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Common Derivatives Integrals PDF
Common Derivatives Integrals PDF
Common Derivatives Integrals PDF
Derivatives
Basic Properties/Formulas/Rules
d
( cf ( x ) ) = cf ( x ) , c is any constant. ( f ( x ) g ( x ) ) = f ( x ) g ( x )
dx
d n
d
x ) = nx n-1 , n is any number.
( c ) = 0 , c is any constant.
(
dx
dx
f f g - f g
(Quotient Rule)
( f g ) = f g + f g (Product Rule) =
g2
g
d
f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( g ( x ) ) g ( x ) (Chain Rule)
dx
g ( x)
d
d g ( x)
g x
ln g ( x ) ) =
e
= g( x) e ( )
(
dx
g ( x)
dx
( )
Common Derivatives
Polynomials
d
d
(c) = 0
( x) = 1
dx
dx
d
( cx ) = c
dx
Trig Functions
d
( sin x ) = cos x
dx
d
( sec x ) = sec x tan x
dx
d
( cos x ) = - sin x
dx
d
( csc x ) = - csc x cot x
dx
d
( tan x ) = sec2 x
dx
d
( cot x ) = - csc2 x
dx
d
1
cos -1 x ) = (
dx
1 - x2
d
1
csc -1 x ) = (
dx
x x2 -1
d
1
tan -1 x ) =
(
dx
1 + x2
d
1
cot -1 x ) = (
dx
1 + x2
d n
( x ) = nxn-1
dx
d
( cx n ) = ncxn-1
dx
Exponential/Logarithm Functions
d x
d x
a ) = a x ln ( a )
e ) = ex
(
(
dx
dx
d
1
d
1
ln ( x ) ) = , x > 0
ln x ) = , x 0
(
(
dx
x
dx
x
d
1
log a ( x ) ) =
, x>0
(
dx
x ln a
d
( tanh x ) = sech 2 x
dx
d
( coth x ) = - csch 2 x
dx
d
( cosh x ) = sinh x
dx
d
( csch x ) = - csch x coth x
dx
Integrals
Basic Properties/Formulas/Rules
cf ( x ) dx = c f ( x ) dx , c is a constant.
f ( x ) g ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
b
b
a f ( x ) dx = F ( x ) a = F ( b ) - F ( a ) where F ( x ) = f ( x ) dx
b
cf ( x ) dx = c f ( x ) dx , c is a constant.
a
f ( x ) g ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
a f ( x ) dx = 0
b
a f ( x ) dx = -b f ( x ) dx
c
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx
If f ( x ) 0 on a x b then
a c dx = c ( b - a )
a f ( x ) dx 0
If f ( x ) g ( x ) on a x b then
f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
a
Common Integrals
Polynomials
1
dx = x + c
k dx = k x + c
x dx = n + 1 x
1 dx = ln x + c
-1
dx = ln x + c
p
1 dx = 1 ln ax + b + c
ax + b
a
q
x dx =
-n
dx =
n +1
+ c, n -1
1
x - n +1 + c, n 1
-n + 1
q
1 q +1
x +c =
x
p
p+q
q +1
Trig Functions
cos u du = sin u + c
p+q
q
+c
sin u du = - cos u + c
sec u du = tan u + c
sec u tan u du = sec u + c csc u cot udu = - csc u + c csc u du = - cot u + c
tan u du = ln sec u + c
cot u du = ln sin u + c
1
sec u du = ln sec u + tan u + c
sec u du = 2 ( sec u tan u + ln sec u + tan u ) + c
2
csc
u du =
1
( - csc u cot u + ln csc u - cot u ) + c
2
Exponential/Logarithm Functions
du = e + c
u
au
a du = ln a + c
u
e au
( a sin ( bu ) - b cos ( bu ) ) + c
a2 + b2
eau
au
e
cos
bu
du
=
(
)
( a cos ( bu ) + b sin ( bu ) ) + c
a 2 + b2
au
e sin ( bu ) du =
ln u du = u ln ( u ) - u + c
ue du = ( u - 1) e
u
+c
1 du = ln ln u + c
u ln u
2005 Paul Dawkins
u
du = sin -1 + c
a
a2 - u2
sin
1
1
u
du = tan -1 + c
2
2
a
a +u
a
1
1
u
du = sec -1 + c
2
2
a
a
u u -a
Hyperbolic Trig Functions
sinh u du = cosh u + c
-1
tan
u du = u sin -1 u + 1 - u 2 + c
1
u du = u tan -1 u - ln (1 + u 2 ) + c
2
-1
cos
-1
u du = u cos -1 u - 1 - u 2 + c
cosh u du = sinh u + c
sech
csch coth u du = - csch u + c csch
sech u du = tan sinh u + c
Miscellaneous
1 du = 1 ln u + a + c
2
a - u2
2a u - a
2au - u 2 du =
u du = - coth u + c
1 du = 1 ln u - a + c
2
u - a2
2a u + a
u du = tanh u + c
-1
u 2
a2
2
a + u du =
a + u + ln u + a 2 + u 2 + c
2
2
u 2
a2
u 2 - a 2 du =
u - a 2 - ln u + u 2 - a 2 + c
2
2
u 2
a2
u
a 2 - u 2 du =
a - u 2 + sin -1 + c
2
2
a
2
u-a
a2
a -u
2au - u 2 + cos -1
+c
2
2
a
Integration by Parts
The standard formulas for integration by parts are,
udv = uv - vdu
udv = uv a - vdu
a
Choose u and dv and then compute du by differentiating u and compute v by using the
fact that v = dv .
Trig Substitutions
If the integral contains the following root use the given substitution and formula.
a
a2 - b2 x2
x = sin q
and
cos 2 q = 1 - sin 2 q
b
a
b2 x2 - a2
x = sec q
and
tan 2 q = sec2 q - 1
b
a
a2 + b2 x2
x = tan q
and
sec 2 q = 1 + tan 2 q
b
Partial Fractions
P ( x)
dx where the degree (largest exponent) of P ( x ) is smaller than the
If integrating
Q ( x)
degree of Q ( x ) then factor the denominator as completely as possible and find the partial
fraction decomposition of the rational expression. Integrate the partial fraction
decomposition (P.F.D.). For each factor in the denominator we get term(s) in the
decomposition according to the following table.
Factor in Q ( x )
ax + b
A
ax + b
( ax + b )
ax 2 + bx + c
Ax + B
2
ax + bx + c
( ax2 + bx + c )
Term in P.F.D
Ak
A1
A2
+
+L +
2
k
ax + b ( ax + b )
( ax + b )
Ak x + Bk
A1 x + B1
+L +
k
2
ax + bx + c
( ax 2 + bx + c )
1. If n is odd. Strip one sine out and convert the remaining sines to cosines using
sin 2 x = 1 - cos 2 x , then use the substitution u = cos x
2. If m is odd. Strip one cosine out and convert the remaining cosines to sines
using cos 2 x = 1 - sin 2 x , then use the substitution u = sin x
3. If n and m are both odd. Use either 1. or 2.
4. If n and m are both even. Use double angle formula for sine and/or half angle
formulas to reduce the integral into a form that can be integrated.
n
m
tan x sec x dx
1. If n is odd. Strip one tangent and one secant out and convert the remaining
tangents to secants using tan 2 x = sec 2 x - 1 , then use the substitution u = sec x
2. If m is even. Strip two secants out and convert the remaining secants to tangents
using sec2 x = 1 + tan 2 x , then use the substitution u = tan x
3. If n is odd and m is even. Use either 1. or 2.
4. If n is even and m is odd. Each integral will be dealt with differently.