TI NHM 2: Tch hn hp 2 mui KCl v MgCl2 ( 70%- 30%)

1.Tm hiu chung v KCl v MgCl2

1.1KCl
-KCl tn gi l kali clorua
-C dng bt mu trng, khng mi,v mn, tan d dng trong nc, nhit nng
chy 770C, tan trong glycerol,kim, t tan trong ru, khng bt la v tng i
n nh nhit thng.
-Cu trc tinh th kali clorua l cu trc lp phng tm mt.
ng dng ca KCl:
-Trong sn xut thc phm: lm cht n nh b mt thc phm ng nht,phn tn
ng u.
-B sung khong cht cn thit cho hot ng c th l ion K+ di dng mui
KCl
-Trong cng ngh x l nc:
-Lc sch nc thi nh my, nc sinh hot, nc b bi, loi b kim loi nng,
hp cht lu hunh, lm mm nc cng,lm cht keo t bi bn l lng trong
nc, dit khun v st trng nc.
-To mi trng sng sch, khe mnh hn cho cc ng vt thy sinh nh
tm,cc cua,ln.
-Trong y dc: bo ch thuc v thuc tim nhm iu tr bnh thiu kali mu.
-Sn xut phn bn.

2.2 MgCl2
- MgCl2 tn gi l magie clorua
- Dng khan MgCl2 l nhng tinh th lp phng.
- Nhit nng chy l 1370C, l mt cht ht m mnh, d tan trong nc v
etanol.
- Khi cht ny tan trong nc to mt s hydrat, bn nht l MgCl2.6H2O. Dng
ngm nc ny kt tinh t dung dch nhit thng, khi un nng mt dn
nc, n 1195C to thnh MgCl2
- ng dng:

Dng iu ch magie kim loi, lm vt liu chu la, xi mng magie.

Trong y hc: dng lm thuc nhun trng

2. Gian KCl-MgCl2-H2O
2.1 Bang s li u
Hm lng pha lng, % khi lng
Pha rn cn bng
KCl
MgCl2
Nhi t 25C
26,4
0,0
KCl
3,4
26,9
KCl+KCl.MgCl2.6H2O
0,1
35,6
KCl.MgCl2.6H2O+MgCl2.6H2O
0,0
35,6
MgCl2.6H2O
Nhi t 100C
35,9
0,0
KCl
6,4
31,3
KCl+KCl.MgCl2.6H2O
0,5
42
KCl.MgCl2.6H2O+MgCl2.6H2O
0,0
42,2
MgCl2.6H2O
26,8
34,3
Thnh phn KCl.MgCl2.6H2O
46,9
Thnh phn KCl.MgCl2.6H2O

2.2 Gian

Gin tan trong h KCl- MgCl2- H2O 25OC v 100 O

3

3. Quy trnh tch mui

Mui rn X
H ti 1
100 oC

Rn B

Dung dch L1

Dung dch E3

H ti 2
25 0C
Dung dch E2

Rn D
1000C

Rn Ck

Rn C

H ti 3

Dung dch E4

Nc

Hnh 3.1. S tch mui t h c thnh phn KCl- MgCl2 ( 70%- 30%)

Thuyt minh s :
Ban u c lng hn hp mui rn c thnh phn KCl- MgCl 2 ( 70%- 30%)
c biu din ti im h X.
Ha tan mui rn trn vi dung dch mui cha bo ha thnh phn c biu
din im L1 ti 100oC thu c dung dch c thnh phn biu din ti im 1
nm trn ng BE3. H ti im 1 lc tch thu c mui B, nc lc l dung
dch bo ha mui B v mui kp D c thnh phn biu din ti E3.
Dung dch ti im E3 cho bay hi nc 100oC v h nhit xung 25oC cho
n khi h dch chuyn n im 2. Dung dch ti 2 lc tch mui kp D v thu
dung dch nc lc biu din ti E2.
Ti E2 gia nhit n 100oC v cho bay hi nc n khi h dch chuyn n im
3 nm trn ng E4Ck. Dung dch ti im 3 lc thu c mui rn C k v dung
dch nc lc biu din ti E4. Mui rn Ck cho bay hi hon ton thu c mui C
khan.
Ti to dung dch ti L1: em dung dch nc lc E4 thu trn thm vo lng
mui kp D v nc thu c dung dch L1.
Lp li qu trnh trn.
4.Tinh ton
100C : 100 kg hn hp 2 mui cha 70kg KCl v 30kg MgCl 2 ha tr n vi 139,3
kg dung dch L1 cha 2 mui KCl v MgCl2 nng 7,78% KCl v 16,51% MgCl2
tng ng :

139,3
mKCl =

7,78
10,84(kg )
100

139,3
mMgCl2 =
mH2O =

16,51
22,99(kg )
100

139,3 22,99 10,84 105, 47( kg )

H ti im 1 cha :
mKCl = 70 + 10,84 = 80,84(kg)
mMgCl2 = 30 + 22,99 = 52,99(kg)
mH2O =105,47(kg)
m1 = 239,30(kg)
H ti 1 tch ra mui rn KCl v dung dch bo ha E3 ( 6,4% KCl , 31,3% MgCl2)
Nc chi nm trong dung dch E3 nn :
mE3 =

mH 2O
%H2O

105,47
1006,431,3

x 100 = 169,3(kg)

mKCl tch ra = m1 - mE3 = 239,3 -169,3 = 70 (kg)

Dung dch E3 bay hi v h nhi t t 100 C xung 25 C c h ti im 2 c
thnh phn 7,21%KCl, 35,26%MgCl2 tng ng vi mKCl=10,84 (kg),
mMgCl2= 52,99(kg)

m2 =

mKCl
100
%KCl

10,84
100 150,34(kg )
7,21

Lng nc bay hi h chuyn t E3 sang 2 l :

mH2O bay hi = mE3 - m2 = 169,3-150,34 =18,96(kg)
H ti 2 25C tch ra mui kp D rn v dung dch E2 ta c h phng trnh bo
ton khi lng 2 mui KCl v MgCl2

mKCl ( 2 ) =mKCL ( D ) +mKCl ( E 2 )

mMgCl 2 ( 2 )=mMgCl 2( D)+ mKCl( E 2)


mD +0,001 mE 2
{10.84=0,268
52,99=0.343 mD+ 0.356 mE 2 }

2=110,29 kg
{mEmD=40,02kg
}

Dung dch ti E2 cha 0,1% KCl v 35,6%MgCl2

tng ng vi mKCl = 0,001* m E2 =0.11 kg
mMgCl 2 = 0,356* mE1 =39,26 kg
em dung dch E2 nng ln 100OC cho bay hi nc n im 3 c thnh phn:
0,13%KCl . 45,572 %MgCl2
mMgCl 2100
m3 =
%MgCl2

39,26100
=86,15 kg
45,57

H t E3 n im 3 cn bay hi m H2O bay hi =110,29-86,15 = 24,14 kg

H ti 3 100 0C tch ra mui rn CK(MgCl 2.6H2O) v dung dch E4: do mui
KCl chi c trong dung dch E4 nn
mE4 =

m KCl
0,11100
100
=
%KCl
0,5

= 22,0 Kg

mCK = m3 mE4 =86,15-22,00=64,15 kg

bay hi ton b nc trong Ck thu c mui rn MgCl2
%MgCl2
mMgCl2 =m CK *
100

46,9
=64,09* 100

=30,0 kg

Ti to li dung dch L1:

trn 22Kg dung dch E4 vi 40,02 Kg mui kp D v 77,28 Kg H2O thu

mKCl=0,11+40,020,268=10,84

c 139,3kg dung dch L1 cha: mMgCl 2=22,00,42+40,020,343=22,97

%KCl= 7,78%

% MgCl2= 16,51%