DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL

STEP 1:
DATA
Height of embankment above G.L

= 3.15 m

Density of soil

= 18KN/m3

Angle of repose

= 30 degrees

S.B.C. of soil

= 440 KN /m2

Coefficient of friction

= 0.5

Characteristics tensile strength of steel (fy)

= Fe 415 N /mm2

Characteristics compressive of concrete

= M 20 N / mm2

STEP 2:
DIMENSIONS OF RETAINING WALL:
Minimum depth of foundation

= p/w

1sin
1+ sin

= 440/18

Provide depth of foundation

= 2.7m

Overall thickness of wall

= 3.15+2.7
=5.85

Thickness of base slab

=5850/12
=500mm

Thickness of stem at base

=500mm

Height of stem

=5.85-.5

1sin30
1+sin 30

=5.35
Width of base slab

=0.5H to 0.6H
=3.6m

STEP 3:
DESIGN OF STEM
Height of stem

=5.35 m

Maximum working moment in stem M

= Cp( wh3/6)

Cp

1sin 30
1+ sin30

=1/3
= 1* 18 * 5.353/18

=153.130 KN.m
Factored bending moment

= 1.5* 153.130
=230 KN.m
=(230*106/.138*20*1000)1/2

=235 mm

REINFORCEMENT :
230*106

=0.87*415*Ast*250(1-(415 Ast/20*1000*250))
=3660mm2

Provide 25 mm dia @ 130 mm centre

Distribution reinforcement

=0.0012*1000*500
=600

Provide 10 mm dia @ 130 mm centre

STEP 3:
STABILITY CALCULATION :
Heel projection

=2.4-0.5
=1.9

LOADS

LOADS

TYPE
Soil load W1
Stem W2
Base slab W3
Road W4
Wall load W5
Soil pressure P

1.9x5.35x18
0.3x5.35x25
0.5x0.2x5.35x25
3.6x0.5x25
22x1.9
50

MAGNITUDE

DISTANCE

MOMENT

OF LOAD

FROM d(m)

(KN.m)

(KN)
182.97
40.125

0.95
2.05

173.82
82.26

13.375
45
41.8
50

2.27
1.8
0.95
2.05

30.32
81.00
39.71
102.50
153.30
W = 662.42

M=373.27

Distance of point of application of resultant from end d Z=

662.40
373.27

=1.755
Eccentricity e

=1.8-1.755
=0.025m b / 6
=0.025 3.6/6=0.6

Maximum and minimum pressure

Pmax

1+

( 6 x 0.225)
3.6

= (373.27/3.6)

]
= 108 KN/m2 440 KN /m2
Pmin

(6 x 0.225)
3.6

= (373.27/3.6)

]
= 99.36 KN/m2 440 KN /m2

STEP 4:
DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB :
LOADS

LOADS

MAGNITUDE

DISTANCE

MOMENT

OF LOAD

FROM d(m)

(KN.m)

(KN)
182.97
23.75

0.95
0.95

173.82
22.56

22x1.9
41.8
0.95
TOTAL LOAD = 236.092 KN.m
19.36x1.9
188.784
0.95

39.71

TYPE
Soil load W3
Stem W2
Road W4
Upward
pressure

1.9x5.35x18
1.9x0.5x25

0.5x1.9x4.56
4.332
0.63
TOTAL DEDUCTION =182.09 KN.m

179.35
2.75

REINFORCEMENT :
54x106

= 0.87*415*Ast*450(1-(415 Ast/20*1000*450))
=337.6mm2
Provide minimum reinforcement
Provide 10 mm dia @ 130 mm centre
= 0.0012*1000*500=600mm2

Distribution reinforcement

Provide 10 mm dia @ 130 mm centre

STEP 5:
DESIGN OF TOE SLAB :
LOADS

LOADS

TYPE

MAGNITUDE

DISTANCE

MOMENT

OF LOAD

FROM d(m)

(KN.m)

(KN)
Soil load W3
Toe self wt

2.2x1.2x18
1.2x0.5x25

47.52
15

0.6
0.6

28.512
9.000

TOTAL LOAD = 37.512 KN.m

105.48x1.2
126.53
0.6

Upward
pressure

0.5x1.2x2.88
1.73
0.8
TOTAL DEDUCTION =77.328 KN.m

75.946
1.382

REINFORCEMENT :
39.81x106

=0.87*415*Ast*450(1-(415 Ast/20*1000*450))
=247.83mm2
Provide minimum reinforcement
Provide 10 mm dia @ 130 mm centre
=0.0012*1000*500=600mm2

Distribution reinforcement

Provide 10 mm dia @ 130 mm centre

STEP 6:
CHECK FOR SLIDING AGAINST SLIDING :
= Ka(Wh2/6)

=1/3(18x 5.853/6)
=102.67 KN.m
Max possible Friction force

=0.5x337.27
=168.64

Factor of safety

=168.64 / 102.67
=1.64 > 1.5
Hence safe

STEP 7:

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS AT JUNCTION OF STEM AND BASE

SLAB :
Net working shear force V

= (mW-1.5p)
=168.64-1.5x102.67
=14.635 KN

Factored shear focre

=1.5x14.635
=21.96 KN

Nominal shear stress V

=(21.96x103/(1000x450)
=0.05 N/ mm2

100Ast/bd

= (100x3927)/(1000x450)
=0.45 N/mm2 > V

Hence shear stresses are within safe permissible limits