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Tunneling - ICE Event - Paul Nicholas PDF
Tunneling - ICE Event - Paul Nicholas PDF
Transit / Metro
Rail
Highways
Water and Sewer
Utilities
Hydro
Mining
Special projects
Tunnel Methods
Conventional
Mechanised excavation / Road headers
Drill and Blast (D&B)
Mechanised
Open face TBM Gripper & Open shield
Closed face TBM Slurry, EPB & Dual mode
Specialty
Microtunneling
Immersed Tube
Cut and Cover
Tunnel liner
Conventional Tunneling
None Rock
NATM Shotcrete / Mesh / Bolts
Cast in Situ RC
Mechanised Tunneling
None
Shotcrete / Bolts - Cast in Situ
Tunnel Pre Cast Rings / Segments
Pre Cast Pipes
Related Construction
Ground Treatment
Grouting
Deep soil mixing
Freezing
De Watering
Shaft Construction
Pre Construction
Tunnel Requirement
Geotechnical Survey
Topo Survey
Building Survey
Traffic / Road Survey
GEOTECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS GENERALLY
DETERMINE TUNNEL METHODOLOGY
Method Choice
Dry or Very Low Permeability Rock - Non Urban
Road Header <60mpa (shielded or un shielded)
Drill & Blast
TBM Open Gripper Shielded Gripper
Primary Support
Rock Bolts
Sprayed Concrete / Mesh
Final Liner
None
In Situ cast RC Liner
Pre Cast Segment Rings (Fractured Rock)
Road Headers
Rock Tunnel
Forepoling Umbrella
Method Choice
Dry Rock or Very Low Permeability Urban (No Blasting)
TBM Open Gripper type , Open Shielded ( Longer Lengths)
Road Header - <60mpa
Drill & Chemical splitting ( Short Lengths)
Primary Support
Rock Bolts
Sprayed Concrete / Mesh
Pre Cast segment Rings (Final Liner)
Final Liner
None
In Situ cast RC Liner
Method Choice
Rock Water High Permeability All areas
TBM- Shielded Closed Face (EPB and Slurry)
Method Choice
Soft Ground Dry (Urban, Non Urban)
Short Drives Consolidated Ground (Clay, Silt)
Back Hoe type Excavator
NATM Primary support (Shotcrete , mesh, Lattice Girders)
Cast in Situ Final Liner
Forepoling and grouting may be required
Long Drives
TBM EPB - Shielded , Open or Closed
Liner- Pre Cast Segmental Rings
Small Dia. <3m
Pipe Jacking Open face shield / EPB
Hand Mine or mechanical excavation
Pre Cast Jacking Pipes
EPB TBM
Method Choice
Soft Ground Wet Unstable High Permeability
(Sand, Silt)
TBM Shielded Closed Face Slurry (EPB - Clay)
Liner Pre Cast Segmental Tunnel Rings
RC Reinforced Concrete
PC - Polymer Concrete
VC - Vitrified Clay
Composite - Fiberglass
Slurry TBM
Slurry System
Solids Removal
Segmental tunnel
Segment Transport
to TBM
Microtunneling TBM
Method Choice
Cut and Cover
Generally for shallow tunnels with less than 1 x Dia cover
Temporary ground support
Sloped excavation Stable Ground and Space
Piles (Soldier, Secant) steel sheets
Bolts and Shotcrete in Rock
Immersed Tube
For Shallow Water Crossings
IMT Advantages
IMT Stages
Excavation
Box Construction
Floatation
IMT Immersion
Tunnel Shafts
Secant Piles
Tunnel Shafts
Shaft Segments
Caisson
Different !!
Station TBM ?
WHAT IS MICROTUNNELLING
REMOTE CONTROLLED PIPE JACKING
ACCURATE GUIDANCE +/- 15mm
CONTROL OF GROUND & WATER
PRESSURE
( 3600mm OD)
Microtunnelling System
Heads
Soil
Mixed Face
Rock
Varying degrees of success
with:
Building Foundations
Garbage dumps
Wood/Piles
Ships
Caverns/Voids
Slurry Microtunneling in
Hard Rock
Single disc or
two-row tungsten
carbide cutters
Premature wear of
Less efficient
excavation method
As Complex ?
DN1800
Unlined Shaft
Site Set Up
ThActive target system uses the beam of the laser to calculate the vertical and
horizontal angle of the laser beam to the MTBM
Using the target data and the steering ram position, the computer system calculates
the anticipated MTBM position ten feet forward.
Separation Plant
On Line On Grade
Slurry Microtunneling
Advantages
Disadvantages
Longest 2880m
Interceptor Alignment
DN2400 MT Site
Drain Crossing
2400 MTBM
9m Jacking Shaft
Manhole Construction
Cuttack MT Project
Cuttack Odisha Sanitary Sewer Project JICA funded
255 Km (Extended to 400Km) of Property connections
Old Central City Area Very Congested
Trenchless Technology for 18 routes (10km) 150-600mm
Larsen & Toubro (L&T) Successful Bidder
Michigan Engineering MT Subcontractor
AECOM DDC for the Microtunnelling
Cuttack Microtunnelling
Slurry and Auger systems allowed
Ground: Alluvium deposits of sand - with silt and clay, high
WT 1-2m below GL, N 1-20
Cuttack MT Routes
Crowded Streets
THANK YOU