Maps in Topological Space

International Journal of Computer Application (2250-1797)
Volume 5 No. 3, April 2015
* ,,* - maps in Topological Space

Pauline Mary Helen M, Associate Professor , Nirmala College for Women Coimbator.
Jenifer A,PG Student,Nirmala College for Women, Coimbatore 18.
Abstract
In this paper ,we introduce a new class of functions* -continuous map , continuous
map ,* -continuous map , *-irresolute map , irresolute map ,*-irresolute map in
topological spaces.Also we investigate the relationship between other existing functions
in topological spaces.
Key Words : * -continuous , continuous ,* -continuous , *-irresolute ,
irresolute , *-irresolute functions.
1. INTRODUCTION
Levine [5] introduced the class of generalized closed sets,a super class of closed sets in
1970. S.P.Arya and T.Nour [1] defined gs-closed sets in 1990, Maki et.al defined g closed sets in 1994.Pauline
Mary
HelenM , PonnuthaiSelvaraniS
and
Veronica
Vijayan introducedg**-closed sets , g**-continuous and g**-irresolute maps
in
topological space in 2012. Veerakumar [13] defined g*-closed sets , g*-continuous

and g*-irresolute map in 1996.
Levine [6] , Njasted [10] introduced semi-open sets , pre-open sets and -closed
sets.The complement of a semi-open (resp. pre-open,-open, semi-pre open) set in
1963.Maki, Devi and Balachandran [3] defined associated topologies of generalized
-closed sets and -generalized closed sets in 1994. Maki, Devi and Balachandran
[4] introduced semi generalized closed maps and generalized closed maps in 1993.
2 .PRELIMINARIES
Definition 2.1 :A subset A of a topological space (X,) is called
i.
semi-closed [6] if int [cl(A)] A.

1

ii.
-closed [8]if cl [int(cl(A)] A.
iii.
g-closed [5]if cl(A) U whenever A U and U is open in X.
iv.
gs-closed [4]if scl(A) U whenever A U and U is open in X.
v.
g-closed [3]if cl(A) U whenever A U and U is -open in X.
vi.
sg-closed [4] if scl(A) U whenever A U and U is semi-open in X.
vii.
g-closed [3]if cl(A) U whenever A U and U is open in X.
viii.
g*-closed [13]if cl(A) U whenever A U and U is g-open in X.
ix.
-closed [14]if scl(A) U whenever A U and U is sg-open in X.
x.
g*s-closed [11]if scl(A) U whenever A U and U is gs-open in X.
xi.
s*g-closed [12]if scl(A) U whenever A U and U is semi-open in X.
xii.
*-closed [15] ifscl(A) U whenever A U and U is -open in X.
xiii.
-closed [15] if cl(A) U whenever A U and U is sg-open in X.
xiv.
-closed [15] if cl(A) U whenever A U and U is-open in X.
Definition 2.2 :A function f: (X,) (Y,) is said to be

i.
semi-continuous [6] if f
(V) is a semi- closed subset of (X,) for every
closed set V of (Y,).

ii.
-continuous [8] if f
(V) is a -closed subset of (X,) for every closed
(V) is a g -closed subset of (X,) for every closed
(V) is a gs -closed subset of (X,) for every closed
(V) is a g -closed subset of (X,) for every closed
set V of (Y,).
iii.
g -continuous [5] if f
set V of (Y,).
iv.
gs -continuous [4] if f
set V of (Y,).
v.
g -continuous [3]if f
set V of (Y,).
vi.
sg -continuous [4]if f
(V) is a sg -closed subset of (X,) for every closed
set V of (Y,).
vii.
g -continuous [3] if f
(V) is a g -closed subset of (X,) for every

viii.
g* -continuous [13] if f
(V) is a g* -closed subset of (X,) for every

2

ix.
-continuous [14] if f
(V) is a -closed subset of (X,) for every closed
set V of (Y,).
x.
g*s -continuous [11] if f
(V) is a g*s -closed subset of (X,) for every

xi.
s*g -continuous [12]if f
(V) is a s*g -closed subset of (X,) for every

3 .* -continuous , continuous ,* -continuous, * -irresolute , irresolute ,
*-irresolute functions
We introduce the following definitions.
Definition 3.1 :A function f: (X,) (Y,) is said to be a *- continuous map if
f 1(V) is a *- closed subset of (X,) for every closed set V of (Y,).
Definition 3.2 : A function f : (X,) (Y,) is said be a -continuous map if
f 1(V) is a - closed subset of (X,) for every closed set V of (Y,).
Definition 3.3 : A function f : (X,) (Y,) is said to be a * -continuous map if
f 1(V) is a *-closed subset of (X,) for every closed set V of (Y,).
Definition 3.4 : A function f: (X,) (Y,) is said to be a *-irresolute map if
f 1(V) is a *-closed subset of (X,) for every * closed set V of (Y,).
Definition 3.5 : A function f: (X,) (Y,) is said to be a -irresolute map if
f 1(V) is a-closed subset of (X,) for every -closed set V of (Y,).
Definition 3 .6: A function f : (X,) (Y,) is said to be a *-irresolute map if
f 1(V) is a -closed subset of (X,) for every * -closed set V of (Y,).
Theorem 3.7 : Every continuous map is - continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be continuous. Let V be a closed subset of (Y,). Since
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f is continuous ,f- 1 (V) is closed in (X,). But every closed set is - closed. f- 1 (V)
is - closed. Hence f is - continuous.
Remark 3.8 :The converse is not true and is proved in the following example.
Example 3.9 : Let X = Y= {a,b,c} , = , X, {a,b} and = , Y , {a},{a,b}.
Let f : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f(a) = a ; f(b) = b ; f(c) = c.
f 1 ({b,c}) = {b,c} ; f - 1 ({c}) = {c} are -closed in (X,).
Butf - 1 ({b,c}) = {b,c} is not closed in (X,).Therefore f is -continuous but not
continuous.
Theorem 3.10 : Every continuous function is -continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y, ) be continuous . Let V be a closed subset of (Y,).Since
f is continuous , f- 1 (V) is closed in (X,). But every closed set is -closed set.
Therefore f- 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).Hence f is -continuous.
Remark 3 .11 : The converse of the above theorem need not be true and is shown in the
following example.
Example 3.12 :Let X = Y= {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a,c} and = ,Y,{a}.
Let f : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f(a) = a ; f(b) = b ; f(c) = c
f 1 ({b,c}) = {b,c} are -closed in (X,). Butf - 1 ({ b,c}) = {b,c} is not closed in
(X,).Therefore f is -continuous but not continuous.
Theorem 3.13 : Every continuous function is *-continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be continuous. Let V be a closed subset of (Y,).Since
f is continuous ,f- 1 (V) is closed in (X,).But every closed set is* -closed .Therefore f 1
(V) is *- closed in (X,).Hence f is *-continuous.
Remark 3.14 : The following example supports that the converse of the above.

Example 3.15 : Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , =,X,{a,b} and =,Y {a},{a,b}

Let f : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f(a) = a ; f(b) = b ; f(c) = c.
f 1 ({b,c}) = {b,c} ; f - 1({c}) = {c} are *-closed in (X,). But f - 1 ({b,c}) = {b,c} is
not closed in (X,). Therefore f is *-continuous but not continuous.
Theorem 3.16 : Every *-irresolute map is *-continuous.
Proof: Let f: (X,) (Y,) be - irresolute.Let V be a closed subset of (Y,). Since
every closed set is - closed ,V is -closed in (Y,).Since f is - irresolute ,f- 1
(V) is - closed in (X,). Hence for every closed set V in (Y,) , f- 1 (V) is closed in (X,).Hence f is - continuous.
Remark 3.17 : The converse of the above theorem need not be true as seen in the
following example.
Example 3.18 : Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a},{a,b} and = ,Y,{a,b}.
Letf: (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ;f (c) = c .
f 1 ({c}) = {c} is closed in (X,).Therefore f is -continuous.
But f- 1 ({a,c}) = {a,c} is not -closed in (X,).Therefore f is -continuous but not
-irresolute.
Theorem 3.19 : Every-irresolute map is -continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be - irresolute.Let V be a closed subset of (Y,).Since
every closed set is - closed, V is - closed in (Y,).Since f is - irresolute,f - 1 (V)
is - closed in (X,).Hence for every closed set V in (Y,) ,
f- 1 (V) is - closed in (X,). Hence f is - continuous.
Remark 3.20: Converse of the above theorem need not be true and is shown below.
Example 3.21 : Let X = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a},{a,b} and = ,Y,{a,b}.

Let f : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f(a) = a ;f (b) = b ;f (c) = c.

f 1 ({c}) = {c} is_ closed in (X,).Therefore f is -continuous.
But f- 1 ({a,c}) = {a,c} is not -closed in (X,).Therefore f is -continuous but not
-irresolute.
Theorem 3.22 :Every -irresolute map is -continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be *- irresolute. Let V be a closed subset of (Y,).
Since every closed set is - closed, V is *- closed in (Y,).Since f is irresolute ,f- 1 (V) is *-closed in (X,). Hence for every closed set V in
(Y,) ,
f - 1 (V) is *- closed in (X,).Hence f is - continuous.

Remark 3 .23 : Converse is not true and is proved in the following example.
Example 3.24 : Let X = Y= {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a,c} and =,Y,{a}.
Let f : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ;f (c) = c
f 1 ({b,c}) = {b,c} is*- closed in (X,).Therefore f is *-continuous.
Butf- 1 ({a,c}) = {a,c} is not *-closed in (X,).Therefore f is *-continuous but
not*-irresolute.
Theorem 3.25 :Every -irresolute map is *-continuous.
Proof: Let f: (X,) (Y,) be - irresolute .Let V be a closed subset of (Y,).Since
every closed set is closed , V is- closed in (Y,).Since f is- irresolute ,f - 1 (V)
is -closed in (X,).Hence for every closed set V in (Y,) ,
f- 1 (V) is *- closed in (X,).Hence f is *- continuous.
Remark 3.26 :Converse is not true and is proved in the following example.
Example 3.27 :X = Y = {a,b,c} , = , X, a , {a, b} and = ,Y,{a,b}.

Let f: (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ;f (c) = c .

f 1 ({c}) = {c} is *- closed in (X,).Therefore fis *-continuous.
But f- 1 ({a,c}) = {a,c} is not -closed in (X,).Thereforef is *-continuous but not
-irresolute.
Theorem 3.28 : Every g*s- continuous map is *- continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be g*s - continuous. Let V be a closed subset of
(Y,).Since f is g*s - continuous , f - 1 (V) is g*s - closed in (X,).But every g*s closed set is *-closed. f 1 (V) is*-closed in (X,).Hence f is *- continuous.
Remark 3.29 : Converse is not true and is proved in the following example.
Eample 3.30 :Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a,}{b,c}, and = ,Y,{c}.
Let f : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ;f (c) = c .
f 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b} is *- closed in (X,).Therefore fis *-continuous.
But f
-1
({a,b}) = {a,b} is not g*s closed in (X,). Therefore f is *-continuous but
not g*s -continuous.

Theorem 3.31 : Every - continuous map is *- continuous.
Proof: Let f: (X,) (Y,) be - continuous.Let V be a closed subset of (Y,).Since
f is - continuous , f- 1 (V) is - closed in (X,) .But every - closed set is *closed. f - 1 (V) is *- closed in (X,).Hence f is *-continuous.
Remark 3.32 : In the following example it is shown that the converse of the above
theorem is not true in general.
Example 3.33 : Let X = Y= {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a,},{b,c} and = ,Y,{b,c},{c}.
Let f : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ; f (b) = b ;f (c) = c.

f 1 ({a}) = {a} ;f- 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b} is *- closed in (X,).Therefore f is -continuous

. But f 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b} is not -closed in (X,). Therefore f is *-continuous but
not -continuous.
Theorem 3.34 : Every - continuous map is sg- continuous.
Proof: Let f: (X,) (Y,) be - continuous. Let V be a closed subset of (Y,). Since
f is - continuous , f - 1 (V) is - closed in (X,) .But every - closed set is sgclosed. f - 1 (V) is sg - closed in (X,).Hence f is sg-continuous.
Remark 3.35 : Converse of the above theorem need not be true and is shown below.
Example 3.36 : Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a,}{b,c} and = ,Y,{b,c},{c}.
Letf : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ;f (c) = c
f 1 ({a}) = {a} ;f- 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b} are sgclosed in (X,).Therefore fis
sg-continuous.But f- 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b} is not -closed in (X,).Therefore f is
sg -continuous but not -continuous.
Theorem 3.37 : Every - continuous map is g - continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be - continuous. Let V be a closed subset of (Y,).
Since f is - continuous , f- 1 (V) is-closed in (X,) .But every - closed set is gclosed. f- 1 (V) is g - closed in (X,). Hence f is g-continuous.
Example 3.39 : Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a,},{a,c} and = ,Y,{c}.
Letf: (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ;f (c) = c. f - 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b}
is g- closed in (X,).Therefore f is g continuous. But f - 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b} is not
-closed in (X,).Therefore f is g -continuous but not -continuous.
Theorem 3.40 : Every - continuous map is gs- continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be - continuous.Let V be a closed subset in (Y,).
8

Since f is - continuous , f- 1 (V) is - closed in (X,).But every - closed set is gsclosed. f - 1 (V) is gs - closed in (X,).Hence f is gs-continuous.
Example 3.42 : Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a,},{a,c} and =,Y,{c}.
Letf: (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ;f (c) = c .
f 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b} is gs closed in (X,).But f - 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b} is not -closed in
(X,).Therefore f is gs-continuous but not -continuous.
Theorem 3.43 : Every - continuous map is g- continuous.
Proof:Letf : (X,) (Y,) be - continuous.Let V be a closed subset of (Y,).Since f
is - continuous , f - 1 (V) is - closed in (X,) .But every - closed set is g
closed. f- 1 (V) is g - closed in (X,).Hence f is g -continuous.
Example 3.45 : Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a},{a,b} and = ,Y ,{b}
Letf : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ;f (c) = c
f 1 ({a,c}) = {a,c} is g - closed in (X,).But f - 1 ({a,c}) = {a,c} is not -closed in
(X,).Therefore f is g -continuous but not -continuous.
Theorem 3.46 : Every - continuous map is s*g - continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be - continuous.Let V be a closed subset of (Y,).Since
f is - continuous , f 1 (V) is - closed in (X,).But every - closed set is s*g
closed. f - 1 (V) is s*g -closed in (X,).Hence f is s*gcontinuous.
Example 3.48 : Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a},{b,c} and = ,Y ,{b}.
Let f : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ; f (b) = b ;f (c) = c

f 1 ({a,c}) = {a,c} is s*g closed in (X,).But f- 1 ({a,c}) = {a,c} is not -closed

in (X,). Therefore f is s*g -continuous but not -continuous.
Theorem 3.49 : Every - continuous map is - continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be - continuous.Let V be a closed subset of
(Y,).Since f is - continuous , f- 1 (V) is - closed in (X,) .But every - closed
set is closed. f - 1 (V) is - closed in (X,).Hence f is continuous.
Example 3.51: Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a},{a,b} and = ,Y ,{a,c}
Letf: (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ; f (c) = c
f 1 ({b}) = {b} is - closed in (X,).But f- 1 ({b} ) = {b} is not -closed in
(X,).Therefore f is -continuous but not -continuous.
Theorem 3.52 : Every - continuous map is - continuous.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be - continuous .Let V be a closed set of (Y,).Since f
is - continuous ,f 1(V) is - closed in (X,).But every - closed set is closed. f 1(V) is - closed in (X,).Hence f is - continuous.
Example 3.54 : Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a},{a,c} and = ,Y,{c}.
Letf : (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ; f (c) = c
f 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b} is - closed in (X,).But f- 1 ({a,b}) = {a,b} is not -closed
in (X,). Therefore f is -continuous but not -continuous.
Theorem 3.55 : Every - continuous map is gs - continuous.
Proof: Let f: (X,) (Y,) be - continuous .Let V be a closed subset of (Y,).
10

Since f is - continuous , f- 1 (V) is - closed in (X,) .But every - closed set

is gs-closed. f - 1 (V) is gs -closed in (X,).Hence f is gs-continuous.
Example 3.57 : Let X = Y = {a,b,c} , = ,X,{a},{a,b} and = ,Y ,{a,c}.
Let f: (X,) (Y,) be the identity map f (a) = a ;f (b) = b ;f (c) = c
f 1 ({b}) = {b} is gs-closed in (X,).But f - 1 ({b}) = { b} is not -closed in
(X,).Therefore f is gs -continuous but not -continuous.
From the above results, we have the following diagram.
-continuous
-continuous
-continuous
s*g-continuous
-continuous
*-continuous
gs-continuous
continuous
g-continuous
g*s-continuous
B) represents
where AB (resp.A
A implies B but not conversely (resp.A and B are
independent)
11

Theorem 3.58 Let f : (X,) (Y,) and g : (Y,) (Z,) be any two functions,
then (i) g f is *-continous if g is continuous and f is * -irresolute.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be * -irresolute and g : (Y,) (Z,) be continuous.
Let V be a closed subset in (Z,) .Since g is continuous ,g 1 (V) is closed in
(Y,).But every closed set is * -closed. g 1 (V) is *-closed in (Y,).Since f is
* -irresolute , 1 [ g 1 (V) ] is *-closed in (X,).Therefore [ g f ] 1 (V) is * closed in (X,).Hence for every closed set in (Z,) , [ g f ] 1 (V) is *-closed in
(X,).Therefore g f is *-continuous.
Theorem 3.59 : Let f : (X,) (Y,) and g : (Y,) (Z,) be any two functions,
then (i) g f is - continous if g is continuous and f is -irresolute.
Proof:Let f : (X,) (Y,) be -irresolute and g : (Y,) (Z,) be continuous.Let
V be a closed subset in (Z,) . Since every closed set is -closed ,g 1 (V) is -closed
in (Z,).Since g is continuous ,g 1 (V) is closed in (Y,).Since f is irresolute, 1 [ g 1 (V) ] is -closed in (X,).Hence for every closed set V in (Z,)
, [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).Therefore g f is -continuous.
Theorem 3.60 : Let f: (X,) (Y,) and g : (Y,) (Z,) be any two functions,
then (i) g f is - continous if g is continuous and f is -irresolute.
Proof:Let f: (X,) (Y,) be -irresolute and g : (Y,) (Z,) be
continuous.Let V be a closed subset in (Z,) and since every closed set is -closed,g 1
(V) is -closed in (Z,).Since g is continuous ,g 1 (V) is - closed in (Y,).
g 1 (V) is -closed in (Y,).Since f is -irresolute,
[ g 1 (V) ] is -
closed in (X,).Therefore [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).Hence for every closed

set in (Z,) , [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).Therefore g f is -continuous.
then (i) g f is *-irresolute if both f and g are *- irresolute.
12

Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be -irresolute and g : (Y,) (Z,) be

continuous.Let V be a - closed subset in (Z,).Since g : (Y,) (Z,) is irresolute , g 1 (V) is -closed in (Y,).Since f : (X,) (Y,) be irresolute,then 1 [ g 1 (V) ] is -closed in (X,).Therefore [ g f ] 1 (V) is
-closed in (X,).Hence for every - closed set in (Z,) , [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in
(X,).Therefore g f is -irresoiute.
Theorem 3.62 :Let f: (X,) (Y,) and g : (Y,) (Z,) be any two functions, then
(i) g f is -irresolute if both f and g are -irresolute.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be irresolute and g : (Y,) (Z,) be
continuous.Let V be a - closed subset in (Z,).Since g : (Y,) (Z,) is irresolute ,g 1 (V) is -closed in (Y,).Since f: (X,) (Y,) be irresolute
,then 1 [ g 1 (V) ] is closed in (X,).Therefore [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in
(X,).Hence for every - closed set in (Z,) , [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).
Therefore g f is -irresolute.
Theorem3.63 : Let f : (X,) (Y,) and g : (Y,) (Z,) be any two functions,
then (i) g f is irresolute if both f and g are - irresolute.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be -irresolute and g : (Y,) (Z,) be continuous.
Let V be a - closed subset in (Z,).Since g : (Y,) (Z,) is -irresolute ,g 1
(V) is -closed in (Y,).Since f : (X,) (Y,) be -irresolute ,then 1 [ g 1
(V) ] is -closed in (X,).Therefore [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).Hence for
every - closed set in (Z,) , [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).Therefore g f is
-irresolute.
Theorem 3.64 : Let f: (X,) (Y,) and g : (Y,) (Z,) be any two functions, then
(i) g f is *-continuous if g is *- continuous and f is *-irresolute.
13

Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be -irresolute and g : (Y,) (Z,) be continuous.Let V be a - closed subset in (Z,).Since g : (Y,) (Z,) is
-continuous ,g 1 (V) is -closed in (Y,).Moreover f : (X,) (Y,) be
-irresolute ,implies 1 [ g 1 (V) ] is -closed in (X,).Therefore
[ g f ] 1 (V) = 1 [ g 1 (V) ] is -closed in (X,).Hence for every closed set V of
(Z,), [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).Therefore g f is -continuous.
then (i) g f is -continuous if g is -continuous and f is -irresolute.
Proof: Let f: (X,) (Y,) be -irresolute and g : (Y,) (Z,) be -continuous.
Let V be a - closed subset in (Z,).Since g : (Y,) (Z,) is -continuous ,g 1
(V) is-closed in (Y,). Also f : (X,) (Y,) be irresolute,implies 1 [ g 1
(V) ] is -closed in (X,). Therefore [ g f ] 1 (V) is closed in (X,).Hence for
every closed V in (Z,) , [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).Therefore g f is continuous.
Theorem 3.66 : Let f : (X,) (Y,) and g : (Y,) (Z,) be any two functions ,
then (i) g f is - continous if g is -continuous and f is - irresolute.
Proof: Let f : (X,) (Y,) be -irresolute and g : (Y,) (Z,) be - continous
.Let V be a closed subset in (Z,) .Since g is - continuous ,g 1 (V) is - closed in
(Y,).Since g 1 (V) is -closed in (Y,).Since f is -irresolute , 1 [ g 1 (V) ] is
-closed in (X,).Therefore [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).Hence for every
closed set V in (Z,) , [ g f ] 1 (V) is -closed in (X,).Therefore g f is continuous.
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Maps in Topological Space

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International Journal of Computer Application (2250-1797)

Volume 5 No. 3, April 2015