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LI CM N........................................................................................................ 3
LI M U........................................................................................................ 4
CHNG 1: C S L THUYT QU TRNH NGHIN..............................................5
1.1 Cc khi nim c bn........................................................................................ 5
1.2 Tnh cht vt l............................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 bn.................................................................................................... 6
1.2.2 cng.................................................................................................. 6
1.2.3 gin................................................................................................... 7
1.2.4 mi mn............................................................................................ 7
1.2.5 Khi lng ring....................................................................................... 7
1.3 Cc nh lut nghin [1, 8]................................................................................. 7
1.3.1. nh lut Nghin b mt............................................................................7
1.3.2 nh lut Nghin th tch............................................................................9
1.4 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh nghin [8]......................................................12
1.4.1 nh hng ca c tnh vt liu..................................................................12
1.4.2 nh hng ca m n qa trnh nghin.................................................12
1.4.3. nh hng ca tnh bm dnh..................................................................13
1.4.4 nh hng ca cng........................................................................... 13
1.4.5 nh hng ca hnh dng v kch thc vt liu...........................................13
1.5 Cc loi my nghin [1, 8 ]............................................................................... 13
1.5.1 My nghin bi........................................................................................ 13
1.5.2 My nghin trc [8]................................................................................. 19
1.5.3 My nghin xa lun [8]............................................................................ 21
1.5.4 My nghin ng bnh ln [1,8]................................................................24
1.6. La chn my nghin thch hp........................................................................30
CHNG 2: TNH CNG NGH MY NGHIN CON LN.........................................33
2.1 Thng s ban u........................................................................................... 33
2.2 Tnh ton ng knh bnh nghin.....................................................................33
2.3 Tnh ton ng knh mm nghin v b dy bnh nghin........................................35
SVTH: Nguyn Quang Ha K57
trang 1
N CHUYN NGNH
trang 2
N CHUYN NGNH
LI CM N
Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti thy TS. Nguyn ng Bnh Thnh
tn tnh hng dn em hon thnh n ny. Thy nhit tnh hng dn cc
bc tnh ton, cung cp ti liu tham kho, sa li cho em.
Do kin thc v kinh nghim c hn nn n tnh ton my nghin con ln
ny ca em cn nhiu thiu st, rt mong c thy c xem xt v gp . Em xin
chn thnh cm n!
trang 3
N CHUYN NGNH
LI M U
H thng kh ha than Shell l tri tim ca nh my m Ninh Bnh. Vi
cng ngh ny, nh my gp phn khng nh vo vic gia tng hiu qu v tit
kim ngun ti nguyn than, tit kim nng lng cng nh gim thiu pht thi
gy nhim mi trng; cung cp cho nhu cu xut khu, tiu th trong nc cc
mt hng phn bn, ha cht c cht lng cao. Kh ha than l phng php ton
din v sch nht chuyn ha than, ngun nguyn liu r v sn c nhiu ni
trn th gii thnh cc nguyn liu ha cht quan trng, cc dng nng lng nh
nhit nng, in nng.V vy yu cu v than nguyn liu vo l kh ha l rt cao.
Than dng l than cm 4A phi t yu cu cht lng v kch thc ht,
ng u, m
Vy t c cht lng than nh yu cu, cng on nghin than cc k
quan trng, n quyt nh n cht lng ca than. V my nghin con ln c
s dng nghin than trong cng on ny. Chnh v vy thy TS. Nguyn ng
Bnh Thnh hng dn em lm n tnh ton my nghin con ln nh my
m Ninh Bnh.
trang 4
N CHUYN NGNH
D max
d max
3 3000
(1.1)
v c th ln hn.
Khi dng kch thc trung bnh ca cc vt liu trc khi nghin (Dtb) v sau khi
nghin (dtb) th ta c mc nghin chnh xc hn:
i=
Dtb
d tb
(1.2)
trang 5
N CHUYN NGNH
Vi cch phn loi trn d thy rng qu trnh nghin ni chung v qu trnh nghin
mn n ring l qu trnh rt ph bin trong cng nghip hin nay.
1.2.2 cng
cng ca vt liu l tnh cht c trng cho kh nng chng li s bin dng
di tc dng ca ngoi lc.
Da vo cng c th phn loi vt liu theo cc loi sau :
-
trang 6
N CHUYN NGNH
trang 7
N CHUYN NGNH
A KF
Trong :
(1.3)
K: h s t l
F: din tch b mt c gia tng.
Am i m 1
Do vy ta c:
(1.4)
An i n
Am i m
in d m
D
d m Ta c : i m d n
=>>
An i n d m
Am i m d n
in
D
d n v
(1.5)
D
d
v s vin sn phm
l i3 (hnh lp phng)
Do din tch b mt ca mi vin sn phm hnh lp phng l 6d 2 nn din
tch b mt c gia tng l :
F = 6d2 . i3 6D2 = 6D2(i-1)
SVTH: Nguyn Quang Ha K57
trang 8
(1.6)
N CHUYN NGNH
Hay :
A = K.F = 6KD2(i2 -1 )
(1.7)
A = K1D2(i -1)
(1.8)
Q
Nu nghin Q (kg) vin hay (m3) ( = kg/m3 l khi lng th tch ) v coi
Q
3
kch thc trung bnh ca cc vin l Dtk th s vin em nghin s l .Dtk
Q
K .6.(i 1)Q
3
Dtk
.Dtk
K R . i 1.Q
Dtk
(1.9)
KR
y :
K .6
(1.10)
Trong cng thc trn c nhiu thng s phn nh qu trnh nghin, song kh xc
nh h s KR nn ngha thc t ca cng thc b gim thp.
1.3.2 nh lut Nghin th tch
nh lut nghin th tch hay cn gi l nh lut nghin F. Kick, do GS. Ph.
KiK v V.L.Kipishep thit lp trn c s nghin cu s ph hy vt liu nghin
bng lc nn. Khi tng ti trng nn, ng sut tng v do bin dng ca vt liu
tng. Khi ng sut vt qu gii hn bn vt liu s b ph hy. Nh vy s ph hy
ca vt liu nghin c gi thuyt ph hp vi l thuyt n hi. Trn c s ny,
thuyt nghin th tch c vit nh sau :
A = k3.V
(1.11)
trang 9
N CHUYN NGNH
l =
Pl
EF
(m)
(1.12)
P . l
2
(J)
(1.13)
trang 10
Hay A =
P.l
2. E . F
(J)
(1.14)
Ta c A =
(1.15)
.l .F .V
=
2. E
2. E
= k. V
(1.16)
Trong : k=
2. E
- h s t l
(1.17)
A 1 P1 . l1
=
A 2 P2 . l2
V1
V2
(1.18)
3
l1
3
l2
Suy ra :
P1 l 1
=
P2 l 22
(1.19)
Trong : k l h s t l.
1.4 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh nghin [8]
1.4.1 nh hng ca c tnh vt liu
Nghin l qa trnh gim kch thc vt liu t kichs thc ban u n kch thc
mong mun di tc ng c hc. Ni khc i n cng l mt qu trnh lm tng din
tch b mt ca vt liu. Trong qu trnh nghin lc tc dng phi ln to ra c
ng sut ph hy vt liu. ng sut ny mt mt ph thuc vo thng s ca my nghin
nh tc dng, cng sut my, loi my Mt khc ph thuc vo tnh cht c l ca vt
liu, mn ca sn phm..
Ni mt cch n gin ha, qu trnh ph hy vt liu tun theo inhj lut Hook :
= E.
(1.27)
trong : - ng sut.
E h s t l hay cn gi l m un n hi.
- H s bin dng.
Khi h s E ln d bin dng l rt nh xut hin ng sut kh ln ngha l vt
liu gn nh khng bin dng c th xy ra qu trnh ph hy, ni kh i y chnh l
trng hp nghin vt liu dn. Khi E nh, vt liu s xy ra bin dng ln khi ng sut
khng ln. y chnh l trng hp nghin vt liu c tnh n hi cao.
1.4.2 nh hng ca m n qa trnh nghin
m l thng s vt l ca vt liu nghin c nh hng rt ln ti hiu qu nghin,
nht l nng lng tiu hao cho qu trnh nghin.
m cn l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy vn ht vt liu c kch thc nh l
vt liu dng bt. iu ny to kh nng dnh bm ca vt liu vo b phn nghin, gy
kh khn cho vic phn ly v do lm gim nhanh nng sut nghin ca thit b. Chnh
v l do ny m khi nghin liu hoc l chn phng php t hoc l chn phng php
kh. Trong trng hp sn phm nghin cn c dng bt th vic sy kh vt liu trc
khi nghin s mang li hiu qu kinh t cao hn l vic sy kh sn phm sau khi nghin.
Nghin kh
Nghin t
My nghin x v np liu mt ca
Theo ch lm vic
-
Theo kt cu my nghin c :
-
My nghin bi hnh nn
L
D
< 2. My gm c thn
Mi mt ngn c cha cc vin bi nghin c kch thc khc nhau, ngn pha np
liu th c kch thc ln nht v ngn cui cng th c kch thc b nht v thng
c dng hnh tr. Hai u thng c 2 y c c lin vi c trc rng. Mt trong ca
thng v hai y c lt bng cc tm lt. y c lin kt cht vi thng bng cc
bulng. Truyn ng cho my c th dng cp bnh rng vng hoc truyn ng tm.
Truyn ng tm th my lm vic m hn v c th b tr phn truyn ng tch ring
trnh bi bn.
u im ca my nghin bi nhiu ngn l t c mn cao, nng sut ln, nng
lng tiu hao nh
Nhc im l my cu to cng knh, trng lng v kch thc ln.
1.5.1.3 My nghin bi liu qua v tang nghin [8]
Cc loi my ny dng nghin bt thch cao, t st, vi v mt s vt liu
khc. Cu to chung ca my.
Trong my nghin trc, vn tc vng ca hai trc nghin c th ging hoc khc nhau.
Nu vn tc vng hai trc khc nhau th s c s chuyn ng tng i ca lp vt liu
cn nghin, do thch hp cho vt liu mm, de v dnh. Khi cn nghin vt liu c
cng cao, t s nghin ln, khe h theo phng hng knh gia hai trc nghin kh nh,
lc p rt ln ( n 50 Mpa) th my nghin c s dng thng l my c hai trc
nghin trn. y l loi my nghin trc c dng ph bin trong nghin mn xi mng,
nghin liu, nghin x v thng c gi l my nghin trc p lc cao.
Mt my nghin trc thng thng bao gm cc cm chnh sau :
-
Cm trc nghin : gm hai trc nghin hnh tr, trc g trc nghin v cc trc.
Cp trc nghin c ch to t vt liu chu mn, c tr c nh hoc di ng
theo phng hng knh.
My nghin mt trc.
Theo tc quay :
-
My nghin kh.
Theo ch lm vic th c :
-
11- khi
m- c cu ng
liu.
My nghin nhm 2 ny c mt s c im nh :
-
6- cnh
11- khung
nn cc con ln; 12- ca cp kh; 13- mm nghin; 14- xi lanh thy lc.
My nghin loi ny thng c mt s c im sau :
-
e-
Loi my
My
nghin bi
My
nghin
trc
Nguyn l
Phng php
mit v v p
v
u, nhc im
- Bi d b mi mn.
- Nng sut kh cao.
ng dng
Kch thc vt liu
u vo ti a 20
25 mm, sn phm
u ra ti thiu
0,074 0,4 mm
My
nghin xa
lun
Phng php
mit v
My
Phng php
nghin
mit v v p v
ng kiu
bnh ln
Ch tiu
n v
Tr s
% khi lng
10
Ch s d nghin
HGI
53
Kch c
Mm
<15
Nhit tr than
MJ/kg (khng m)
27.216
% khi lng
18.19
5- 90 m
>90 m
<10%
>80%
<10%
(2.1) Trong
(2.2)
T1 = f.P0
(2.3)
F01 = F0 . Sin
(2.4)
(1)
(2)
ta c :
tg f + f . ( 1 + f.tg )
Hay : tg 2.f + f2 . tg
tg
2. f
2
1f
(2.5)
Ta c : f = tg.
Suy ra :
2.tg
1tg2
tg
Vy nn :
= tg(2.)
2.
(2.6)
(2.7)
OD
OE
R b +m
R b+ R v +
Rv
cos
(2.10)
Rb =
R v . ( cos +1 )m
1cos
(2.11)
Khi : Rb = 1,06cos . Rv
(2.12)
Thay s :- vi gc m vt liu l = 14
-
cos 14+1
Rb = 1,06cos 14 . 40
= 878 mm
Vy ly Db = 1750 mm
Do ng knh t l vi nng sut my nghin nn ng knh con ln cng ln th nng
sut my nghin cng cao tuy nhin v kt cu cng phc tp v khng gian lp t cng
ln cng nh qu trnh lp t , bo dng sa cha phc tp v vy khi thit k phi
chn kch thc my nghin ph hp, hp l.
(2.13)
k . D2b . B b .
4
(2.14)
Thay s ta c : G =
= 2812,8 Kg
(2.15)
Lc ly tm F2
m.g.sin + Fz2 .f +
f.m.g.cos = Fz1
( 2.16)
Vi : Fz1 = Fz . cos
Fz2 = Fz . sin
Suy ra : f. ( Fz . sin + m.g.cos ) + m.g.sin = Fz .cos
t
(*)
(2.17)
FR + m.g.sin = Fz . cos
(2.18)
(**)
(2.18)
Mt khc ta li c :
Fz =
m. g . v 2
g . Rm
2. . R m nm
=
2
m. g .
= 4.2.(nm )2.Rm.m
(***)
(2.19)
T (**) v (***) ta c :
f +tg
=>> nm =
Gi c =
f + tg
g
.
1f . tg 2. 2
f + tg
g
.
2
1f . tg 2. . D m
(2.20)
l h s tc nghin
=> nm =
c
Dm
( v/s) =
(2.21)
60.c
Dm
(v/p)
(2.22)
43
2,92
(N.m)
(2.23)
l =
P .l
F .E
(2.24)
A = (l .P )/2
1 P.l
Thay l vo ta c : A = 2 . F . E . P
0+ Pmax
2
N.m
(2.25)
P2 .l
2. E . F
(2.26)
2n . F . l
2. E
(2.27)
2n .V
2. E
N.m
(2.28)
A1 =
2n .V
2. E
2n . Bb d 2
.kA
2. E
(*)
(2.29)
A1 = P.d = P..d = P. E
.d
(**)
(2.30)
. Bb . d
.kA
2
(2.31)
29.585 .40
.0,8
2
= 271440 N
(2.32)
Trong : N1: cng sut cn thit khc phc lc cn khi bnh nghin ln trn lp vt
li
N2: Cng sut cn thit khc phc lc ma st xy ra khi c hin tng trt
N3: Cng sut khc phc ma st trc lp bnh nghin.
2.6.1 Cng sut cn thit khc phc lc cn khi bnh nghin ln trn lp vt
liu
Theo ti liu [8- tr125] Ta c : N1 = P..v.Z.10-3 , kW
(2.33)
Trong : P: lc p, N P = 271440 N
: h s ma st , = 0,05 0,1 => chn = 0,075
Z: s lng bnh nghin, Z = 3 bnh nghin
V: vn tc vng ca bnh nghin ,m/s
v = 3,84 m/s
Thay s :
N1 = 271440. 0,075. 3,84 . 3. 10-3 = 234,5 KW
2.6.2 Cng sut cn thit khc phc lc ma st xy ra khi c hin trng trt
Theo ti liu [8- tr125]Ta c : N2 = Z.P.f.vt.10-3 kW
(2.34)
Trong : Z: s lng bnh nghin, Z = 3 bnh nghin
P: lc p, N P = 271440 N
F: h s ma st trt ca vt liu, f = 0,1 0,3
Ti mp trong c vt =
Ti im gia c v0 =
Ti im ngoi c vn =
V c Rn > R0 > Rt
Nn vn > v0 > vt
. Rt . n
30
. R0. n
30
. Rn. n
30
[m/s]
(2.35)
[m/s]
(2.36)
[m/s]
(2.37)
.n
30 .( Rn - R0 ) =
.n
30
B
2
.n.B
60
(2.38)
Tng t tc trt mp trong ca con ln l vt.t =
Vy mi im ca mp trong trt mt i lng
.n.B
60
.n.B
60
v pha trc th mi im
.n.B
60
) =
.n.B
120
(2.38)
vi : n_ s vng quay ca mm nghin n = 25,13 v/p
B_ chiu rng ca bnh nghin , B = 585 mm = 0,585 m
Ta c : vtr =
.25,13 .0,585
120
= 0,385 m/s
Dm
Db
25,13 2920
.
60 1750
= 0,70 v/s
(2.39)
m/s
Thay s ta c :
N3 = 271440. 0,015. 3,14. 0,3. 3. 0,70. 10-3 = 8,1 kW
Vy tng cng sut l N = N1 + N2 + N3
= 234,5+ 62,7 + 8,1 =305,3 kW
Ly h s truyn ng l = 0,9
Cng sut nghin l Nn = 305,3 / 0,8 = 381,6 kW
Theo ti liu [1-tr124] Cng sut ng c :
N
Ndc = k .
(2.40)
= 420 KW
1
k0
. 3600. Z. vm . Bb . v. m (t/h)
(1)
(2.41)
,m
Ta t
= x0 ,
m
Db
= x1 ,
Dm
Db
= x3
(2)
(2.42)
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c :
Q=
t c1 =
1
k0 k1
1
k0 k1
.3600.Z. . c .
.3600.Z. . c .
Db . x 3 . Db .x0 .Db.x1 .v
(2.43)
x3 .x0 .x1 .v
=>> Q = c1.D2,5
(2.44)
(2.45)
1
k 0 .k 1
1
12. 5
. 3600. Z. vm . Bb . v. m
Lk = Sk .Vk
(2.46)
Trong :
Lk : lu lng kh cn thit ti vnh phun ( kh tr 99,99 % nito ), m3/s
Sk : tit din khe phun kh, m2
Vk : vn tc gi ti mt thong tit din.
Gi lp sn phm nghin trn ra xung quanh mm nghin c dy trung bnh l v
khi lng ring l v.
Khi ti trng ca lp vt liu ny s l G = . v
(2.47)
V th y c lp vt liu ny bung ln ta cn c mt p lc P d G
M Pd =
v 2 . k
2. g
kg/m2
(2.48)
2 . g . . v
k
n 2
m/s
0 C, 1at c
(2.49)
k
k (0 )
. T0
= 0,707 kg/m 3
Chn = 0,01 m
Khi lng ring ca than
= 1800kg/ m3
Thay s ta c vn tc dng kh vk
= 22,3 m/s
(2.50)
Vt = 4,7 .
d . vl
(2.51)
Suy ra vt = 4,7 .
90 .106 .1800
vl
= 1800 kg/m3
= 1,9 m/s
(2.52)
1000. Q
Lk
kg/kg
(2.53)
1000. 38,21
100459,04
= 0,38 Kg/kg
Bng thng s kt qu
Thng s
Gc m vt liu
ng knh bnh nghin
Chiu rng bnh nghin
ng knh mm nghin
S vng quay mm nghin
Lc nn bnh nghin
Cng sut nghin
Lu lng kh ti vnh phun
K hiu
Db
Bb
Dm
nm
P
N
Lk
Gi tr
14
1750 (mm)
585(mm)
29200(mm)
25,13 v/p
271440 N
381,6 KW
39,47 m3 /s
nc
nct
(3.1)
c
Vy : uc = nct
990
25,13
= 39,4
305,3
=311,5
0,98
KW
(3.2)
PI =
P II
311,5
=
=324,4( K W )
OL . br 0,99.0,97
(3.3)
PI
324,4
=
=341,3 kW
d . ol . 0,96.0,99
(3.4)
Momen xon trn cc trc
Momen xon trn trc I
9,55.106 . P I 9,55.106 .324,4
T I=
=
=3129313,1(N . mm)
nI
990
(3.5)
(3.6)
3.2 Chn ng c dn ng
Vi cng sut ng c in tnh c N c = 420 kW, ta chn kiu ng c c tn
YMKQ600 c cc thng s:
in p: U= 10000V
Trong
) = 104800.1
l p sut kh quyn.
Chiu dy v my nghin l:
Theo ti liu [11 -CT. XIII.29, tr 370] c:
[ ].
[ ] . 1,73. P - 1 ) + C
S=0,5. D .
Trong :
D: ng knh trong (m) D= 3,7 m
P: p sut ngoi ca thit b (N/m2)
P = 35000 + 101300 = 104800 (N/m2)
C: h s b xung do n mn, bo mn, v dung sai.
(3.7)
N/
C=C1 +C 2+ C3
(3.8)
Vi:
C 1: h s b sung do n mn, xut pht t iu kin n mn vt liu ca mi
trng v thi gian lm vic ca thit b C1 = 2 mm
C2: h s b sung nguyn liu c cha ht rn chuyn ng vi vn tc ln , C 2
= 3 mm
C3: h s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy , chn C3 = 1 mm
: h s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng dc
Tra bng XIII.8 [11-362] c = 0.95
[]: ng sut cho php tiu chun
Theo [ 11- Tr 356] ta c:
[ k ]= n k
(3.9)
nb =2,6
Do vy :
[ k ]=
380. 106
2,6
.1 = 146,15.106 (N/m2)
[ ch ]= n ch
ch
(3.10)
nch
= 1,5
c c 240 10
nc
1,5
0,9 144 10 6
N/m2
Ta ly gii hn b hn trong 2 ng sut cho php trn lm ng sut cho php tiu
chun.
144.10 .0,95
1 +6. 103=0,0723 m=7,23 mm
6
144. 10 .0,951,73.104800
[ D+ ( SC ) ]. p
2. ( SC ) .
c
1,2
(3.11)
Thay s :
=
=51,77 . 10
c
1,2
240. 10
1,2
( tha mn)
Pb
381,6
=9,55. 106 .
=145.10 6 ( N .mm)
nb
25,13
b =1000 MPa
Gii hn chy :
c =800 MPa
[9 353]
d sb
6
TI
3 145. 10
=
=268(mm)
0,2.37,5
0,2. [ ]
Chn db = 270 mm
b =700 MPa
Gii hn chy
c =400 MPa
rn HB = 220
ng sut tip xc cho php theo ti liu [ 5 tr91]
H lim
Z R . Z V K xH K HL
SH
[ H ]=
0
(3.12)
Z R . Z V K xH =1
Chn s b
H lim 0 =2 HB +70
Trong :
rng c
mH
NH0
N HE
mH , mF
(3.13)
bc ca ng cong mi khi th v ng sut tip xc. Do bnh
HB<350 mH =6
NH 0
trong :
n Vn tc vng ca bnh ln
t
(3.14)
Vy K HL =
mH
N H 0 6 12558439,82
=
N HE
3769500
= 1,2
H lim
510
Z R . Z V K xH K HL=
.1.1,2=556, 36(MPa)
SH
1,1
[ H ]=
0
H ZM
(3.15)
Trong :
+ ZM - h s xt n c tnh ca vt liu, c xc nh theo cng thc:
2E1E 2
[E 2 (1 12 ) E1 (1 22 )]
ZM
(3.16)
E1, E2, 1, 2 : ln lt l mun n hi v h s poisson ca vt liu ch to bnh ln
v vt liu em nghin.
Bnh ln c lm bng thp ta c : E1 = 2,1.105 MPa; 1 = 0.3
Theo ti liu [1- tr 248] Vt liu l than c : E2 = 0,5 . 104 Mpa ; 2 = 0,27
Do
ZM =
2.2,1. 10 .0,5 . 10
4
2
5
2
3,14. [ 0,5 .10 . ( 10,3 ) +2,1. 10 .(10,27 ) ]
= 57,94 MPa1/2
qn
Fn K H
lH
(3.17)
lH 3b w /( 4 )
bw
Z2
(3.18)
4
3
=> Z = 0,913
Do : lH =585 / ( 0,913)2 = 701,8
qn
Vy
Fn K H
lH
271440 . 1,4
701,8
= 541,5
H ZM
qn
2
= 57,94 .
541,5
2 . 226, 4
Tha mn
= 63,4 < [ H ]
3.4.2 Cm mm nghin
Cm mm nghin bao gm hai b phn chnh ch yu l cc nghin v mm nghin.
N chu tc ng trc tip ca cc ti trng do qu trnh nghin sinh ra
Yu cu chung khi thit k cm l :
-