1.1.1.

1 Excessive Movements
Excessive wall deflection may induce adverse moveements to adjacent foundations, cause
large surface settlement, lead to cracking of pavement and underground utilities.
1.1.1.2 Lowering of Ground Water Table
Lowering of ground water table will increase the effective stress in soft Clay and result in
consolidation settlement.

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-1: Lowering ground water table
1.1.2 Obseravation Approach in Deep Excavation
Obseravation approach is a check-and-balance process that enable us to:
Check the adequacy of the design
Anticipate potential problems
Modify the design where necessary
Optimize the design
Make contigency plan
Avoid unnessary delay

1.2 Soil investigation

1.2.1 Extent and number of boreholes
The extent and number of investigation points are required to establish the ground
condition and water regime, and their variability along RW/boundaries/influence zones of
excavation works. For most embedded walls, site investigation should consider the
following: