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Coflexip Drilling - Users - Guide - August - 2013 - Web PDF
Coflexip Drilling - Users - Guide - August - 2013 - Web PDF
Coflexip Drilling - Users - Guide - August - 2013 - Web PDF
Users Guide
Coflexip Flexible Steel Pipes for
Drilling and Service Applications
Users Guide
Coflexip flexible
pipe for drilling and
service applications is
manufactured by
Technip for Coflexip
Products Division.
Contents
GENERAL INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Abbreviations used
ACD:
Acidizing / Fracturing
BOP:
Blowout Preventer
CEM:
Cement
C/K:
DST:
FAT:
HDPE:
VH:
Vickers Hardness
ID:
Inner Diameter
LMRP:
MBR:
NACE:
OD:
Outer Diameter
OEM:
PTL:
QCDC:
QDC:
Quick Dis-Connect
TP:
Test Pressure
UDW:
Ultra Deepwater
WP:
Working Pressure
0. General introduction
This copy of the Coflexip FLEXIBLE STEEL PIPES DRILLING AND SERVICE APPLICATIONS USER'S GUIDE (hereinafter referred
to as the Guide) is revision 6 of the guide originally issued in 1989 revised in 1990, 1993, 2002 and in 2006.
The main purpose of this revision is to modify inspection and operational recommendations, based on field experience and
Technips policy of continual research into the safe application of flexible pipes. Additionally, inclusion of land/topside
specific flexibles and ultra deepwater end fittings has been added.
Coflexip flexible steel pipe products are manufactured by Technip.
Coflexip recognises the fact that the majority of our clients have used Coflexip drilling & service application products for
many years and have therefore built up a great deal of experience in their use. It follows therefore that much of the information contained in this Guide is intended primarily for those clients who are not familiar with the use of Coflexip products.
For the purpose of this document, End User shall mean a person, a company, its and their co-contractors, co-lessees and
joint ventures, its and their respective affiliates, and its and their respective officers and employees, including agency personnel
(but shall not include any member of the Technip Group), who purchase, transport, handle, package, use or work with
Coflexip products as described in this Guide.
Technip relies on the feedback of all End Users to ensure the continued reliability of our products and to act as the basis
for research into the flexible pipes of the future. We therefore welcome any comments on both the flexible pipes themselves and User's Guides such as this, specifically written for Drilling and Service Applications.
In producing this Guide, we have attempted to cover all aspects of both the design and safe use of our drilling and service
application flexibles in normal, current applications. We are always available to answer questions from End Users. Any questions should be directed towards your local Technip office listed on the back cover of this Guide.
TECHNIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ON WARRANTY IN CONNECTION WITH ITS DRILLING APPLICATION PRODUCTS
SAVE AS EXPRESSLY AGREED WITH THE END USER(S) IN A DOCUMENT EXECUTED BY TECHNIP AND THE END USER.
All information and data contained herein are subject to change without further notice, and are to be considered as RECOMMENDATIONS in general or INSTRUCTIONS (when stated in the text) by the Original Equipment Manufacturer only.
This document can be viewed and downloaded from our website at: http://www.technip.com/draps
This section will discuss the construction of a typical Coflexip flexible line and, according to the pipe construction,
present the failure modes that might be caused by a possible misuse of the equipment.
As shown in Figure 1, a typical Coflexip line is composed of:
A length of flexible pipe
Two end-fittings complete with handling collars
Integral connectors
Optional stiffeners
Identification collars
Connector
Connector
Termination
Termination
Flexible pipe
End fitting
Identification collars
Handing collars
Stiffener
End fitting
Figure 1
1.1
1.2
NACE COMPATIBILITY
End-fittings: all steel materials used in the manufacture of an end-fitting meet the requirements of
NACE MR-01-75.current edition/ISO 15156.
Steel wires: the carbon steel wires used for the Zeta, reinforcement wire and armour layers meet the NACE requirements
in force at manufacturing date. The present steel wires have been tested according to TM 0284 and TM 0177 - 1996.
1.3
END-FITTINGS
The end-fitting itself consists of the following:
The termination which ensures the seal and the mechanical attachment of the end-fitting to the flexible pipe.
The connector to allow the connection of the end-fitting to any other compatible connector.
Manufacturer
Serial number
I.D./Application/Length
Working Pressure
Test Pressure
Temperature range
Test date (month/year)
Any inquiry regarding the construction of the line and its end-fittings should refer to the serial number through which
Technip can trace the relevant information.
10
INSTRUCTION: for long lines (acidizing lines for example), typically lines longer than 25m (80'), the End User should
refer to Technip for advice on limitations in the use of the standard handling collars. Special lifting collars can be
designed for specific needs.
For further details on Acidizing Applications see Section 9.
1.4
ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT
Figure 2
The bend stiffener is an additional device mounted on the flexible pipe during its manufacturing (see figure 2 above).
It increases the local bending stiffness in the region of the end-fitting, producing a smoother transition from the endfitting to the flexible pipe structure.
The bend stiffener is optional on most flexible pipes. It will allow the flexible pipe to better resist overbending: flexure
damaging strength is increased by a factor of x3 when using this device.
Made out of polyurethane, it is intrinsically resistant to corrosion.
During the external inspection, check that the bend-stiffener is properly tightened on the end-fitting and is free of
damage and cracks.
1.4.2 Adapters/Cross-Overs
Adapters/Cross-Overs can be supplied if the End User needs to connect
his flexible pipe to different or non-standard connectors. These adapters are typically 0.3 metres or one foot long depending on the I.D.
and rating.
Represented is an API Hub / Weco adapter.
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Figure 3
12
13
Crushing
The crushing resistance of Coflexip flexible pipes is similar to that of an API rigid pipe of the same design pressure
Bending
The line is resistant to bending, including frequent or continuous flexure with the imperative condition that the
minimum bending radius is not exceeded.
In Technips documents, the minimum bending radius is abbreviated as MBR.
d is the minimum
inside distance
between the two
surfaces
MBR
OD
d = (2 MBR minus OD)
Example:
2.5 Coflon 15 kpsi W.P.
MBR = 0.86 m/2.81 ft
OD = 140.2 mm/52 inches
d
= 1.58 m/5.18 ft
Figure 4
The minimum bending radius is an extremely important characteristic of a flexible steel line.
As a rule of thumb, the minimum bending radius is roughly equal to:
MBR = 12 x ID (ID: inner diameter of the line).
Example: If ID = 3" then MBR = 12 X 0.076 = 0.92 metre or 12 x 3 = 36", i.e. 3 ft.
For specific DRAG CHAIN applications, the MBR for installed use is 1.1 x the storage MBR, as defined on the relevant
data sheet.
The accurate value of the MBR is part of the technical specification of the flexible line.
1.7
14
Bending - If the minimum bending radius is exceeded, the Zeta layer may open; in which case, the inner tube is not
properly supported and perforation will occur under pressure.
Overbending generally occurs due to mishandling during installation.
Particular attention must be paid at this time to the first metre or few feet of flexible pipe immediately behind
each termination.
An optional bend stiffener is available on request to improve the pipe's resistance to such overbending.
This failure mode may cause the line to burst.
Figure 6 shows how overbending may be caused, whether or not the line is under internal pressure.
NO
YES
Figure 5
Ageing of the inner liner - The mechanical properties of the inner liner can be affected by ageing. This phenomenon causes the degradation of the long thermoplastic molecules and may be due to:
Long exposure to high temperature, exceeding the maximum rated temperature
Exposure of the internal surfaces to incompatible chemicals
The degradation of the material could make it brittle and the tube may break when bent with or without internal
pressure, leading to a leakage.
This failure mode can result in a burst, or more often, in a high pressure leak.
Collapse of the inner liner - If damaged, the outer sheath may not be leak-proof. For subsea lines, the external
hydrostatic pressure will be applied on to the inner liner which may collapse. This can lead to the rupture of the
liner and failure of the line.
This failure mode may cause the line to burst.
INSTRUCTION: All Subsea lines, in line with rig operating procedures, should be flooded at all times, including during
the deployment of the drilling riser.
15
2. General guidelines
2.1
STORAGE
Storage in general does not require specific precautions regarding the environment or duration of storage.
Depending on length, the best ways to store a line are either:
In a straight line (up to 6 metre or 20 ft long)
Coiled to its MBR, attached to a wooden pallet or crate
Installed in a DRAG CHAIN prior to hook-up and start of operations. Coflexip flexible lines are shipped with
protection on the connectors.
INSTRUCTION: a similar protection should be reinstalled when the line is disconnected. It may consist of a metallic
blind flange that fits the connection, which is preferable, or of a good wooden protection.
This protection must ensure that:
> The inner bore of the line is closed to avoid accidental intrusion of any foreign material;
> The connector, especially the seal area, is properly protected against impacts, etc.
INSTRUCTION: if stored below minimum rated temperature, ensure that no handling is done before the line is brought
back to the minimum rated temperature.
INSTRUCTION: the inner bore of a Coflexip line should be thoroughly flushed with fresh water prior to long-term
storage.
2.2
HANDLING
INSTRUCTION: only qualified and trained personnel should handle flexible lines such as those manufactured by
Technip. Whilst we make every effort to assist End Users whenever possible on the methods of handling to be
deployed, the final decision on the best methods for local conditions and capacities rests with End Users or their
appointed agents, either of whom should have their own procedures for such handling operations.
Any rigging should be suitably adapted to the specific flexible line in question, as mishandling can be dangerous to
operations, surrounding personnel, equipment and property.
The line must never be bent below the minimum bend radius (MBR), as this may damage it.
As a rule of thumb, the minimum bend radius is equal to:
MBR = 12 x ID
The accurate value of the MBR of the line is part of the technical characteristics of the Coflexip structure and
will have been supplied to the original End User: it can be obtained from the nearest Technip office.
The MBR must be respected at all times, whether the line is under pressure or not.
User should avoid bending the flexible just behind the end-fitting. As a rule of thumb, a straight length of about
0.6 to 0.9 metre (2 to 3 feet) should be used as a safety distance.
See section 1.7 - FAILURE MODES OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES
The use of wire ropes or chains may damage the anti-corrosion treatment of the end-fitting. If so required, use a
shackle connected through the eye of the handling collar. Never use wire ropes or chains directly against the stainless steel outer-wrap. If force needs to be applied to the body of the flexible line itself, use soft slings.
Moving flexible line on the ground
16
Do not attach slings directly to the end-fitting - use the handling collar provided. Always connect slings to both
eyes in order to have the pulling force in a straight line through the main axis of the flexible pipe.
Prevent abrasion of the flexible line against the ground; use wooden supports or planks.
If a forklift has to be used to lift a flexible line, soft slings must be used to prevent damage, and to prevent the
flexible line from falling off the forks (see the Handling schematics inside the rear of this Guide). End User assumes
all responsibility for essential safety precautions to avoid injury or death in connection with these operations.
2.3
INSTALLATION - CONNECTION
The preferred installation for a Coflexip flexible line is with the pipe positioned in a J or U configuration, with the
end-fittings pointing up in a vertical position. See Figure 6.
If, due to the rig equipment, this configuration is not feasible, special care must be taken when securing a non-vertical
connection that overbending behind the end-fitting is avoided.
As a general rule the minimum acceptable bending radius for a
flexible pipe in operations should be 1.5 times the MBR. If impossible to meet, contact Technip for advice.
Connection of the flexible line to other pipework requires:
Supporting the weight of both the end-fitting and the line
Correct alignment of the end-fitting
INSTRUCTION: The best way to achieve this is to support the
weight of the line through the use of the handling collar, then
control the alignment with a non-metallic rope or sling attached
about 0.9 metre (3 feet) behind the end-fitting. See Figure 7.
Never do the reverse, i.e.:
Do not support the weight immediately behind the endfitting;
Do not align the line from the end-fitting itself.
2.4
R
MB
Figure 6
WELDING
A flexible steel line is a mixed construction of steels and thermoplastics. It must be recognised that because of the heat diffusion that occurs during any welding process, the thermoplastic
layers may suffer irreversible damage leading to an unsafe line.
When used, welding processes are only completed during the
original manufacturing process of the line at a stage where the
operation cannot affect the other components.
Consequently, any field welding repair of a flexible line, involving either the end-fitting (including the stainless steel ring groove)
or the stainless steel outer carcass, will render the line unsafe
and unusable. Such lines will must be withdrawn from service
and stamped "NOT-REUSABLE".
Figure 7
17
3. Operating conditions
Although similar in appearance, the construction of Coflexip lines for different drilling applications such as Choke
and Kill lines, Acid lines or Test lines differ significantly.
INSTRUCTION: these lines must never be used for any purpose other than the original for which the line was supplied
and which is stamped on the end-fitting identification collar (see section 1.3). In case of doubt, contact the nearest
Technip office for information on guidelines to be respected.
3.1
FLUIDS TO BE TRANSPORTED
Generally, all kinds of drilling muds and oil production fluids, or chemical additives, may be transported through flexible
lines depending upon the applications. The compatibility tables included in this Guide give an indication on the behaviour of the liners with most common chemicals.
Due to the number of chemicals used, often in concentrated forms, and the infinite number of possible combinations, it is virtually impossible to guarantee the behaviour of our products in all circumstances.
INSTRUCTION: in case of doubt please contact the nearest Technip office.
All components of the end-fittings in contact with the inner fluids are adequately protected against corrosion.
In most cases, it is the internal liner made of thermoplastics that will limit the chemical compatibility of the flexible
line. They are different for:
Standard temperature rated line (-20C to +100C / -4F to +212F)
or
High temperature rated line (-20C to +130C / -4F to 266F)
Tables I and II give a limited list of the different chemicals relevant for drilling and service applications and their effects
on the flexible line. In case of doubt, contact the nearest Technip office.
18
TABLE I
Chemical compatibility of standard temperature rated lines.
Exposure resistance of RILSAN inner lining at given temperature ranges.
Concentration
15%
30%
3%
7.5%
100%
100%
100%
saturated
saturated
saturated
100%
100%
100%
50%
< 20%
< 20%
Presence
0F
-18C
F
F
F
F
S
S
S
F
L
S
S
S
S
S
S
L*
L*
75F
24C
F
F
F
F
S
S
S
F
L
S
S
S
S
L
S
L*
L*
150F
66C
F
F
F
F
S
L
L
F
L
L
S
S
S
NR
S
L*
L*
200F
93C
F
F
F
F
S
NR
NR
F
L
L
S
S
S
NR
S
L*
L*
250F
121C
F
F
F
F
NR
NR
NR
F
L
L
L
L
L
NR
L
L*
L*
S: Satisfactory
NR: Not Recommended
L: Limited use** F: Forbidden
* The PH value of the fluid may greatly influence the behaviour of Rilsan inner lining
** Technip to be consulted for exact exposure time
15%
30%
3%
7.5%
100%
100%
100%
saturated
saturated
saturated
100%
100%
100%
50%
< 20%
L: Limited use
0F
-18C
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
75F
24C
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
F: Forbidden
150F
66C
S
S
S
S
S
S
S*
S
S
S
S
S
S
L
S
200F
93C
S
S
S
S
S
S
L*
S
S
S
S
S
S
NR
S
250F
121C
S
S
S
S
S
S
NR*
S
S
S
S
S
S
NR
S
19
3.1.3 Exposure of high temperature rated lines to CO2 combined with H2S
Under certain conditions, exposure to relatively high concentrations of CO2 combined with H2S, can lead to damage
of the COFLON liner. For this reason, the following limitations are to be respected:
PRESSURE
TEMPERATURE
FLUID CONDITIONS
1035 bar/15,000 psi
130C (+266F)
CO2 + H2S < 10 %
690 bar/10,000 psi
130C (+266F)
CO2 + H2S < 30 %
690 bar/10,000 psi
110C (+230F)
CO2 + H2S < 50 %
3.1.4 Sour service
All components of the end-fittings and of the flexible pipe, in contact with the inner fluids, meet
NACE-MR-01-75/ISO 15156 current edition.
As well as those internal surfaces which come into direct contact with the inner flow, due to gas diffusion, some other
flexible pipe components may be in contact with low concentrations of sour gas. The carbon steel wires used for the
Zeta, reinforcement wire and armour layers are tested as per the NACE requirements in force at manufacturing date.
The present steel wires used have been tested according to TM 0284 and TM 0177 - 1996.
Depending upon the application, Coflexip pipes are classified either:
Permanent sour service, or
Temporary sour service
See Sections 7 to 10 for the different applications of Coflexip pipes. In case of doubt, contact the nearest Technip
office.
3.1.5 Flow Rates
The maximum continuous flowrate for all smooth bore i.e. thermoplastic inner sheathed lines, is 15 metres per second.
Many lines, particularly those for acidizing / fracturing applications, have been subjected to flow-rates well in excess
of this figure for relatively short periods of time without any damage being sustained. This is entirely dependent on
the abrasive properties of the flow medium, therefore maximum short term flow-rates cannot be quantified for all
flow conditions. Extreme flow rates and abrasive fluids can cause erosion in the end-fittings. It is common practice to
replace the end-fittings when these show severe scoring or pitting. Experience has shown that for those types of lines
subjected to severe abrasive conditions (fracturing operations), the end-fittings can be replaced twice before the
flexible pipe itself should be considered not fit for further use.
3.2
TEMPERATURE RATINGS
20
21
PRESSURE
OEM. TP
517 bar/7,500 psi
1035 bar/15,000 psi
1550 bar/22,500 psi
Test duration: factory pressure tests last 24 hours after stabilisation at ambient temperature for standard lines, 6 hours for
Coflexip Red products and 2 hours for Coflexip Black products.
Note: the standard Technip FAT (Factory Acceptance Test) is well
in excess of the minimum requirement of API 16C & API 7K.
22
23
As a result of periodic inspections, or "in field" observations, damage may be noticed and require repair.
The following parts of a flexible line may be repaired at a convenient Technip or authorized Coflexip line repair facility, depending upon the degree of the damage:
Serviceable parts of end-fitting, including handling collar and the rear locking nut attachment of the external carcass
Stainless steel outer carcass
Outer plastic sheath underneath the carcass
For significant damage, such as overbent lines, the repair may consist of mounting a new end-fitting(s) to the damaged
line. This would involve cutting off one complete end-fitting and installing a new one, thus reducing the overall line
length. The new fitting would be marked with the repair project number and line test date plus the new overall length:
the original fitting which remains with the line will be stamped "repaired". It should be noted that old fittings are not
reusable and that, because a variety of re-marking procedures have been employed since the first repairs were carried
out, it is always worth checking line details on both end-fittings.
Whatever the nature of the repair, the lines are pressure tested at OEM test pressure in accordance with section 3.3.2.
after completion.
Technip reserves the right of declining to carry out a repair on a line which is found in a condition rendering it unsafe
for use.
Except in exceptional circumstances, Technip will not proceed with any repair on lines which do not meet current
industry standards or Technip's internal standards. (For unused lines, see Section 6.9).
A list of all current Technip and Coflexip Authorized Inspection, Maintenance & Repair (IMR) facilities can be found
at http://www.technip.com/draps
24
6.1
INTRODUCTION
This section details the actual inspections and tests recommended by Technip to ensure the continued safe use of
our drilling and service application flexible lines.
It defines precisely what is meant by the terminology used by Technip for each type of inspection and/or test and
therefore allows End Users to know the extent or limitation of each procedure.
The very nature of a flexible pipe's construction and that of its end-fittings does not allow a detailed examination of
all of the internal components, and therefore we rely heavily on external examination and regular pressure testing.
It will be noted that Technip recommends End Users, whenever possible, to have this inspection and testing work
carried out by the manufacturer or a Coflexip line authorized testing facility. Under such circumstances, Technip will
issue a certificate detailing the inspection and/or testing work performed on each line.
Circumstances may make this impractical and, in such instances, Technip relies on the End User's QA/QC system, together with their experience of using these lines, to ensure that they remain fully functional.
The recommended periodicity of each inspection or test varies depending on the application, and the relevant section
(7 to 10) should be referred to for each type of line whilst reading this section to know the circumstances applicable
to each inspection or test procedure.
Note: Current Technip and Coflexip authorized testing facilities list can be found at: http://www.technip.com/draps/
INSTRUCTION: although common practice for most Users of such flexibles, it is strongly recommended that a record
of all service work should be maintained for each line.
6.2
25
6.3
FULL INSPECTION
A full inspection includes at least:
Entire external inspection
Entire internal inspection
Full pressure test at OEM test pressure for a period determined in paragraph 3.2.2.
Technip recommends that this inspection should be done by Technip or at an authorized Coflexip line testing facility.
However, it must be recognised that this may be impractical according to the drilling programme schedule or location. If so, this full inspection should be carried out by a competent person who is qualified by the End User's QA/QC
system (See also Paragraph 6.5).
6.4
6.5
Note The above testing (6.5) is an alternative to the full inspection, strictly due to the rig limitations detailed in
Section 7 - Paragraph 7.5.3. of the guidance on High Pressure Drilling Application lines only. Wherever possible,
the recommendations on the annual full inspection should be adhered to.
26
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
UNUSED LINES
It is sometimes the case that, for a variety of reasons, a line may remain unused for a considerable period of time after
delivery. In such instances, no inspection or testing is required during this storage period as long as normal protective
precautions are observed. (See Section 2.1 - General guidelines: Storage). The term "unused" is taken to mean a line
which remains in its original delivery condition and has never been installed or used for any purpose except, for example,
assembled within a DRAG CHAIN system and not installed on the platform since OEM pressure test. After first use, it
is assumed that an inspection and test record would be established in accordance with the recommendations made
in this Guide. Nevertheless, it is the End Users responsibility to check whether the line still meets the current Industry
standards.
INSTRUCTION: in case of doubt please contact the nearest Technip office.
27
7.1
DEFINITION
7.1.1
Note: All Standard Coflexip lines are designed in line with API 16C. Lines manufactured for mud & cement applications may also be used for well control operations as long as the external marking instructions on the end
fitting are followed.
INSTRUCTION: one should always check the temperature and pressure ratings before using mud and/or cement lines
in well control operations.
7.2
SOUR SERVICE
Generally, all kinds of drilling muds and oil production fluids may be transported through Choke and Kill lines (See
Section 3 - Paragraph 3.1). As the lines may be used in areas where sour service is required, all Coflexip Choke and
Kill lines are classified Sour Service.
All steel components of the flexible lines directly exposed to the internal fluid meet NACE MR-01-75/ISO 15156 current
edition.
INSTRUCTION: the use of a Choke and Kill line as a Test line is unsafe and must be prohibited.
28
7.3
COMPLETION FLUIDS
It may be a requirement for a variety of completion fluids to be pumped through the flexible lines. Many of these
fluids contain acids, zinc bromide, etc. These products may not be compatible with the thermoplastic liner of the
Coflexip Choke and Kill lines. Please refer to the fluids compatibility charts in Section 3.
INSTRUCTION: in case of doubt please contact the nearest Technip office.
7.4
VENTING
Coflexip Choke and Kill lines are not vented.
7.5
29
30
8.1
8.2
SOUR SERVICE
All steel components of DST and PTL Coflexip flexible lines, terminations and connectors directly exposed to the
internal fluids meet NACE MR-01 -75/ISO 15156 current edition..
DST and PTL lines are designed for permanent exposure to sour service.
8.3
VENTING
Both DST and PTL flexible lines are vented.
Venting: Coflexip Test Lines include an independent and automatic method to de-pressurise the flexible pipe body
in the event of pressure build up caused by permeated gas; this process is called venting.
INSTRUCTION: under no circumstances should vented lines be used under water nor should either of their extremities be immersed. This could lead to long term corrosion of the armour wires and risk of failure. (See Section 1 Paragraph 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES)
8.4
31
9.1
DEFINITION
Oil and gas wells require regular maintenance and servicing throughout the life of the well. This can involve pumping
fluids, foam or gas containing treatment materials into the well. These operations start during the drilling phase of the
well with operations such as cementing. During the production phase, they include acid and proppant stimulation,
water and sand control, as well as fluid support for workover operations. At the end of a well's economic or practical
life, the services cover killing and abandonment operations. Well service operations therefore involve using piping to
pump into a well as opposed to extracting from it.
9.1.1 Handling
INSTRUCTION: the handling of the Coflexip flexible lines shall be carried out by qualified and trained personnel
using adapted lifting/handling equipment.
The deployment of the flexible lines shall be carried out following the End User's operating procedures in which all
safety aspects shall be covered.
When connecting acidizing lines from independent vessels to platforms, the lines should be connected to the platform pipe work through an external connection point capable of bearing the loads applied by the flexible pipe.
It must be noted that the flexible pipe must never be considered as the weak point of a system, its breaking
load being several hundred tons.
When the flexible pipe is deployed from a winch, the whole length of pipe shall be completely paid out so that the
QCDC (Quick Connect Dis-Connect) or QDC (Quick Dis-Connect) assembly is allowed to operate in a fast and reliable
manner.
A guide system should be fitted as part of the winch installation which ensures that the flexible pipes approach angle
with the winch drum is kept within reasonable limits, thus ensuring correct operation of the emergency disconnect
system when required.
9.1.2 Well service operations
Coflexip acidizing/fracturing lines are Coflon line, capable of handling acids, produced well fluids and heavy metallic
salts such as calcium or zinc bromide (See Section 3 - Paragraph 3.1). Temperature ranges for these operations are given
in Section 3 - Paragraph 3.2.
9.1.3 Dynamic operations
Such operations involve the use of the flexible lines to compensate for relative motion between the two connection
points. An example is the servicing of wells from a floating service vessel to a fixed production platform: such an application can be highly dynamic and applies a tremendous strain on the pipe's mechanical properties.
9.1.4 Static operations
These normally involve small or negligible amounts of relative movement during hook-up, the lines being used to
accommodate dimensional variations between fixed points in hard piping or for equipment connection.
32
9.2
SOUR SERVICE
All steel components of acidizing/fracturing and well service Coflexip flexible line terminations and connectors
directly exposed to the internal fluids, meet the requirements of NACE MR-01 -75.
Lines designated "ACD" i.e. acidizing/fracturing are unsuitable for any service where produced well fluids or gases are
present. For this reason, the steels used for the fabrication of these lines do not necessarily meet the requirements
of NACE MR-01 -75. Other lines with Coflon or Rilsan liners can be used for temporary or permanent sour service
(see Section 8 - Test line applications).
9.3
VENTING
Acidizing/fracturing flexible lines are not vented. Coflon flexible lines required for "dual-purpose" i.e. DST or PTL applications in addition to acidizing/fracturing are vented -refer to OEM pressure test certificate or line data book for
precise application, alternatively contact nearest Technip office with line serial number for further details.
INSTRUCTION: under no circumstances should vented lines be used under water nor should either of their extremities be immersed. This could lead to long term corrosion of the armour wires and risk of failure. (See Section 1 Paragraph 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES)
9.4
33
10.1. DEFINITION
Coflexip Black products are a more economical solution for land based and topside applications. These products
retain all of the strengths of a traditional Coflexip pipe but removes the rear sealing of the end fitting making them
unsuitable for subsea applications or installation in a splash zone. The rear weatherproof seal is sufficient to provide
years of weatherproofing, while the front connection is as mechanically strong as the original.
Derivatives of Coflexip Black products may be used for Choke/Kill, Well Testing & API 7K applications. The flexible
is designed and qualified in accordance with API 16C and may be monogrammed API 16C for Choke/Kill applications.
The flexible has also been designed and qualified in accordance with API 7K and may be monogrammed API 7K for
rotary, cement and mud applications.
All Coflexip Black Products have an integral Coflon liner.
The OEM pressure test duration for Coflexip Black Products is 6 hours after stabilization.
34
11.1
DEFINITION
Drag chain applications are specific to any flexibles which are installed within a drag chain system.
These can be lines used for choke, kill, mud, cement, test and well completion fluid or other services, and as such are
governed by Sections 1 to 6 inclusive of this User's Guide.
The drag chain itself also provides a supplementary mechanical protection outside the stainless steel outer wrap, thus
the risk of external mechanical damage is significantly reduced.
Furthermore, each flexible length is specifically engineered to fit between the 2 rigid connection points; it is the low
diametric and longitudinal expansion factors which make flexible steel pipes particularly suitable for these locations.
The flexibles, once installed in the drag chain and hooked-up at each end, are in a controlled, protected environment
and therefore the inspection and test requirements are different to other installations.
11.2
35
Page 11 - PARA 1.3.5: for long lines (acidizing lines for example) typically lines longer than 25m (80'), the End User should refer
to Technip for advice on limitations in the use of the standard handling collars. Special collars can be designed for specific
needs.
Page 15: - PARA 1.7 INSTRUCTION: All Subsea lines, in line with rig operating procedures, should be flooded at all times,
including during the deployment of the drilling riser
Page 16 - PARA 2.1: a similar protection should be reinstalled when the line is disconnected. It may consist in a metallic blind
flange that fits the connection -which is preferable, or of a good wooden protection.
This protection must ensure that:
> The inner bore of the line is closed to avoid accidental intrusion of any foreign material
> The connector, especially the seal area, is properly protected against impacts, etc.
Page 16 - PARA 2.1: if stored below minimum rated temperature, ensure that no handling is done before the line is brought
back to the minimum rated temperature.
Page 16 - PARA 2.1: the inner bore of a Coflexip line should be thoroughly flushed with fresh water prior to long term
storage.
Page 16 - PARA 2.2: only qualified and trained personnel should handle flexible lines. Whilst we make every effort to
assist End Users whenever possible on the methods of handling to be deployed, the final decision on the best methods
for local conditions and capacities rests with End Users or their appointed agents, either of whom should have their
own procedures for such handling operations.
Any rigging should be suitably adapted to the specific flexible line in question, as mishandling can be dangerous to
operations, surrounding personnel, equipment and property.
The line must never be bent below the minimum bend radius (MBR), as this may damage it.
As a rule of thumb, the minimum bend radius is equal to:
MBR = 12 x ID
The accurate value of the MBR of the line is part of the technical characteristics of the Coflexip structure and
will have been supplied to the original End User: it can be obtained from the nearest Technip office.
The MBR must be respected at all times, whether the line is under pressure or not.
User should avoid bending the flexible just behind the end-fitting. As a rule of thumb, a straight length of about
0.6 to 0.9 metre (2 to 3 feet) should be used as a safety distance.
See section 1.7 - FAILURE MODES OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES
The use of wire ropes or chains may damage the anti-corrosion treatment of the end-fitting. If so required, use a
shackle connected through the eye of the handling collar. Never use wire ropes or chains directly against the stainless steel outer-wrap. If force needs to be applied to the body of the flexible line itself, use soft slings.
Moving flexible line on the ground
Do not attach slings directly to the end-fitting - use the handling collar provided. Always connect slings to both
eyes in order to have the pulling force in a straight line through the main axis of the flexible pipe.
Prevent abrasion of the flexible line against the ground; use wooden supports or planks.
If a forklift has to be used to lift a flexible line, soft slings must be used to prevent damage, and to prevent the
flexible line from falling off the forks (see Coflexip line Handling on the schematics inside the rear of this Guide).
End User assumes all responsibility for essential safety precautions to avoid injury or death in connection with
these operations.
Page 17 - PARA 2.3: the best way to achieve this is to support the weight of the line through the use of the handling collar,
then control the alignment with a non-metallic rope or sling attached about 0.9 metres (3 feet) behind the end-fitting.
36
Page 18 - PARA 3: these lines must never be used for any purpose other than the original for which the line was supplied
and which is stamped on the end-fitting fitting identification collar (see Section 1.3). In case of doubt, contact the nearest
Technip office for information on guidelines to be respected.
Page 18 - PARA 3.1: in case of doubt please contact the nearest Technip office.
Page 23 - PARA 4: flexible lines removed from service upon expiration of the service life should be stamped "NOT
REUSABLE" or preferably cut into pieces.
Any line which reaches 20 years since its OEM pressure test, and which continues to function correctly, should be
returned to Technip for investigation and recommendation on its continued use.
During this 20-year period, it is probable that a considerable number of design changes will have been made, and regulations or recommendations on the use of any particular application are likely to have changed: a combination of
these factors may make it impossible to recommend any further use of a particular line.
Page 25 - PARA 6.1: although common practice for most Users of such flexibles, it is strongly recommended that a
record of all service work should be maintained for each line.
Page 27 - PARA 6.6: these tests are carried out at the End User's risk. It must be stressed that a catastrophic burst can
be the result of these tests (although extremely unlikely on well maintained flexibles), and that all precautions MUST
be taken to avoid damage and/or injury (see Section I - Para. 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES).
Page 27 - PARA 6.9: in case of doubt please contact the nearest Technip office.
Page 28 - PARA 7.1.2: one should always check the temperature and pressure ratings before using mud and/or cement
lines in well control operations.
Page 28 - PARA 7.2: the use of a Choke and Kill line as a Test line is unsafe and must be prohibited.
Page 29 - PARA 7.3: in case of doubt please contact the nearest Technip office.
Page 30 - PARA 7.5.6: BOP stack lines cannot be re-used on another stack without a detailed study confirming the
lines are compatible with the new installation. In case of doubt please contact the nearest Technip office.
INSTRUCTION: All Subsea lines, in line with rig operating procedures, should be flooded at all times, including during
the deployment of the drilling riser.
Page 31 - PARA 8.3: under no circumstances should vented lines be used under water nor should either of their extremities be immersed. This could lead to long-term corrosion of the armour wires and risk of failure (See Section 1 Para. 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES).
Page 32 - PARA 9.1.1: the handling of the Coflexip flexible lines should be carried out by qualified and trained personnel
using adapted lifting/handling equipment.
The deployment of the flexible lines should be carried out following the End User's operating procedures in which all
safety aspects should be covered.
When connecting acidizing lines from independent vessels to platforms, the lines should be connected to the platform pipe work through an external connection point capable of bearing the loads applied by the flexible pipe.
It must be noted that the flexible pipe must never be considered as the weak point of a system, its breaking
load being several hundred tonnes.
When the flexible pipe is deployed from a winch, the whole length of pipe MUST be paid out so that the QCDC
(Quick Connect Dis-Connect) or QDC (Quick Dis-Connect) assembly is allowed to operated in a fast and reliable
manner.
A guide system should be fitted as part of the winch installation, which ensures that the flexible pipes approach angle
with the winch drum is kept within reasonable limits, thus ensuring correct operation of the emergency disconnect
system when required.
37
Page 33 - PARA 9.3: under no circumstances should vented lines be used under water nor should either of their extremities be immersed. This could lead to long term corrosion of the armour wires and risks of failure. (See Section 1 Para. 1.7 FAILURE MODES OF COFLEXIP FLEXIBLE LINES).
Page 33 - PARA 9.4.1: after completion of any fracturing and/or acidizing operations, the lines should be thoroughly
flushed with water.
REMINDER:
Technip MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY SAVE AS EXPRESSLY AGREED IN WRITING WITH END USER.
NOTES
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38
WRONG
RIGHT
Minimum
bend
radius
Minimum
bend
radius
The soft slings on the crate are either for topling the crate or for the lids handling.
NEVER USE them to lift the crate
Unpacking guide
(is in the crate / pallet)
39
HEADQUARTERS
Technip
89 avenue de la Grande Arme
75773 Paris Cedex 16
France
Phone: +33 (0)1 47 78 24 00
CONTACTS
Drilling & Refining Applications
Division - Worldwide presence
Technip
Innovation & Technology Center
43-45 Boulevard Franklin Roosevelt
92500 Rueil Malmaison
Phone: +33 (0)1 4901 8400
Technip Brazil
Rua da Gloria 178 - Glria 20241-180
Rio de Janeiro-Rj-Brazil
Phone: +55 21 2139 7441
Fax: +55 21 2139 7006
Technip Offshore UK Ltd
Enterprise Drive,
Westhill Industrial Estate,
Westhill, Aberdeen AB32 6TQ
United Kindom
Phone: +44 1224 271 374
Fax: +44 1224 407 671
Duco Inc.
16661 Jacintoport Blvd.
Houston, TX 77015
United States
Phone: +1 281 249 2900
Fax: +1 281 452 6100
Coflexip Singapore Pte Ltd.
Loyang Offshore Supply Base,
25 Loyang Crescent
Box 5161Blk 103 TOPS
Ave. 1 #02-07/08 Singapore, 508988
Phone: +65 6546 9100
Fax: +65 6546 9122
Technip Abu Dhabi
Al Muroor Rd.P.O. Box 7657
Abu Dhabi, UAE
Phone: +971 2 6116 548
Fax: +971 2 6266 580
www.technip.com/DRAPS
This document is the property of Technip and is not intended to be a binding contractual document.
Any information contained herein shall not result in any binding obligation on the part of Technip, or
any of its affiliates, and is provided for information purposes only.
Technip - Group Communications - August 2013 - Photo credits: Technip.