95 07

B THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG
HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

--------o0o--------
TI
NGHIN CU XY DNG TIU CHUN V CC BI O

KNH THU RING SDH TC 155MBIT/S V
622MBIT/S
M s:
95-07-KHKT-TC
Ch tr ti:
TS. V Tun Lm
ThS. V Hong Sn
Cng tc vin:
ThS. Nguyn Vnh Nam

Ths. Trn Th Thu Bnh
KS. Phm Hng Nhung
H ni 2008
Mc lc
CHNG 1. TNH HNH CUNG CP DCH V KNH THU RING
VIT NAM..............................................................................................................1
1.1 Cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng Vit nam: Hin trng v nh hng pht
trin .................................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Hin trng v nh hng pht trin th trng dch v vin thng Vit
nam...........................................................................................................................1
1.1.2 Thc trng kinh doanh dch v truyn ti Vit nam....................................4
1.1.3 Hin trng mng truyn ti quang ng trc v dch v cung cp ca
VNPT........................................................................................................................4
1.1.3.1 Mng truyn dn.............................................................................................4
1.1.3.2 Cc dch v cung cp trn mng truyn ti quang.........................................5
1.1.4 Hin trng mng truyn ti v dch v cung cp ca Viettel.........................8
1.1.4.1 H tng mng truyn ti ................................................................................8
1.1.4.2 Cc dch v truyn dn...................................................................................9
1.1.5 Hin trng mng truyn ti v dch v cung cp ca EVN..........................13
1.2 Kt lun...................................................................................................................15
CHNG 2. NGHIN CU CC TIU CHUN LIN QUAN N CNG
NGH SDH V KNH THU RING..............................................................16
2.1 Cc tiu chun quc t............................................................................................18
2.1.1 Tiu chun v c tnh in ca giao din...................................................18
2.1.1.1 ITU-T G.703 - c tnh in/vt l ca cc giao din phn cp s.............18
2.1.2 Tiu chun v c tnh quang ca giao din................................................19
2.1.2.1 ITU-T G.957 - Giao din quang cho cc thit b v h thng lin quan n
phn cp s ng b..................................................................................................19
2.1.2.2 TU-T G.691 - Giao din quang cho cc h thng n knh quang STM-64,
STM-256 v cc h thng SDH c s dng khuch i quang ................................20
2.1.3 Cc tiu chun lin quan n ng b.........................................................22
2.1.3.1 ITU-T G.812 - Yu cu v c tnh nh thi ca cc ng h t c s
dng lm cc ng h nt trong mng ng b........................................................22
2.1.3.2 ITU-T G.813 - Yu cu v c tnh nh thi ca cc ng h t trong thit
b SDH (SEC)............................................................................................................24
2.1.4 Cc tiu chun v jitter/wander...................................................................24
2.1.4.1 ITU-T G.823 - Yu cu v jitter v wander trong cc mng s da trn phn
cp s 2048 kbit/s......................................................................................................24
2.1.4.2 ITU-T G.825 - Yu cu v jitter v wander trong cc mng s da trn phn
cp s ng b SDH..................................................................................................25
2.1.4.3 ITU-T G.783 - c tnh cc khi chc nng ca thit b SDH....................25
2.1.5 Cc tiu chun lin quan n nh gi cht lng li................................25
2.1.5.1 Mt s khi nim c bn..............................................................................25
a. Phn b ch tiu cht lng li.........................................................................25
b. Thi gian kh dng ..........................................................................................27
2.1.5.2 ITU-G.826 Tham s v ch tiu cht lng li cho cc lung v kt ni s
quc t tc bit khng i......................................................................................27
2.1.5.3 ITU-T G.828 Tham s v ch tiu cht lng cho cc lung SDH quc t
tc bit khng i...................................................................................................28
2.1.5.4 ITU-T G.829 Cc s kin cht lng li cho on lp v on ghp knh. 29
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
2.1.5.5 ITU-T M.2110 Ho mng h thng truyn dn, on v lung...................29

a. o ho mng (BIS)...........................................................................................30
b. Bo dng mng (network maintenance)........................................................30
c. o khi phc h thng (system restoration).....................................................31
2.1.6 Tiu chun v knh thu ring......................................................................33
2.1.7 Cc tiu chun khc.....................................................................................33
2.2 Cc qui / tiu chun ngnh .....................................................................................34
2.2.1 Tiu chun TCN 68-177: Yu cu k thut cho h thng thng tin quang v
viba SDH tc 155 Mbit/s, 622 Mbit/s v 2.5 Gbit/s...........................................34
2.2.2 Tiu chun TCN 68-173: Tiu chun giao din quang cho cc thit b v h
thng truyn dn SDH............................................................................................35
2.2.3 Tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-172:1998 v TCN 68-175:1998 tiu chun v
giao din in kt ni mng....................................................................................36
2.2.4 TCN 68-171:1998, ng h ch trong mng ng b Yu cu ky thut . 36
2.2.5 TCN 68-164:1997 Li bt v rung pha ca cc ng truyn dn s - Yu
cu k thut v Quy trnh o kim, .......................................................................37
2.2.6 Qui chun/ Tiu chun v knh thu ring...................................................37
2.2.6.1 TCN 68-225:2004: Giao din knh thu ring cu trc s v khng cu trc
s tc 2048 kbit/s - Yu cu k thut: .................................................................37
2.2.6.2 TCN 68-226:2004: Knh thu ring cu trc s tc 2048 kbit/s - Tiu
chun cht lng.......................................................................................................38
2.3 KT LUN:............................................................................................................38
CHNG 3. NGHIN CU XY DNG TIU CHUN V PHNG
PHP O KIM KNH THU RING SDH..................................................40
3.1 Khi nim chung:....................................................................................................40
3.2 Yu cu c th i vi quy chun k thut v kt ni mng..................................40
3.2.1 Giao din kt ni mng.................................................................................40
3.2.2 Quy chun k thut kt ni mng Vin thng...............................................40
3.2.3 Phm vi quy chun k thut v giao din kt ni mng...............................41
3.2.4 Phm vi cc quy chun k thut v cht lng kt ni ( knh thu ring)...41
3.2.5 Phm vi cc quy chun k thut v ng b mng.......................................41
3.3 Xy dng tiu chun knh thu ring SDH............................................................41
3.3.1 c im, tnh hnh i tng tiu chun ha.............................................41
3.3.2 L do v mc ch.........................................................................................41
3.3.3 S c v phng php xy dng quy chun.................................................42
3.3.4 M hnh dch v knh thu ring..................................................................43
3.3.5 Cu trc Qui chun......................................................................................44
3.3.6 Phn tch cc yu cu chnh.........................................................................41
3.4 Phng php o v nh gi cht lng h thng v dch v SDH khi ho mng
........................................................................................................................................41
3.4.1 Gii thiu......................................................................................................41
3.4.2 Phng php o ho mng quang SDH v cht lng knh thu ring......43
3.5 Mt s bi o nh gi cht lng knh thu ring SDH.......................................45
3.5.1 Bi 1 - o kim khi c dung sai tn s, jitter ti knh SDH........................46
3.5.2 Bi 2 - o kim cc hot ng cnh bo ca h thng................................51
3.5.3 Bi 3 - o c tnh li .................................................................................52
3.6 Mt s vn cn lu khi o..............................................................................55
3.6.1 Chui tn hiu th.........................................................................................55
3.6.2 Cc thao tc i vi giao din quang...........................................................56
3.6.3 Thit lp ng b trong qu trnh o...........................................................57
3.6.4 Mt s im lu khc.................................................................................57
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
A.1 Phng php o cc tham s quang.......................................................................62

A.1.1 o cng sut pht: ......................................................................................62
A.1.2 o nhy v di ng ca b thu.............................................................63
A.1.3 o tham s bc sng..................................................................................63
A.2 Phng php o jitter.............................................................................................63
- Cc b lc o jitter.............................................................................................63
- Khong thi gian o...........................................................................................64
- Cc kiu tn hiu th..........................................................................................64
- lch tn s:...................................................................................................65
A.2.1 o Jitter ti cc giao din ra.......................................................................65
A.2.2 o jitter cho php ti giao din u vo ....................................................65
a. Da trn s bt u xut hin li bit (onset of error).......................................66
b. Da trn thit thi v BER..........................................................................66
A.3 Phng php o cc chc nng SDH....................................................................66
A.3.1 o kim tra kh nng truyn ti ca thit b...............................................66
A.3.2 Kim tra chc nng chuyn mch bo v ca thit b.................................69
A.3.3 Kim tra kh nng gim st c tnh li ca thit b...................................69
A.3.4 Kim tra cnh bo cc hot ng bo dng ca thit b...........................69
A.3.5 Kim tra chc nng ng b ca thit b SDH............................................71
B.1 Yu cu chung........................................................................................................72
B.2 Mt s thit b o ...................................................................................................73
B.2.1 Thit b o SDH............................................................................................73
B.2.1.1 Thit b ANT-20.........................................................................................73
B.2.1.2 Thit b o SF-60 v SFO-60....................................................................75
B.2.1.3 Thit b o EST 2100.................................................................................76
B.2.1.4 Thit b o HP 37717B/C..........................................................................76
B.2.2 Thit b o cc tham s quang.....................................................................76
B.2.2.1 Thit b o cng sut quang OLP-25........................................................76
B.2.2.2 B suy hao quang OLA-25........................................................................77
B.2.3 Cc thit b o ng b................................................................................77
B.2.3.1 HP E1740A...............................................................................................77
B.2.3.2 HP E1725C...............................................................................................78
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
M u
Trong thi gian qua cng ngh SDH c trin khai rng khp trn mng vin
thng ca Vit nam. y l mt cng ngh mc d khng cn l mi nhng cho n
nay chng ta vn cha ban hnh c mt tiu chun, phng php o c th
nh gi cht lng dch v SDH. Hin nay, Vit nam mi c tiu chun v knh
thu ring n tc 2048kbit/s TCN 68-217:2002. Trong thc t trn mng Vin
thng Vit nam vic thu knh c STM-1 n STM-4 v trong tng lai nhu cu
rt cao, trong khi cha c qui nh c th v knh thu ring loi ny.
Cc nc trn th gii s dng cc qui nh, tiu chun v giao din, dch v
knh SDH kt ni gia cc h thng thng tin v dng lm cc ch tiu nh gi
nghim thu h thng thit b khi mi a vo khai thc.
Cc nh khai thc mng v cung cp dch v knh SDH (AT&T, Bell South,
Telenor) u a ra cc tiu chun v dch v v bi o phc v cho vic kt ni
mng v cung cp dch v cho khch hng. ng thi, cc t chc tiu chun (ITU,
ETSI), v cc nh qun l nh nc cng a ra cc qui nh, yu cu k thut v
kt ni, dch v knh SDH.
Mc tiu ca ti ny l nghin cu v xy dng tiu chun v cc bi o knh
thu ring SDH Phc v cho vic chun ho kt ni thu knh gia cc nh khai
thc v cung cp knh SDH cng nh cc kt ni mng gia cc nh cung cp dch
v.
Vi mc tiu nh vy, ni dung ca ti c chia thnh 2 phn ln nh sau:
Phn I: Thuyt minh xy dng tiu chun v cc bi o knh thu ring bao gm:
NGHIN CU CC TIU CHUN LIN QUAN N CNG NGH SDH

V KNH THU RING
TNH HNH CUNG CP DCH V KNH THU RING VIT NAM
NGHIN CU XY DNG TIU CHUN V PHNG PHP O KIM
KNH THU RING SDH
Phn II: Qui/Tiu chun knh thu ring SDH p dng trn mng vin thng ca
Vit nam.
Ngoi ra ti cn c cc ph lc trong tm tt cc phng php, ch tiu k
thut c lin quan n tng tham s o thun tin cho ngi s dng trong qu
trnh o.
Trong qu trnh thc hin, ti khng th trnh khi nhng sai st. V vy ti
c th p dng c trn mng li, nhm thc hin ti rt mong nhn c s
ng gp kin ca cc chuyn gia trong Ngnh.
Xin trn trng cm n.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Thut ng vit tt
ADM
ANSI
APS
AU-n
BER
CE
Add-Drop Multiplexer
Americal National Standards Institute
Automatic Protection Switching
Administrative Unit-n
Bit Error Ratio
Customer Edge
CoS
CPE
CPL
Class of Service
Customer Premises Equipment
CRC
CRC-10
CWDM/DWDM
DAPI
DCC
DCS
DEG
DLE
DNU
DSL
DXC
EOF
EoS
EOS
ETSI
FCS
HEC
HO
HOVC
IEEE
IP
ITU-T
B ghp knh xen-r

Vin chun ho Hoa K
Chuyn mch bo v t ng
Khi qun l
T l li bit
Pha khch hng
Lp dch v
Thit b pha khch hng
Current Problem List function
Chc nng lit k cc vn
hin ti
Cyclic Redundancy Check
M sa li vng
Cyclic Redundancy Check 10
Kim tra d chu trnh-10
Coarse/ Dense Wavelength Division Ghp knh theo bc sng
Multiplex
ghp lng/ghp mt cao
Destination Access Point Identifier
Giao din im truy nhp
ch
Digital Communication Channel
Knh thng tin s
Digital Cross-Connect System
Degraded performance
Dynamic Lightpath Establishment
Do Not Use
Digital subscriber line
Digital Cross-Connect
End Of Frame
Ethernet over SDH
End Of Sequence
European
Telecommunications
Standards Institute
Frame Check Sequence
Header Error Check
Hold Off
Higher Order Virtual Container
Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers
Internet Protocol
International
Telecommunications
Union
(Telecommunications
Standardisation Sector)
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
H thng ni cho s
Pht hin suy gim hiu nng
Thit lp tuyn quang ng
Khng s dng
ng thu bao s
B u cho s
Cui khung
Ethernet trn SDH
Cui dy
Vin cc tiu chun vin
thng Chu u
Chui kim tra khung
Kim tra li mo u
Hold Off
Conten o bc cao
Giao thc internet

Hip hi vin thng quc t
LOS
LOVC
LTP
MFAS
MFI
MI
MIB
MS
MSB
MSP
MSTE
NC&M
NE
NEA
NEL
NEML
NMI
NMI
NML
NMS
NNI
OA&M
OAM
OS
PDH
POH
PSTN
PTE
QoS
RS
SAPI
SDH
Loss Of Signal
Low Order Virtual Container
Line Terminal Point
MultiFrame Alignment Signal
Mt tn hiu
Conten o bc thp
im kt cui ng dy
Tn hiu ng chnh a
khung
Multiframe Indicator
Ch th a khung
Management Information
Thng tin qun l
Management Information Base
(Cu trc cy) da trn thng
tin qun l
Multiplex Section
on ghp knh
Most Significant Bit
Bit c ngha nht
Multiplex Section Protection
Bo v on ghp knh
Multiplex Section Terminating Element Thit b kt cui phn ghp
knh
Network Control and Management
Qun l v Iu khin mng
Network Element
Phn t mng
Network Element Alarms function
Chc nng cnh bo phn t
mng
Network Element Layer
Tng thnh phn mng
Network Element Management Layer
Tng qun l thnh phn
mng
Network Management Interface
Giao din qun l mng
Network Management Interface
Giao din qun l mng
Network Management Layer
Tng qun l mng
Network Management System
H thng qun l mng
Network to Network Interface
Giao din kt ni Mng
Mng
Operation,
Administration
and Vn hnh, qun l v bo
Maintenance
dng
Operation,
Administration
and Khai thc, gim st v bo
Maintenance
dng
Operation System
H thng khai thc
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
Phn cp s cn ng b
Path Overhead
Mo u lung
Public Switched Telephone Network
Mng in thoi cng cng
Path Terminal Equipment
Thit b kt cui tuyn
Quality of Service
Cht lng dch v
Regenerator Section
on lp
Source Access Point Identifier
Nhn din im truy nhp
ngun
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
H thng phn cp s ng
b
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Sk
SLA
SML
SN
SNC
SNCP
SNML
So
SONET
STM-n
TDM
TMN
TSD
TU-n
UCP
UNI
VC
VCAT
VCC
VCG
VC-n
VC-n-Xc
VC-n-Xv
WTR
Sink
Service Level Agreement
Service Management Layer
Sub-network
Sub-network Connection
Sub-network Connection Protection
Sub-network Management Layer
Source
Synchronous Optical Network
Synchronous Transport Module level N
im ch
Tho thun mc dch v
Tng qun l dch v
Mng con
Kt ni mng con
Bo v kt ni mng con
Tng qun l mng con
im ngun
Mng quang ng b
M-dun truyn ti ng b
mc n
Time division multiplexing
Ghp knh theo thi gian
Telecommunications
Management Mng qun l vin thng
Network
Trail Signal Degrade
Suy gim tn hiu ng
truyn
Tributary Unit-n
Khi ghp nhnh-n
Universal Control Plane
Mt iu khin chung
User-to-Network Interface
Giao din kt ni ngi s
dng mng
Virtual Container (in SDH)
Conten o
Virtual Concatenation
Ghp chui o
Virtual Channel Connection
Knh kt ni o
Virtual Concatenation Group
Nhm ghp o
Virtual Conten-n
Conten o-n
X contiguously Concatenated VC-ns
X khung VC-n ghp lin tc
X Virtually Concatenated VC-ns
X khung VC-n ghp o
Wait-to-Respond
Ch phn hi
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
1. TNH HNH CUNG CP DCH V KNH THU

RING VIT NAM
Hin nay Vit nam, cc nh cung cp dch v knh thu ring ch yu l VNPT, EVN
telecom v VietTel. Cc dch v knh thu ring hin nay c cung cp a dng bao gm
cc loi: knh thoi, in bo d liu, nx64 kbit/s, 2Mbit/s, 34, 45Mbits/s v SDH
155Mbit/s. Cc nh cung cp ny hin nay ch yu trin khai cc h thng truyn dn
quang da trn SDH v WDM cung cp cc dich v knh thu ring. Nhu cu pht trin
dch v bng rng ngy cng tng th vic nng cp tc v loi hnh dch v knh thu
ring ngy cng tr ln cn thit v cp bch.
1.1 Cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng Vit nam: Hin trng

v nh hng pht trin
1.1.1 Hin trng v nh hng pht trin th trng dch v vin thng
Vit nam
Th trng Vin thng Vit nam pht trin kh nhanh v c nhng bc pht trin t bin
trong nhng nm gn y. Ngoi cc dch v v c bn, cc dch v mi v dch v gi tr
gia tng trn mng vin thng cng pht trin rt mnh nh cc dch v ADSL, dch v
Game trc tuyn, gii tr qua mng di ng,...
Chng ta chng kin s bng n dch v di ng trong vi nm qua. S pht trin mng
di ng to bc t ph trong s lng ngi dng dch v vin thng. Hin nay 64/64
tnh thnh ph c ph sng di ng. Ngoi dch v thoi c bn thu bao, tr trc,
cc ng dng khc ca mng di ng nh nhn tin SMS, MMS, truy nhp s liu qua
WAP,.. cng c a vo khai thc v thu c nhng hiu qu kinh doanh to ln.
S lng ngi s dng dch v truy nhp Internet tng ng k, c bit cc khch hng
hng n dch v truy nhp Internet bng rng (qua ADSL). Mt s th nghim cung
cp dch v truy nhp Internet qua mng cp ng trc cng c thc hin mt s
thnh ph ln.
Cc dch v truyn s liu, dch v Frame Relay, VPN, thu knh ring,.... vn ang c
cung cp. Nhu cu ngi s dng knh thu ring v VPN cng c nhng tn hiu tt.
Th trng vin thng Vit Nam xa b c quyn chuyn sang c ch cnh tranh. Cho
n nay c gn 20 doanh nghip c cp php tham gia hot ng kinh doanh trong th
trng ny cc cung on khc nhau. Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT)
hin vn l doanh nghip ch o cung cp dch v cho khch hng v c cp php tham
gia ton b cc cng on trong th trng vin thng. Bn cnh , c thm nhng
cng ty mnh khc nh Cng ty in t Vin thng Qun i (Viettel), Cng ty Vin thng
in lc, Cng ty c phn dch v BCVT Si Gn (SPT), Cng ty Cng ngh Truyn thng
(FPT) cnh tranh trong lnh vc cung cp dch v thng tin di ng, truy nhp Internet bng
rng v kinh doanh h tng.
Sau y thng k m s doanh nghim c cp php hot ng trong lnh vc vin thng
v IP http://mic.gov.vn/details.asp?Object=211055497&news_ID=4740119
Doanh nghip c cp php hot ng Lnh vc Vin thng

CUNG CP IN THOI C NH
Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT)
Cng ty c phn dch v Bu chnh, Vin thng Si Gn (Saigon Postel)
Cng ty Thng tin vin thng in lc (EVN Telecom)
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Cng ty c phn vin thng H Ni (Hanoi Telecom)

Tng cng ty Vin thng qun i (Viettel)
DCH V IN THOI DI NG

Cng ty c phn Vin thng H Ni (Hanoi Telecom)
Tng cng ty Vin thng qun i (Viettel)
C n g
t y
Th ng
t i n v i n t h ng
i
DCH V VIN THNG QUC T

Cng ty Thng tin Vin thng in lc (EVN Telecom)
Tng cng ty Cng ty Vin thng qun i (Viettel)
DCH V THNG TIN DI NG

Cng ty c phn dch v Bu chnh Vin thng Si gn (SPT)
Cng ty Thng tin vin thng in lc (EVN Telecom)
Tng cng ty Hng khng Vit Nam
DCH V IN THOI VIN THNG NG DI TRONG NC V QUC T

S DNG GIAO THC IP

Cng ty Thng tin Vin thng in lc (EVN Telecom)
Cng ty Thng tin in t Hng Hi (Vishipel)
Cng ty C phn vin thng H Ni (Hanoi Telecom)
Doanh nghip chnh thc cung cp dch v trong lnh vc Internet

DOANH NGHIP CHNH THC CUNG CP DCH V KT NI INTERNET (IXP)- 5
doanh nghip

Cng ty in t Vin thng qun i (VIETTEL)
Cng ty c phn pht trin u t cng ngh FPT
Cng ty vin thng in lc (EVN Telecom)
DOANH NGHIP CHNH THC CUNG CP DCH V TRUY NHP INTERNET

(ISP) - 9 doanh nghip
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
( E VN T

Cng ty in t Vin thng qun i - (VIETTEL)
Cng ty C phn dch v Internet (OCI)
Cng ty c phn dch v Bu chnh Vin thng Si Gn (SPT)
Cng ty SXKD in, in t qun 10 TP. HCM (TIENET)
Cng ty thng tin vin thng in lc (EVN Telecom)
Cng ty Netnam (NETNAM)
DOANH NGHIP CHNH THC CUNG CP DCH V NG DNG INTERNET

(OSP) - 14 doanh nghip
Cng ty in ton v Truyn s liu (VDC/VNPT)

Cng ty pht trin phn mm (VASC/VNPT)
Cng ty in t Vin thng qun i - (VIETTEL)
Cng ty C phn dch v Internet (OCI)
Cng ty c phn dch v Bu chnh Vin thng Si Gn (SPT)
Cng ty SXKD in, in t qun 10 TP. HCM (TIENET)
Cng ty thng tin vin thng in lc (EVN Telecom)
Cng ty Netnam (NETNAM)
Cng ty TNHH Pht trin CNTT t Thnh
C n g
t y
c
p h n T i n h o c Vi n t h n g
Ch u
C n g
t y
c
p h n C n g
ng h
m n g
( QTn e t )
Cng ty TNHH TM-DV Thun Tho
Cng ty C phn mng truyn thng quc t (IncomNet)
Pht huy mi ngun ni lc ca t nc kt hp vi hp tc quc t hiu qu m rng,

pht trin th trng. Thit lp th trng cnh tranh, to iu kin cho mi thnh phn kinh
t tham gia th trng dch v vin thng. Phn u nm 2010, th phn ca cc doanh
nghip mi t khong 40-50%.
Tch cc khai thc th trng trong nc, ph cp cc dch v vin thng c bn cho mi
vng t nc; u tin pht trin nhanh cc dch v mi, dch v gi tr gia tng p ng
nhu cu cc trung tm kinh t - x hi, vng kinh t trng im.
Thc y cc doanh nghip u t pht trin h tng mng vin thng. Duy tr 6 giy php
u t cho khu vc ny.
To iu kin cho cc doanh nghip truyn hnh cp, truyn hnh s, cc doanh nghip in
lc cung cp dch v Internet v cc dch v trn nn IP. Khuyn khch v to iu kin cho
cc doanh nghip vin thng m rng kinh doanh sang lnh vc cung cp dch v pht
thanh truyn hnh qua Internet, cung cp ni dung thng tin.
Bng 1-1. Qui hoch cp php kinh doanh trong lnh vc vin thng
Nm
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
CP PHP HOT NG
P h
H tng v
dch v vin
thng quc
t
3
3
H tng v
dch v di
ng
IXP
OSP
Truy nhp
Internet
2004
2005
H tng v
dch v vin
thng c
nh
5
5
5
5
6
6
2006
2007
15
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
2008
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
2009
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
2010
Cp php cho
DN truyn
hnh
Cp php cho
DN truyn
hnh
Cp php cho
DN truyn
hnh
Cp php cho
DN truyn
hnh
11
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
1.1.2 Thc trng kinh doanh dch v truyn ti Vit nam

Hin nay c 5 nh khai thc c cp php xy dng h tng v cung cp dch v truyn
ti l: VNPT, Viettel, SPT, ETC v Hanoi Telecom. Tuy nhin hin ch c 3 nh cung
cp trin khai h tng truyn dn l VNPT, Viettel v ETC. Trong ch c VNPT
v Viettel c mng truyn dn ng trc da trn cng ngh WDM.
Cc nh khai thc cn li ch yu hng n trin khai h tng cung cp dch v di ng v
truy nhp Internet tc cao. Nhng dch v ny s em li li nhun nhanh chng cho nh
cung cp. H tng mng truyn ti cha phi l vn quan tm ca h trong giai on ny.
1.1.3 Hin trng mng truyn ti quang ng trc v dch v cung cp

ca VNPT
1.1.3.1 Mng truyn dn
Mng truyn dn ca mng Vin thng Vit nam cng c phn chia ra lm cc cp mng
sau:
- Mng truyn dn quc t do VTI qun l hin bao gm:
Mng cp quang bin quc t 565Mb/s ( Thi lan-Vit nam-Hng kng-TVH )

SMW3 (2,5 GB/s).
Cc trm cp thuc
PhnmPnh(155MB/s).
Tuyn cp quang bin SEA-ME-WE3 dung lng l 10Gb/s
Mng VSAT c trm ch ( HUB ) c thit lp vi hn 50 trm thu bao
Ngoi ra VTI cn c dung lung trn mt s tuyn cp quang bin khc m

bo kt ni ti nhiu quc gia trn th gii, nh tuyn APNC, TPC-5, China-US,
Ngoi cc tuyn cp quang bin VTI cn khai thc cc trm thng tin v tinh mt
t HS1, HAN 1A, DNG 1B, SBE 1A, SBE2A, SBE3A, SAG 2F2, v HUB-VSAT.
tuyn
CSC(2,5GB/s),tuyn
cp
quang
TPHCM-
Mng truyn dn quc gia do VTN qun l
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Tuyn trc BcNam s dng mng Ring cp quang 2,5GB/s (trn cp quang QL1A v cp quang 500KV) v tuyn viba PDH 140MB/s c cu hnh 2+1. Mng
truyn dn cp quang lin tnh pht trin c ti hu ht cc trung tm tnh.
H thng DWDM ng trc 40G c xy dng trn tuyn cp quang t lin

QL1A, ng HCM v t chc thnh 5 ring.
Tng chiu di tuyn cp quang QL-1A l 1935 km, tng chiu di cc tuyn cp
quang lin tnh l 5090 km
Sp ti VTN s xy dng h thng DWDM 80G trn tuyn ng trc ny
Mng truyn dn ni tnh

-
Mng truyn dn ni tnh hnh thnh t nhng ng Ring cp quang chy qua cc
huyn. Mt s tuyn cp quang th nghim ti mt s x v mt s thu bao c
yu cu thnh ph. Cc tuyn cp quang ni tnh c pht trin mnh m trn
ton quc thay th dn cc tuyn viba s PDH c dung lng hn ch khng
p ng nhu cu ca khch hng. Cc tnh c s km cp quang ni tnh ln l: TP
HCM (710km), Qung Ngi (490km), ng Nai (459km), H Ni (375km).
Tng chiu di cc tuyn cp quang ni tnh trong c nc hin nay c khong

7755km vi cc loi cp chn, treo v c s si t 8-24 si.
1.1.3.2 Cc dch v cung cp trn mng truyn ti quang

Mng truyn ti ng trc hin nay c kh nng cung cp dch v thu knh mc lung
(theo tc phn cp SDH).
Vic cung cp knh thu ring c th thc hin theo hai kiu:
-
Cung cp kt ni c nh: cung cp cc knh kt ni vo mng trong ton b thi

gian hp ng.
Cung cp kt ni mm: cung cp/gii phng cc kt ni ngay khi c yu cu (thc

hin bng tay).
Hin nay VNPT l nh cung cp dch v knh thu ring ln Vit nam. Trong cung
cp cc dch v knh thu ring trong nc v quc t.
Dch v knh thu ring l dch v cho thu knh truyn dn vt l dng ring kt ni v
truyn thng tin gia cc thit b u cui, mng ni b, mng vin thng dng ring ca
khch hng ti hai a im c nh khc nhau.
Dch v knh thu ring p ng c cc nhu cu kt ni trc tip theo phng thc im
ni im gia hai u cui ca khch hng.
Hin, dch v thu knh ring trong nc v quc t ca VNPT v ang c nhiu rt
khch hng s dng. C th k n cc khch hng ln ang s dng dch v thu knh
vin thng trong nc v quc t ca VNPT hin nay nh Ngn hng u t v Pht trin
Vit Nam, Ngn hng Cng Thng, Ngn hng Ngoi thng, Cng ty c phn
SaigonPostel, Hanoi Telecom, rt nhiu B, Ngnh, Cng ty nc ngoi nh Intel, CISCO,
NORTEL...
Bng 1-2 l s lng khch hng s dng dch v knh thu ring do VTN cung cp theo
s liu thng k nm 2006. Mt s khch hng c bit c doanh thu cao nht (trong nm
2006) l:
VMS: 118,593,473,182 (gn 118 t, 600 triu ng)
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC

STT
1
2
3
Ngn hng NN PTNN: 13,052,859,291 (trn 13 t ng).

Bng 1-2: Tng kt s lng khch hng s dng dch v KTR (VTN)
n v
KTR
MEGAWAN
Trung tm 1
64
33
Trung tm 2
107
59
Trung tm 3
29
9
Tng cng
200 (Khch hng)
101 (KH)
Bng 1-3: Tng s knh thu ring v dung lng ca VNPT tnh n thng 3 nm
2007.
STT
Ch tiu
VTI
VTN
Tng
cng
1
S knh thu ring Quc t,
6560
6560
(Tnh n 3.2007)
knh
2
Dung lng knh thu ring
410
410
(Tnh n 3.2007)
Quc t, Mbit/s
3
S knh thu ring Lin
48
21795
21843 (Tnh n 12.2006)
tnh, knh
4
3
1362
1365
(Tnh n 12.2006)
Lin tnh, Mbit/s
5
S knh thu ring Ni
5
5168
5173
(Tnh n 12.2006)
tnh/Ni ht, knh
6
0.3
323
323.3
(Tnh n 12.2006)
Ni tnh/Ni ht, knh
(Mbit/s)
Ghi ch:
- S knh c quy i ra knh 64 kbit/s
- S liu c tnh trung bnh 1 thng/nm
Bng 1-3 l s liu thng k s lng knh thu ring (quy i ra knh 64 kbit/s) v dung
lng knh thu ring do VTI v VTN cung cp trong nc v quc t.
Trn y mi ch l s liu thng k ca mt trong cc nh khai thc Vin thng trn th
trng Vin thng Vit Nam. C th thy, vi s lng ln cc knh thu ring c s
dng nh vy tng ng vi n l khng t cc thit b u cui knh thu ring c s
dng trn mng.
Hin nay, vi s pht trin ca cc dch v mng ring o v cc dch v ngn hng (dch
v ATM), s lng cc knh thu ring s ngy cng tng. iu dn n nhu cu chun
ha i vi thit b u cui ni vo mng vin thng cng cng s dng knh thu ring.
c tnh k thut:
+ h thng thit b truyn dn v dch v cung cp c cht lng m bo tiu chun
quc t ITU-T
+ Cc thit b u cui kt ni vi mng VNPT cn c hp chun
+ Cc kt ni knh thu ring tc 2Mbit/s v 155Mbit/s thng qua cc giao din
chun theo G.703 v giao din quang G.957
+ Tc p ng cc yu cu ca khch hng.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
+ Cung cp cc kt ni theo tiu chun im- im, im - a im

+ cc giao din chun
V gi cc
Va qua, thc hin Ch th 18/2007/CT-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v mt s bin php
cp bch kim ch tc tng gi th trng, ng thi vi vic chuyn i p dng cng
ngh mi gip cho VNPT gim ng k gi thnh, v vy VNPT quyt nh gim
mnh cc thu knh trong nc v quc t. Vi mc gim n tng t ngy 1/9/2007
trong khong t 20 - 50%, gi cc thu knh mi s c tc ng ng k n hot ng
ca cc doanh nghip vin thng, CNTT, Internet..., gip cc doanh nghip, t chc thc
y ng dng CNTT trong qun l, iu hnh, gp phn lm gim gi thnh, nng cao hiu
qu chc qun l v kinh doanh, nng cao sc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip, gip cho
doanh nghip, t chc t tin khi hi nhp kinh t quc t.
C th, cc thu knh quc t c tnh theo thng. Mc gi c quy nh theo cc tiu
chun, cht lng, tc khc nhau nh knh c khi phc (l knh lun c m bo
k c khi xy ra s c trn tuyn cp quang quc t) hoc knh khng c khi phc ; theo
tc knh t 300 b/s n 155 Mbs/s, vi mc cc thp nht l 372 USD/na knh/ thng
v cao nht l 123.615 USD/na knh/thng.
Cng vi vic gim cc thu knh quc t, t thng 9 va qua, cc thu knh trong nc
cng c gim mnh tng ng, vi mc gim t 20 - 50%. Theo , cc thu knh ni
ht c quy nh tng ng vi 36 tc knh. Knh c tc thp nht di 56Kbps s
p dng 2 mc cc: mc 1 l 420.000 ng/knh/thng, mc 2 l 491.000
ng/knh/thng; knh c tc cao 155 Mbps c mc cc l 107.740.000
ng/knh/thng v 116.028.000 ng/knh/thng. Cc thu knh ni tnh cng c quy
nh tng ng vi 40 tc . Knh c tc thp di 56 Kbps s p dng 2 mc cc l
581.000 ng/knh/thng v 797.000 ng/knh/thng; knh c tc ln n 155 Mbps
s l 88.562.000 ng/knh/thng v 123.574.000 ng/knh/thng. Vic quy nh thnh
cc mc cc 1, mc cc 2 vi mc tiu bo v quyn li khch hng, khong cch
thu gn s c mc cc thp, thu xa phi thanh ton mc cao hn.
i vi dch v thu knh lin tnh, vi c th Vit Nam l nc tri di trn 1000 km nn
p ng yu cu khch hng, cc thu knh c phn thnh 5 vng cc v quy nh
tng ng vi 40 tc knh. Theo , knh c tc thp di 56/64 Kb/s c mc cc
ti thiu l 636.000 ng/knh/thng ti vng 1; mc cc ti a l 3.217.000
ng/knh/thng ti vng 5. Knh c tc ln n 155 Mb/s s p dng mc cc ti
thiu l 102.286.000 ng/knh/thng ti vng 1 v mc cc ti a l 346.718.000
ng/knh/thng ti vng 5.
Ngoi ra, p ng yu cu s dng dch v ca mt s khch hng hot ng trong lnh
vc kh tng thu vn, hng hi... bng cc dch v thu knh vin thng trong nc cn
quy nh mc cc ca mt s knh c th nh knh in bo (tc 50, 100 baud), knh
thoi dng lin lc in bo nhiu knh, knh thoi M1040... v mc cc hin ph
hp vi kh nng chi tr ca khch hng.
Nu khch hng thu knh trong nc, quc t c cam kt thu s dng lu di, thu nhiu
knh... th tu theo tng cam kt c th m VNPT s gim cc tip cho khch hng.
Khch hng s ch phi thanh ton cc mc gi thp hn.
Nh vy vi vic gim t 20 - 50% cc thu knh ring trong nc v quc t ca VNPT,
cc khch hng li c thm c hi c hng li trong vic s dng dch v vin thng
cht lng cao, gi thnh gim.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
1.1.4 Hin trng mng truyn ti v dch v cung cp ca Viettel

1.1.4.1 H tng mng truyn ti
Viettel c h tng mng truyn dn quang ng trc v ang xy dng mng truyn
dn ni ht ti trung tm kinh t ln nh H ni v Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
Mng truyn dn ang c trin khai mnh ti cc tnh. Hin nay Viettel ang cng Tng
cng ty ng st xy dng tuyn cp quang Bc Nam dc theo ng st, ngoi tuyn cp
quang trn ng dy in lc 500KV:
Mng ng trc Bc - Nam vi cng ngh ghp bc sng WDM SDH, dung lng 2,5
Gbit/s c nng cp ln 10 Gbit/s c cu trc Ring c to bi ng trc cp quang
trn ng dy 500KV v ng trc cp quang dc tuyn ng st Bc Nam.
Thit lp cc vng Ring ni ht ti cc thnh ph nh H Ni, TP.H Ch Minh,
Nng,...
Cng ty truyn dn viettel ( Viettel transmission
Mng li cp quang ph rng ton quc 64/64 tnh thnh, cp quang
Quc t t lin, ca ng v tinh dung lng ln v cng ngh mi
Mng li >25.000 Km cp quang c lp n cc huyn trn ton quc Vittl cn
hp tc trao i dung lng cht ch vi EVN Telecom, B Cng An v VTN.
H Tng Trong Nc
mng ng trc
mng lin tnh
mng Ni ht cc thnh ph ln
Mng truy nhp
Mng ng trc Bc Nam c cu thnh t cc ng trc 1A(5Gbps), 1B(10Gbps)
v 1C(>40Gbps). Sp ti s a vo khai thc ng trc mi 2B (400Gbps).
Mng lin tnh cc khu vc: ng Bc B, Ty Bc B, Ty Nam B v ng Nam
B. Tc STM16 (2.5Gbps)
Vng ring ni ht ti cc thnh ph ln: H Ni (10Gbps), TP HCM (10Gbps), Hi
Phng (2.5Gbps), Nng (2.5Gbps)...
Mng truy nhp l cc vng ring tc 155Mbps (STM-1) ph n tt c cc qun,
huyn trn c nc.
ng trc 1A
- Dung lng 5Gb/s
- Chy trn ng trc 500Kv Bc Nam-Mch 1
- Cung cp dch v vi cc dung lng: nx64, E1/T1, E3/T3, STM1, STM4....
- S dng cng ngh ghp knh theo bc sng-WDM
ng trc 1b
- Dung lng 10Gb/s
- Chy dc hnh lang an ton ng st tuyn H Ni TP H Ch Minh
- Cung cp dch v vi cc dung lng : nx64, E1/T1, E3/T3, STM1, STM4, STM-16,
FE, GE...
S dng cng ngh truyn dn SDH, h knh trc tip t 10Gbps xung E1.
H tng quc t
Ca ng quc t cp quang t lin
Ca ng quc t cp quang bin
Ca ng quc t mng ci qung ninh
- Kt ni cp quang t lin c vu hi 1+1 qua Trung Quc
- Dung lng kt ni 2.5Gb/s
- Cung cp cc dch v: nx64,E1/T1, E3/T3, STM1, STM4....
- i tc kt ni: China Netcom, China Unicom, HGC - HK, PCCW - HK, NTT JP.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Ca ng quc t lng sn
Kt ni cp quang t lin c vu hi 1+1 qua Trung quc
- Dung lng kt ni 2.5Gb/s
- Cung cp cc dch v: nx64,E1/T1, E3/T3, STM1, STM4....
- i tc kt ni: China Telecom-TQ, HGC-HK, Teleglobe....
Ca ng quc t lao bo & cu treo
Kt ni cp quang t lin c vu hi 1+1 qua Lo
- Dung lng kt ni STM-4
- Cung cp cc dch v: nx64,E1/T1, E3/T3, STM1
- i tc kt ni: Lao Telecom
Ca ng quc t an giang
Kt ni cp quang t lin c vu hi 1+1 qua Campuchia
- Dung lng kt ni STM-4
- Cung cp cc dch v: nx64,E1/T1, E3/T3, STM1
- i tc kt ni:Campuchia
Ca ng quc t cp quang bin
Kt ni cp quang bin sang Hong Kong, Thai Lan, M...
- Dung lng kt ni 5 x STM-16 (5x2.5Gbps)
- Cung cp cc dch v: nx64,E1/T1, E3/T3, STM-1
- i tc kt ni: AGG (USA)
Ca ng v tinh sn ty
Kt ni vi v tinh Intelsat c vng ph rng ln: khu vc chu M, chu , chu

c...
Dung lng 155Mbps
1.1.4.2 Cc dch v truyn dn

Vi mng li h tng quang ho trn ton quc 64/64 tnh thnh h thng VSAT
(ang trin khai xy dng vi 100 trm Remote), cc ca ng cp quang t lin
quc t kt ni vi cc i tc hng u ti khu vc v th gii (CNC, China-
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Telecom, HGC, PCCW...) Vietel c th p ng nhu cu ca khch hng v nhu cu

bng thng.
Vi cng ngh SDH v cc cng ngh truy nhp xDSL tin tin. Khch hng c th
s dng bng thng theo yu cu (Nx64, E1, E3, FE, GE, STM-N ) tin cy cao
(c ch bo v 1+1) .
Cc m hnh dch v:
- Dch v thu knh ring trong nc (Leased Line) qua cp quang, cp ng, vi ba
hay qua h thng VSAT:
* Dch v thu knh ring ni ht
* Dch v thu knh ring ni tnh
* Dch v thu knh ring lin tnh
VSAT.
- Dch v thu knh ring quc t (IPLC) qua cp quang t lin, qua v tinh v
- Dch v truyn bo, truyn hnh hi ngh, truyn hnh trc tip trn ton quc
Bn cnh chng ti c th cung cp cc dch v LL Internet, IXP, cc dch v

khc trn nn NGN nh VPN, MPLS
Cc m hnh kt ni
Cung cp nhiu m hnh kt ni linh hot tu theo yu cu ca Qu khch hng, ph
thuc vo ng dng v kch c mng:
- M hnh im - im:
SERVICE PROVIDER
NTU
NTU
* Trin khai nhanh, n gin

* Qun l d dng
* Nng cp dung lng thun tin
* Chi ph tn km v khng hiu qu trong vic qun l khi m rng
* p dng i vi cc doanh nghip nh, t chi nhnh
* Phng thc kt ni: Cp quang, cp ng, Viba, VSAT
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
- M hnh im - a im
NTU
SERVICE PROVIDER
NTU
NTU
DSLAM
NTU
* Hiu qu trong vic qun l
* Gim chi ph khi m rng mng
* Trin khai phc tp
* Nng cp dung lng phc tp
*p dng i vi cc doanh nghip ln nhiu chi nhnh
* Phng thc kt ni: Cp quang, cp ng, Viba, VSAT
Mt s khch hng & i tc
khch hng
i tc
Ha noi telecom
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Viettel mobile
huephong
b tI chnh
Viettel internet
INCOMBANK
Ngn hng nh nc
Reuter
Viettel IDD
FPt
metro
SFONE
agribank
VIETCOMBANK
eximbank
sita
seabank
Nh u t - CN HCM
vinaphone
Unionpay bank
Mobifone
techcombank
habubank
HANOI TELECOM
Quan im gi cc
Linh hot, c cc chnh sch gi u i i vi cc khch hng ln, c bit

Gi cc linh hot theo gi dch v:
- Thu Leased line: 1 knh hay nhiu knh
- Thu Leased line v cc dch v khc ca Viettel
Gi cc linh hot theo thi hn hp ng:
- Hp ng ngn hn
- Hp ng di hn
Gi cc theo dung lng kt ni: Nx64, E1, E3, STM-1
Gi cc phn loi theo khch hng: Cc B ngnh, t chc chnh ph, cc t chc
o to.
Cam kt v t chc ng cu S c
Viettel t chc ng cu thng tin cho KH 24/24h v cam kt thi gian x l s c nh sau:
-
i vi cc knh ng trc:
Thi gian x l s s < 3h
i vi cc tuyn nhnh:
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Thi gian x l s s < 4h
1.1.5 Hin trng mng truyn ti v dch v cung cp ca EVN

EVNTelecom l nh cung cp dch v knh thu ring cho cc khch hng ln trong v
ngoi nc s dng dch v thu knh ring nh: cc Cng ty kinh doanh dch v vin
thng, ngn hng v cc B, ngnh
Vi li th mng ng trc Bc Nam tc cao v h thng mng nhnh cp quang lin
tnh, ni ht, EVN cung cp cho Qu khch hng knh truyn dn s dng cp v cc thit
b u cui quang c cht lng v tin cy cao nht. Khch hng s dng thit b u
cui ca mnh cn c hp chun v tng thch vi mng ca EVN
EVNTelecom c 03 cng quc t dung lng ln hn 5Gbps v sn sng nng cp ln
10 Gbps ang hot ng vi an ton cao v m bo c cht lng dch v p ng
ti a nhu cu ca khch hng, c kh nng cung cp cho khch hng dch v thu knh
ring vi mi tc , mi lc v mi ni.
Vi cu trc mch vng cp quang ti cc cng quc t, EVNTelecom s gip khch hng
hn ch n mc ti a cc thit hi khi c s c, to s thng sut cho knh truyn.
Cc loi knh truyn c th cung cp:
- Knh vin thng ni ht vi tc t 64kbps n 155Mbps
- Knh vin thng ni tnh vi tc t 64kbps n 155Mbps
- Knh vin thng lin tnh vi tc t 64kbps n 155Mbps
- Knh vin thng quc t vi tc t 64kbps n 155Mbps
Li ch ca dch v:
- an ton v bo mt thng tin tuyt i trn ng truyn
- S dung knh lin lc 24/24
- p ng c nhiu loi hnh dch v:
Thu knh (TDM, IP) trong nc v quc t, dch v IP VPN
Dch v VSAT
Kt ni Internet, cung cp cc kt ni cho cc ISP, IXP vi tc theo yu cu.
EVN cam kt mang ti cho khch hng cht lng dch v tt nht, dch v h tr khch
hng chu o, th tc ng k nhanh gon, kt ni nhanh chng, gi cc hp l, dch v a
dng
Gi cc: Ngoi chnh sch gi cc chung, EVN cn c chnh sch ring i vi
nhng khch hng thu knh vi s lng ln.Gim cc theo thi hn hp ng
Gim cc thu knh i vi nhng khch hng c bit
EVN Telecom c h thng dch v knh truyn a dng, c th cung cp cho khch
hng cc loi knh sau:
TT
1
2
3
4
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Loi knh
Knh vin thng ni ht
Knh vin thng ni tnh
Knh vin thng lin tnh
Knh vin thng quc t
Hnh 1-1 Cu hnh mng truyn dn EVN telecom
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
1.2 Kt lun
Th trng vin thng Vit nam chuyn hng t c quyn sang cnh tranh. Hin
c gn 20 doanh nghip c cp php hot ng trong cc cung on th trng.
c 5 doanh nghip c cp php kinh doanh h tng; hin ch c 3 doanh nghip c

kh nng cung cp dch v truyn ti cho khch hng, l VNPT (i din l VTN) ,
EVN v Viettel.
Nhu cu thu knh truyn ti l rt ln do c nhiu doanh nghip tp trung vo khu vc

cung cp dch v ngi s dng (in hnh l di ng v truy nhp Internet).
Dch v knh thu ring a dng, theo dung lng t 64kbit/s n 155Mbit/s
H thng truyn dn ca cc nh cung cp hin ch yu da theo SDH v c trin

khai t cc nh cung cp thit b ln v u c hp chun v c cc c trng sau:
o V giao din: cc sn phm ny u c giao din in tun theo khuyn ngh
G.703, giao din quang tun theo khuyn ngh ITU-T G.957, giao din ng b
tun theo ITU-T G.703.
o Cu trc ghp knh qua AUG4 (VC-4) tun theo khuyn ngh ITU-T G.707
( option ETSI) vi kh nng cung cp cc lung 2, 34, 140 Mbit/s
o Cc thit b u c th thit lp cu hnh lm vic nh mt thit b u cui
hoc mt b ghp knh xen/r
o V chc nng gim st cht lng: cc thit b u c kh nng thc hin gim
st cht lng ca tn hiu. Ti cc module giao din ca thit b u c cc
im truy nhp cho php ly ra cc thng tin gim st ti cc mc khc nhau.
Cc thng tin c gim st ch yu bao gm:
o Li khi nn (BBE)
o Giy c li (ES)
o Giy c li nghim trng (SES)
o Thit lp lung trn c s h thng NMS thng qua nh khai thc, cha c kh
nng cung cp lung mt cch t ng;
Cc nh cung cp dch v in hnh u yu cu cc u cui kt ni vo mng phi

c hp chun , c c trng sau:
o Cc dch v knh thu ring ch yu l im- im, cht lng cao thng c
bo v bi h thng truyn dn 1+1, hay Ring
o Cung cp cc giao din PDH v SDH theo cu trc ETSI: E1, E3,DS3, E4 v
STM-1/4 tng ng vi cu trc VC-12,VC-3, VC-4.
o Cu trc tn hiu theo cu trc ghp knh ca ETSI
o Ch bo v dng chung mc on ghp knh c kh nng hi phc mng
nhanh (<50ms) khi c mt s c ngoi nt kt ni tho mn yu cu v tnh sn
sng mc nh khai thc;
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Hnh 1-2 Cu trc ghp knh theo ITU/ ETSI
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
2. NGHIN CU CC TIU CHUN LIN QUAN

N CNG NGH SDH V KNH THU RING
Trc khi i vo xy dng tiu chun v phng php o, cc bi o c th cho dch
v knh thu ring SDH, trong phn ny s r sot li cc tiu chun lin quan n
SDH lm c s cho vic xy dng tiu chun v phng php o cc chng sau.
Cc tiu chun lin quan n cng ngh SDH c phn loi nh sau:
Bng 2-4 Cc tiu chun lin quan n cng ngh SDH
Ch
ITU-T
ETSI Standards
Recommendations
G.703 (10/98)
G.957 (06/99),
Amd1(12/03)
G.692 (10/98)
K.41 (05/98)
G.691 (04/00)
ETS 300 166

ETS 300 232, ETS
300 232(A1)
ETS 300 166
(09/99)
Kin
trc
mng
G.805 (11/95), (03/00)

G.803 (06/97), (03/00)
I.322 (02/99)
ETR 114
Cu
trc v
sp xp
G.704 (10/98)
G.707 (12/03)
G.7041 (12/01),
Amd1(06/02),
Amd2(03/03),
Corr1(03/03),
Err1(07/03)
G.7042 (11/01),
Amd1(06/02),
Corr1(03/03)
G.708 (10/98)
G.832 (10/98)
ETS 300 167

(08/93), (09/99)
ETS 300 147 Ed.3
ETS 300 337 Ed.2
c tnh
chc
nng
thit b
G.664 (06/99)
G.781 (06/99)
G.783 (10/00),
Corr1(03/01),
Amd1(06/02),
Corr2(03/03)
G.958 (01/94)
G.705 (04/00)
G.806 (04/0)
EN 300 417-x-y
(x=1-7,9 y=1-2)
ETS 300 635
ETS 300 785
RE/TM-1042-x-1
(x=1-5)
MI/TM-4048
(9712)
An
Ton
quang
G.664 (06/99)
G.841 (10/98), Corr1

(08/02)
G.842 (04/97)
G.808.1 (2003)
M.2102 (03/00)
ETS 300 746

ETS 300 417-1-1
ETS 300 417-3-1
ETS 300 417-4-1
TS 101 009
Giao
din vt
l
Bo v
mng
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Tiu chun ngnh

TCN p dng
Ghi ch
TCN 68-172:1998
cp nht, b
sung mi trong
ti R sot [29,30]
TCN 68-173:1998
TCN 68-175:1998
TCN 68-177:
1998
cp nht, b
sung mi trong
ti R sot [29,30]
16
TS 101 010
RE/TM-1042
TR/TM-03070
Bo v
thit b
M.3100 Amendment
Khi
phc
DTR/TM-3076
Qun l
thit b
G.784 (06/99)
EN 301 167
EN 300 417-7-1
DE/TM-2210-3
G.773 (03/93)
G.774 (09/92),
Corr.1(11/96), (04/00)
G.774.01 (11/94),
Corr1(11/96), (04/00)
G.774.02 (11/94),
Corr1(11/96), (04/00)
G.774.03 (11/94),
Corr1(11/96), (04/00)
G.774.04 (07/95),
Corr1(11/96), (04/00)
G.774.05 (07/95),
Corr1(11/96), (04/00)
G.774.06 (04/00)
G.774.07 (11/96),
(04/00)
G.774.08 (04/00)
G.774.09 (04/00)
G.774.10 (04/00)
ETS 300 304 Ed.2

ETS 300 484
ETS 300 413
ETS 300 411
ETS 300 493 prEN
301 155
Giao
din
truyn
thng
qun l
M hnh
thng
tin
Qun l G.831 (08/96), (03/97)

T.50 (09/92)
mng
G.85x.y (11/96)
ETS 300 810
Cht
lng
mng,
c tnh
li
G.826 (02/99)
G.827 (02/00)
G.827.1 (11/00)
G.828 (02/00)
G.829 (02/00)
M.2101 (02/00)
M.2101.1 (04/97)
M.2102 (02/00)
M.2110 (04/97)
M.2120 (04/97),
(02/00)
M.2130 (02/00)
M.2140 (02/00)
EN 301 167
c tnh
li thit
G.783 (02/04)
G.784 (06/99)
EN 300 417-x-1
RE/TM-1042
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
TCN 68-177:
1998 ,
cp nht, b
sung mi trong
ti R sot [29,30]
TCN 68-164:1997
17
c tnh
Jitter &
Wander
Knh
thu
ring
G.813 (08/96)
G.822 (1988)
G.823 (03/93), (03/00) EN 300 462-5-1 EN
G.824 (03/93), (03/00)
302 084 (01/99)
G.825 (03/93), (02/99)
DEN/TM-1079
G.783 (10/00), corr.
(05/98)
O.171 (04/97)
O.172 (03/99), (06/98)
M.13sdh (02/00)
EN 301 164
EN 301 165
G.803 (06/97), (02/99)

G.810 (08/96)
G.811 (09/97)
G.812 (06/98)
G.813 (03/03)
EN 300 462-1
EN 300 462-2
EN 300 462-3
EN 300 462-4
EN 300 462-5
EN 300 462-6
EN 300 417-6-1
DEG/TM-01080
(03/99)
Tn hiu
th
O.150
O.181
Digital
Video
ETS 300 814

TR 101 200
ng b
TCN 68-177:
1998 ,
cp nht, b
sung mi trong
ti R sot [29,30]
TCN 68-164:1997
Cha p dng , bin

son
TCN 68-177:
1998 ,
cp nht, b
sung mi trong
ti R sot [29,30]
TCN 68-171:1998
TCN 68-164:1997
-
V mng vin thng ca Vit nam ch yu tun theo cc tiu chun ca ITU-T v
ETSI nn trong phn di y s thc hin tm tt cc tiu chun in hnh ca ITU-T
lin quan n SDH
2.1 Cc tiu chun quc t

2.1.1 Tiu chun v c tnh in ca giao din
2.1.1.1 ITU-T G.703 - c tnh in/vt l ca cc giao din phn cp s
Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc ch tiu v c tnh in v vt l ca cc giao din ti

phn cp s nh qui nh trong khuyn ngh G.702 (PDH) v G.707 (SDH), vi mc
ch nhm kt ni cc thnh phn ca mng truyn dn s.
Cc giao din phn cp s c qui nh trong khuyn ngh ny bao gm: giao din ti
tc 64 kbit/s, 1544 kbit/s, 2048 kbit/s, 6312 kbit/s, 32064 kbit/s, 44736 kbit/s, 8448
kbit/s, 34368 kbit/s, 139264 kbit/s, giao din ng b 2048 kHz, giao din 97728
kbit/s, 155520 kbit/s (STM-1e), 51840 kbit/s (STM-0).
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
18
2.1.2 Tiu chun v c tnh quang ca giao din

2.1.2.1 ITU-T G.957 - Giao din quang cho cc thit b v h thng lin quan n phn cp
s ng b
Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc ch tiu v giao din quang cho cc thit b v h

thng SDH c nh ngha trong khuyn ngh G.707 v lm vic trn si
quang n mode G.652, G.653 v G.654
Mc ch ca khuyn ngh ny l a ra cc ch tiu v giao din quang cho cc

thit b SDH c nh ngha trong khuyn ngh G.783 t c kh nng
tng hp ngang trn mt tuyn truyn dn (tc l kh nng s dng thit b t
nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau trn cng mt tuyn truyn dn)
Cc ch tiu trong khuyn ngh ny c p dng cho cc h thng trong

mi hng truyn dn s dng mt si quang.
Cc ch tiu v giao din quang c qui nh cho cc loi h thng c trong

bng di y:
Bng 2-5 Phn loi cc giao din quang theo ng dng v qui nh v m ng
dng ca h thng (G.975)

Lin i
ng dng
Ni i
Bc sng ngun pht

danh nh (nm)
1310
1310
1550
1310
Rec. G.652
Rec. G.652
Rec. G.652
Rec. G.652
Loi si quang
Tuyn ngn
1550
Rec. G.652
Rec. G.654
STM-1
I-1
S-1.1
S-1.2
L-1.1
L-1.2
L-1.3
Mc STM STM-4
I-4
S-4.1
S-4.2
L-4.1
L-4.2
L-4.3
I-16
S-16.1
S-16.2
L-16.1
L-16.2
L-16.3
STM-16
40
Rec. G.653
Khong cch (km)a)
a)
15
Tuyn di
80
Khong cch ny c dng phn loi ch khng phi l ch tiu k thut
Cc tham s c qui nh bao gm:

-
Ch tiu i vi phn pht ti im S:

o Loi ngun pht
o c tnh ph ngun pht
o Cng sut pht trung bnh
o H s phn bit
o Mt n hnh mt
ng truyn gia im S v R
o Di suy hao
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
19
o Tn sc
o Gi tr ORL ti S
o Phn x cc i gia S v R
-
Phn thu im R
o nhy thu
o Mc qu ti
o thit thi lung quang
o Phn x cc i ca b thu ti im R
2.1.2.2 TU-T G.691 - Giao din quang cho cc h thng n knh quang STM-64, STM256 v cc h thng SDH c s dng khuch i quang
Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc ch tiu v giao din quang nhm m bo tnh tng hp

ngang ca cc h thng:
-
H thng lin i n knh quang STM-4, STM-16 v STM-64 s dng tin

khuch i v khuch i cng sut quang.
H thng n knh quang STM-64 ni i v tuyn ngn (SH) khng s dng

khuch i quang
i vi h thng STM-256, cc ch tiu vn cn ang tip tc dc nghin cu
Vic s dng LA khng nm trong phm vi ca khuyn ngh ny

Khuyn ngh ny p dng cho cc h thng trong mi hng truyn dn s dng
mt si quang
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
20
Bng 2-6 Phn loi giao din quang i vi cc m ng dng VSR, I, S v L (G.691)
Applications
Source nominal
wavelength [nm]
1310
1310
1310
1550
1550
1550
1550
1310
1550
1550
1550
1310
1550
1550
Fibre type
G.652
G.652
G.652
G.652
G.652
G.653
G.655
G.652
G.652
G.653
G.655
G.652
G.652
G.653
ffs
0.6
25
25
25
20
40
40
40
40
80
80
VSR-64.1
I-64.1r
I-64.1
I-64.2r
I-64.2
I-64.3
I-64.5
S-64.1
S-64.2
S-64.3
S-64.5
L-64.1
L-64.2
L-64.3
40
40
80
80
L-256.2
L-256.3
Targ dist. [km]

STM-64
Targ dist. [km]
STM-256
ffs
ffs
ffs
ffs
ffs
I-256.2
ffs
ffs
ffs
S-256.2 S-256.3
ffs
ffs
Lu - Khong cch ny l xp x, c s dng phn loi, y khng phi l mt ch tiu k thut
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
21
Bng 2-7 Phn loi giao din quang i vi cc m ng dng V v U

ng dng
Bc sng danh nh ngun pht

[nm]
1310
1550
1550
1550
1550
Loi si
G.652
G.652
G.653
G.652
G.653
Khong cch [km]
60
120
120
160
160
STM-1
STM-4
V-4.1
V-4.2
V-4.3
U-4.2
U-4.3
STM-16
V-16.2
V-16.3
U-16.2
U-16.3
Khong cch [km]
60
120
120
STM-64
V-64.2
V-64.3
STM-256
ffs
ffs
ffs
Lu - Khong cch ny l xp x, c s dng phn loi, y khng phi l mt ch tiu k thut
Cc tham s c qui nh bao gm:

- Ch tiu i vi phn pht ti im MPI-S:
o Loi ngun pht
o c tnh ph ngun pht
o Cng sut pht trung bnh
o H s phn bit
o Mt n hnh mt
- ng truyn gia im MPI-S v MPI-R
o Di suy hao
o Tn sc
o Gi tr ORL ti MPI-S
o Phn x cc i gia MPI-S v MPI-R
- Phn thu im MPI-R
o nhy thu
o Mc qu ti
o thit thi lung quang
o Phn x cc i ca b thu ti im MPI-R
2.1.3 Cc tiu chun lin quan n ng b
2.1.3.1 ITU-T G.812 - Yu cu v c tnh nh thi ca cc ng h t c s dng lm
cc ng h nt trong mng ng b
Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc yu cu ti thiu cho cc thit b c s dng nh ng

h nt trong cc mng ng b. Chc nng ca ng h nt l la chn mt trong cc
ng ng b ngoi a vo trm vin thng nh tn hiu chun ng b, thc
hin gim jitter v wander v sau c phn phi n cc thit b khc trong trm.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
22
Khi hot ng bnh thng ng h nt hot ng nh ng h th, bm theo ng h

chun s cp. Vi mc ch d phng, ng h nt ni chung s c nhiu tham chiu
u vo. Khi tt c cc ng vo gia ng h ch v ng h nt hng, ng h nt
s c kh nng duy tr hot ng trong cc gii hn c tnh qui nh (kiu hot ng
lu gi)
ng h nt c th l mt thit b ring bit (SASE) hoc c th l mt phn ca thit
b khc nh tng i hoc thit b u cho SDH.
Cc ch tiu v cht lng i vi cc ng h nt c a ra trong khuyn ngh ny
cho 3 kiu ng h:
-
ng h kiu I: ch yu dng trong cc mng c ti u cho phn cp 2048

kbit/s
ng h kiu II v III ch yu dng cho phn cp 1544 kbit/s
Ngoi ra, trong ph lc A cn cp n 3 kiu ng h khc l:

-
ng h kiu IV: c trin khai ch yu trong cc mng c h tr cho phn

cp 1544 kbit/s
ng h kiu V: c trin khai ch yu trong cc nt chuyn tip c c phn

cp 1544 v 2048 kbit/s
ng h kiu VI: c trin khai in hnh trong cc nt mng ni ht c

trn phn cp 2048 kbit/s
Cc yu cu k thut c a ra i vi mi loi ng h ny bao gm:

- Dung sai nhiu:
L mc nhiu ti thiu m ng h phi chp nhn c m vn m bo:
-
Duy tr ng h trong cc gii hn c tnh qui nh
Khng gy nn bt c cnh bo no
Khng lm cho ng h chuyn i tham chiu
Khng lm cho ng h chuyn sang ch lu gi
Trong mc ny cn cp n dung sai jitter v wander cho 3 kiu ng h loi I, II

v III.
- Truyn ti nhiu:
Truyn ti nhiu th hin lng nhiu pha xut hin ti u ra khi c nhiu c a
ti u vo. Ch tiu v mt n tri pha c qui nh trong iu kin tn hiu vo c
nhiu
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
23
2.1.3.2 ITU-T G.813 - Yu cu v c tnh nh thi ca cc ng h t trong thit b SDH

(SEC)
Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc yu cu k thut cho ng h s dng trong thit b SDH

(SEC). Trong trng hp bnh thng, ng h ny hot ng bm theo PRC. Tuy
nhin th ng h ny c th s dng nhiu u vo chun, v trong trng hp tt c
cc ngun chun b mt th ng h ny s hot ng ch lu gi.
Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc ch tiu cho 2 loi ng h SEC:
-
Loi 1: l cc ng h s dng trong mng SDH c ti u cho phn cp s

2048 kbit/s
Loi 2: l cc ng h s dng trong mng SDH c ti u cho phn cp s

1544 kbit/s
Cc ch tiu a ra i vi SEC cng tng t nh i vi SSU

2.1.4 Cc tiu chun v jitter/wander
Cc tiu chun lin quan n jitter bao gm: ITU-T G.823, G.825 v ITU-T G.783
2.1.4.1 ITU-T G.823 - Yu cu v jitter v wander trong cc mng s da trn phn cp s
2048 kbit/s
Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc yu cu v jitter v wander xut hin ti cc giao din nt

mng (NNI) ca phn cp s cn ng b (PDH) v cc mng ng b da trn tc
bit phn cp mc 1: 2048 kbit/s
i vi giao din lu lng, khuyn ngh ny a ra cc ch tiu lin quan n:
-
Gii hn mng i vi gi tr jitter v wander u ra ti cc giao din 2, 34, 140

Mbit/s
Dung sai jitter v wander u vo ti cc giao din 2, 34, 140 Mbit/s
i vi giao din ng b, khuyn ngh ny a ra cc ch tiu lin quan n:

-
Gii hn mng i vi gi tr jitter v wander u ra ti cc giao din ng b. C

th l:
-
Gii hn mng i vi gi tr jitter u ra ti cc giao din 2048 kHz v 2048

kbit/s cho cc ng h PRC, SSU, SEC v giao din ng b PDH. Cc gi tr
gii hn ny c cho trong bng 5 ca G.823 vi thi gian o l 60 s
Gii hn mng i vi gi tr wander u ra ti cc giao din ca cc ng h

PRC, SSU, SEC v giao din ng b PDH biu th thng qua 2 tham s MTIE
v TDEV. Cc gi tr ny c cho trong cc bng t 6 n 13 ca ITU-T
G.823
Dung sai jitter v wander ti u vo ca cc giao din ng b. Cc gi tr ny

c tham chiu n dung sai jitter v wander u vo cho cc cng u vo ng
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
24
h kiu I ca ITU-T G.812 cho cc thit b c chc nng SSU, v chn la 1 ca

ITU-T G.813 cho cc thit b c chc nng SEC
2.1.4.2 ITU-T G.825 - Yu cu v jitter v wander trong cc mng s da trn phn cp s
ng b SDH
Khuyn ngh ny a cc tham s v cc gi tr lin quan nhm kim sot tt lng

jitter v wander ti cc giao din mng - mng SDH (NNI), bao gm:
-
Gii hn mng cc i i vi gi tr jitter v wander
Dung sai jitter v wander ti thiu ca thit b i vi cc giao din lu lng

v giao din ng b da trn phn cp s ng b (SDH)
C th nh sau:
-
Gii hn mng cho jitter: cp n jitter cho php ln nht ti cc giao din
STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, STM-64
Gii hn mng cho wander: cc giao din STM-N c coi l cc giao din
ng b. Gii hn mng cho wander ti cc giao din ng b ny c tham
chiu n khuyn khuyn ngh G.823
Dung sai wander ti cc cng vo STM-N: vi cc giao din STM-N c s

dng nh l giao din ng b c tham chiu n khuyn ngh G.812, G.813
(tc l phi p ng cc ch tiu dung sai wander qui nh trong khuyn ngh
G.812, G.813)
2.1.4.3 ITU-T G.783 - c tnh cc khi chc nng ca thit b SDH
Trong khuyn ngh ny c cp cc ch tiu v jitter sinh ra do qu trnh sp xp cc

tn hiu nhnh G.703 (PDH) vo trong cc container ca khung SDH G.707 v cc ch
tiu i vi jitter kt hp. Jitter kt hp y c hiu l bao gm jitter sp xp v
jitter do qu trnh dch chuyn con tr gy nn.
Khuyn ngh ny cng a ra qui nh i vi chui th con tr c s dng o
jitter kt hp
2.1.5 Cc tiu chun lin quan n nh gi cht lng li
2.1.5.1 Mt s khi nim c bn
Trc khi i vo tng khuyn ngh c th, trong phn ny s tm tt mt s vn c

bn lin quan n vic nh gi cht lng li. Cc khi nim ny s c p dng
cho tt c cc khuyn ngh v cht lng li di y.
a. Phn b ch tiu cht lng li
Trong cc khuyn ngh di y, cc ch tiu v gii hn cht lng c qui nh cho

mt lung gi nh chun 27.500 km. i vi cc lung trong thc t, ITU cng
a ra cc qui tc cho vic m rng p dng cc ch tiu v gii hn ca lung gi
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
25
nh chun ny bng cch xem xt n loi tuyn v chiu di tuyn, gi l phn b

ch tiu v gii hn cht lng.
Vic phn b ch tiu cht lng c thc hin theo m hnh sau:
Cc quc gia trung gian
Quc gia
kt cui
Tuyn truyn dn
gia cc quc gia
PEP
IG
IG
Phn quc
gia
IG
IG
IG
Phn quc t
Lung gi nh chun
27 500 km
Quc gia
kt cui
PEP
Phn quc
gia
T1316640-99
Hnh 21 Lung gi nh chun (ITU-T G.826)
Trong , cng quc t (IG) thng thng l mt b ni cho s, mt b ghp knh

bc cao hoc mt chuyn mch. IG c dng xc nh ranh gii gia phn mng
trong nc v quc t.
Ch tiu cht lng c phn b nh sau:
+ Phn quc gia: 17,5% +0.002% x khong cch (tnh theo km)
-
Khong cch c tnh bng khong cch ng chim bay x 1,5 nu khong
cch nh hn 1000 km;
c ly gi tr l 1500 km nu nh khong cch tnh theo ng chim bay

1000 v < 1200 km
c x 1,25 nu khong cch tnh theo ng chim bay 1200 km.
Trong trng hp xc nh c khong cch thc ca tuyn, th cn so snh

gi tr tnh ton c ni trn vi khong cch thc ny v gi li gi tr nh
hn. Gi tr nh hn ny cn c lm trn ti gi tr gn nht vi gi tr bi s
ca 500 km.
Khi phn quc gia c c satellite th ton b phn ch tiu cht lng c phn
b cho phn quc gia l 42%
+ Phn quc t
-
Phn quc t c phn b 2% cho mi quc gia trung gian, cng thm 1% cho
mi quc gia kt cui. Thm na phn phn b tnh theo khong cch cng
c tnh thm vo phn ny. Vic tnh ton theo khong cch ny tng t
nh tnh trong phn quc gia
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
26
Trong trng hp c dng v tinh, th phn phn b tnh theo khong cch s
c ly gi tr l 35%
b. Thi gian kh dng
Tham s cht lng phi c o v nh gi trong khong thi gian kh dng ca h

thng (available).
- i vi lung v kt ni 1 hng, chu k khng kh dng c bt u vi 10
s kin SES lin tip. 10 giy ny c coi nh mt phn ca thi gian khng kh
dng. Chu k kh dng c bt u bng 10 s kin non-SES lin tip. 10 giy
ny c coi nh mt phn ca thi gian kh dng. nh ngha ny c minh ho
trong hnh 2-3 di y:
- i vi lung v kt ni 2 hng, trng thi c coi l khng kh dng nu
nh bt k 1 trong 2 hng l trng thi khng kh dng. nh ngha ny c
minh ho nh trong hnh 2-4 di y.
Thi gian
10 s
<10 s
10 s
Chu k khng kh dng
Chu k kh dng
Giy c li nghim trng

T1313780-98
Giy c li (non-SES)
Giy khng c li
Hnh 2-3 Xc nh thi gian kh dng

Chiu i
Chiu v
T1306440-95
Lung
Trng thi khng kh dng
Hnh 2-4 Trng thi khng kh dng ca lung v kt ni

2.1.5.2 ITU-G.826 Tham s v ch tiu cht lng li cho cc lung v kt ni s quc t
tc bit khng i
Phin bn u tin ca G.826 ra i vo thng 7/1983. Phin bn ny c tn l Tham

s v ch tiu cht lng cho lung s quc t c tc bit khng i ln hn hoc
bng tc c s (1544 hoc 2048 kbit/s)
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
27
n thng 12/2002 mt phin bn mi ca G.826 ra i vi tn l Tham s v ch

tiu cht lng cho cc lung v kt ni s quc t tc bit khng i. Vi phin
bn mi ny, G.826 m rng phm vi p dng ca mnh cho c cc lung/kt ni c
tc nh hn tc c s (v vy khuyn ngh G.821 ch c p dng cho cc kt
ni gia cc thit b c sn xut trc 2002)
Cc ch tiu c a ra trong khuyn ngh ny khng ph thuc vo mng vt l
cung cp lung v kt ni. Cc ch tiu ny phi c m bo cho c 2 hng truyn
dn ca lung / kt ni.
Vi cc lung s lm vic ti tc bit ln hn hoc bng tc bit c s, cc ch tiu
a ra trong khuyn ngh ny c da trn khi nim o li khi s dng cc m pht
hin li c sn trong lung cn kim tra. Nh c th thc hin o trong qu trnh
khai thc dch v. Cn i vi cc kt ni s c tc nh hn tc c s ca phn
cp s, cc ch tiu a ra da trn khi nim o li bit v v vy khng h tr vic o
trong qu trnh khai thc dch v.
Cc tham s cht lng c a ra bao gm: ESR, SESR, BBER. Thi gian o cc
tham s ny c khuyn ngh l 1 thng. Trn bng di y l cc ch tiu cht
lng c qui nh cho lung s quc t gi nh chun 27500 km.
Bng 2-8 Ch tiu cht lng cho cc lung/kt ni s quc t gi nh chun 27 500 km
Kt ni
Lung
64 kbit/s n
tc bit c
s
1.5 to 5
> 5 to 15
800-5000
2000-8000
ESR
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.075
0.16
(Note 3)
SESR
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
BBER
2 104
2 104
2 104
2 104
104
Tc
(Mbit/s)
Bits/block
> 15 to 55
> 55 to 160
> 160 to 3500
4000-20 000 6000-20 000 15 000-30 000

(Note 2)
2.1.5.3 ITU-T G.828 Tham s v ch tiu cht lng cho cc lung SDH quc t tc bit
khng i
Khuyn ngh ny ra i thng 3/2000 nhm gii quyt cc hn ch ca G.826 khi p

dng cho vic nh gi cht lng li ca cc lung SDH. Khc bit ca G.828 so vi
G.826 c th hin cc im sau:
-
Cc ch tiu a ra trong khuyn ngh ny c xc nh c th cho tng lung

SDH (trong G.826, cc ch tiu c qui nh cho 1 di tc ).
Bn cnh cc tham s cht lng nh ca G.826 (ESR, SESR, BBER), G.828 cn

a thm tham s SEPI (vi s kin li SEP c nh ngha l chu k m trong
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
28
c ti thiu 3 (nhng t hn 9) SES xut hin lin tip). Tuy nhin cc gi tr ca

tham s ny vn c ITU tip tc nghin cu.
2.1.5.4 ITU-T G.829 Cc s kin cht lng li cho on lp v on ghp knh
Khuyn ngh G.829 ra i vo thng 12/2002. Khuyn ngh ny nh ngha cc s kin

v cu trc khi lin quan n c tnh li ca on lp v on ghp knh SDH. i
vi cc s kin nh ngha trong khuyn ngh ny ch p dng cho cc h thng v
tuyn v h thng v tinh.
-
Cc s kin cht lng li c nh ngha cho on ghp knh bao gm EB,

ES, SES. Vi cc s kin EB, ES, nh ngha cc s kin ny ging nh trong
khuyn ngh G.826. Ring i vi SES th mc ngng c qui nh l X%,
vi gi tr ca X l tu thuc vo tc ca h thng nh sau (trong G.826 v
G.828 gi tr ny l 30% EB):
Bng 2-9 Gi tr ngng SES i vi on ghp knh v on lp SDH
Tc bit
STM-0
STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
STM-64
Gi tr X i vi on
ghp knh
15%EBs
15%EBs
25%EB
s
30%EBs 30%EBs
Gi tr X i vi on
trm lp
10%EBs
30%EBs
30%EB
s
30%EBs
2.1.5.5 ITU-T M.2110 Ho mng h thng truyn dn, on v lung
Khuyn ngh ny a ra qui trnh ho mng cc thc th truyn dn trong mi trng

c nhiu nh khai thc. Cc thc th truyn dn y bao gm lung, on v h
thng truyn dn. Qui trnh ho mng y c phn bit cho 2 trng hp: i vi
h thng c/khng c kh nng gim st trong qu trnh khai thc dch v (ISM).
Theo khuyn ngh ny ho mng cc thc th truyn dn cn phi thc hin mt s
cc php o. Cc php o ny ghi li s cc s kin cht lng xy ra trong nhng
khong thi gian nht nh v so snh kt qu ny vi cc gi tr gii hn. Cc gi tr
gii hn ny l khc nhau i vi cc s kin cht lng v vi cc php o khc
nhau. Cc php o khc nhau y l php o kim tra tnh lin tc ca tuyn (thi
gian o ti a l 15 pht), o 15 pht, o 2 h v o 24 h phi c p dng cho tng
hng truyn dn. Bt c khi no c th, nn s dng cu hnh o cho cho tng hng
truyn dn ring bit (tc l khng thc hin u vng ti u xa trong qu trnh o).
ITU-T M.2101 - Gii hn cht lng cho ho mng v bo dng lung v on ghp knh
SDH
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
29
Trong rt nhiu trng hp, vic o trong thi gian 1 thng l khng th thc hin
c. V vy khuyn ngh M.2101 a ra cc gii hn v cht lng cho cc
khong thi gian o ngn hn. l cc trng hp sau:
a. o ho mng (BIS)
- C 2 ngng (S1, S2) c nh ngha cho mi tham s cht lng. Nh ch ra trn

hnh, nu cc tham s cht lng vt qu S2, khng th thc hin ho mng. Nu
di ngng S1, vic ho mng s c chp nhn. Nu nm gia S1 v S2 th c th
a vo ho mng mt cch tm thi v vn cn phi thc hin kim tra thm.
Cc ngng S1 v S2 (i vi cc tham s cht lng) c tnh ton da trn cc ch
tiu BIS. Ch tiu BIS bng RPO (ch tiu cht lng chun), v RPO bng PO.
Gi tr ca S1 v S2 cho cc lung c tc bit khc nhau vi cc khong thi gian o
khc nhau (2 h, 24 h, v 7 ngy) uc qui nh trong ph lc C ca khuyn ngh
M2101.
S cc s kin
Ch tiu cht
lng dng nh
khng c tho mn
Khng th a
ho mng
S2
D
Khng chc
chn
BISPO
C th a ho mng tm thi
nhng vn cn thc hin
cc php kim tra thm
D
S1
Ch tiu cht
lng dng nh
c tho mn
Vic ho mng c
chp nhn
D = 2BISPO
T0403830-93
Hnh 2-5 Cc iu kin v gii hn khi ho mng (M.2101)

b. Bo dng mng (network maintenance)
Khi bo dng mng, cc gii hn c qui nh cho vic o kim trong thi gian
ngn (15 pht v 24 h). Cc gii hn ny lin quan n ch tiu cht lng chun
(RPO). C 3 mc cht lng nh sau c nh ngha:
Bng 2-10 Cc mc cht lng c qui nh i vi o bo dng
Stt
H thng truyn dn
Lung
Mc cht lng khng chp nhn >10*RPO

c (UPL)
>10*RPO
Mc cht lng suy gim (DPL)
>0.75*RPO
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
>0.5*RPO
30
Mc cht lng chp nhn c >0.5*RPO

(APL)
-
DPL phi c o trong khong thi gian 24 h
UPL phi o trong khong thi gian 15 pht
>0.75*RPO
c. o khi phc h thng (system restoration)
i vi h thng truyn dn PDH hoc on ghp knh ca cc h thng SDH

c (trc thng 3/2000), gii hn cht lng sau khi h thng c khi phc l
0.125*RPO*Phn b*khong thi gian o
i vi cc lung PDH v SDH, gii hn cht lng sau khi h thng c

khi phc l 0.5*RPO*Phn b*Thi gian o
Bng 2-11 di y tm tt phm vi p dng ca cc khuyn ngh lin quan n nh

gi cht lng li
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
31
Bng 2-11 Phm vi p dng ca cc khuyn ngh lin quan n nh gi cht lng li
Stt
Khuyn
ngh
ng dng
i tng
Tc bit
min
Tc bit
max
Thi gian
nh gi
C ch pht
hin li
Cc tham s
cht lng
G.821
nh gi cht
lng li
trong thi
gian di
(OOS)
Kt ni
64 kbit/s
31(24) x 64
kbit/s
30 ngy
Li bit
ESR, SESR
N x 64
kbit/s
G.826
nh gi cht
lng li
trong thi
gian di
(OOS/ISM)
Lung
PDH/SDH/c
ell-based,
kt ni n.64
kbit/s
64 kbit/s
3500 Mbit/s
(VC-4-4c)
30 ngy
Li khi
i vi
lung, li
bit i vi
kt ni
ESR, SESR,
BBER
G.828
nh gi cht
lng li
trong thi
gian di
(OOS/ISM)
Lung SDH
VC-11
VC-4-64c
30 ngy
Li khi
ESR, SESR,
BBER, SEPI
G.829
nh ngha
cc s kin li
on SDH
Sub-STM-0
STM-64
M.2101
Gii hn BIS
ISM/OOS
(SDH)
Lung,
on SDH
VC-11,
STM-0
VC-4-64c
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
STM-64
Li khi
15 pht,
2h, 24h, 7
ngy
Li khi
ESR, SESR,
BBER, SEPI
32
Ghi ch:
1. Cc ch tiu a ra trong cc khuyn ngh ny yu cu phi c m bo i
vi c 2 hng truyn dn
2.1.6 Tiu chun v knh thu ring
EU a ra cc qui nh, mang tnh cht qui phm bt buc p dng cho cc
nc thnh vin v knh thu ring s dng trong vin thng: t knh analog,
64kbit/s, 2048kbit/s v SDH. V knh thu ring SDH, EU p dng theo 2 tiu
chun:
- ETSI EN 301 164: "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH); SDH leased lines; Connection characteristics".
Tiu chun ny a ra cc yu cu k thut v cc php o c th v cht lng
knh thu ring cu trc vc-12, vc-2, vc-3, vc-4
- EN 301 165: "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH): SDH leased lines; Network and terminal interface presentation".
Tiu chun ny a ra danh sch cc yu cu mang tnh cht tham chiu n cc tiu
chun khc nh v giao din in/ quang ( G.703, G.957), cu trc ghp knh (G.707)
2.1.7 Cc tiu chun khc

- ITU-T G.781 Cu trc cc khuyn ngh v thit b i vi phn cp s ng b
(SDH)
-
ITU-T G.782 Kiu v c tnh chung ca cc thit b SDH
ITU-T G.783 c tnh ca cc khi chc nng trong thit b SDH
ITU-T G.784 Qun l SDH
- ITU-T G.832 Truyn ti ca cc phn t SDH trong mng PDH - cu trc

khung v cu trc ghp knh
-
ITU-T G.841 Kiu v c tnh ca cc kin trc bo v mng SDH
- ITU-T O.171 Thit b o jitter v wander cho cc h thng s da trn phn cp

s ng b
-
ITU-T O.181 Thit b nh gi cht lng li trn giao din STM-N
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
33
2.2 Cc qui / tiu chun ngnh

Bng 2-12 Tiu chun/ Qui chun k thut lin quan n SDH v phc v kt ni mng
TT
Tn Quy chun k thut

V h thng, cng ngh SDH
H thng thng tin quang v vi ba SDH Yu cu k thut
V giao din
Giao din quang cho cc thit b v h thng
truyn dn SDH - Yu cu k thut
Giao din kt ni mng - Yu cu k thut
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cc giao din in phn cp s - Yu cu k

thut
V ng b v cht lng
ng h ch trong mng ng b - Yu cu
k thut
Li bt v rung pha ca cc ng truyn
dn s - Yu cu k thut v Quy trnh o
kim
V Knh thu ring
Giao din knh thu ring cu trc s v
khng cu trc s tc 2048 kbit/s - Yu
cu k thut
Knh thu ring cu trc s tc 2048
kbit/s - Tiu chun cht lng
Thit b u cui kt ni vo mng vin

thng cng cng s dng knh thu ring tc
n x 64 kbit/s Yu cu k thut
Thit b u cui kt ni vo mng vin
10 thng cng cng s dng knh thu ring tc
2048 kbit/s Yu cu k thut
9
M s
Tnh trng
TCN 68177:1998
ang c hiu
lc v c
xem xt, r
sot chuyn
i sang Tiu
chun VN
TCN 68173:1998
TCN 68172:1998
TCN 68175:1998
ang c hiu
lc v c
xem xt, r
sot chuyn
i sang Qui
chun VN
TCN 68171:1998
TCN 68164:1997
ang c hiu
lc v c
xem xt, r
sot chuyn
i sang Qui
chun VN
TCN 68225:2004
ang c hiu
lc v c
xem xt, r
sot chuyn
i sang Qui
chun VN
ang c hiu
lc v c
xem xt, r
sot chuyn
i sang Tiu
chun VN
TCN 68226:2004
TCN 68216:2002
TCN 68217:2002
2.2.1 Tiu chun TCN 68-177: Yu cu k thut cho h thng thng tin
quang v viba SDH tc 155 Mbit/s, 622 Mbit/s v 2.5 Gbit/s
i vi phn h thng thng tin quang SDH tiu chun ny cp n cc ni dung
sau:
- Qui nh v cu trc ghp knh (da trn khuyn ngh ITU-T G.707)
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
34
- Ch tiu giao din vt l

-
Ch tiu giao din in (STM-1e) (da trn khuyn ngh ITU-T G.703)
Ch tiu giao din quang cho cc h thng n knh tc STM-1, STM-4,

STM-16 vi cc ng dng I, S, L, V, U trn cc si G.652, G.653, G.655 (da
trn cc khuyn ngh ca ITU-T G.957, G.691)
Ch tiu giao din quang cho cc h thng a knh quang (da trn khuyn ngh
ITU-T G.692)
- Ch tiu v cht lng truyn dn:

-
Ch tiu v jitter v wander (da trn khuyn ngh ITU-T G.825)
Ch tiu v c tnh li h thng (da trn khuyn ngh ITU-T G.826)
- Yu cu v ng b (da trn cc khuyn ngh ITU-T G.811, G.812, G.813)

- Yu cu v qun l (da trn khuyn ngh ITU-T G.784)
Bn d tho tiu chun ny c r sot chnh sa b sung trn c s kt qu ti:
R SOT, CHUYN CC TIU CHUN NGNH SANG QUI CHUN K
THUT V TIU CHUN VIT NAM, M s: 95 06 KHKT TC
2.2.2 Tiu chun TCN 68-173: Tiu chun giao din quang cho cc thit
b v h thng truyn dn SDH
Tiu chun ny c xy dng da trn cc tiu chun ca ITU-T G.957 v ITU-T
G.691. Tiu chun a ra cc yu cu, ch tiu k thut cn thit i vi giao din
quang cho cc thit b v h thng thng tin quang SDH s dng trn mng vin thng
Vit nam.
Tiu chun ny ch p dng cho cc h thng n knh quang v trong mi hng
truyn dn s dng mt si quang. i vi cc h thng c khuch i quang, tiu
chun ny ch p dng cho cc h thng s dng khuch di cng sut v/hoc thit b
tin khuch i.
Cc ch tiu a ra trong tiu chun ny bao gm:
-
Tiu chun giao din quang i vi cc h thng khng s dng khuch i quang
(STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, STM-64) vi cc ng dng I, S, L trn cc si G.652,
G.653, G.654
Tiu chun giao din quang i vi cc h thng c s dng khuch i quang

(STM-4, STM-16, STM-64) vi cc ng dng V, U trn cc si G.652, G.653,
G.654
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
35
Bn d tho tiu chun ny c r sot chnh sa b sung trn c s kt qu ti:

R SOT, CHUYN CC TIU CHUN NGNH SANG QUI CHUN K
THUT V TIU CHUN VIT NAM ,M s: 95 06 KHKT TC
2.2.3 Tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-172:1998 v TCN 68-175:1998 tiu chun
v giao din in kt ni mng
TCN 68-172:1998, Giao din kt ni mng do Tng cuc Bu in ban hanh ngay 29
thang 9 nm 1998.
TCN 68-172:1998 quy nh cc yu cu k thut i vi cc giao din tn hiu s tc
2048 kbit/s v giao din tn hiu ng b 2048 kHz .
Khuyn ngh nay quy nh cac yu cu v giao din in/vt ly cua phn cp s.
Khuyn ngh ITU-T G.703 c b sung sa i nm 2001.
TCN 68-175:1998, Cac giao din in phn cp s do Tng cuc Bu in ban hanh
ngay 19 thang 12 nm 1998
Tiu chun TCN 68-175:1998 trinh bay cac yu cu v c tnh in cua cac ng
truyn s tc 64 kbit/s, 2048 kbit/s, 34368 kbit/s, 139264 kbit/s, 155520 kbit/s v
2048 kHz ap dung vi mng vin thng Vit Nam.
Ti liu p dng : ITU-T G.703, Physical/Electrical Characteristics of Hierarchical
Digital Interfaces
Nhm nghin cu ti [3] nghin cu v xut a ra tiu chun/ qui chun mi
trn c s: TCN 68-172:1997 kt hp vi TCN 68-175:1998 va chuyn i sang dng
Quy chun K thut Quc gia: Giao din kt ni mng Yu cu k thut v in, vt
l. B xung thm phn cu trc khung ca cc giao din.
2.2.4 TCN 68-171:1998, ng h ch trong mng ng b Yu cu ky
thut
Tiu chun ng h ch trong mng ng b - Yu cu k thut, quy nh nhng yu
cu ti thiu cho ng h ch cp tn hiu ng b cho mng s. TC ny do Tng
cuc Bu in ban hanh ngay 29 thang 9 nm 1998.
Cc ti liu gc:
- ITU-T G.811, Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks
Khuyn ngh ny a ra nhng yu cu ti thiu cho cc thit b nh thi c
s dng nh cc ng h ch trong cc mng ng b. Cc mng ny bao gm cc
Mng in thoi cng cng (PSTN) v cc mng Phn cp s ng b (SDH).
Khuyn ngh ITU-T G.811 c xem xt bi nhm nghin cu 13 ca ITU-T
(1997-2000) v c ph chun vo ngy 19 thng 9 nm 1997.
- ETSI EN 300 462-6-1 V1.1.1 (1998-05) Transmission and Multiplexing (TM);
Generic requirements for synchronization networks; Part 6-1: Timing characteristics of
primary reference clocks.
Tiu chun ny a ra nhng yu cu cho ng h tham chiu s cp (PRC) ph hp
cho cung cp ng b ti cc mng s.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
36
2.2.5 TCN 68-164:1997 Li bt v rung pha ca cc ng truyn dn s

- Yu cu k thut v Quy trnh o kim,
TCN 68-164:1997, Li bt v rung pha ca cc ng truyn dn s Yu cu k
thut va quy trinh o kim, c Tng cuc Bu in ban hanh ngay 30 thang 12 nm
1997.
Tiu chun nay ap dung cho cac ng truyn dn s PDH (2, 8, 34, 140 Mbit/s), SDH
(155, 622, 2500 Mbit/s) v cc u ni chuyn mch s 64 kbit/s i vi di quy
chun.
Cc ti liu c p dng:
- ITU-T G.821 (12/2002), Error performance of an international digital connection
operating at a bit rate below the primary rate and forming part of an Integrated
Services Digital Network
Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc ch tiu li ca cc kt ni s chuyn mch knh N x 64
kbit/s c s dng cho lu lng thoi hoc nh Knh mang cho cc dch v kiu
d liu.
Khuyn ngh ITU-T G.821 c xem xt bi nhm nghin cu 13 ca ITU-T (20012004) v c ph chun vo ngy 14 thng 12 nm 2002.
- ITU-T G.823 (03/2000), The control of jitter and wander within digital networks
which are based on 2048 kbit/s
Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc gii hn mng ln nht v rung pha v tri pha khng
c vt qu v dung sai ti thiu ca thit b i vi rung pha v tri pha c cung
cp ti cc giao din truyn ti hoc giao din ng b c da trn phn cp 2048
kbit/s.
- ITU-T G.826 (12/2002), End-to-end error performance parameters and objectives for
international, constant bit-rate digital paths and connections
Khuyn ngh ny a ra cc ch tiu li u cui u cui cho:
Cc ng s hot ng vi tc bt ti hoc trn tc c s; Cc kt ni s
chuyn mch knh N x 64 kbit/s.
2.2.6 Qui chun/ Tiu chun v knh thu ring
2.2.6.1 TCN 68-225:2004: Giao din knh thu ring cu trc s v khng cu trc s tc
2048 kbit/s - Yu cu k thut:
Tiu chun Ngnh TCN 68-225: 2004 Giao din knh thu ring cu trc s v khng
cu trc s tc 2048 kbit/s Yu cu k thut c xy dng da trn c s chp
thun p dng nguyn vn tiu chun ETSI EN 300 418 V1.2.1 (02-2001) ca Vin
Tiu chun Vin thng chu u. Nay tiu chun ny c B Thng tin v truyn
thng qui nh l loi Qui chun v giao din
ETSI EN 300 418: Access and Terminal (AT); 2048 kbit/s digital unstructured and
structured leased lines (D2048U and D2048S); Network Interface Presentation.
Phm vi v i tng p dng
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
37
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut v cc nguyn tc kim tra i vi giao

din mng ca cc knh thu ring tc 2048 kbit/s tr khng 120 , bao gm:
Knh thu ring khng cu trc s 2048 kbit/s;
Knh thu ring cu trc s 2048 kbit/s c tc truyn tin l 1984 kbit/s.
Tiu chun ny bao gm cc c tnh vt l, c kh v in (tr cc kha cnh v an
ton in, qu p v tng thch in t) ca giao din mng, ng thi a ra cc
php kim tra thch hp i vi thit b cung cp giao din.
Tiu chun ny lm s c cho vic qun l kt ni knh thu ring tc 2048 kbit/s.
2.2.6.2 TCN 68-226:2004: Knh thu ring cu trc s tc 2048 kbit/s - Tiu chun cht
lng
Tiu chun Ngnh TCN 68-226: 2004 Knh thu ring cu trc s tc 2048 kbit/s
Tiu chun cht lng c xy dng da trn c s chp thun p dng nguyn
vn tiu chun ETSI EN 300 419 V1.2.1 (02-2001) ca Vin Tiu chun Vin thng
chu u. Nay tiu chun ny c B Thng tin v truyn thng qui nh l loi Qui
chun v cht lng knh thu ring.
- ETSI EN 300 419: "Access and Terminals (AT); 2 048 kbit/s digital structured leased
lines (D2048S); Connection characteristics
Phm vi v i tng p dng
Tiu chun ny bao gm cc ch tiu cht lng cho knh thu ring cu trc s tc
2048 kbit/s.
Tiu chun ny l c s C quan qun l Nh nc thc hin vic qun l cht
lng knh thu ring cu trc s tc 2048 kbit/s do cc doanh nghip cung cp
knh thu ring cung cp theo cc quy nh v qun l cht lng bu chnh, vin
thng.
Tiu chun ny l c s cho doanh nghip nh gi cht lng knh thu ring cu
trc s tc 2048 kbit/s .
Tiu chun ny l s c cho cc yu cu v cht lng trong vic kt ni knh thu
ring cu trc s tc 2048 kbit/s trc khi a vo khai thc v s dng.
2.3 KT LUN:
Sau khi r sot, nghin cu cc tiu chun ca ITU-T, ETSI, v ca Ngnh BC-VT c
lin quan n cng ngh SDH v knh thu ring, ti i n mt s kt lun nh
sau:
- Nh vy c th thy cc tiu chun ngnh v mng quang hu ht da trn cc
tiu chun ITU-T v ETSI. Hin nay, cc khuyn ngh ITU-T v ETSI m cc tiu
chun ny p dng v bin son c cp nht v b xung mi. V B BC_VT
v ang tip tc cho r sot v cp nht b sung mi cc tiu chun ngnh tng
ng.
- Hin nay Cc tiu chun Ngnh lin quan n SDH bao gm: tiu chun v
giao din quang/ in, tiu chun v cht lng ng b, tiu chun v h thng, c
th:
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
38
i vi cc tham s quang ca thit b: tu theo m ng dng thit b m

cn thc hin o v nh gi theo cc khuyn ngh ca ITU-T G.957 hoc
G.691 (tng ng vi tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-173 hoc TCN 68-177)
i vi cc tham s in ca thit b, h thng: cn c o v nh gi
theo khuyn ngh ITU-T G.703 (tng ng vi tiu chun ngnh TCN
68-175)
i vi cc tham s jitter v wander ca thit b, h thng cn c o v
nh gi theo cc khuyn ngh ITU-T G.823, G.825 (tng ng vi tiu
chun ngnh TCN 68-177), v G.783
i vi cc tham s lin quan n ng h ca thit b cn c o v nh
gi theo khuyn ngh ITU-T G.812, G.813 tu theo ng h ca thit b ch
l SEC hay l SSU (tng ng vi tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-177)
i vi vic o nh gi cht lng li, nn thc hin theo khuyn ngh

ITU-T M.2101 kt hp vi ITU-T G.826 hoc G.828 (trong G.828 nn
c p dng i vi cc thit b SDH sn xut sau thng 3/2000)
V cc chc nng khc nh chc nng gim st cht lng th cn c

nh gi theo khuyn ngh ITU-T G.783, hot ng chuyn mch bo v th
cn nh gi theo G.841.
ITU-T O.150 v O.181 l cc khuyn ngh cn quan tm khi la chn cu
trc tn hiu o thch hp
Hin nay ngnh cha c tiu chun c th cho knh thu ring SDH mi ch c
cc tiu chun knh thu ring tc n 2Mbit/s. trong 2 tiu chun ny TCN
68-225:2004, v TCN 68-226:2004 trn c s chp thun nguyn vn tiu chun
tng ng ca ETSI.
-
- V vy nhm ti khuyn ngh xy dng Qui/Tiu chun knh thu ring SDH
trn c s p dng nguyn vn tiu chun ETSI tng ng l EN 301 164
"Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH);
SDH leased lines; Connection characteristics".
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
39
3. NGHIN CU XY DNG TIU CHUN V

PHNG PHP O KIM KNH THU RING SDH
3.1 Khi nim chung:
Theo lut Tiu chun v quy chun k thut c Quc hi nc Cng ha
x hi ch ngha Vit Nam kha XI, k hp th 9 thng qua ngy 29 thng 6 nm
2006:
Tiu chun l quy nh v c tnh k thut v yu cu qun l dng lm
chun phn loi, nh gi sn phm, hng ho, dch v, qu trnh, mi trng v
cc i tng khc trong hot ng kinh t - x hi nhm nng cao cht lng v
hiu qu ca cc i tng ny.
Tiu chun do mt t chc cng b di dng vn bn t nguyn p dng.
Quy chun k thut l quy nh v mc gii hn ca c tnh k thut v yu
cu qun l m sn phm, hng ho, dch v, qu trnh, mi trng v cc i tng
khc trong hot ng kinh t - x hi phi tun th bo m an ton, v sinh, sc
kho con ngi; bo v ng vt, thc vt, mi trng; bo v li ch v an ninh
quc gia, quyn li ca ngi tiu dng v cc yu cu thit yu khc.
Quy chun k thut do c quan nh nc c thm quyn ban hnh di dng
vn bn bt buc p dng.
3.2 Yu cu c th i vi quy chun k thut v kt ni mng

- Giao din thit b u cui thu bao - mng (v d: giao din 2 dy u vo
mng PSTN)
- Giao din kt ni mng: mt s giao din c bn, thng s dng kt ni
mng vin thng gia cc doanh nghip, bao gm:
+ Giao din in v vt l (bao gm nhng c tnh k thut v in v vt
l (nh G.703); c tnh chc nng ca giao din (nh G.704, G.706), cc
vn an ton v bo v qua giao din (nh in p nguy him, nguy c
bc x).
+ Giao din quang (cc ch tiu k thut v quang, cc vn an ton v
bo v qua giao din).
- Cht lng kt ni (cc ch tiu nh: suy hao tng th, thi gian truyn dn,
ting vng v n nh, mo lng t, chun m ho, mo suy hao, mo tr
nhm, suy hao trc m, xuyn m, li, Jitter v wander...).
3.2.1 Giao din kt ni mng
Giao din kt ni mng l tp hp nhng thng s k thut v th tc, ti im kt cui
mng c s dng cho kt ni cc mng Vin thng vi nhau, cn thit cho vic cng
hot ng v cng nhau cung cp dch v n khch hng ca cc mng li.
3.2.2 Quy chun k thut kt ni mng Vin thng

Quy chun k thut kt ni mng Vin thng l cc ti liu k thut a ra cc yu cu k
thut i vi giao din kt ni mng, cht lng kt ni mng, yu cu v ng b v bo
hiu.
40
3.2.3 Phm vi quy chun k thut v giao din kt ni mng

Khi nim
Quy chun k thut v giao din kt ni mng l cc ti liu k thut a ra cc yu cu k
thut i vi giao din kt ni mng nhm m bo kh nng cng hot ng v kh nng
cng cp mt dch v n khch hng ca cc mng li c kt ni. Giao din kt ni
mng bao gm:
+ Giao din in v vt l (electrical and physical interface);
+ Giao din quang (optical interface).
Phm vi cc quy chun k thut v giao din in v vt l
Quy chun k thut v giao din in vt l bao gm nhng c tnh k thut v in v
vt l (nh G.703); c tnh chc nng ca giao din (nh G.704, G.706).
Phm vi cc quy chun k thut v giao din quang
Quy chun k thut v giao din quang bao gm nhng c tnh k thut v quang, cc vn
an ton v bo v qua giao din.
3.2.4 Phm vi cc quy chun k thut v cht lng kt ni ( knh thu

ring)
Quy chun k thut v cht lng kt ni bao gm nhng yu cu truyn dn v mc tiu
cn t c ca kt ni gia h thng cc nh khai thc, cc thng s nh: chun m ho,
li, Jitter v wander.
3.2.5 Phm vi cc quy chun k thut v ng b mng

Quy chun k thut v cht lng ng b mng bao gm nhng yu cu thch hp i vi
tn hiu ng b trong nhng ch v phng thc ng b khc nhau nhm gim thiu
hiu ng ng b nhiu ln (cascading timing). u tin chp thun cc yu cu k thut
thch hp trong cc Khuyn ngh ca Lin minh Vin thng th gii nh G.811, G.812 v
G.822.
3.3 Xy dng tiu chun knh thu ring SDH

3.3.1 c im, tnh hnh i tng tiu chun ha
Hin nay mng vin thng Vit Nam a co nhiu nha cung cp dch vu, vic kt ni mng
khng chi la vn cua mt nha khai thac, ma no con lin quan n vic cung cp, chia se
tai nguyn mng, nhm khai thac va vn hanh c s h tng thng tin chung mt cach ti
u.
Cc tiu chun/ qui chun v sdh hin nay ch yu v h thng, giao din, hay cc tiu
chun chung mang tnh phng php v cht lng li, m cha c tiu chun v dch v,
cht lng kt ni, cht lng knh thu ring cp SDH. Trong khi , cp d 642Mbit/s c cc tiu chun v dch v cng nh giao din knh thu ring.
Do vic nghin cu xy dng tiu chun knh thu ring SDH c t ra v ph hp
vi tnh hnh hin ti l rt cn thit.
3.3.2 L do v mc ch
L do:
Vic nghin cu, xy dng tiu /Quy chun ny da trn vic r sot cc tiu chun SDH
trong nc, ng thi r sot da trn cc khuyn ngh quc t, xy dng tiu chun ph
hp vi mng vin thng Vit Nam.
Mc ch:
Xy dng c bn d tho Quy chun cht lng kt ni knh thu ring phc v cho
vic nh gi cht lng, qun l mng vin thng Vit Nam.
41
3.3.3 S c v phng php xy dng quy chun

Khi xy dng Quy chun cht lng knh thu ring SDH, nhm ch tr da trn c s
tiu chun ETSI v knh thu ring.
- ETSI EN 301 164: "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Synchronous

Digital Hierarchy (SDH); SDH leased lines; Connection characteristics".
vi mt s l do c bn sau:
1. Trong chng 1 cho thy mng vin thng Vit nam theo phn cp s 2048Mbit/s
v cc thit b SDH v tiu chun lin quan c trin khai tun theo chun ITU
option ca ETSI
2. Chng 2 cng cho thy cc tiu chun Ngnh v Vit nam hin nay u da theo
chun ITU option ETSI
3. Phn tch tiu chun ETSI EN 301 164 cho thy cc tham s v yu cu k thut
ca cc knh VC-n c tnh c th da trn cc khuyn ngh ITU v tiu chun
ngnh ngoi tr phn cu trc ghp knh c xc nh theo ETSI theo phn cp
2Mbit/s gm c : VC-12,VC-2,VC-3, VC-4 ( khng c VC-11 l theo phn cp
1,5Mbit/s)
4. Xt v l thuyt cu trc SDH, tn hiu STM-n l thuc lp on, c pht v kt
cui ti 2 thit b lin k nhau. Tn hiu lp ny ph thuc vo mi trng c th l
cp ng, quang hay v tuyn, vi ba. Tn hiu STM-n khng th l mt thc th
u cui trong mng SDH. Trong khi lp lung VC-n c th l thc th u cui
ca mng, c lp vi mi trng truyn v cung cp trc tip dch v cho lp
khch hng. V vy knh VC-n c th c pht v kt cui ti cc thit b pha
khch hng, cn lp on STM-n c pht v kt cui ngay 2 thit b SDH lin k
kt ni vi nhau. Do yu cu knh thu ring SDH cn truyn trong sut cc
VC-n ca khch hng v khng c hay khng cn thit truy nhp n ni dung
cha trong VC-n. VC-n ca khch hng c th ti bt c thng tin c tn hiu dng
g nh PDH, ATM, MPLS, Ethernet.
5. Hin nay, Vit nam mi qui nh cung cp dch v knh SDH c tc ng
truyn (giao din) bng dung lng bng thng l 155Mbit/s hay STM-1 m khng
ch r cu trc ca knh. Tuy nhin, V SDH cho php xen r knh mm do, cho
php thit lp knh thu ring vi bng thng nh hn tc giao din theo cu
trc ghp knh nh: m x VC-n, v phn bit r hn cu trc knh thu ring, th
vic phn loi knh thu ring SDH theo cu trc ghp knh l ph hp hn c v
l thuyt v thu tin.
6. V vy, cc loi knh thu ring SDH c xc nh theo cu trc VC-n l ph hp
v c lp vi tc bit ng truyn. V giao din STM-n c xc nh trong
cc Qui/ Tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-172:1998, TCN 68-173:1998 v TCN 68175:1998
7. Theo hng dn ca v KHCN v vic xy dng tiu chun/ qui chun, th cht
lng dch v knh thu ring thuc v yu cu bt buc v trong phm vi ca Qui
chun. ng thi tiu chun ETSI, cng c EU qui nh l tiu chun bt buc
p dng cho cc nc trong EU
Trn c s r sot cc tiu chun Vit nam v quc t lin quan n SDH v knh thu
ring, cng nh tham kho cc phng php xy dng cc tiu chun/ qui chun v giao
din, kt ni v cc tiu chun v knh thu ring, nhm ti khuyn ngh xy dng Qui
chun ny theo phng php chp thun nguyn vn (c chnh sa theo qui nh Qui
chun Quc gia v tham chiu ti cc TCVN c xy dng theo Tiu chun quc
t)
Tn Qui chun xut l: Knh thu ring cu trc phn cp s ng b (SDH): Cht
lng kt ni
42
3.3.4 M hnh dch v knh thu ring

A, M hnh tham chiu knh thu ring
B, V d kt ni knh thu ring
Hnh 3-6 M hnh knh thu ring

V d giao din khch hng
Loi knh
VC12 or 2
Mbps
VC3 or 34
Mbps
M t
electrical STM-1 / G.703 @
155.520 Mbps
optical STM-1 / G.957 @ 155.520
Mbps
155.520 Mbps
optical STM-1 / G.957 @ 155.520
Tiu chun
TCN 68-172:1998 v TCN 68175:1998 (ITU G.703) , TCN 68177:1998
TCN 68-172:1998 v TCN 68175:1998 (ITU G.703) , TCN 68177:1998
43
VC4 or 140
Mbps
Optical
fiber
STM-1
Mbps
155.520 Mbps
optical STM-1 / G.957 @ 155.520
Mbps
L1-1 1300 nm
L1-2 1550 nm
TCN 68-172:1998 v TCN 68175:1998 (ITU G.703), TCN 68177:1998
TCN 68-173:1998
Connectors
Electrical
DIN 1.6/5.6 CEI 169-13 75 Ohms
Optical
Optoclip II connectors
Yu cu k thut knh thu ring c xc nh qua giao din ti Network Termination
Point (NTP) nh hnh trn.
3.3.5 Cu trc Qui chun

Da tho Qui chun knh thu ring SDH c cu trc theo hng dn tm thi
mi nht ca V KHCN - B thng tin v truyn thng bao gm:
1. Qui nh chung
1.1 phm vi iu chnh
1.2 i tng p dng
1.3. Ti liu vin dn
1.4. Gii thch t ng
a. nh ngha
b. K hiu
c. Ch vit tt
2. Yu cu k thut
3. Phng php o kim
4. Qui nh v qun l
Ph lc A (Qui nh): Phng php o kim

Ph lc B (tham kho) Cc gii hn ca li
Ph lc C (tham kho) Cu hnh kt ni knh thu ring VC bc
thp
Ph lc D (tham kho) Annex C (informative): Defects and
consequent actions at leased line connections
Ph lc E (tham kho) Ti liu tham kho
Bng i chiu tiu chun vin dn
D tho qui chun c xy da theo phng php chp thun nguyn vn v ni
dung. Tuy nhin cu trc theo Qui chun vit nam c hi khc nn phn cui ca d
tho cng m t r bng bng i chiu tiu chun vin dn nh bng sau. ph
hp vi ng dng v mc ch ca Qui chun Vit nam, phn phm vi v nh
ngha c b sung thm mt s im cho ph hp.
44
Bng 3-13 Bng i chiu tiu chun vin dn

Quy chun quc gia QCVN xxx2007/BTTTT
1. Qui nh chung
1.1 phm vi iu chnh
1.2 i tng p dng
1.3. Ti liu vin dn
1.4. Gii thch t ng
a. nh ngha
b. K hiu
c. Ch vit tt
2. Yu cu k thut
2.1 Quy nh chung cho cc kt ni knh
thu ring VC-4, VC-3, VC-2 v VC-12
2.1.1 Dung sai nh thi ca Cng ten n o
2.1.2 Tr truyn
2.1.3 Rung pha
2.1.4 Li
2.2. Cc yu cu k thut cho kt ni knh
thu ring VC-4
2.2.1 Kh nng truyn ti thng tin
2.2.2 c tnh li
thu ring VC-3
2.3.2 c tnh li
Tiu chun vin dn
Sa i, b sung
EN 301 164 V1.1.1, Clause 1
C b sung thm cho ph hp qui chun

Vit nam
EN 301 164, Clause 2

3.1 Definitions
3.2 Symbols
3.3 Abbreviations
chp thun nguyn vn

chp thun nguyn vn
C b sung thm cho ph hp qui chun
Vit nam

Characteristics
of VC-4, VC-3, VC-2 and VC-12 leased
line connections
4.1 Tolerance of Virtual Container (VC)
timing
4.2 Transfer delay
4.3 Jitter
4.4
Error performance
5 Characteristics of VC-4 leased line
connections
5.1 Information transfer susceptance
5.2 Error performance
connections
chp thun nguyn vn
chp thun nguyn vn
chp thun nguyn vn
45

thu ring VC-2
2.4.2 c tnh li
thu ring VC-12
2.5.2 c tnh li
3. Phng php o kim

connections
connections
EN 301 164, Annex A (normative): Test
methods
4. Qui nh v qun l
Ph lc A (Qui nh): Phng php o kim
A.1 Gii thiu chung
A.1.1 Kt ni thit b
A.2 Phng php o
A.2.1 Dung sai nh thi, kh nng truyn ti
v tnh i xng ca knh thu ring
A.2.2 Tr
A.2.3 Pht tn hiu ch th cnh bo (AIS)
A.2.4 Li
Ph lc B (tham kho) Cc gii hn ca li

B.1 Gii thiu
B.2 Cc kt ni chun
B.3 Ch tiu li
B.4 Li di hn
chp thun nguyn vn
chp thun nguyn vn
chp thun nguyn vn

B sung ph hp vi qun l, theo mu
qui chun quc gia
chp thun nguyn vn
EN 301 164, Annex A (normative): Test

methods
A.1 General
A.1.1 Equipment connection
A.2 Test methods
A.2.1 Leased line timing tolerance,
susceptance and symmetry
A.2.2 Delay
A.2.3 Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)
generation
A.2.4 Error performance
EN 301 164, Annex B (informative):
Derivation of error performance limits
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Reference connections
B.3 Error performance objectives
chp thun nguyn vn
46
B.5 Gi tr ch tiu li
Ph lc C (tham kho)
Ph lc D (tham kho)
Ph lc E (tham kho)
B.4 Long term error performance

B.5 Error performance figures
EN 301 164, Annex C (informative): Defects
and consequent actions at leased line
connections
EN 301 164, Annex D (informative):
Configuration of a lower order VC leased line
connection
EN 301 164, Annex E (informative):
Bibliography
chp thun nguyn vn

chp thun nguyn vn
chp thun nguyn vn
47
3.3.6 Phn tch cc yu cu chnh

Tiu chun cht lng knh thu ring SDH ca ETSI c xy dng da trn cc tiu chun
v khuyn ngh ITU khc v a ra cc yu cu c th cho cc tham s ca knh cu trc vc-
12, vc-2, vc-3, vc-4, bao gm:

Dung sai nh thi ca Cng ten n o: bao gm cc yu cu c th v nh
thi ca tn hiu ph hp vi cc tiu chun v ng b, nh thi trong SDH
nh G.813, G.825 hay nh trong TCN 68-164:1997 v TCN 68-177:1998; v
v con tr nh G.783
Tr truyn: cc yu cu ti thiu v tr ln nht ca tn hiu truyn trn
knh thu ring c xc nh trn c s yu cu v cht lng dch v lp trn
Rung pha: cc yu cu ph hp vi cc tiu chun v rung pha ti cc giao
din theo cc chun G.825 hay TCN 68-177:1998 bao gm cc yu cu: dung
sai Rung pha u vo ln nht, Rung pha u ra ca knh thu ring phi ti
thiu p ng yu cu tiu chun ti giao din tng ng
Kh nng truyn ti thng tin: yu cu truyn ti thng tin trong sut m
bo theo cu trc chun ca SDH v a ra cc tn hiu cnh bo ti thiu phi
c khi knh thu ring c s c.
c tnh li: ph hp vi iu kin p dng trng thc t, cc yu cu c th
cho cc tham s c tnh li c xc nh trong thi gian o th 24 gi. Cc
yu cu ny c xc nh c th trn c s cc ch tiu chun o trong 1 thng
theo G.826 v cc gii hn o ngn hn theo M.2100 (TCN 68-164:1997 v
TCN 68-177:1998)
Cng vi cc yu cu c th v cc tham s cht lng knh thu ring tiu chun gc
ca ETSI cng a ra cc yu cu v o kim tng ng. Tuy nhin cc yu cu ch
mang tnh nguyn l o m khng a ra c th cch thc hin v chng thng ph
thuc vo iu kin thc t. V vy phn sau s phn tch r hn cc bi o v phng
php d dng cho vic xc nh cc tham s khi s dng vi cc thit b o nh ph
lc B.
3.4 Phng php o v nh gi cht lng h thng v dch v

SDH khi ho mng
3.4.1 Gii thiu
ng vi mi giai on pht trin trong vng i ca sn phm, mc tiu v yu cu
v cc php o th v kim tra s rt khc nhau. Ni chung cc hot ng o kim
c chia theo vng i sn phm vi cc mc tiu nh sau:
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
41
- o trong qu trnh nghin cu v pht trin sn phm (do nh sn xut thit b thc
hin)
- o hp chun (do nh sn xut thit b hay bn nh mua thc hin qu trnh ny
cng c gi l Bench Marking Test- BMT ): xem sn phm c tun th cc tiu
chun v thit k hay khng, v nh gi cc tnh nng, nng lc thit b bn
mua quyt nh la chn sn phm.
- o nghim thu thit b v lp t (do bn mua v lp t thc hin ): kim tra cc
sn phm khi mua (v thng i vi cng khi lp t) m bo rng khng
thnh phn mng no b h hng v c ci t ng theo t hng v thit k.
- Nghim thu ho mng h thng v dch v cho ngi s dng (do nh khai thc
thc hin): cc php o ho mng c thc hin m bo rng h thng hot
ng theo yu cu, kt ni hon chnh vo mng li v cung cp dch v tho mn
yu cu cht lng.
- o trong qu trnh khai thc bo dng (do nh khai thc thc hin): kim tra xem
mng c cn duy tr cht lng khng, pht hin cc thnh phn b li v kim tra
xem cc li c c khc phc ng cch cha.
Ni chung, vic thc hin c tt c cc php o l mt vn khng kh thi v
mt thi gian cng nh kinh t, v vy ph thuc vo ng dng m mc cn thit
ca php o i vi i tng cn o, c th cho php thc hin php o cn thit m
vn m bo nh gi ng cht lng h thng.
Cc php o ch yu c phn ra 2 loi chnh: cc php o kim nh gi cht
lng tun theo chun quc t v trong nc; V cc php o nh gi kh nng kt
ni gia cc h thng. Mc d mi sn phm v h thng c o kim tho mn
cc php o hp chun, nhng do c tnh cht c th ring ca cc h thng t cc
nh sn xut khc nhau, t cc h thng c phin bn khc nhau v c lp t vi
la chn c th, v vy cn phi c cc bi o kim m bo chc chn kh nng kt
ni gia h thng khi ho mng. Cc php o loi ny s c v tr rt quan trng trong
qu trnh lp t, nghim thu ho mng, chng c ngha khng nhng trong mng
ca mt nh khai thc, m chng cn l c s cho kt ni lin mng gia cc nh khai
thc khc nhau trong mi trng cnh tranh.
i vi o ho mng h thng v dch v, cc php o ch yu tp trung vo cc
php o chc nng, v ch thc hin mt s t cc php o tham s quan trng c lin
quan n vic kt ni ho mng vi cc h thng khc nh: Jitter, ng b (Wander),
tham s giao din quang, v c bit l cht lng li.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
42
3.4.2 Phng php o ho mng quang SDH v cht lng knh thu
ring
Trn c s cc yu cu v phng php nh gi cht lng theo G.82x v M.21xx,
phng php o nh gi cht lng khi ho mng h thng quang nh trn lu
hnh 3-2. Trong c chia lm 2 giai on chnh bao gm:
- Giai on 1: Thc hin o kim thit b trc khi kt ni vo mng. gim thi
gian o, c th tham kho cc kt qu o trc thc hin trong cc giai on: Hp
chun, BMT, nghim thu thit b hay cc kt qu o khc c tin cy do cc bn
cung cp .
- Giai on 2: o kim cc chc nng sau khi thit b c kt ni vi mng li
v o nh gi cht lng dch v ngn hn theo M.21xx v nu c iu kin o
kim di hn theo G.82x, bao gm: cc bi o nh gi giao din kt ni,
Jitter/wander, cht lng dch v, cc tn hiu cnh bo, bo dng .
Vic nh gi ho mng cc thc th truyn dn (lung, on, h thng) trong mi
trng c nhiu nh khai thc cn thc hin theo cc khuyn ngh G.82x, M21xx v
c c th ho trong ETSI EN 301 164 .
Ghi ch:
-
Trong bng 3-2, th t cc bi o c sp xp theo th t t o kim tra

chung, n kim tra giao din, kim tra chc nng ca thit b v cui cng l o
kim tra sau khi kt ni thit b vi mng li.
Cc bi o cng c sp xp theo nhm (v d nh nhm bi o cc tham s

quang, nhm cc bi o v jitter/wander, nhm cc bi o v tham s ng b)
thun tin cho ngi o khi s dng thit b o.
Chi tit cc bi o tham kho ti NGHIN CU XY DNG CC BI

O KIM HO MNG THIT B U CUI CP QUANG SDH TRN
MNG VIN THNG CA TNG CNG TY, M s: 078-2004-TCT-TDPVT-44
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
43
Thc hin cc bi o kim

trc khi kt ni thit b vi
mng li
o cht lng knh thu ring
Thc hin cc bi o J/W v kim tra chc
nng sau khi thit b kt ni vi mng li
o ho mng theo M.21xx

trong 15 pht, 24 gi
Khc phc s c
N
C t?
Y
Tip tc o li bit theo G.82x (o

ISM)
Kt thc
Hnh 3-7 Lu thc hin o thit b SDH v knh thu ring khi ho mng
Bng 3-14 Cc bi o khi ho mng thit b u cui quang SDH v cht lng kt
ni
Stt
Cc php o
Tiu chun/khuyn ngh lin quan

Quc t
o ti trm
o kim giao din in
- Mt n xung
G.703,
G.957,
G.691, G.692
- Jitter/Wander
G.812,
G.813,
G.825, G.783
Ngnh
o kim giao din quang

- Cng sut pht
G.957, G.691, G.692
- Di ng v nhy ca b G.957, G.691

thu
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
44
- Cc tham s bc sng (i G.692

vi cc thit b c chun giao
din theo G.692)
- Mt n xung
G.957, G.691, G.692
- Jitter/Wander
G.812, G.813,
G.823, G.825, G.783
Giao din ng b
- Jitter/Wander
G.812, G.813
- p ng nhy pha ngn
G.812, G.813
- Kim tra c tnh ch lu G.812, G.813

gi
5
Cc chc nng ca thit b

- Chc nng sp xp, gii sp G.707
xp ca thit b
- Hot ng cnh bo, gim st G.784
li
- Hot ng ng b
G.810, G.812, G.813
II
o kim sau khi kt ni vi mng
o wander/jitter ti giao din G.825, G.812, G.813

vo/ra ca h thng
Chuyn mch bo v
Kim tra hot ng cnh bo, bo G.784

dng
o ho mng theo M.2101 v G.826 M.2101,

hoc G.828
G.828
G.783, G.841
TCN 68-175, TCN

68-173, TCN 68177
(Ghi ch: hin nay
mt s cc ch tiu
vn cha c qui
nh y trong
cc tiu chun
ngnh, v d nh
jitter con tr, tham
s quang ca cc
thit b SDH s
dng trong h
thng WDM, ch
tiu ho mng theo
khuyn ngh
M.2101. Do ch
tiu cc tham s
ny phi tham
kho trong cc
khuyn ngh ca
ITU-T
G.826,
3.5 Mt s bi o nh gi cht lng knh thu ring SDH

Qui trnh o nh gi cht lng knh thu ring nn c thc hin theo lu nh
trn hnh 3-2. Trong phn o knh thu ring c chia lm 2 nhm php o chnh:
Nhm 1: o kim tra cc tham s, chc nng nhanh v thc hin o sau khi thit b
c kt ni vi mng li bao gm cc php o v J/W, tr, chc nng cnh bo.
( bi s 1,2)
Nhm 2: o cc thng s c tnh li. (bi s 3)
lm r hn cc phng php o c xy dng trong qui chun cht lng knh
thu ring sau y chng ti a ra mt s bi o c th cho cc tham s ch tiu chnh
ca qui chun knh thu ring
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
45
3.5.1 Bi 1 - o kim khi c dung sai tn s, jitter ti knh SDH

Mc ch: Xc nh kh nng chu li v jitter, dung sai ca h thng cung cp knh
SDH khi tn hiu u vo c dung sai , rung pha, con tr t mc ngng theo tiu
chun TCN 68-177 v khuyn ngh ITU G.823,G.825, G.783.
Thit b o:
-
Thit b o SDH c kh nng to tin hiu c dung sai tn s, Jiiter u ra t ti

ngng dung sai Jitter u vo G.825 v c kh nng thay i chui th con tr
theo G.783
B suy hao quang s dng ni trong trng hp kt ni gia thit b o v thit

b SDH l thng qua giao din quang.
Thit b
o SDH
Qui trnh o:
OAT
Gia
o
di
n
ra
Gia
o
di
n
vo
S o:
H
thng /
Thit b
SDH
Hnh 3-8 S o jitter ti knh SDH

OAT
1. Thit lp cu hnh thit b SDH cn o

-
Loi b chc nng t ng ngt ngun laser ca thit b (ALS), hoc u vng
thit b
La chn lung c bng tn ln nht m thit b SDH cung cp lm lung cn o.

iu ny s cho php tit kim thi gian o
2. Thit lp cu hnh thit b o SDH, la chn cu trc tn hiu th ph hp vi

lung tn hiu cn o.
-
To Jitter trn lung PRBS vi gi tr theo gi tr mt n dung sai Jitter cho php
i vi giao din (gi tr ny c qui nh trong G.825)
Thit lp lch tn s ca ti v STM-n vi bt k gi tr no trong di qui nh

(4,6ppm)
Thit lp v chy chui con tr AU/TU G.783
3. Yu cu kt qu o: Khng nh rng khng c cnh bo v li c pht hin
bi b thu ca thit b o VC. Gi tr Jitter o c phi ph hp vi cc ch tiu

k thut qui nh trong tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-177.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
46
Bng 3-15 . Yu cu ti thiu i vi dung sai jitter ti giao din vo STM-1

Tn s f (Hz)
UIpp
2048 kbit/s networks
10 < f 68.7
10.9 UI
10 < f 19.3
38.9 UI (0.25 s)
19.3 < f 68.7
750 f 1 UI
68.7 < f 500
750 f 1 UI
500 < f 6.5 k
1.5 UI
6.5 k < f 65 k
9.8 103 f 1 UI
65 k < f 1.3 M
0.15 UI
Bng 3-16 . Yu cu ti thiu i vi dung sai jitter ti giao din vo STM-1e

UIpp
10 < f 19.3
38.9 UI (0.25 s)
19.3 < f 500
750f 1 UI
500 < f 3.3 k (Note 2)
1.5 UI
3.3 k < f 65 k
4.9 103 f 1 UI
65 k < f 1.3 M
0.075 UI
(UIpp)
Tn s
f (Hz)
1.0E+02
1.0E+01
1.0E+00
1.0E01
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
Tn s (Hz)
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
1.0E+05 1.0E+06
1.0E+07
T1316810-99
47
(UIpp)
Hnh 3-9. Gii hn dung sai jitter ti giao din u vo STM-1
100
10
0.1
0.01
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06

Tn s (Hz)
1.0E+07
T1316820-99
Hnh 3-10. Gii hn dung sai jitter ti giao din u vo STM-1e

Bng 3-17. Yu cu ti thiu i vi dung sai jitter ti giao din vo STM-4
Tn s f (Hz)
UIpp
10 < f 18.5
277.5 f 1 UI
18.5 < f 100
15 UI
9.65 < f 100
1500 f 1 UI
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
100 < f 1000
1500 f 1 UI
1 k < f 25 k
1.5 UI
25 k < f 250 k
3.8 104 f 1 UI
250 k < f 5 M
0.15 UI
48
(UIpp)
1.0E+03
1.0E+02
1.0E+01
1.0E+00
1.0E01
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03 1.0E+04
Tn s (Hz)
1.0E+05 1.0E+06
1.0E+07
T1316830-99

Bng 3-19. Yu cu ti thiu i vi dung sai jitter ti giao din vo STM-16
Tn s f (Hz)
UIpp
10 < f 70.9
1063.5 f 1 UI
70.9 < f 500
15 UI
10 < f 12.1
622 UI
12.1 < f 500
7500 f 1 UI
(UI)
500 < f 5 k
7500 f 1 UI
5 k < f 100 k
1.5 UI
100 k < f 1 M
1.5 105 f 1 UI
1 M < f 20 M
0.15 UI
1.0E+03
1.0E+02
1.0E+01
1.0E+00
1.0E01
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
Tn s (Hz)
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
T1316840-99
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
49
Hnh 3-21 Chui th con tr theo G.783

Bng 3-22 Thit lp thit b o trong php o jitter con tr
Ti tin
Thit b o SDH (pht)
Jitter cc
ai (UIpp)
Chui con
tr
b cho
tn hiu
PDH
B lc o
Chu k o
(s)
A
BC
A
BC
50 ppm
LP + HP1
LP + HP1
LP + HP2
LP + HP2
20
30
20
30
0,4
0,4
0,75
0,75
LP + HP1
LP + HP1
LP + HP2
LP + HP2
20
30
20
30
0,4(A)
0,75(D)
0,4
0,075
LP + HP1
LP + HP1
LP + HP2
LP + HP2
20
30
20
30
0,4(A)
0,75(D)
0,4
0,075
2 Mbit/s
34 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
Stt
Thit b o PDH (thu)
AD
BC
AD
BC
AD
BC
AD
BC
Bt k gi
tr no trong
di
20 ppm
Bt k gi
tr no trong
di
15 ppm
Bt k gi
tr no trong
di
Bng 3-23 Khuyn ngh ITU-T G.783 v jitter con tr (jitter kt hp)
Ti tin
Con tr
Chui th
Bng tn o
Jitter cc i
(Uipp)
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
50
2 Mbit/s
34 Mbit/s
140 Mbit/s
TU-12
A, B, C
0,02 - 100 kHz *
0,4
A, B, C
18 - 100 kHz **
0,075
A, B, C
0,1 - 800 kHz *
0,4
0,1 - 800 kHz *
0,75
A, B, C, D
10 - 800 kHz **
0,075
A, B, C
0,02 - 3500 kHz *
0,4
0,02 - 3500 kHz *
0,75
A, B, C, D
10 - 3500 kHz **
0,075
TU-3
AU-4
3.5.2 Bi 2 - o kim cc hot ng cnh bo ca h thng

Vic kim tra hot ng cnh bo bo dng ca ton h thng c thc hin theo
tng lp:
-
Hoc bng cch gi tn hiu m phng cnh bo t thit b phn tch

PDH/SDH n thit b
Hoc s dng cc chc nng ca h thng qun l MNS kim tra.
Phn tch cc hot ng cnh bo sau:

-
Tn hiu tr ngc tr li (upstream)
Cc tn hiu i tip (downstream)
Cc hin th cnh bo ni b (nu c) ca thit b
Cc bn tin pht ti h thng qun l phn nht k cnh bo t h

thng qun l s s l.
Mc ch bi o: Kim tra kh nng gim st cnh bo ca thit b bng cch gi

tn hiu m phng cnh bo t thit b phn tch PDH/SDH n thit b/ h thng.
Thit b o:
-
Thit b phn tch PDH/SDH c kh nng m phng cc tn hiu cnh bo
Cc b suy hao quang c d dng ni gia giao din quang ca my o

v thit b SDH cn o
S o:
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
51
Thit b
phn tch
SDH
Tn hiu m
phng cnh bo
Tn hiu cnh bo
i tip
Thit b/ h
thng SDH
Thit b
phn tch
SDH
Tn hiu cnh bo
ngc tr li
Thit b
o PDH
PC
Hnh 3-11 S o kim tra cc hot ng cnh bo ca thit b
Qui trnh o
1. Thc hin u ni s o nh hnh v. Thit b o c th l SDH hay PDH
ph thuc vo giao din ca NE. Cc thit b ny c nhim v m phng chnh
xc cc cnh bo k c mt t thi gian cnh bo
2. S dng thit b o, ch ng to ra cc iu kin gy cnh bo (v d nh
LOF, LOS, ) bng cch vo phn POH v SOH thay cc m mc nh bng
cc m cnh bo
3. Quan st trn PC v thit b o xem c xut hin cc cnh bo khng. Phn
tch cc hot ng cnh bo sau:
-
Tn hiu tr ngc tr li (upstream)
Cc tn hiu i tip (downstream)
Cc hin th cnh bo ni b (nu c) ca thit b
Cc bn tin pht ti h thng qun l phn nht k cnh bo t h

thng qun l s s l.
Yu cu kt qu o:
Hot ng cnh bo ca thit b phi tun theo s nh trn hnh di y.
Hnh 3-12 S kim tra cc hot ng cnh bo bo dng ca thit b
3.5.3 Bi 3 - o c tnh li
Mc ch bi o: kim tra cht lng (li bit) cc lung tn hiu c cung cp sau
khi thit b c kt ni vo mng. Vic o li bit ton tuyn khi ho mng thit b
SDH phi c thc hin theo khuyn ngh M.210x kt hp vi vic o v nh gi
li bit theo G.826 hoc G.828. i vi o nghim thu knh thu ring ch cn o nh
gi theo M.210x (24gi)
Thit b o:
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
52
Thit b o SDH c kh nng o li bit
B suy hao quang dng trong trng hp kt ni gia thit b o v thit b SDH
c thc hin qua giao din quang
S o
Thit b
o SDH
Thit b
SDH
MNG
Hnh 3-13 S o li bit khi h thng ngng khai thc

STM-N
Thit b
SDH
MNG
Thit b o
SDH
a. Truy nhp trn ng d phng ca h thng 1+1

STM-N
MNG
Splitter
Thit b
SDH
Thit b o
SDH
STM-N
MNG
Thit b
SDH
Thit b
o
SDH
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
53
c. Truy nhp qua im gim st ca thit b

STM-N
MNG
Thit b
SDH
H thng
qun l
EMS/NMS
d. S dng chc nng o gim st ca h thng qun l mng

Ghi ch: php o phi c thc hin trn c 2 hng truyn dn
Hnh 3-14 S o li bit khi h thng ang khai thc dch v
Qui trnh o
Bc 1: o trong khong thi gian 15 pht
-
Thc hin u ni s o theo hnh 3-6
- Thit lp thit b o SDH pht ra tn hiu o ph hp vi lung tn hiu cn

o (theo O.181)
-
o cc thng s cht lng theo M.2101
Nu gi tr o c ca php o ny tho mn cc ch tiu qui nh trong

M2101, chuyn sang bc 2
Nu khng t, phi thc hin li php o ny sau khi tm v khc phc s

c
Bc 2: o trong khong thi gian 24 h

-
Tip tc thc hin php o vi s u ni nh hnh 3-6 trong thi gian 24 h
Nu gi tr ca php o ny tho mn cc ch tiu qui nh trong ETSI EN 301

164 hay M2101, chuyn sang bc 3
Nu khng t, phi thc hin li php o ny ti a 2 ln sau khi tm v

khc phc s c
Bc 3:
-
Nu o nh gi cht lng dch v knh th c th dng ti y v nh

gi kt qu t hay khng t
i vi khi nghim thu h thng thit b mi khai thc th nn tip tc o gim

st trong qu trnh khai thc dch v ISM trong thi gian 7 ngy. Vic o ISM
c th thc hin vi 1 trong 3 s o nh trn hnh 3-7.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
54
Nu kt qu ca php o tho mn cc ch tiu qui nh trong M.2101, chuyn

sang bc 4.
Nu khng t, phi thc hin li php o ny sau khi tm v khc phc s

c
Bc 4:
-
Tip tc o ISM nh gi kt qu theo G.826 hoc G.828 . Thi gian o ti

bc 4 l 30 ngy
Lu : cn thc hin gim st cc cnh bo trong sut qu trnh o

Yu cu kt qu o:
-
Ti bc 1, 2, 3: kt qu o phi tho mn cc ch tiu c qui nh trong

ITU-T M.2101 hay ETSI EN 301 164
i vi o kim nhanh nh gi cht lng knh thu ring , ch cn o n

bc 2
Ti bc 4: kt qu o phi tho mn cc ch tiu c qui nh trong ITU-T

G.826/G.828.
3.6 Mt s vn cn lu khi o
3.6.1 Chui tn hiu th
c kt qu o ng, vic la chn cu trc tn hiu th ph hp l rt quan trng.
Trong khuyn ngh ITU-T O.181 qui nh cu trc tn hiu th c s dng trong
khi o thit b v h thng truyn dn SDH . Trn bng di y tm tt cc cu trc
tn hiu th ny v ng dng ca tng cu trc trong khi o:
Bng 3-24 Cu trc tn hiu o i vi tn hiu STM-n (O.181)
Stt
PRBS
23
2 -1
a vo
Cu trc
ng dng
Tt c cc byte ca HO C4
TSS1
o trn NE cung cp HPC v s

dng cu trc AU-4
215-1
Tt c cc byte ca HO C3
TSS2
o trn NE cung cp HPC v s

dng cu trc AU-3
223-1
Tt c cc byte ca LO C3
TSS3
o trn NE cung cp HPC v LPC
15
2 -1
Tt c cc byte ca container
bc thp (C-2,C-12)
TSS4
o trn NE cung cp HPC v LPC
223-1
Tt c cc bit nhnh PDH

c sp xp trong C-4
TSS5
o trn NE ch cung cp chc nng

LPA-4 v s dng cu trc AU-4
215-1

c sp xp trong HO C-3
TSS6

223-1

c sp xp trong LO C-3
TSS7

ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
55
215-1

c sp xp trong LO (C-2,
C-12)
TSS8
o trn NE cung cp chc nng

LPA-m (m=11, 12, 2)
Trong cc cu trc t TSS1 n TSS4 l cu trc khng sp xp (non-mapped test

signal), cn cc cu trc t TSS5 n TSS8 c gi l cu trc sp xp (mapped test
signal) i vi mt s ch o, c th s dng c 2 cu trc tn hiu th sp xp v
khng sp xp. Cu trc sp xp c th c s dng cho mc ch o li bit trong bt
k ch o no. Cn cu trc khng sp xp ch c th s dng trong mt s ch
o li bit nht nh. Cu trc ny khng s dng c cho cc trng hp:
-
Khi c yu cu o u cho hoc kt ni gia cc cng PDH v SDH ca thit b

SDH cn o
Hoc khi cc phn t mng c u cho bng cu trc tn hiu th khng sp

xp khng qun l cc nhn tn hiu c bit cho cc cu trc tn hiu th khng
sp xp trong khuyn ngh G.707/Y.1322.
Cc ng dng ca NE trong bng trn c nh ngha nh sau:

-
Chc nng kt ni lung bc cao (HPC) cho php phn b mt cch linh hot cc
VC bc cao, c th l VC3 v VC4
Chc nng kt ni lung bc thp (LPC) cho php phn b mt cch linh hot cc
VC bc thp
Chc nng tng thch lung bc thp (LPA) cho php cc tn hiu PDH c
a vo mng SDH bng cch cch thit lp/loi b vic sp xp tn hiu vo
trong container ca mng ng b
Chc nng kt chui VC4-Xc hoc VC2-Xc to ra bng tn ln hn XC-4

hoc VC-2 X ln
3.6.2 Cc thao tc i vi giao din quang

-
Lm sch cc connector trn giao din quang v dy o quang. Tuyt i khng

chy xc v cc khuyt tt khc trn mt si
S dng cc b suy hao quang trnh qu ti ti u thu (xem hnh 3-8). Mc

cng sut thu tt nht thc hin php o l gi tr trung bnh gia mc qu ti v
nhy ca b thu
Thit b
o SDH
B suy hao
quang
Phn t
mng
B suy hao
quang
iu ny trnh gy
qu ti ti u thu quang
Lung
nhnh
Hnh 3-15 S dng b suy hao quang trnh qu ti ti u thu
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
56
i vi cc php o lin quan n phn ngun pht phi kim tra chc nng ALS,
v lm mt kh nng hot ng ca ALS trc khi thc hin o. Sau khi kt thc
php o cn phi t chuyn mch ny v v tr c
3.6.3 Thit lp ng b trong qu trnh o

-
Thit lp ng b (xem hnh 3-9). Cng vic ny cn thc hin i vi mi php

o SDH trnh hin tng dch chuyn con tr xy ra trong qu trnh o.
Thit b
o SDH
Tn hiu STM-N
Phn t
mng
Hnh 3-16 Thit lp ng b cho thit b SDH khi o
Cng c th dng cc phng thc khc ng b cho thit b SDH nh :

-
Thit lp cu hnh thit b nhn tn hiu ng b t lung tn hiu STM-N thu

c. Lu khng s dng phng php ny khi thc hin o lch tn s ca
tn hiu STM-N
Thit lp cu hnh thit b s dng tn hiu ng h ni v thit b o ng b

theo tn hiu STM-N thu c
3.6.4 Mt s im lu khc
-
Trong qu trnh o th, ngoi s dng cc kt qu t thit b o, nn s dng cc

kt qu ca chnh thit b a ra. T cho php nh gi c cc chc nng o
kim ca thit b. Nu chc nng o kim ca thit b hot ng tt th cc php o
sau c th s dng kh nng ny ca thit b, nh c th gim thi gian, thao tc
khi o th. V d cc chc nng gim st li, gim st con tr, cnh bo ca thit
b...
Khi s dng c ch o kim c u vng cng th cng hoc bng phn mm

trong mt s php o, hay dng xc nh li, th trc khi thc hin o kim
phi xc nh chc chn vic u vng ti im c thc hin, c th bng
cch kim tra tn hiu o v cnh bo AIS khi c/cha thc hin u vng. Php
kim tra ny cn thit trnh trng hp c th c s kt ni, u vng u gn
hoc chuyn mch bo v kch hot.
Trong php o nhy thu quang ca thit b trn tuyn m s dng suy hao ca
tuyn cp quang cng vi b suy hao xc nh mc thu nh nht. Gi tr o
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
57
c ny s khng phi l nhy thu theo tiu chun (ch tnh n thnh phn suy
hao), v chng c tnh n cc nh hng ca tuyn cp quang gy ln.
-
c bit i vi SDH, th vic ng b rt quan trng, c khi h thng c lp

vn hot ng tt, nhng khi ho mng, cc kt ni lin mng li c cht lng
km, vic o kim cu hnh v cht lng ng b rt quan trng. i vi cc php
o ng b Wander vic thit lp tham s cho cu hnh o c nh hng rt ln
n chnh xc ca php o. in hnh l, cn cu hnh ng ngun ng h
tham chiu; t b lc di bng o 10Hz; t tc ly mu ca php o phi
ln gim nhiu v phn gii (30 n 50Hz) nhng khng qu ln s nh
hng n thi gian s l; v thi gian o phi ln >12 (-thi gian quan st
cc i trong tiu chun ca TDEV). Cn xc nh r l giao din cn o l giao
din thun lu lng hay c mang tn hiu ng b v c cp cht lng no t
la chn tiu chun nh gi ph hp.
Khi thc hin bi o kim nh gi cht lng li theo G.82x hay M.21xx, cn xc
nh ch tiu phn b li cho php ca lung, h thng cn o da theo cp, tc
v di. Thc hin o trn lung c di v tc ln nht c th ca h thng.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
58
KHUYN NGH P DNG

- Th trng dch v knh thu ring v ang pht trin mnh m cng vi nhu cu
dch v vin thng khc, nht l trong mi trng cnh tranh trong nc v quc t.
Sp ti nhu cu dch v bng rng cng tng th yu cu dch v knh thu ring tc
cao cng tr ln cao hn.
- Hin nay, chng ta c cc qui chun v knh thu ring nx 64 v 2048 kbit/s.
Trong khi knh thu ring SDH v ang c s dng rng di, tuy nhin vn
cha c cc tiu chun/ qui chun c th.
- t c mc tiu v ni dung ca cng, nhm thc hin ti thc hin:
+ R sot, nghin cu cc tiu chun v SDH v knh thu ring: lm r c tnh
hnh chun ho trn th gii v Vit nam. C th, cc tiu chun Vit nam c
bin son ch yu da theo khuyn ngh ITU v tiu chun ETSI;
+ Tm hiu tnh hnh pht trin dch v knh thu ring v c im mng cung cp
ca cc nh cung cp dch v in hnh ca Vit nam v knh thu ring; Xc nh
r cc c trng v cng ngh SDH c trin khai Vit nam theo chun ITU
(ETSI)
+ Tm hiu cc yu cu v qui chun/ tiu chun ca Vit nam v kt ni mng ni
chung v cht lng knh thu ring
+ Xy dng qui chun cht lng knh thu ring SDH da trn chp thun
nguyn vn tiu chun ETSI EN 301 164 bao gm cc yu cu ti thiu, bt buc
v knh thu ring cu trc VC-n, v cc phng php o cc tham s cht lng
tng ng.
+ lm r hn cc yu cu tham s v phng php o trong d tho Qui chun,
ti phn tch cc yu cu v mi lin h vi cc tiu chun quc t v Vit
nam; ng thi xy dng mt s bi o c th v knh thu ring SDH v gii
thiu mt s thit b v phng php o cc bi o c lin quan, m c th c
tham kho khi p dng o kim trong thc t.
- Cng vi cc qui/tiu chun v giao din in v quang SDH, Nhm ti khuyn
ngh p dng d tho Qui chun cht lng knh thu ring SDH Vit nam, p
ng yu cu qun l Nh nc v nhu cu pht trin dch v hin ti cng nh trong
tng lai Vit nam.
- Mc d, chng ta c qui chun v giao din vt l in v quang SDH (TCN 68172:1998, TCN 68-173:1998, v TCN 68-175:1998), nhng m bo c mt b qui
nh thng nht, ng b v c th hn na, th cc qui chun v giao din kt ni thit
b khch hng knh thu ring (da theo ETSI EN 301 165) cn c xy dng trong
tng lai. Ngoi ra, trong tng lai nhu cu kt ni lin mng SDH gia cc nh khai
thc cng c t ra, v vy cc mng ca cc nh khai thc kt ni vi nhau hon
ton, th cng cn c cc qui nh c th v cu trc tn hiu, qun l, ng b do
cc tho thun hay qui chun giao din kt ni SDH cng nn c xy dng trong
tng lai.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
59
PH LC A: Mt s phng php o cc tham s v chc

nng
Vic nghin cu phng php o cho cc thit b v h thng SDH c th tham kho
mt s cc ti, c th nh sau:
-
ti 20-95-KHKT-RD K thut o trong h thng SDH
ti 139-95-KHKT-RD Nghin cu k thut o th v gim st h thng

SDH n 2,5 Gbit/s
ti 146-95-KHKT-TC Qui trnh o th nghim thu tuyn thng tin quang

SDH tc 622 Mbit/s v 2.5 Gbit/s
ti 013-97-TCT-R Nghin cu phng php o nh gi cht lng cc h

thng thit b v tuyn truyn dn quang SDH khi nghim thu v bo dng
ti 014-2003-TCT-RDP-VT-62 Nghin cu la chn tiu chun ng b

v xy dng cc bi o kim cht lng ng b mng vin thng ca VNPT
ti M s: 078-2004-TCT-TDP-VT-44, NGHIN CU XY DNG CC

BI O KIM HO MNG THIT B U CUI CP QUANG SDH
TRN MNG VIN THNG CA TNG CNG TY
V vy, trong phn ny chng ti ch tm tt mt s l thuyt c bn v nhng iu
cn lu khi thc hin o SDH
A.1 Phng php o cc tham s quang

i vi giao din quang cn thc hin o cc tham s sau:
-
o cng sut pht
o di ng v nhy ca b thu
o mt n hnh mt
Ngoi ra i vi cc thit b SDH s dng trong cc h thng WDM c giao din tun
theo ITU-T G.692 th cn o thm tham s bc sng.
A.1.1 o cng sut pht:
Php o ny c thc hin nhm mc ch kim tra xem cng sut pht quang ti
giao din quang ca thit b SDH c tho mn cc ch tiu qui nh trong cc khuyn
ngh ITU-T G.957, G.691 hay G.692 hay khng. Php o ny c thc hin n gin
bng my o cng sut. thc hin php o ny cn a mt chui gi ngu nhin
thch hp n giao din vo ca thit b SDH v s dng my o cng sut o cng
sut pht quang ti giao din quang ra ca thit b. Lu loi b chc nng ALS ca
thit b trc khi o.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
62
A.1.2 o nhy v di ng ca b thu

nhy thu c nh ngha nh l gi tr b nht c th chp nhn c ca cng
sut thu trung bnh im R (hoc MPI-R) t c gi tr BER = 10 -10 hoc BER
= 10-12 tu theo tng ng dng ca thit b SDH.
Cng sut thu qu ti c nh ngha l gi tr ln nht c th chp nhn c ca
cng sut trung bnh im R (hoc MPI-R) t c gi tr BER = 10 -10 hoc BER
= 10-12 tu theo tng ng dng ca thit b SDH.
Chnh lch gia 2 gi tr ny c gi l di ng ca b thu.
o nhy v gii ng ca b thu cn phi s dng b suy hao t gia giao din
quang pht v thu ca thit b, iu chnh gi tr suy hao (min, max) sao cho vn t
BER = 10-10 hoc BER = 10-12 theo yu cu. Xc nh gi tr cng sut n u thu ng
vi cc gi tr suy hao min, max ny. Cc gi tr ny chnh l cng sut thu qu ti v
nhy ca b thu.
A.1.3 o tham s bc sng
Php o tham s bc sng c thc hin n gin bng my phn tch ph hoc
my o bc sng. Trong thit b o bc sng l thit b chuyn dng hn v c
chnh xc cao hn khi o cc tham s ny, c th : mt thit b OSA loi cch t
ch c th o tn hiu 1550 nm vi chnh xc bc sng tuyt i l 1 nm. Trong
khi mt my o bc sng c th thc hin php o ny vi chnh xc 0,001
nm.
A.2 Phng php o jitter

Jitter l s iu ch pha gi khng mong mun ca mt tn hiu xung, xut hin trong
truyn dn s v l s bin i nh cc thi im c ngha ca tn hiu so vi cc
thi im l tng ca chng.
Khi jitter xut hin, thi im chuyn mc ca mt tn hiu s s l sm hn hoc
mun hn so vi tn hiu chun.
Cc tham s c trng cho jitter ca tn hiu s l bin v tn s. Bin xc nh
tc thi ca xung tn hiu so vi v tr l tng ca n. Tn s th hin s thay i
nhanh chm ca lch tc thi so vi v tr l tng ca xung theo thi gian. Nu
bin ca dao ng pha theo thi gian l mt tn hiu c chu k vi tn s ln hn
10Hz, th dao ng ny c coi l nhanh v gi l jitter. Trong thc t, th dao ng
v pha ny thng khng phi l mt tn hiu c chu k, v vy cn phi phn tch s
c mt ca cc thnh phn ph trong di ph ca n ln hn hoc nh hn 10 Hz
xc nh l jitter hay wander
- Cc b lc o jitter
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
63
B lc o jitter n gin nht c mc ch l t c gi tr bin nh-nh UI trn

mt di bng tn no trong mt khong o nht nh. iu ny c ngha l, c
th o c cc dao ng pha ny, thit b phi c nhiu b lc gii hn bng tn
o ca tn hiu. Cc b lc ny c nh ngha trong cc khuyn ngh ca ITU-T.
UIpp
B1
Bng rng
B2
Bng cao
HP1
Trong :
HP2
LP
Tc
B1
B2
HP1(Hz)
HP2 (kHz)
LP (kHz)
2 Mbit/s
1.5
0.2
20
18
100
34 Mbit/s
1.5
0.15
100
10
800
140 Mbit/s
1.5
0.075
200
10
3500
STM-1e
1.5
0.075
500 Hz
65 kHz
1.3 MHz
STM-1o
1.5
0.15
500 Hz
65 kHz
1.3 MHz
STM-4
1.5
0.15
1 kHz
250 kHz
5 MHz
STM-16
1.5
0.15
5 kHz
1 MHz
20 MHz
Hnh A-1 Cc b lc o jitter c nh ngha trong G.823 v G.825

- Khong thi gian o
Nh cp n trong phn trn, php o bin jitter phi c thc hin trong
mt khong thi gian o nht nh. Khong thi gian o thng thng l 60 s. Ngoi
tr khi o jitter con tr, kt qu o ph thuc rt nhiu vo thi gian o. Bi v cc s
kin con tr xy ra khng thng xuyn, ri rc, iu ny lm cho kt qu o c th
thay i rt nhiu khi t trng thi khng c iu chnh con tr chuyn sang trng thi
c iu chnh con tr. iu ny cn phi tnh n khi thc hin php o.
- Cc kiu tn hiu th
Bi v cc tn hiu c kiu khc nhau s c thnh phn ph khc nhau, cho nn vic
la chn tn hiu th s nh hng rt ln n kt qu o. i vi cc giao din PDH,
cc mu tn hiu o c qui nh trong O.151 v c tng kt trong bng di y:
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
64
Bng A-1 Cc mu tn hiu o jitter cho cc giao din PDH
Stt
Tc (Mbit/s)
Mu tn hiu th
215-1
34
223-1
140
223-1
i vi cc tn hiu SDH, v cc tn hiu ny c trn ngay trc khi truyn nn

khng cn thit ch ra cc mu tn hiu o ring cho cc php o jitter, mc d hu ht
cc tn hiu o chc chn s l mt s loi ti o c cu trc (TSS1 - TSS8)
- lch tn s:
Trong mt s php o, c th xem xt trong trng hp xu nht, cn phi pht tn

hiu b jitter c lch tn s ln ti gi tr dng/m cc i cho php ti thit b cn
o. Bng di y tng kt lch tn cc i i vi cc tc khc nhau (t cc
khuyn ngh G.703, G.813, G.783)
Bng A-2 lch tn cc i i vi cc tc khc nhau
Stt
Tc (Mbit/s)
lch tn danh nh (ppm)
50
34
20
140
15
A.2.1 o Jitter ti cc giao din ra

Php o ny xc nh bin Jitter (tnh bng UIpp) xut hin ti cng ra ca h thng
(thit b) SDH. Gii hn cc i ca gi tr ny c qui nh trong khuyn ngh
G.823 v G.825. Gi tr Jitter ti u ra ny c th sinh ra do bn thn thit b hoc do
jitter t cc u vo (c th l u vo d liu hoc u vo ng b) c truyn n
u ra ca thit b. Trong trng hp mun xc nh Jitter ni ti ca thit b th tn
hiu a n thit b phi l tn hiu khng b Jitter.
A.2.2 o jitter cho php ti giao din u vo
Cc thit b SDH phi c thit k c kh nng chp nhn mt lng Jitter nht
nh ti u vo m khng gy mt ng b hoc khng to ra bt k s bt thng
no. Kh nng c th hin qua gi tr jitter cho php ti giao din u vo thit b
(hay cn gi l dung sai jitter). V vy, dung sai jitter c nh ngha l bin jitter
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
65
ln nht ti u vo ca NE m khng gy ra bt k s bt thng no v bit hay bt

thng no v ng b. Gi tr ny c qui nh trong khuyn ngh G.823 (PDH),
G.825 v G.958 (SDH).
Php o dung sai jitter c thc hin bng cch chn cc jitter hnh sin ti cng u
vo. Bin ca jitter to ra c tng ln cho n khi c s kin xut hin ti cng ra
ca thit b cn o. Qu trnh ny c lp li ti cc tn s khc nhau. C 2 cch
thc hin php o ny: da trn s bt u xut hin li bit, v da trn thit thi v
BER. (lu , khi thc hin php o ny phi ni thit b cn o v thit b o n mt
ngun ng b chung trnh xy ra hin tng dch chuyn con tr trong qu trnh
o)
a. Da trn s bt u xut hin li bit (onset of error)
Phng php ny thch hp cho vic o hu ht cc loi phn t mng. Thng c

s dng kim tra xem cc chc nng m v khi phc tn hiu clock ca NE c
hot ng chnh xc hay khng. Php o c thc hin nh sau: tng bin jitter
cho n khi quan st thy s suy gim cht lng t n mt ngng nht nh (v
d ngng khuyn ngh trong O.171 cho tn hiu PDH l 2s vi cc bt thng xy ra
theo chu k 30s). Ti im ny, gi tr bin jitter c ghi li v cho chng ta gi tr
jitter cho php ti u vo i vi tn s . Php o c lp li ti cc tn s khc
nhau.
b. Da trn thit thi v BER
i vi cc h thng ng truyn (trm lp) th phng php ny thch hp hn

(thng s dng giao din quang). Trong trng hp ny, gi tr jitter cho php ti u
vo c xc nh khi s suy gim cht lng t n mc tng ng vi vic
gim qu cng sut truyn dn i 1 dB (O.171). Php o ny c thc hin ti cc tn
s khc nhau.
A.3 Phng php o cc chc nng SDH

A.3.1 o kim tra kh nng truyn ti ca thit b
Tu theo cu hnh ca thit b, kh nng truyn ti ca thit b/ h thng c th
hin cc im sau:
-
Kh nng truyn ti trong sut container bc cao C3/4
Kh nng truyn ti trong sut container bc thp C3/C2/C11/C12
Kh nng sp xp cc lung nhnh vo container bc cao C3/4
Kh nng sp xp cc lung nhnh vo container bc thp C3/C2/C11/C12
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
66
Mc ch ca php o ny l kim tra hot ng ca thit b SDH theo ng

cc chc nng truyn ti tng ng vi cc lp m c cu hnh v ng thi
cng kim tra c tnh c lp ca cc lp trong thit b.
Cch tt nht o kim kh nng truyn ti ca mt thit b l dng mt thit
b o SDH c kh nng m phng tn hiu, cc chc nng ca thit b cn o SDH
nh mt thit b SDH chun. Chnh v vy cc php o thng thng c thc
hin trn giao din STM - N ca thit b.
Trong php o ny, thit b c coi l c kh nng truyn ti tt nu thit b ny
c kh nng truyn ti thng sut t u cui ny n u cui kia mt kiu cu
trc tn hiu SDH nh trong G.707 m c truyn ti qua thit b (loi cu trc
tn hiu ca phn t mng ). Mt cu trc tn hiu SDH c xem l truyn dn
thng sut t u cui ny n u cui kia khi:
+ Khng c mt s suy gim no v c tnh cht lng
+ Khng c mt s thay i no v bit khi tn hiu s c truyn dn t
u cui ny n u cui kia, trong mi mt bit ca tn hiu s ny cho php
c th ly bt k gi tr no li vo ca phn t mng SDH c kim tra (tc l
tn hiu ra phn nh ng tn hiu vo - khng c li bit).
Trn bng di y tm tt cc loi cu trc tn hiu th v cc s kin cn gim
st trong php o kh nng truyn ti ca thit b SDH
Bng A-3 Cu trc tn hiu th v cc s kin cn gim st trong php o kh
Ch
Truyn ti trong sut container bc cao C-4
nng truyn ti ca thit b SDH

Stt
Kh nng truyn ti ca
lp on lp STM-n
Kh nng truyn ti ca
lp on ghp knh
STM-n
Kh nng truyn ti ca
lp lung bc cao VC-4
Kh nng truyn ti ca
lp on lp STM-n
Kh nng truyn ti ca
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
Cu
trc tn
hiu
th
TSS1
TSS5
TSS1
TSS5
Cc s kin cn gim st
OOF, li B1, TSE

LOS, LOF, RS-TIM, LSS
OOF, li B2, MS-REI, TSE
LOS, LOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI, LSS
TSS1
TSS5
OOF, li B3, HP-REI, TSE

LOS, LOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI, AULOP, AU-AIS, HP-RDI, HP-TIM,
LSS, HPTC RDI, HPTC-LTC
TSS2
TSS6
TSS2
OFF, li B1, TSE

LOS, LOF, RS-TIM, LSS
OFF, li B2, MS-REI, TSE
67
Truyn ti trong sut container bc cao C-3
lp on ghp knh
STM-n
Kh nng truyn ti ca
lp lung bc cao VC-3
TSS6
LOS, LOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI, LSS
TSS2
TSS6
OOF, li B3, HP-REI, TSE, LOS,

LOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI, AU-LOP,
AU-AIS, HP-RDI, HP-TIM, HPLOM, HPTC-TIM, HPTC RDI,
HPTC-LTC, LSS
Truyn ti trong sut container bc

thp C-3
TSS3
TSS7
Truyn ti trong sut container bc

thp (C-11/C-12/C-2)
TSS4
TSS8
Sp xp lung nhnh vo C-4 bc

cao
TSS5

cao
TSS6

thp
TSS7
Sp xp lung nhnh vo cc
container bc thp (C-11/C-12/C-2)
TSS8
OOF, li B3, LP-REI, TSE, LOS,

LOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI,AU-LOP,
AU-AIS, HP-RDI, HP-TIM, HPLOM, HPTC-TM, HPTC RDI,
HPTC-LTC, LP-RDI, TU-LOP,
TU-AIS, LP-TIM, LPTC-TIM,
LPTC RDI, LPTC-LTC, LSS
OOF, li BIP-2, LP-REI, TSE,
LOS, LOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI,AULOP, AU-AIS, HP-RDI, HP-TIM,
HP-LOM, HPTC-TM, HPTC RDI,
TU-AIS,
TU-LOM,
LP-TIM,
LPTC-TIM, LPTC RDI, LPTCLTC, LSS
HPTC-TC-RDI, HPTC-LTC, LSS
HPTC-RDI, HPTC-LTC, LSS
OOF, li B3, LP-REI, TSE, LOS,
TU-AIS, LP-TIM, LPTC-TIM,
LPTC RDI, LPTC-LTC, LSS
OOF, li BIP-2, LP-REI, TSE,
LOS, LOF, MS-AIS, MS-RDI, AULOP, AU-AIS, HP-RDI, HP-TIM,
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
68
HP-LOM, HPTC-TIM, HPTC RDI,

TU-AIS,
TU-LOM,
LP-TIM,
LPTC-TIM, LPTC RDI, LPTCLTC, LSS
A.3.2 Kim tra chc nng chuyn mch bo v ca thit b

Chuyn mch bo v l mt trong cc chc nng ca thit b SDH nhm m bo
s lin tc ca lu lng khi c s c xy ra. yu cu thit b SDH thc hin
chc nng chuyn mch bo v, c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau:
-
S dng h thng qun l mng a cc lnh t bn ngoi vo. Cc lnh

ny s c chuyn ti thit b v thit lp cc byte K1/K2 APS trong phn
thng tin mo u ca tn hiu SDH thc hin chc nng chuyn mch bo
v
Vic chuyn mch bo v cng c th c thc hin da trn cc cht lng

ca lu lng, v d nh khi mt tn hiu hoc khi cht lng tn hiu gim
xung di mt mc ngng no
Vic kim tra chc nng chuyn mch bo v cn thc hin 2 kha cnh sau:
-
Kim tra tnh lin tc ca lu lng khi c s c xy ra
Xc nh thi gian gin on dch v xem c nm di mc ngng cho php

hay khng (mc ngng l 50 ms)
A.3.3 Kim tra kh nng gim st c tnh li ca thit b

Gim st c tnh li ca mi lp l kh nng vn c ca thit b SDH. Gim st
li da trn s pht hin li khi bng m chn l lun phin theo bit (BIP)
trong cc byte overhead ca mi lp.
Bng cch s dng cc thit b o SDH chn cc loi li khc nhau ln tn hiu
SDH kim tra kh nng pht hin li v x l cc li nhn c ca thit b.
-
i vi lp on, cc li c chn ln tt c cc byte ca tn hiu c

truyn hoc trc tip ln cc byte BIP (B1, B2) m c lin quan ti on .
i vi vic kim tra lp lung th cc li c chn vo cc byte ca VC cn

kim tra hoc l cc BIP tng ng. Vn gi tng kim tra c lp gia cc
lp th cc li nn c chn vo VC sao cho cc li ny khng nh hng
ti cc lp thp hn (trong trng hp ny l lp on). Trong trng hp
kim tra lp lung bc thp th khng nh hng ti lung bc cao.
A.3.4 Kim tra cnh bo cc hot ng bo dng ca thit b
Php kim tra cnh bo ny rt quan trng n bao hm o kim khng ch kh
nng pht hin cc cnh bo m cn cc hot ng lin quan ti cnh bo ca thit
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
69
b. C rt nhiu tn hiu cnh bo c a vo trong cc byte mo u ca tn

hiu SDH. Trn hnh di y th hin hot ng cnh bo ca thit b v h
thng SDH :
Hnh A-8 Hot ng cnh bo ca thit b v h thng SDH
Sau khi pht hin mt cnh bo, cc thit b s thc hin cc hot ng lin quan
ti cnh bo. V d nh nu pht hin c mt khung LOF trn tn hiu nhn
c, th NE s ngay lp tc thc hin cc hot ng sau:
+ Gi tn hiu AIS vo cc tn hiu i tip
+ Gi ngc li ch bo hng u xa MS-FERE phn ghp knh.
+ Dng thu thp cc tham s gim st c tnh tng ng.
Sau mt thi gian tr no v nu vn trong trng thi c s c, th NE s t
vo trng thi LOF v ch bo ni b tng ng (nh n bo hiu) v NE cng
gi mt bn tin ti h thng qun l. Qu trnh cng tng t nh khi loi b
trng thi c s c.
kim tra cc hot ng cnh bo, thit b o SDH s gi tn hiu m phng
cnh bo t thit b phn tch PDH/SDH n thit b v thc hin kim tra cc
hot ng cnh bo ca thit b bao gm:
+ Tn hiu tr ngc tr li (upstram)
+ Cc tn hiu i tip (downstream)
+ Cc hin th cnh bo ni b (nu c) ca thit b
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
70
+ Cc bn tin pht ti h thng qun l phn nht k cnh bo t h

thng qun l s s l.
A.3.5 Kim tra chc nng ng b ca thit b SDH
SSU hoc SEC c th nhn tn hiu ng b t nhiu ngun khc nhau. Khi tn hiu
ng b b mt, thit b s t ng chuyn sang s dng ngun ng b th cp v
thit lp li trng thi hot ng bnh thng.
kim tra chc nng ng b ca thit b SDH, cn thit lp phn cp ng b
cho thit b SDH cn o, ch ng to ra cc s c ngun ng b, theo d i xem
hot ng ng b ca thit b din ra nh th no, s chuyn i ngun ng b
c thc hin theo ng phn cp c thit lp khng?
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
71
PH LC B: GII THIU MT S THIT B O

B.1 Yu cu chung
Trong qu trnh o nh gi cht lng SDH, cc thit b o c s dng nh l mt
thit b chun so snh khi o kim, m bo tnh tng thch gia cc thnh phn
khc nhau ca h thng. Ngoi ra thit b o cng c s dng m phng cc iu
kin kht khe c th c trong khi trin khai SDH, nht l trong mi trng c nhiu
nh cung cp thit b. V vy, thit b o phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
-
My o phi m bo cc chc nng khi s dng trong mi trng PDH/SDH
C cc chc nng o nhanh v t ng c th thc hin mt chui cc php o

nhanh. Phn mm ca h thng o hin nay c th thc hin cc php o mt cch
d dng v nhanh chng. Ngn ng lp trnh n gin v d s dng thng l
ngn ng hng i tng, cho php lp trnh bng giao din ho thng qua cc
khi, cc modul, biu tng... khc hn vi ngn ng lp trnh tun t truyn thng
rt phc tp
My o c kh nng m rng thm chc nng mt cch d dng, c kh nng cp

nht c cc ch tiu, cc tiu chun nh gi trong tng lai
C giao din ngi s dng thch hp, d s dng, d nh
C kh nng lu tr thng tin ln khi thc hin php o trong thi gian di
C cu trc modul cho php cc t hp mm do v kh nng nng cp m rng c

phn cng ln phn mm mt cch d dng.
Hin nay, bn cnh mt s thit b o thc hin cc chc nng n l v d nh c loi

thit b ch thc hin chc nng phn tch khung, c loi thit b ch thc hin php o
BER th c rt nhiu thit b o SDH c th thc hin y cc bi o SDH nu.
c th thc hin y cc bi o ny th thit b o SDH phi m bo cc chc
nng sau:
-
C kh nng to v phn tch cc tn hiu STM-N c cu trc c qui inh trong

ITU-T G.707
C kh nng pht cc cu trc tn hiu th khc nhau TSS1- TSS8 theo nh qui
nh trong O.181
C th thc hin m phng v nh gi cc byte trong SOH/POH
To v phn tch cc bt thng v sai hng
C kh nng chn li bit B1, B2, B3
To chui th con tr theo G.783 v phn tch hot ng ca con tr
C kh nng o v nh gi li bit theo G.826, G.828, G.829 v M.2101
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
72
C kh nng to/phn tch wander/Jitter theo ITU-T G.783, G.823, G.825, O.171,
O.172
Bn cnh thit b o SDH l thit b o chnh, trong qu trnh o ho mng thit b

SDH cn cn phi c s h tr ca cc thit b o khc l thit b o cng sut
quang v cc b suy hao quang. i vi cc thit b ny yu cu quan trng nht l
phi c kh nng lm vic ti bc sng ca thit b SDH cn o, v yu cu th 2 ca
thit b l di ng ca thit b phi ln.
B.2 Mt s thit b o
Trong phn ny, ti s gii thiu mt s thit b o c s dng trong qu trnh o
nghim thu thit b u cui quang SDH
B.2.1 Thit b o SDH
B.2.1.1 Thit b ANT-20
ATN-20 l thit b do PDH/SDH vi cc c tnh k thut nh sau:
Cc giao din in: C cc giao din PDH tun theo ITU-T G.703, vi tc v m
ng truyn nh sau:
-
2048, 8448 v 34368 kbit/s:
HDB3
139264 v 155520 kbit/s
CMI
Dung sai tc bit: c th iu chnh n mc 500 ppm vi bc iu

chnh 0.001 ppm
Giao din quang: tun theo ITU-T G.957

Cu trc tn hiu STM-N:
-
Thit b c kh nng to ra tn hiu STM-1N tun theo ITU-T G.707
Vi cc cu trc tn hiu th tun theo O.181
Ni dung ca cc byte SOH v POH: ni dung ca tt c cc byte (tr cc byte

B1/B2/B3 v H1H4) l c th lp trnh c tu theo mc ch ca ngi s
dng vi bt k byte hoc chui byte (c chn vo trong khung STM-N)
Cc ch o t ng:
-
Cu hnh t ng: ch ny ANT-20 c t ng thit lp theo tn hiu

u vo.
Chc nng qut t ng: chc nng ny cho php nhanh cho ngs kimtra cu
trc tn hiu, kiu sp xp c s dng, nhn dng vt v phn ti tin thm ch
ngay c trong trnghp sp xp hn hp
Chc nng t ng qut s c: chc nng ny cho php kim tra tt c cc knh
C11 hoc C12 qua AU-3 v AU-4 trong tn hiu SDH. B thu ANT-20 kim tra
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
73
cc cnh bo trong tn hiu thu c, cu trc tn hiu SDH v tt c cc knh.

Kt qu (t/khng t) c a ra. C th hin th lch s cnh bo chi tit
ca tng knh
Cc php o thc hin c:
-
Chn v pht hin li bit

-
i vi tn hiu SDH: li chn l B1, B2, B3, li tn hiu ng b

khung, MS-REI, HP-REI, li bit trong mu th, li m (cc li n)
hoc li bit vi t l t 2.10-3 10-10
i vi tn hiu PDH: li bit, li FAS, li m (li n) hoc li bit vi t

l t 10-2 10-9
Phn tch hot ng con tr. Cc tham s hin th bao gm:

-
S ln hot ng con tr: s ln tng, gim, tng (tng + gim)
Gi tr con tr
C kh nng to v phn tch hot ng con tr ti mc AU v TU mt cch

ng thi:
-
Hot ng con tr theo G.783 vi bc con tr c th lp trnh c
C th thc hin tng hoc gim con tr
C th to ra cc con tr n
C th thit lp gi tr con tr
Hin th s ln hot ng con tr: s ln tng, gim, tng (tng + gim)
Hin th gi tr con tr
o tn s clock: lch tn s clock ca tn hiu u vo so vi gi tr danh

nh c hin th theo ppm
To v pht hin cnh bo: tt c cc cnh bo uc nh gi v hin th song

song:
-
i vi tn hiu SDH: LOS, LOF, HP-PLM, MS-AIS, HP-UNEQ, HPRDI
i vi tn hiu PDH: LOS, LOF, AIS, RDI
nh gi SOH v POH: thit b ANT-20 c th hin th ton b cc thng tin

trong SOH v POH
Nhn bit theo di vt lung:
J0, J1, J2:
chui ASCII 16 byte lp trnh c
J1, J2:
chui ASCII 64 byte lp trnh c
H4:
chui 4 hoc 48 byte
o v nh gi li bit theo ITU-T G.821, G,826, M.2100
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
74
To v phn tch Jitter theo G.783, G.823, G,825, O.171, O.172. Vi cc php
o c th thc hin c bao gm:
o v ghi li gi tr jitter UIpp theo thi gian

-
o Jitter theo gi tr RMS
o cc gi tr TIE, MTIE, TDEV
Cc chc nng o t ng:

i. T ng xc nh hm truyn t Jitter
ii.
T ng so snh gi tr dung sai jitter cc i vi cc mt
n dung sai Jitter chun ca ITU-T hoc ANSI
iii.
T ng to chui con tr o jitter kt hp
iv.
T ng so snh gi tr dung sai wander cc i vi cc
mt n dung sai wander chun ca ITU-T hoc ANSI
-
o cc knh ATM
-
To v o li bit (ca AAL-0, AAL-1)
Phn tch cht lng ATM (t l li t bo, t l mt t bo, tr truyn

dn t bo trung bnh, s thay i tr truyn dn t bo...)
To v pht hin cnh bo (LCD, VP AIS, VP RDI, VP AIS+ VC AIS,

VC I, VC RDI, VP RDI+VC RDI)
Khong thi gian o:

-
C th thay i c: t 1s n 99 ngy
Thi im bt u v kt thc o: c th c thit lp nhn cng hoc t thi

gian t ng
Chui tn hiu th: thit b ANT-20 c kh nng to ra cc chui tn hiu th c cu

trc hoc khng c cu trc:
-
Chui bit gi ngu nhin: 211-1, 215-1, 220-1, 223-1
T lp trnh c: 16 bit
B.2.1.2 Thit b o SF-60 v SFO-60

Thit b SF-60 l thit b phn tch li v o jitter i vi cc h thng thng tin s t
48 kbit/s n 175 Mbit/s.
SF-60 c s dng o kim tra i vi cc h thng PDH, SDH v ISDN. Thit b
c SF-60 c th thc hin cc chc nng sau:
-
Pht v o Jitter trong phm vi tc t 48 kbit/s n 175 Mbit/s
- Kim tra chc nng MUX-DEMUX: vic nh gi chc nng ny c thc

hin theo cc tiu chun tng ng ca ITU-T. SF-60 c th pht v phn tch cu
trc khung, cu trc ti tin ca cc tn hiu cn ng b v ng b
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
75
- SF-60 c kh nng to li v cc cnh bo kim tra cc hot ng cnh bo

ca thit b
SFO-60 cng l thit b o SDH c cc chc nng nh phn tch cht lng tn hiu,
kim tra li, jitter, .... Tuy nhin thit b ny c kh nng cc giao din c tc t
ti STM-4 v STM-16.
B.2.1.3 Thit b o EST 2100
Thit b EST 2100 l thit b o kim tra PDH/SDH vi cc c trng sau:
-
Tch/ghp cc knh lu lng
Tch/chn cc byte thng tin qun l
- Hot ng trong ch through mode vi giao din quang cho vic gim st
lu lng trong cc h thng truyn dn quang SDH thiu im gim st
-
Cho php ngi s dng c ni dung ca cc khung STM-1
o thi gian truyn dn qua mng SDH
Gim st v to ra cc hot ng ca con tr
o nh gi li bit khi h thng ang khai thc v ngng khai thc theo G.826
B.2.1.4 Thit b o HP 37717B/C

Thit b kim tra truyn dn HP 37717 B/C c kh nng:
- Pht v o jitter cc tc 2, 8, 34, 140 Mbit/s, 155 Mbit/s v 622 Mbit/s
theo G.823 v G.958
-
Hin th v phn tch cc byte thng tin qun l
To ra hot ng con tr ththeo ITU-T G.783
- H tr o bo dng trong qu trnh h thng ang khai thc cng nh khi h

thng ngng khai thc
B.2.2 Thit b o cc tham s quang
B.2.2.1 Thit b o cng sut quang OLP-25
OLP-25 l thit b o cng sut quang c kh nng o mc cng sut quang ca tn
hiu khng iu ch hoc mc cng sut quang trong bnh ca tn hiu quang c
iu ch vi tn s 1MHz.
Di o:
-
Ti bc sng 850 nm:
-55 n +3 dBm
Ti bc sng 1300 nm:
-70 n +3 dBm
Ti bc sng 1550 nm:
-70 n +3 dBm
Di hin th:
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
-75 n + 4 dBm
76
Mc cng sut cho php ln nht ti u vo:
+10 dBm
phn di:
0.1 dB
Thi gian p ng:

-
Vi mc cng sut > -60 dBm:
0.1 s
Vi mc cng sut t -65 n -60 dBm:
10 s
Vi mc cng sut t -70 n -65 dBm:
35 s
Cc loi si c th s dng:
-
Si a mode G.651
Si n mode G.652, G.653, G.654
B.2.2.2 B suy hao quang OLA-25

OLA-25 l b suy hao c th iu chnh suy hao mt cch lin tc, c s dng
suy hao cng sut tn hiu quang trn si n mode.
-
Di bc sng lm vic :
1250 n 1600 nm
Gi tr suy hao :
-
Di danh nh :
3 n 60 dB
Suy hao xen :
3 dB
Suy hao phn hi:
>23 dB
Bc iu chnh suy hao:
0.1 dB
Sai s:
1 dB
B.2.3 Cc thit b o ng b
Ngoi thit b ANT-20 l thit b o SDH c kh nng o ng b trnh by trn,
trong phn ny chng ti s gii thiu thm 2 loi thit b o ng b na hin nay
ang c s dng o trn mng vin thng ca TCT:
B.2.3.1 HP E1740A.
HP Agilent E1740A l module c s dng o tn hiu ng h. HP Agilent

E1740A c card VXI 2 khe, cho php thc hin cc php o tn hiu ng h vi
phn di cao, rt ph hp vi cc ng dng nh o c tnh jitter, o thit b vin
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
77
thng, o h thng s, cc b lu tr d liu, cc thit b radar/gim st, VCO/PLL, o

phn b ng b, v cc ng dng tc cao. HP Agilent E1740A l module quan
trng nht trong thit b E1725C VXI, n c kh nng tng thch vi cc phn mm
i km cho php nh dng thit b ph hp vi nhng ng dng c th. Nhng ng
dng ny thng thng l phn tch thit b lu tr d liu, cc php o ng b mng,
phn tch jitter ng h hay jitter SONET/SDH.
Ch tiu k thut:
Kch thc C, c h thng giao tip bng cc bn tin, c card tng thch SCPI
cho php thit lp cc h thng o ring hay tch hp chc nng o vi cc thit
b khc.
D dng thit lp cc php o do cc tham s u vo v cc tn hiu cn thit
cho cc knh o c th c la chon cho ph hp vi yu cu.
C kh nng xc nh c chnh xc thi im php o cho ra kt qu.
B.2.3.2 HP E1725C.
Thit b o tn hiu ng h HP Agilent E1725C kt hp kh nng ly mu nhanh vi
b nh ln 512K v cc kh nng phn tch tin tin khc. Cc phn mm i km vi
thit b ny cho php cu hnh thit b cho ph hp vi cc ng dng c th. Vi thit
b E1725C, ta c th thc hin cc php o v cc phn tch trn cc thit b lu tr d
liu, o jitter ca khung SDH/SONET, jitter ng h, v cc php o ng b mng
khc. HP Agilent E1725C c thit k ph hp cho vic tch hp vi module o
tn hiu ng h HP Agilent E1740A vi mt my tnh iu khin bn ngoi chy trn
nn Windows, trong giao din ca Windows s ng vai tr thit lp v iu khin
cc tham s.
Ch tiu k thut:
Hin th ph jitter theo FFT cho php pht hin li nhanh.
C kh nng hin th nhiu hnh nh phn tch d liu di nhiu gc
khc nhau.
phn di < 100 ps (gi tr hiu dng).
Di tn s : ln n 150 MHz.
Kch thc b nh: 512K
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
78
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] HNG DN THC HIN TI XY DNG TIU CHUN (p dng
tm thi) V KHOA HC - CNG NGH (8/2007)
[2] R SOT, CHUYN CC TIU CHUN NGNH SANG QUI CHUN K
THUT V TIU CHUN VIT NAM, M s: 95 06 KHKT TC :
R sot Tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-160:1996: Tiu chun cp si quang
Yu cu k thut
R sot Tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-173:1998: Giao din cho cc thit b v
h thng truyn dn SDH Yu cu k thut
R sot Tiu chun ngnh TCN 68 - 139:1995: H thng thng tin cp si
quang - Yu cu k thut
R sot Tiu chun ngnh TCN 68 - 177:1998: H thng thng tin cp
quang v vi ba SDH -Yu cu k thut
[3] R SOT, CHUYN CC TIU CHUN NGNH SANG QUY CHUN

K THUT V TIU CHUN VIT NAM (NHM BO HIU, NG
B), M S: 93-06-KHKT-TC:
R sot tiu chun ngnh 68-163:1997 H thng bo hiu s 7 Yu
cu k thut (phn c s)
R sot tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-163A:1997 H thng bo hiu s 7
Yu cu k thut (phn MTP)
R sot tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-163B:1997 H thng bo hiu s 7
Yu cu k thut (phn ISUP)
R sot tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-172:1998 Giao din kt ni mang
Yu cu k thut
R sot tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-175:1998 Cc giao din in phn
cp s - yu cu k thut
R sot tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-164:1997 Li bt v rung pha ca
cc ng truyn dn s Yu cu k thut v quy trnh o kim
R sot tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-171:1998 ng h ch trong mng
ng b Yu cu k thut
R sot tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-169:1998 H thng bo hiu R2
Yu cu k thut
[4] EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Possible Revision of the Commission Decision
on the minimum set of leased lines ,Brussels, 3 March 2004
[5] COMMISSION DECISION (2003/548/EC) of 24 July 2003 on the minimum
set of leased lines with harmonised characteristics and associated standards
referred to in Article 18 of the Universal Services Directive
[6] S liu v hin trng mng truyn dn ca VTN, 2006.
[7] Quy hoch pht trin vin thng v Internet n nm 2010, Vin chin lc B
Bu chnh Vin thng.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
79
[8] http://www.mtp.gov.vn.
[9] http://www.vnpt.com.vn/service_all.asp?ID=012&Tpe=3
[10] http://www.saigonpostel.com.vn.
[11] http://www.etc.com.vn.
[12] http://www.enet.vn/thuekenh.asp
[13] http://www.vietel.com.vn.
[14] http://ad.hcm.fpt.vn/qc/v/vietteltransmission/
[15] A Comparison of SONET (Synchronous Optical NETwork) and SDH
(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) T1.TR.36-1994 , May 1994

[16] hhelvoort@chello.nl, Overview of SDH and SONET overhead processing
commonalities and differences.

[17] Cisco, Differences Between SONET and SDH Framing in Optical Networks
[18] ETSI, ETR 276, Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Open Network
Provision (ONP) leased lines; Standardization requirements for Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy (SDH) leased lines
[19] Nguyn Minh Dn, V Hong Sn, K thut o trong Thng tin quang, nh
xut bn Bu in, 12-2002.
[20] ti : 078-2004-TCT-TDP-VT-44: Nghin cu xy dng cc bi o kim
ho mng thit b u cui cp quang sdh trn mng vin thng ca tng cng
ty
[21] ti 20-95-KHKT-RD K thut o trong h thng SDH
[22] ti 139-95-KHKT-RD Nghin cu k thut o th v gim st h thng
SDH n 2,5 Gbit/s

[23] ti 146-95-KHKT-TC Qui trnh o th nghim thu tuyn thng tin quang
SDH tc 622 Mbit/s v 2.5 Gbit/s

[24] ti 013-97-TCT-R Nghin cu phng php o nh gi cht lng cc
h thng thit b v tuyn truyn dn quang SDH khi nghim thu v bo

dng
[25] ti 014-2003-TCT-RDP-VT-62 Nghin cu la chn tiu chun ng b
v xy dng cc bi o kim cht lng ng b mng vin thng ca VNPT

[26] Qui trnh o bo dng thit b FLX 150/600
[27] Jose M. Caballero Installation and Maintenance of SDH/SONET, ATM,
xDSL, and Synchroniztion Network, 2003 Artech House.

[28] G.703
interfaces.
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
(4/91) Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital
80
[29] G.707
(3/96) Network node interface for the synchronous digital
hierarchy (SDH).
[30] G.825
(3/93) The control of jitter and wander within digital networks
which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).
[31] G.826
(1996) Error performance parameters and objectives for
international constant bit rate digital paths at or above the primary rate.
[32] G.957
(7/95) Optical interfaces for equipment and systems relating to the
synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).
[33] prETS 300 147
(11/96)
Transmission
and
Multiplexing
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH); Multiplexing structure.
(TM);
[34] ETS 300 166

(1993) Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Physical and
electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces for equipment using
the 2048 kbit/s based plesiochronous or synchronous digital hierarchies.
[35] ETS 300 417-1-1 (1996) Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Generic
functional requirements for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) equipment,
part 1: Generic processes and performance.
functional requirements for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) equipment,
part 2 : Physical section layer functions.
requirements of transport functionality of equipment; Part 3-1: Synchronous
Transport Module-N (STM-N) regenerator and multiplex section layer
functions.
requirements of transport functionality of equipment; Part 4-1: Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy (SDH) path layer functions.
[39] IEC 874-13
(1993) Connectors for optical fibres and cables - part 13:
sectional specification for fibre optic connector - type CF08.
[40] EN 60950 (1992) Safety of information technology equipment including
electrical equipment. .
ti: 95-07-KHKT-TC
81

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B THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

NGHIN CU XY DNG TIU CHUN V CC BI O

ThS. Nguyn Vnh Nam

2.1.5.5 ITU-T M.2110 Ho mng h thng truyn dn, on v lung...................29

A.1 Phng php o cc tham s quang.......................................................................62

NGHIN CU CC TIU CHUN LIN QUAN N CNG NGH SDH

B ghp knh xen-r

Giao thc internet

1. TNH HNH CUNG CP DCH V KNH THU

1.1 Cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng Vit nam: Hin trng

Doanh nghip c cp php hot ng Lnh vc Vin thng

Cng ty c phn vin thng H Ni (Hanoi Telecom)

Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT)

DCH V VIN THNG QUC T

Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT)

DCH V IN THOI VIN THNG NG DI TRONG NC V QUC T

Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT)

Doanh nghip chnh thc cung cp dch v trong lnh vc Internet

Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT)

DOANH NGHIP CHNH THC CUNG CP DCH V TRUY NHP INTERNET

Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam (VNPT)

DOANH NGHIP CHNH THC CUNG CP DCH V NG DNG INTERNET

Cng ty in ton v Truyn s liu (VDC/VNPT)

Pht huy mi ngun ni lc ca t nc kt hp vi hp tc quc t hiu qu m rng,

1.1.2 Thc trng kinh doanh dch v truyn ti Vit nam

1.1.3 Hin trng mng truyn ti quang ng trc v dch v cung cp

Mng cp quang bin quc t 565Mb/s ( Thi lan-Vit nam-Hng kng-TVH )

Tuyn cp quang bin SEA-ME-WE3 dung lng l 10Gb/s

Mng VSAT c trm ch ( HUB ) c thit lp vi hn 50 trm thu bao

Ngoi ra VTI cn c dung lung trn mt s tuyn cp quang bin khc m

Mng truyn dn quc gia do VTN qun l

H thng DWDM ng trc 40G c xy dng trn tuyn cp quang t lin

Sp ti VTN s xy dng h thng DWDM 80G trn tuyn ng trc ny

Mng truyn dn ni tnh

Tng chiu di cc tuyn cp quang ni tnh trong c nc hin nay c khong

1.1.3.2 Cc dch v cung cp trn mng truyn ti quang

Cung cp kt ni c nh: cung cp cc knh kt ni vo mng trong ton b thi

Cung cp kt ni mm: cung cp/gii phng cc kt ni ngay khi c yu cu (thc

VMS: 118,593,473,182 (gn 118 t, 600 triu ng)

Ngn hng NN PTNN: 13,052,859,291 (trn 13 t ng).

+ Cung cp cc kt ni theo tiu chun im- im, im - a im

1.1.4 Hin trng mng truyn ti v dch v cung cp ca Viettel

Kt ni vi v tinh Intelsat c vng ph rng ln: khu vc chu M, chu , chu

1.1.4.2 Cc dch v truyn dn

Telecom, HGC, PCCW...) Vietel c th p ng nhu cu ca khch hng v nhu cu

Bn cnh chng ti c th cung cp cc dch v LL Internet, IXP, cc dch v

* Trin khai nhanh, n gin

Linh hot, c cc chnh sch gi u i i vi cc khch hng ln, c bit

Thi gian x l s s < 3h

Thi gian x l s s < 4h

1.1.5 Hin trng mng truyn ti v dch v cung cp ca EVN

Hnh 1-1 Cu hnh mng truyn dn EVN telecom

c 5 doanh nghip c cp php kinh doanh h tng; hin ch c 3 doanh nghip c

Nhu cu thu knh truyn ti l rt ln do c nhiu doanh nghip tp trung vo khu vc

H thng truyn dn ca cc nh cung cp hin ch yu da theo SDH v c trin

Cc nh cung cp dch v in hnh u yu cu cc u cui kt ni vo mng phi

Hnh 1-2 Cu trc ghp knh theo ITU/ ETSI

2. NGHIN CU CC TIU CHUN LIN QUAN

ETS 300 166

G.805 (11/95), (03/00)

ETS 300 167

G.841 (10/98), Corr1