOR

LAUNDRY AND GARBAGE CHUTES

Laundry and garbage chute systems are either circular or square vertical ducts with access doors
located at each floor level and a receiving area at the bottom level.

Automatic sprinkler protection must be provided for chute systems in buildings over two stories
high. Sprinklers are required:
at the top of the chute;
at alternate floor levels; and
at the base receiving area.

The system can be configured as one vertical sprinkler system zone equipped with a zone control
valve and flow switch arrangement. Sprinklers located at the alternate floor levels must be
positioned in purpose built housings attached to the side of the vertical duct. This is accomplished
by recessing the sprinkler in the wall of the chute and external access for inspection and
maintenance of sprinkler heads provided.

COLD ROOMS

Dry pendent sprinklers can be used for the protection of cold rooms which are maintained at or
can achieve temperatures below freezing. Sprinkler protection can be provided:
from an extension to a dry-pipe sprinkler system; or

by using special dry pendent sprinklers attached to a conventional wet-pipe

sprinkler system.

The dry pendent sprinkler has a mechanical device which prevents water entering the assembly
before the sprinkler head operates. The length of the assembly is variable, so the required lengths
must be carefully calculated and specified at the ordering stage.

SPECIAL RISK AREAS

Areas containing equipment or hazardous materials should be designated special risk areas.
Standard sprinkler systems are unlikely to be able to provide satisfactory protection for such areas.

Kitchen cooking equipment with associated exhaust hoods and ducts can be protected with either
a special suppression system or a water spray nozzle system .Storage areas for hazardous
materials such as large quantities of paints and thinners will require special consideration.

Exceptions

However, where such rooms are large enough to be used for storage too, partial sprinkler
protection shall be provided for those potential storage areas. Baffles may be required to prevent
sprinklers spraying water over machinery and damaging electrical circuits. Drainage and curbs

between hoist cable openings and sprinklered areas in elevator machine rooms may also be
needed to, prevent water entering elevator shafts when the sprinklers are in action.

PUMP AND STORAGE TANKS

Apartment building

Between the height of 24 mts and 35 mts.

In this case pumps for domestic supply shall be designed for the discharge worked on the basis of
number of water closets, bath-rooms, kitchen etc, as approved by the hydraulic engineer of the
Bombay municipal to deliver water at the rate of peak discharges with a wet riser of adequate
size. There will be the occupation for fighting the fire, to overcome the difficulty of sufficient on
the floors immediately y below the terrace.

The capacity of the tank of the terrace the non- return valve and the pump shall
be as specified as above.

Residential with shopping above 250 sqm, and non- residential buildings.

There shall be a provision of one pump of a capacity which can give 24,00 liters per minute at 3.2
kilogram per sq.cm pressure at the topmost hydrant in this case the over head tank and booster
pump at the terrace level shall not be insisted upon.

In all the above cases, the pump shall be arranged and also a diesel generator and a stand-by pump
may be insisted upon.

GENERATOR

A generator shall be installed to supply power to staircase, corridor and compound lighting
circuits, fire lifts pressurisation blowers, smoke extraction and damper system in case of failure of
electricity supply, the generator shall be capable of taking starting current of all the machines and
circuits stated above simultaneously. Where paralleled l.f/h.t. Supply is provided with appropriate
emergency services by generator need not be provided.

KITCHENETTE OR CANTEEN KITCHEN

Kitchenette of canteen kitchen; if provided on any floor, shall be in an enclosure having two hours
fire resistance and shall be located at the perimeter of the floor the exit route.

The entrance door of the kitchenette/ kitchen shall be self-closing type and shall have a
fire resistance of not less than one hour.

In case l.p gas cylinders are used the requirements for its safe use shall conform to the
requirement for handling of l.p gas cylinders prescribed by the Bombay fire brigade.

In case the entire let table floor space is undivided, the travel distance from the farthest point to
the nearest staircase shall mot exceed 30 meters.

ESCAPE ROUTES FROM ROOM SPACE TO STAIRCASES

Travel Distance

A minimum of two enclosed staircases shall be provided in the opposite ends of the building as
far as possible. At least two staircases shall be accessible from each let table floor area at all floor
levels.

Zone control valves: systems are divided into zones to ensure that in an emergency, the area of
the sprinkler system operation can be readily identified from the alarm signal initiated by the zone
flow switch. The installation of zone control provides a means for partially isolating the system for
maintenance and/or repair.

Flushing cap: it is essential to keep the pipes free of sludge and other contaminants that may be
brought in by the municipal supply. Flushing caps are provided to simplify cleaning so that the
entire system can be easily maintained in peak condition at all times.

Hotel Occupancy

RESIDENTIAL

Residential occupancy areas are classified as Light Hazard, and include:

guest rooms;

apartments;

suites; and

connecting corridors.

PUBLIC AREAS

The following areas are classified as Light Hazard Occupancy:

lounges;

 restaurants (seating);

bars;

receptions; and

meeting/conference rooms.

Restaurant service areas are classified as Ordinary Hazard (Group 1), while shops are Ordinary
Hazard (Group 2).

Water-based Fire Suppression Systems

The water-based fire suppression systems most commonly used in the hotel environment are
introduced in this section. Full details will be found in subsequent sections.

Alternative water-based fire suppression systems, such as deluge and foam systems, are not
included in this handbook because they are rarely (if ever) used in hotels. However they are used
on cruise ships, river boats and other vessels for engine room protection.

WATER SUPPLIES

Water supplies to fire suppression systems are usually derived from municipal or private supplies.

In earthquake zones, fire suppression systems shall be designed with pumps and tanks.

PRIVATE FIRE SERVICE MAINS AND HYDRANTS

Private fire service mains are generally required for hotels which are located away from city and
town centers. The private fire service mains supply hydrants and are often used to supply the
sprinkler and standpipe systems.
Special Suppression Systems
It is recommended that existing halon systems be phased out as soon as possible. When a halon
system is phased out, the halon containers shall not be discharged, but made available to a
licensed, authorized dealer who will use the halon to prolong the service of other halon systems.
Areas protected by fixed halon systems shall be prepared for the extension of the automatic
sprinkler system.

Dry chemical extinguishing systems may be used for the protection of areas containing:
flammable or combustible liquids;
transformers;
oil circuit breakers; and
cooking ranges, hoods and exhaust duct systems.
Wet chemical extinguishing systems or water based fire suppression systems may be
used for the protection of cooking ranges, hoods and exhaust duct systems .

SITE ANALYSIS
CASE STUDY
LITERATURE STUDY