Int J Hum Cult Stud.

No. 24

2014

A study of changes in modern Japanese childrearing values as seen in child-care customs and accessories:
A focus on babywearing, baby baskets, baby slings, and strollers
1 1 1 1 2 3
23

Kazuko Abe1, Masayuki Shibazaki1, Eiko Abe1, Hiroaki Koresawa1, Hitomi Tsuboi2, and Shinobu Kato3
1
Faculty of Home Economice, Otsuma Womens University
12 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 102-8357
2
Faculty of Child Studies Urawa University
3551 Osaki, Midori-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, Japan 336-0974
3
Hibiya Library & Museum
1-4 Hibiya-Koen, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 100-0012

Key wordsBabywearing , Baby baskets, Baby slings, Strollers, Child-rearing

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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to partially explore childrearing values in modern Japan by examining
changes in two familiar child-care customs, babywearing on the back (onbu) and babywearing on the front
(dakko), as well as changes in child-care accessories such as baby baskets, baby slings, and strollers.
Onbu is a child-care custom that emerged among commoners in the Heian period out of the necessity of
caring for infants while performing domestic chores. In the just almost 150 years since the start of the Meiji
period, the Japanese style of childrearing evolved from labor-oriented onbu into child-focused dakko.
Changes were also seen in the items used as child-care accessories. From the Meiji period to the early Showa
period, child-care accessories for most Japanese were everyday items repurposed to serve childrearing needs.
Following the end of World War II, however, information and culture from the West began to permeate
popular society, and as these influences became widespread in the 1960s, child-care accessories transformed
from items made at home to items purchased (commercial products).
Such abundant items can make life between parents and children convenient. On the other hand, these
have not been created out of necessity for parents to raise their own children. Now, the reverse phenomenon
occurs that they must be taught even how to use such plentiful commodities provided by others.
This has brought a childrearing form dependent on commodities, and it has become difficult to care for
children without making use of commercialized products. The issues in this study should be considered
seriously, especially in the deteriorated environment for childrearing today.

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