The map surface of mainland Asia is entirely contained within a Geodetic quadrangle formed from segments

of latitude going through its north and south extremes and segments of longitude passing through the east and
west extremes. Cape Chelyuskin is at 77 43 N; Cape Piai in the Malay Peninsula is at 1 16 N; Cape
Baba in Turkey is at 26 4 E; Cape Dezhnyov is at 169 40 W; that is, mainland Asia ranges through about 77
of latitude and 195 of longitude,[5] distances of about 8,560 km (5,320 mi) long by 9,600 km (6,000 mi) wide
according to Chambers, or 8,700 km (5,400 mi) long by 9,700 km (6,000 mi) wide according to Pearson's.
Indonesia to the southeast, a nation consisting of thousands of islands, adds a significant amount of territory to
mainland Asia and extends the extreme Asian latitude further south. The geographic nature of the country raises
such questions as whether the sea and the seabed count as Asia. The AustraliaIndonesia border is still being
negotiated. Currently a 1997 treaty remains unratified. As there are questions of fishing rights in the waters and
mineral rights in the seabed, two different boundaries are being negotiated, one for the water column and one for
the seabed. The southernmost seabed boundary is 10 50' S, the latitude of Point A3, the Australia, Indonesia
and Papua lokesh New Guinea common tripoint. The southernmost water column boundary is still further south
at Point Z88, 13 56' 31.8".