| upc 678.5/.8:6204:
DIN 53479 7b MM 2794444 0018374 &b mm |
DEUTSCHE NORMEN
31.754/.755
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Testing of Plastics and Elastomers
Determination of Density
Prafung von Kunststoffon und Elastomeren; Bestimmung der Dichte
For connection with the Recommendation ISO/R 1183-1970 issued by the International Organization for Standard-
ization (ISO), soo Explanations.
1 Purpose and application
‘The methods given in this Standard are used for deter-
mining the density of plastics, elastomers and products
made from these; It does not however cover eallular
materials 1).
‘Tho density is a property that ean be determined quickly
and used for detecting physical and/or chemical changos
in plastics and elastomers. A density determination is
often carried out for monitoring the manufacture and
processing of plastics and elastomers
Which of the methods given below is chosen for det
mining density depends on the type of material, the shape
‘and size of the specimen and the requirements regarding
repeatability and reproducibility of the results according
to DIN 61848 Part 1.
Method A
Determination of density by the immersion method
Examples of application: Half-inished products and
ished parts (e.. sheets, rods, tubes ete.)
‘Method B
Determination of density with the pyenometer
Examples of application: Moulding materials) (granules
and powder).
‘Method
Determination of density by the sink-float method
Examples of application: Half-finished products,
parts and granules.
ished
Method D
Determination of donsity by the density gradient method
Examples of application: Half-finished products, finished
parts and granules.
Mota: Determination of density by caleulation of the
volume from the dimensions and weighing the specimen
1 stipulated in DIN 53.420,
2. Definition)
‘Tho density 9 of a material is the quotient of the
‘mass m divided by the volume V.
eye
Sanit: ko/im?
Normal unit: g/m?
3. Manufacture and shape of specimens
3.1 Methods A, C and D
‘Specimens are taken from half-finished products and
finished parts. Care should be taken to ensure that no
‘change in density caused by compression stresses occurs
when the specimens are cut out, The surfaces af spet
mens shall be smooth and frae from cavities so as to pre
vent air bubbles being entrapped on them when the spec
‘men is immersed in the test liquid)
With methods C and D, moulding materials in the form
Of granules are measured in the "as-delivered” condition.
‘Tho dimensions of specimens for determination of density
by method D must be chosen to permit accurate measure-
ment of the height of the contre of the volume.
32 Method B
Polymerizates and moulding materials in the form of
powders and granules are measured in the "asdelivered'*
condition.
4 Number of specimens
‘The density shall be determined on 8 specimens, using
‘the same method.
5 Pretreatment of specimens
Untess othorwiso proscribed, specimens shall be tested in
the “assdelivered” condition.
6 Test liquid
‘Tho tost liquids used for determination of density must
not cause the speciman to swell
dissolved. When testing materials of unknown compo-
sition, a test liquid shal first of all be found that meets
‘these requirements within the period of the test. The
‘est liquid shall be agreed and stated in the test report.
Wo te: If necessary, the spocimen for determination of
density according to methods A, B or Ca liquid-tight
coating of a material of known density, eg. parattin wax,
‘has to be applied. Tho mass and density of this coating
‘shall be taken into account when calculating the density.
Ty For determination of grossdensity of cellular materials,
see DIN 3.420
2) For definition moulding material, see DIN 7708 Partt
3) See DIN 1308
Continued on pages 2 t0 4
Explanations on page &
‘Niinvertaut dor Naren rch Gouth Vorlag Gm Borin 30 una Kain T o
09.78 .
DIN 63479 ongl. Prelsgr. 6
Verte, 0108SDIN 53479 76 MM 2794446 0018375 8 mm |
Page 2. DIN 63479
7. Test temperature
‘The temporature of the test liquid for determination of
density by the methods given in this Standard shall be
(200.1) °C or (23 *0.1) °C,
If an accuracy of a result to within three significant figures
Is adequate, the testing can be carried out with the tost
liquid at a temperature of (20% 1) °C or (23 * 1) °C.
Care should be taken, however, that the requirements
conceming repeatability and reproducibility will not then.
bbe complied with,
Note: The density isin all cases determined at the
calibration temperature given on the apparatuses usod.
8 Determinations
8.1 Method A:
Determination of density by the immersion method
8.1.1 Apporatuses 4)
Balance with an error limit of 0.0004 9.
Donsity hydrometor with scale graduations of 0.0008 g/oms
according to DIN 12781.
8.1.2" Test modia
FoF other suitable liquid, which may con-
tain up to 0.4 % wetting agent for removal of air bubbles.
8.1.3 Procedure
‘The spocimen is weighed suspended with a thin wire
(diameter: maximum 0.126 mm) (m4), and then im=
morsed in the test liquid and again weighed (mg). Care
should be taken to ensure that no air bubbles adhere to
the speclie
‘Tho donsity of the test liquid gy Is determined with @
density hydrometer, and shouid be checked before each
measurement.
Note: If the specimen has @ lower density than the
test liquid, a sinker, 0.9. a lead weight, should be attached
With the specimen to a thin wire and immersed in the
test liquid and both weighed together. The mass of the
sinker when weighed In air and in the test liquid must be
deducted from masses my and ma. The displacement
produced by the sinker must be taken into account.
8.1.4 Evaluation
The density g in g/amS is calculated from the following
Wher
‘my Mass in g of the specimen weighed in air
‘mz. Mass in g of the spocimen, less the mass of the dis-
placed liquid (weighing of specimen in liquid)
F- Density of the test liquid in g/cm?
Repeatability: 0.002 g/ems
Reproducibility: 0.004 g/em3
8.2. Method
Determination of donsity with the pyenometer
8.2.1 Apparatuses4)
Balance with an error limit of 0.0001 9
Pycnometer, calibrated according to DIN 12797
Test liquid:
Distilled wator or other suitable liquid, which may con-
tain up to 0.1 % wetting agent for removal of air bubbles
‘and whose density is less than that of the specimen,
8.2.3. Procedure
‘The empty pycnometer, after cleaning and drying, is
weighed (m}, and the specimen then inserted and a
further weighing carried out (mp). The pyenometor, with
‘the specimen, is then filled to the elrcular measuring mark
with the test liquid and again weighed (mg). The pyeno-
‘meter is then emptied and cleaned, filled with the test
liquid up to the circular measuring mark and weighed (rip).
Note: In arbitration cases, it is recommended that,