Experiment 1

5.1

Ferric hydroxide sol

A wine red sol of ferric hydroxide is obtained.

A white precipitate of AgCl is produced. This shows

presence of chloride ions in water. This confirms that Fe+
and Cl- ions diffuse out of the cellophane membrane
making the sol free from hydrochloric acid impurities.

5.2

Preparation of silver hydrosol by reduction with ferrous citrate

On filtering, the suspended silver passed through the

filter while the precipitated silver was retained. The
precipitated then was being washed with ammonium
nitrate then, wash again with distilled water. The silver
now dispersed in water and pass through the filter.

5.3

Preparation of silver hydrosol by reduction with dextrin

The silver is reduced by reducing sugar (dextrin) to form

a silver solid

Experiment 3

5.0

RESULT AND CALCULATION

5.1

Ash content:
Ash content % =

1.429 g
2.038 g

x 100

= 70.12 %
High ash content is undesirable for activated carbon since it reduces the mechanical
strength of carbon and affects adsorptive capacity.
5.2

Adsorption capacity:

The calibration plot for methylene blue at 664 nm was obtained as follows:
Methylene Blue Solution
(ppm)
50

100

150

200

250

Absorbance
0.037 A
0.039 A
0.039 A
0.053 A
0.054 A
0.053 A
0.544 A
0.545 A
0.542 A
3.073 A
3.075 A
3.068 A
3.497 A
3.533 A
3.535 A

Average
0.0383 A

0.0533 A

0.5436 A

3.0720 A

3.5217 A

Adsorption of methylene blue

4
3

adsorption (A)

2
1
0
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

concentration (ppm)

From the graph the slope was found to be 0.0506. Thus, equilibrium concentration at
time t, Ce= (absorbance)/(0.0506).

5.3

Carbon acidity:

pH of carbon after boiled = 8, shows basic.

pH of carbon after diluted = 5, shows acidic in nature

experiment 4

5.0

CALCULATION
5.1

Calculation for I2:

0.1N I20.1N = 0.1M

0.1M I2- = 0.05 M
Molar mass I2 = 253.8 g/mol
1L
1 mol = 253.8g
0.05 mol = 12.69 g
12.69g in 1 L
1.3 g in 0.1 L (100ml)
Weight of I2 in 100ml is 1.3g
5.2

Calculation of KI:

0.1N = 0.1M
Molar mass KI = 166.01 g/mol
1L
0.1 mol = 1 L = 16.6g
0.1 L = 1.7g
Weight of KI in 100ml is 1.7 g
5.3

Preparation of starch indicator:

1 g starch in 100ml
0.5g starch in 50ml
Hence, 0.25g starch prepared in 25ml of distilled water.

6.0

RESULT
6.1

Observation:

When sodium thiosulphate was titrate into the iodine, the color of the
changed from brown to yellow.

iodine was

When the mixture is added with 1ml of starch, the color of the mixture
changed to dark blue.

was

When the mixture was titrate again using the sodium thiosulphate, the
of the mixture was change from dark blue to colorless.

color

6.2

Volume of sodium thiosulphate used:

Final (ml)
Initial (ml)
Volume (ml)

1
9.20
0.50
8.70

2
18.0
9.30
8.70

Calculation:
A = (0.1) (12690.0) = 1269
B = (0.1) (126.90) = 12.69
DF = (100 + 10) = 4.4
25
X (1) = 1269 (4.4 x 12.69 x 9.10) = 744.76 mg/g
M
1.0219
X (2) = 1269 (4.4 x 12.69 x 8.85) = 758.43 mg/g
M
1.0219
X (3) = 1269 (4.4 x 12.69 x 9.15) = 742.03 mg/g
M
1.0219
X (average) = 744.76 + 758.43 + 742.03 = 744.76 mg/g
M
3
C(1) = 0.1 x 9.1 = 0.0364 M
25
C(2) = 0.1 x 9.1 = 0.0354 M
25
C(3) = 0.1 x 9.1 = 0.0366 M
25

3
28.50
19.60
8.90