80 Bai Voa Song Ngu Anh Viet

Luyn nghe ting Anh qua video VOA
Unit 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Designing a Quake-Resistant
Building Starts at the Soil
Thit k mt to nh chng ng
t cn bt u t vic nghin cu
t
Im Alex Villarreal with the VOA

Special English Technology Report.
Ti l Alex Villareal vi bn tin v

cng ngh ca chng trnh ting
Anh c bit ca i VOA.
Builders in developing countries are

often not required to build strong
buildings.
Cng nhn xy dng cc nc ang

pht trin thng khng c yu cu
phi xy nhng to nh kin c.
So, when a disaster strikes, the

damage is often widespread.
V vy, khi thin tai xy ra, s tn ph

thng rt ln.
Yet, Japan is one of the most

developed countries in the world.
Tuy Nht Bn l mt trong nhng

quc gia pht trin nht trn th gii.
Still, the March eleventh tsunami

waves destroyed more than fourteen
thousand buildings.
Vy nhng trn sng thn ngy 11

thng 3 ph hu hn 14 nghn ngi
nh.
Brandy Cox is an assistant professor

of civil engineering at the University
Brandy Cox l tr l gio s v k

thut xy dng i hc Arkansas.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of Arkansas.
He is also an earthquake expert with
an organization called Geotechnical
Extreme Events Reconnaissance, or
GEER.
ng y cng l chuyn gia v ng

t vi mt t chc c tn gi l
Geotechnical Extreme Events
Reconnaissance, (kho st cc s kin
a k thut cc i) hay vit tt l
GEER.
The group studies major disasters.
Nhm ny nghin cu cc thm ho

thin tai ln.
Professor Cox says Japan has one of

the best building code systems in the
world.
Gio s Cox ni rng Nht Bn s

hu mt trong nhng h thng quy
chun xy dng tt nht trn th gii.
However, he says, this earthquake

was huge, one of the top five
earthquakes in recorded history.
Tuy vy, ng cng cho rng trn ng

t ny qu ln, l mt trong nm
trn ng t ln nht c ghi nhn
trong lch s.
So anytime there is an earthquake

that large, there is going to be
damage.
V vy bt c khi no mt trn ng
t ln xy ra cng s mang theo s
tn ph.
The quake measured magnitude nine. Trn ng t o c t cp 9.

He says one thing many people dont
understand is that building codes are
meant to prevent loss of life in
earthquakes.
ng ni rng mt iu m nhiu
ngi khng hiu l quy chun xy
dng c ngha trong vic ngn chn
thit hi v tnh mng trong cc trn
ng t.
That doesnt mean that the buildings

wont have major damage.
iu ny khng c ngha l cc to
nh khng phi chu nhng thit hi
ln.
Mr. Cox says Japan has invested a

lot in seismic research and design
ng Cox cho bit Nht u t kh

nhiu vo vic nghin cu a chn
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------since a magnitude seven point five

earthquake in Niigata in nineteen
sixty-four. That same year a nine
point two quake shook the American
state of Alaska.
v thit k k t mt trn ng t 7,5

xy ra ti Niigata vo nm 1964.
Cng nm mt trn ng t 9,2
lm rung chuyn bang Alaska ca
M.
He says those two earthquakes

opened up a lot of new research on
something called soil liquefaction.
ng y ni rng hai trn ng t m

ra hng nghin cu mi v qu trnh
ho lng t.
Soil liquefaction is the process by

Ho lng t l qu trnh trong
which the strength of stiffness of soil cng ca t b lm cho yu i bi s
is weakened by an event like the
rung lc ca trn ng t.
shaking of an earthquake.
The soil begins to move like liquid.
t bt u chuyn ng ging nh
cht lng.
Professor Cox says the first step to

designing an earthquake-resistant
building is to study the soil.
Gio s Cox ni rng bc u tin

thit k mt to nh c kh nng
chng ng t l nghin cu t.
Then the structural engineers take

that information and decide the
details of the construction, such as, is
this going to be a steel structure?
Sau cc k s kt cu s s dng
cc thng tin v quyt nh chi tit
ca cng trnh, v d nh c s dng
kt cu thp hay khng?
Is it going to be reinforced concrete?
B tng ct thp c c s dng

xy dng hay khng?
How will the framing of the building

be designed?
Cu trc khung ca to nh s c
thit k nh th no?
A team from Geotechnical Extreme

Events Reconnaissance is going to
Japan to examine the destruction.
Mt i kho st cc s kin a k
thut cc i s n Nht Bn
kim tra s tn ph gy ra bi trn
ng t.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mr. Cox says they will also be

working on rebuilding efforts. They
want to make sure that schools,
hospitals, police and fire stations and
government buildings are rebuilt
well.
ng Cox ni rng h cng s tham

gia cc n lc ti xy dng. H mun
m bo rng trng hc, bnh vin,
s cnh st, trm cu ho v cc to
nh ca chnh ph c ti xy dng
tt.
Mr. Cox and other members of

GEER went to Haiti after the
powerful earthquake last year, and
continue to work with Haitian
officials.
ng Cox v cc thnh vin khc ca

t chc GEER n Haiti sau trn
ng t khng khip nm ngoi, v
ang tip tc lm vic vi cc quan
chc Haiti.
For VOA Special English, Im Alex

Villarreal.
Chng trnh ting Anh c bit ca

i VOA, ti l Alex Villareal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft Says Google Blocks

Competition in Europe Search
Market
Microsoft cho rng Google gy tr

ngi cho cnh tranh trn th trng
tm kim online Chu u
This is VOA Special English
y l bn tin kinh t trong chng
Economics Report
trnh ting Anh c bit ca i VOA.
Microsoft has fought legal battles
Hng Microsoft gy nn trn chin
with officials in Europe and the
php lut vi cc quan chc Chu u
United States over competition in
v Hoa K v cuc cnh tranh trong th
the personal computer market.
trng my tnh c nhn.
But at the end of March,
Nhng vo cui thng ba, Microsoft
Microsoft accused Google of
buc ti Google v vic cnh tranh
being anti-competitive.
khng lnh mnh.
A complaint to the European

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Commission accused Google of
Li khiu ni c gi ti y ban
unfairly controlling the Internet
Chu u buc ti Google v vic
search market in Europe.
kim sot bt bnh ng th trng tm

kim trn Internet Chu u.
Google was already talking to the
Google trao i vi y ban v vn
Commission about the issue and
ny v ni rng cng ty rt vinh
said it was happy to explain to
hnh c gii thch vi mi ngi v
anyone how its business works.
c ch vn hnh cng vic kinh doanh.

Nhng Google cng phi i mt vi
But Google also faced other
cc vn khc
issues
Ngi s dng Gmail Trung Quc
Gmail users in China began
bt u ghi nhn cc vn vi dch v
reporting problems with Googles email ca Google vo cui thng hai.

email service in late February.
Vn y l cc thng tin v cuc
The problems came as news of
cch mng trong th gii A-rp trn
the revolution in the Arab world
ngp Internet v xut hin cc cuc li
filled the Internet and there were
ku gi biu tnh phn khng Trung
online calls for protests in China.
Quc.
Google ni rng chnh ph ang can
Google said the government was

interfering with its email service
Chinese Foreign Ministry
spokewoman Jiang Yu called
those accusations unacceptable
thip vo dch v email ca hng

Pht ngn vin ca b Ngoi Giao
Trung Quc Jiang Yu cho rng nhng
li buc ti l khng th chp nhn
c.
Nhng pht ngn vin ca Google
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Jessica Powell th li cho rng, y l

But Google spokewoman Jessica
Powell said, This is a
government blockage, carefully
mt vn trc trc ca chnh ph,

c sp xp li mt cch cn thn
trng c v nh l vn ca Gmail.
designed to look like the problem
Google ang dn u th gii v tm
is with Gmail.
kim trn Internet.
Google is the world leader in
Nhng Trung Quc, cng c tm
Internet search
kim ln nht l Baidu.
But in China the biggest search
Vo cui thng ba, cng ty truyn
engine is Baidu
thng ln nht trn Internet, Sina,
And in the late March, Chineses

largest Internet media company,
loi b cng c tm kim cu Google ra

khi website ca hng.
Sina, dropped Googles search
Sina cho bit cng ty s s dng cng
engine from its website.
ngh ca ring mnh.
Sina said it would use its own
c tnh c khong bn trm nm
technology
mi triu ngi Trung Quc ang
An estimated four hundred fifty

million Chinese are online
about half of all Internet users in
Asia.
In two thousand ten, Google said,
a cyberattack from China had
attempted to get the information
from the Gmail accounts of
human rights activists.
ng k trc tuyn chim khong

mt na tng s ngi s dng Internet
Chu .
Google ni rng, nm 2010, mt cuc
tn cng cng ngh t Trung Quc
c gng ly thng tin ti khon Gmail
ca nhng nh hot ng x hi v
quyn con ngi.
Google cng by t nhng lo ngi v
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Google also express concerns
cng tc kim duyt
about censorship.
Do vy Google ti nh v cng c
So Google relocated its Chinese
tm kim ti Trung Quc ca mnh t
search engine from the mainland
Trung Quc i lc sang Hong Kong.
to Hong Kong.
Vo thng ba, Google cng phi i
In March, Google also faced new
mt vi nhng vn mi ngay trn
problems at home.
qu nh.
Mt v thm phn lin bang New
A federal judge in New York

ruled against its plan to put
millions of books online.
Google wants to create a digital
library of all the worlds books.
It reached one hundred twenty
five million dollar deal in two
thousand eight with groups
representing writers and
publishers.
Google agreed to create a system
to pay copyright holders when
their works are used online.
York ra lnh chng li k hoch a

hng triu cun sch ln mng ca
Google.
Google mun to ra mt th vin k
thut s bao gm tt c cc cun sch
trn th gii.
Hng t doanh thu mt trm hai
mi nm triu la trong nm 2008
vi cc nhm i din cho tc gi v
nh xut bn
Google ng thit lp mt h
thng chi tr bn quyn cho ngi s
hu khi cc tc phm ca h c s
dng trn mng.
Nhng thm phn Denny Chin
But judge Denny Chin rejected

the proposed settlement.
khc t ngh tha thun trn.

ng ni rng iu ny s mang li cho
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------He said it would give Google
Google kh nng kim sot c quyn
monopoly control of the book
th trng tm kim sch
search market
Nhng ng vn ng kh nng cho
But he left open the possibility for mt k hoch mi.

a new plan
Trong mt s kin, Baidu Trung
On a similar issue, Baidu in China Quc ni rng hng g b gn ba

triu vn bn t th vin ca mnh.
said it removed almost three
million documents from its
library.
Cc tc gi khiu ni v vic Baidu
Writers have complained that
khng nhn c s cho php
Baidu did not have permission for nhng tc phm ca h xut hin trn
their works to appear on its
trang web chia s ti liu vn bn.
document-sharing site.
y l chng trnh ting Anh c bit
For VOA Special English, Im
ca i VOA, ti l Alex Villarreal.
Alex Villarreal
Bn c th c v nghe chng trnh
You can read and listen to our
ca chng ti v thng mi v cc ch
program about business and other
khc trn trang
subjects at
voaspeacialenglish.com.
voaspeacialenglish.com.
V click vo lp hc xem cc bi
And click on the classroom for
hc tng tc cho ngi hc ting Anh.
interactive exercises for English

learners.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test of Big Space Rocket Set for
Th nghim b thit b phng tn
Late 2012
la khng gian c ln vo cui nm

2012
This is VOA Special English
y l bn tin cng ngh trong chng
Technology Report.
An American space company says
Mt cng ty v khng gian ca Hoa K
a powerful new rocket should be
ni rng h ang sn sng cho vic
ready for a test launch by the end of phng th nghim mt tn la c sc

mnh ln.
next year.
The company is Space Exploration
Cng ty c tn l Space Exploration
Technologies, or SpaceX.
Technologies (cng ngh khm ph
Its new rocket is called the Falcon
khng gian) hay SpaceX.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Heavy.
Tn la mi c tn l Falcon Heavy.
Company officials say it will be
Cc nhn vin cng ty cho bit tn la
able to transport satellites or
s c kh nng vn chuyn cc v tinh
spacecraft weighing up to fifty-
nhn to hoc cc tu v tr nng ti
three metric tons into orbit.
53 tn m-tric vo qu o.
That load weight is double the
Kh nng ti trng ln gn hai ln
capacity of NASA space shuttles.
cc tu con thoi khng gian ca NASA.
The space agency is retiring its
C quan khng gian v tr ny ang
shuttles after thirty years.
thu hi cc tu con thoi ca mnh v

hu sau ba mi nm hot ng.
Elon Musk is the chief executive
Elon Musk l gim c iu hnh ca
officer of SpaceX.
SpaceX.
He says fifty-three metric tons is
ng ni nm mi ba t tn m tric l
more than the weight of a fully
nhiu hn c trng lng ca mt my
loaded Boeing 737 with one
bay Boeing 737 vi mt trm ba mi
hundred thirty-six passengers,
su hnh khch, hnh l v nhin liu.
luggage and fuel.
ng ni, n c kh nng p ng chi
It's more payload capability than
ph vn ti ln hn bt k loi phng
any space vehicle in history, he
tin khng gian no tng c trong lch
says, apart from the Saturn Five.
s, ngoi tr Saturn Five.
NASA used Saturn Five rockets
NASA s dng tn la Saturn Five
during its Apollo and Skylab
trong sut chng trnh Apollo v
programs in the nineteen sixties
Skylab ca mnh vo nhng nm 1960
and seventies.
v 1970.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A Saturn Five launched the Apollo
Tn la Saturn Five phng tu
11 mission that landed the first
Apollo 11, lm nn cuc t chn u
humans on the moon in nineteen
tin ca con ngi trn mt trng vo
sixty-nine.
nm 1969.
The rockets were removed from
Nhng tn la ny c ngng hot
service in nineteen seventy-three.
ng vo nm 1973.
But they remain the most powerful
Nhng chng vn l nhng tn la
ever built.
mnh nht tng c sn xut.
Elon Musk says the Falcon Heavy
Elon Musk ni Falcon Heavy s l tn
will be the second most powerful
la mnh th hai tng xut hin.
rocket ever.
ng ni n c thit k lm
He says it was designed to do more
nhiu hn cng vic vn chuyn cc v
than carry satellites and other
tinh nhn to v cc thit b khc vo
equipment into space.
khng gian.
He says the rocket was designed to
ng ni tn la c thit k p
meet NASA's ratings for human
ng c tiu chun ca NASA cho s
flight safety.
an ton ca nhng chuyn bay c s

tham gia ca con ngi.
So it could someday be used to
V vy mt ngy no n c th c
carry astronauts and other travelers
s dng mang theo cc phi hnh gia
into space.
v khch du lch vo khng gian.
Mr. Musk says the Falcon Heavy
ng Musk ni Falcon Heavy c th
could also be used for missions like c s dng cho cc nhim v nh

carrying a robotic lander to collect mang theo cc r-bt h cnh xung
sao Ho thu thp cc mu vt.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------samples from Mars.

He says a mission like that requires ng ni mt nhim v nh vy i hi
a great amount of lift capability.
mt kh nng chuyn ch rt ln.
The lander has to reach Mars and
Thit b sau khi p xung sao Ho vn
still have enough fuel to return to
phi c nhin liu quay tr v tri
Earth.
t.
The first launch is planned from the Cuc phng tu u tin c ln k

company's launch site at
hoch thc hin a im ca cng ty
Vandenberg Air Force Base in
Vandenberg Air Force Base
California.
California.
A launch from Cape Canaveral,
Cuc phng tu t Cape Canaveral,
Florida, is expected in late twenty-
Florida c d kin vo nm 2013
thirteen or fourteen.
hoc 2014.
In time, SpaceX hopes to launch
Trong tng lai, SpaceX hi vng s
ten Falcon Heavy rockets a year.
phng c 10 tn la Falcon Heavy

trong mt nm.
It says the rocket should reduce
Cng ty ni rng chi ph cho cc cuc
launch costs to about two thousand
phng tn la nn ct gim xung vo
dollars a kilogram.
khong 2000 -la/ kilogram.
That is about one-tenth the cost of
Con s bng khong 1/10 chi ph
carrying loads into orbit on a space
vn chuyn vo qu o trn mt tu
shuttle.
con thoi khng gian.
SpaceX already has a billion-and-a- SpaceX c tho thun thng mi

half-dollar deal with NASA to use
1500 la vi NASA s dng mt tn
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a smaller rocket to transport cargo
la nh vn chuyn hng ho ln
to the International Space Station.
trm v tr khng gian quc t.
The rocket is the Falcon 9, and the
Tn la thc hin s l Falcon 9, v
deal is for after the two last shuttles tho thun ny s c thc thi sau khi
-- Endeavour and Atlantis -- are
hai tu khng gian cui cng retired this year.
Endeavour v Atlantis - c rt v
trong nm nay.
For VOA Special English, I'm
Carolyn Presutti.
i VOA, ti l Carolyn Presutti.
For more ways to learn American
bit thm nhiu cch hc ting Anh
English and stay informed every
M v cp nht thng tin hng ngy,
day, go to voaspecialenglish.com
hy vo trang voaspeacialenglish.com
from your computer or mobile
t my tnh hoc thit b di ng ca
device.
bn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nuclear Crisis in Japan Raises
Khng hong ht nhn Nht lm
Worries About Radiation Risks.
dy ln mi lo ngi v nguy c
nhim c phng x.
I'm Alex Villarreal with the VOA
Ti l Alex Villarreal vi bn tin v
Special English Health Report.
sc khe trong chng trnh ting

Anh c bit ca i VOA.
The crisis at the damaged Fukushima Khng hong nh my in ht

Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Station in
nhn Dai-Ichi b ph hy
northern Japan has raised worries
Fukushima min Bc Nht Bn
about radiation risks.
lm dy ln mi lo ngi v nguy c
nhim c phng x.
We spoke with Jonathan Links, an
Chng ti c cuc tr chuyn vi
expert in radiation health sciences.
Jonathan Links, mt chuyn gia v

khoa hc sc khe phng x.
He is a professor at the Johns
ng l gio s trng sc khe
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hopkins Bloomberg School of
cng ng Johns Hopkins
Public Health in Baltimore,
Bloomberg, Baltimore, Maryland.
Maryland.
Professor Links says workers within
Gio s Links ni rng cc cng nhn
the nuclear plant are the only people
lm vic trong nh my in ht nhn
at risk of extremely high doses of
l nhng ngi duy nht c nguy c
radiation.
nhim phng x vi liu lng cc

cao.
For other people, he says, there may
ng ni rng nhng ngi khc c
be a long-term worry.
th phi lo ngi n nhng nh hng

v lu di.
People can get cancer from low
Con ngi c th b ung th nu b
doses of ionizing radiation, the kind
nhim bc x in ha cng thp,
released in a nuclear accident.
loi phng x thng c gii

phng trong mt v tai nn ht nhn.
Professor Links says scientists can
Gio s Links ni cc nh khoa hc
use computers to quickly model
c th s dng my in ton m
where radioactive material has blown hnh ha v nh v ni cht phng x

and settled.
b r r.
Then they measure how large an area Sau h o c mc rng ln

is contaminated.
ca khu vc b nhim c.
He says if the situation is serious
ng ni nu tnh hnh thc s nghim
enough, officials could take steps
trng, cc quan chc c th hnh
like telling people not to eat locally
ng bng cch ni vi ngi dn
grown food or drink the water.
khng n thc phm hoc ung nc

c ngun gc ti a phng b nh
hng phng x.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------But he said that would only be the
Nhng ng ni rng iu ch cn
case if there was a major release of
thit trong trng hp c s r r
radiation.
phng x ln xy ra.
And if it was shown that the
V nu nh cht phng x r r ra
radioactive material was blown over
ngoi khu vc kim sot v thm
the area and then settled into and
nhp vo trong nc, cc loi thc
onto water, plants, fruits and
vt, v rau qu.
vegetables.
The reactors at Fukushima are on the L phn ng ht nhn Fukusima
Pacific coast.
nm trn b bin Thi Bnh Dng.
But Professor Links says people
Nhng gio s Links ni ngi dn
should not worry about any
khng nn lo lng v bt c cht
radioactive material leaking into the
phng x no r r chy ra i dng.
ocean.
He said even in the worst accident,
ng ni ngay c trong tnh hung ti
the sea dilutes the radiation. So the
t nht, nc bin cng s pha long
amount of radioactivity in the
cht phng x.
seawater would still be quite low.
V vy lng phng x trong nc

bin s ch cn kh thp.
Japan is the only country to have had Nht Bn l quc gia duy nht phi
atomic bombs dropped on it.
hng chu bom nguyn t.
That memory from World War Two
Gio s Links ni rng k c t
would create a stronger
th chin th hai to nn s nhy
"psychological sensitivity" to
cm tm l i vi nhng tn tht
radiation exposure, Professors Links
m phng x gy ra.
says.
The twenty-fifth anniversary of the
L k nim ln th 25 v chy n ph
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------explosion and fire that destroyed a
hy l phn ng nh my in ht
reactor at Chernobyl in Ukraine was
nhn Cherbobyl Ukraine din ra
in April.
vo thng t.
The nineteen eighty-six event was
S kin nm 1986 l tai nn ti t
the world's worst accident in the
nht trong lch s ngnh in ht
nuclear power industry.
nhn.
A new United Nations report says
Mt bo co mi y ca Hoa K cho
more than six thousand cases of
thy hn 6000 trng hp ung th
thyroid cancer have been found.
tuyn gip c tm thy.
These are in people who were
l nhng ngi dn tng l
children in affected areas of Belarus,
nhng a tr sng trong nhng khu
Russia and Ukraine.
vc b nh hng ca Belarus, Nga,

v Ukraine.
The report says that by two thousand
Bo co ni rng tnh n nm 2005,
five the cancers had resulted in
15 ngi cht v ung th
fifteen deaths.
The cancers were largely caused by
Cc chng bnh ung th lan truyn
drinking contaminated milk.
trn din rng v ngi dn ung sa

b nhim c.
The milk came from cows that ate
Sa c ly t nhng con cu n c
grass where radioactive material had
nhng ni b nh hng cht phng
fallen.
x.
For VOA Special English I'm Alex
Villarreal.
i VOA, ti l Alex Villarreal.
To get the latest updates, go to
cp nht nhng tin tc mi nht,
voaspecialenglish.com.
hy vo trang voaspecialenglish.com.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comparing American and
So snh cch gio dc con ci ca
Chinese Parents
cc bc cha m ngi M v ngi

Hoa
I'm Mario Ritter with the VOA
Ti l Mario Ritter vi bn tin v gio
Special English Education Report.
dc trong chng trnh ting Anh c

bit ca i VOA.
Some American parents might
Mt s b m ngi M c th ngh
think their children need better
rng con ci ca h cn s gio dc tt
educations to compete with China
hn cnh tranh vi Trung Quc v
and other countries.
cc quc gia khc.
But how much do the parents
Nhng cc bc cha m cn phi thay
themselves need to change?
i bn thn h bao nhiu mi l ?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A new book called "Battle Hymn
Mt cun sch mi c tn "Battle
of the Tiger Mother" by Amy Chua Hymn of the Tiger Mother" (Chin ca
has caused a debate about cultural
ca M H) ca Amy Chua gy nn
differences in parenting.
cuc tranh ci v s khc bit v vn

ha trong cch dy d con ci.
Ms. Chua is a professor at the Yale
B Chua l gio s Lut i hc
Law School in New Haven,
Yale, New Haven, bang Connecticut,
Connecticut, and the mother of two
v l m ca hai c con gi.
daughters.
She was raised in the American
B c nui dy bi cha m nhp c
Midwest by immigrant Chinese
ngi Hoa v ln ln min Trung
parents.
Ty nc M.
In the Chinese culture, the tiger
Trong vn ha Trung Hoa, h tng
represents strength and power.
trng cho sc mnh v quyn lc.
In her book, Ms. Chua writes about
Trong cun sch ca mnh, b Chua
how she demanded excellence from vit v cch b i hi s xut sc t

her daughters.
cc c con gi ca mnh
For example, she threatened to burn V nh b da t th nhi bng ca

her daughter's stuffed animals
con gi khi c b khng chi c bn
unless she played a piece of music
nhc mt cch hon ho.
perfectly.
B s chi mng con gi mnh nu
She would insult her daughters if
chng khng p ng c k vng
they failed to meet her
ca m.
expectations.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ms. Chua says she had a clear list
B Chua ni b c mt danh sch r
of what her daughters, Sophia and
rng nhng iu m hai c con gi,
Louisa, were not permitted to do.
Sophia v Louisa, khng c php

lm.
They could not attend a sleepover,
Chng khng c ng qua m ni
have a play date, watch TV or play
khng phi nh mnh, khng c t
computer games, be in a school
do la chn bn b, khng c xem
play or get any grade less than an
ti-vi hay chi game, khng c t do
A.
la chn cc hot ng ngoi kha

trng, im s cc mn hc khng
c di A.
Many people have criticized Amy

Chua.
Some say her parenting methods
were abusive.
She even admits that her husband,
who is not Chinese, sometimes
objected to her parenting style.
But she says that was the way her
parents raised her and her three
Nhiu ngi ch trch Amy Chua.

Mt s ngi ni phng php dy d
ca b l ngc i.
B thm ch th nhn rng chng mnh,
khng phi l ngi Hoa, i khi cng
phn i b cch dy con theo cch .
Nhng b ni l cch m cha m
ca b nui dy b v ba ch em gi.
sisters.
Ms. Chua makes fun of her own
B Chua ni mt cch hi hc v cch
extreme style of parenting.
dy con khc nghit ca ring mnh.
She says she eased some of the
B ni b gim bt mt cht p lc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------pressure after her younger daughter sau khi con gi t ca mnh chng i
rebelled and shouted "I hate my
v ht ln Con ght cuc sng ca
life! I hate you!"
mnh! Con ght m!
Ms. Chua says she decided to
B Chua ni b quyt nh th lng khi
retreat when it seemed like there
nhn thy nguy c b c th mt con
was a risk that she might lose her
gi mnh.
daughter.
But she also says American parents Nhng b cng ni cc bc cha m
often have low expectations of their ngi M thng khng k vng nhiu
children's abilities.
vo nng lc ca con ci h
She says: "One of the biggest
B ni: Mt trong nhng khc bit ln
differences I see between Western
nht m ti thy gia cc bc cha m
and Chinese parents is that Chinese phng Ty v Trung Quc l cha m

parents assume strength rather than ngi Hoa la chn sc mnh hn l
fragility."
s mm mng.
Stacy DeBroff has written four
Stacy DeBroff vit bn cun sch v
books on parenting.
gio dc con ci.
She says the debate over Ms.
B ni rng cuc tranh lun v cun
Chua's book has to do with two
sch ca b Chua t ra hai cu hi.
questions.
Nh th no th c ngha l mt bc
What does it mean to be a
cha m thnh cng, v th no l mt
successful parent, and what does it
a tr thnh cng?
mean to be a successful child?

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ms. DeBroff says Amy Chua's
B DeBroff ni cch dy con ca Amy
parenting style is not limited to
Chua khng ch gii hn trong cc gia
Chinese families.
nh Trung Quc.
She says it represents a traditional
B ni n i din cho cch dy con
way of parenting among
truyn thng ca nhng ngi nhp c
immigrants seeking a better future
tm kim mt tng lai tt hn cho con
for their children.
ci ca mnh.
But she also sees a risk.
Nhng b cng thy c s ri ro trong

.
When children have no time to be
Khi nhng a tr khng c thi gian
social or to follow their own
ha ng vo cc hot ng x hi
interests, they might not develop
hoc theo ui s thch ring, chng s
other skills that they need to
kh pht trin c cc k nng khc
succeed in life.
cn thit thnh cng trong cuc
Stacey DeBroff advises parents to
sng.
develop their own style of
Stacey DeBroff khuyn cc bc cha m
parenting and not just repeat the
hy pht trin cch gio dc con ci
way they were raised.
ca ring mnh v khng ch lp li

cch m chnh h c nui dy.
And that's the VOA Special

English Education Report.
What are your thoughts about
parenting styles and cultural
V y l bn tin gio dc trong

chng trnh ting Anh c bit ca i
VOA.
Quan im ca bn v phng php
nui dy con ci v s khc bit vn
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------differences?
ha nh th no?
Tell us at voaspecialenglish.com or
Hy chia s vi chng ti trn trang
on Facebook at VOA Learning
voaspecialenglish.com hoc trn
English.
Facebook a ch VOA Learning

English.
Mario Ritter.
i VOA, ti l Mario Ritter.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 6
Unit 7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using Computer Games to
Dng computer game ng h
Support Democracy and Conflict
dn ch v gii quyt xung t
Resolution
Video games can be fun to play.
Chi video-game c th rt th v.
They also can teach people how to
Chng c th dy cho ngi chi
settle conflicts peacefully.
cch ha gii xung t mt cch ha

bnh.
This is a video game called Food
y l video-game c tn gi Food
Force.
Force.
It can be downloaded from the Web
N c th c download t trang
site of the World Food Program.
Web ca Chng trnh thc phm

ton cu.
The groups Jennifer Parmalee says
Nhm ca Jennifer Parmalee ni rng
the game shows children the
game ny ch cho tr em thy s kh
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------difficulty of getting food to areas of
khn khi vn chuyn thc n n
conflict.
nhng vng xy ra tranh chp xung

t.
JENNIFER PARMALEE: It helps
N gip ngi chi cm thy h l
them feel like they can be part of a
mt phn ca gii php. N mang li
solution. Thats something
cho h cm gic thch th v c
empowering and fun for them.
nm quyn.
Another video game is called A
Mt video-game khc c tn gi l A
Force More Powerful.
Force More Powerful.
It takes place in a city similar to
Bi cnh l mt thnh ph tng t
Belgrade in the former Yugoslavia.
nh Belgrade lin bang Nam T

trc y.
Ivan Marovic designed the game.
Ivan Marovic l ngi thit k game

ny.
Mi nm trc y, ng tng t
Ten years ago, he organized protests
chc cc cuc biu tnh chng li
against Yugoslav President Slobodan tng thng ngi Nam T Slobodan

Milosevic.
Milosevic.
The president resigned after disputed V tng thng ny t chc sau kt
election results in two thousand.
qu bu c gy tranh ci vo nm
2000.
He was arrested on war crimes
ng b bt v co buc ti c chin
charges, but died before his trial was
tranh, nhng cht trc khi v xt
completed.
x kt thc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Marovic says his game shows non-
Marovic ni rng game ca ng ch ra
violent ways to help remove
nhng cch phi bo lc gp phn
oppressive governments.
d b chnh quyn n p.
IVAN MAROVIC: Like strikes,
Ging nh cc cuc bi cng, bi
boycotts, civil disobedience, street
xch, bt tun lut php, biu tnh
protests, in order to force the regime
ng ph nhm gy sc p buc th
to either concede or to step down.
ch cm quyn nhng b hoc gii

th.
Marovic says another goal is to win
Marovic ni mt mc ch khc l
public support.
phi thng c s ng h ca cng

chng.
He says the goal is to win the loyalty

of people who support the
government.
Another goal is to keep up the
interest of your current supporters.
This game deals with the situation in
Darfur, Sudan.
The conflict in Darfur has displaced
three million people.
ng ni mc ch hng ti l chin
thng c s trung thnh ca nhng
ngi dn ng h chnh quyn.
Mt mc ch khc l duy tr c s
quan tm ch ca nhng ngi ng
h hin ti.
Game ny cp n tnh hnh
Danfur, Sudan.
Xung t Danfur khin ba triu
ngi phi di tn khi ch .
Mt trang web c tn Second Life
A Web site called Second Life was
c s dng to ra game video
used to create the Darfur video game. Darfur.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Players can build their own make-
Ngi chi c th xy dng th gii
believe world and contact others
theo nim tin ca ring mnh v lin
through voice and text messages.
h vi cc th gii khc thng qua

giao tip ging ni (voice) v thng
ip vn bn.
Scott Sechser works for Linden

Labs, which created Second Life.
Scott Sechser lm vic cho Linden

Labs, cng ty sng to ra Second
Life.
ng ni game ny cho php ngi
He says the game lets players come
chi tham gia v xem chuyn g ang
in and see what is taking place in
din ra Darfur, nghe chuyn mt
Darfur, listen to a family which left
gia nh di b khi Danfur v
Darfur and is now in a refugee camp. hin ti ang trong mt tri t nn.
The Second Life Web site is able to
Trang web The Second Life c th
change text messages in English to
chuyn i thng ip vn bn t
other languages.
ting Anh sang cc ngn ng khc.
Sechser says he has communicated
Sechser ni ng tr chuyn vi
with people from around the world.
nhiu ngi t khp cc ni trn th

gii.
Other parts of Second Life help to
Cc phn khc ca Second Life h tr
support democracy and conflict
ng h dn ch v gii quyt xung
resolution.
t.
They include a courtroom where
Chng bao gm mt phng x n ni
people can learn about legal systems
mi ngi c th tm hiu v h thng
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------in a democracy. I'm Bob Doughty.
php lut trong mt th ch dn ch.

Ti l Bob Doughty.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 8
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New York City Celebrates Its
Thnh ph New York t chc k
400th Anniversary
nim 400 nm tui
It is hard to believe that New York
Tht kh tin rng thnh ph New York
City was once a small Dutch
trc y l mt khu nh c nh ca
settlement.
ngi H Lan.
An old document shows that Dutch
Mt vn bn c cho thy nhng ngi
settlers did, in fact, pay for this land.
nh c H Lan thc s y v
thc t l b tin ra mua vng t
ny.
The document can be seen at the

citys South Street Seaport Museum.
Mi ngi c th xem vn bn ny
bo tng South Street Seaport.
Martin Berense is head of the
Martin Berense l gim c cc vn
Netherlands National Archives.
th quc gia H Lan.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------He says the letter tells about a ship
ng ni bc th ni v mt chuyn tu
arriving in Amsterdam.
cp cng Amsterdam.
The ships operator said, The
Nhn vin vn hnh tu ni, vic nh
settlement is going well. And, we
c ang tin trin tt. V, chng ti
bought the island of Manhattan for
mua o Manhattan vi gi 60 gunn
sixty guilders.
(tin H Lan).
The letter is on loan for New Yorks
Bc th ang c cho mn phc
four hundredth anniversary.
v cho l k nim 400 nm thnh ph

New York.
Berendse says the letter tells about

the settlement, which became New
York.
The museum also has a map of the
settlement.
Another map shows just how small
Manhattan was.
That changed when Britain took
control.
Historian Barry Lewis says the
Berendse ni rng bc th cp n
khu nh c m sau ny tr thnh New
York.
Bo tng cng c mt bn ca khu
nh c.
Mt bn khc cho thy mc nh
b ca Manhattan trc y.
iu ny thay i khi Anh Quc
nm quyn kim sot.
Nh s hc Barry Lewis ni rng ngi
Anh lp y mt phn sng ng
British filled in part of the East River bng rc thi v h cn nhiu t hn.
with waste because more land was
needed.
BARRY LEWIS: Chng ta ch c
BARRY LEWIS: We had only about khong 100 nghn ngi vo u th k

one hundred thousand people at the
19.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------beginning of the nineteenth century.

By 1875, the population of
n nm 1875, dn s ca Manhattan
Manhattan is over one-million
l trn 1 triu ngi.
people.
By 1910, over two million people are
living in Manhattan island.
The Brooklyn Bridge was built in
n nm 1910, hn 2 triu ngi ang

sng o Manhattan.
Cu Brooklyn c xy dng nm
eighteen eighty-three so people could 1883 v th ngi dn c th chuyn

move to Long Island, where land was n Long Island, ni t ai t t
less costly.
hn.
Lewis says people crossed the East
Lewis ni rng ngi dn i qua sng
River by carriage or boat. Or they
ng bng xe nga hoc thuyn. Hoc
walked across the bridge.
h i b qua cu
He says New Yorks underground
ng ni tu in ngm New York dn
trains led to the development of land
n s m rng t ai ra xa trung tm
in areas far from the center of the
thnh ph.
city.
Many businesses needed to be in
Nhiu hot ng kinh doanh thng
Manhattan.
mi cn din ra Manhattan.
So developers started building up,
V vy, nhng nh pht trin bt u
creating the skyscraper.
pht trin xy dng, to ra cc ta nh

chc tri.
BARRY LEWIS: People were afraid
Mi ngi lo s ta nh s sp
it would fall down in the first
trong cn gi bo u tin
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------windstorm.
And anyone who had property in the
V bt c ai c bt ng sn trong cc
commercial buildings next to it, they
ta nh thng mi k bn cnh, h
were terrified that no one would rent
cng lo s rng khng ai s thu
in their buildings because that thing
trong cc ta nh ca mnh v nh chc
was next door.
tri ngay lin k.
But more and more skyscrapers were Nhng ngy cng c nhiu hn cc ta
built. Each one was higher than the
nh chc tri c xy dng. Ci sau
next.
cao hn ci trc.
Lewis says the big reason for so
Lewis ni l do ln cho vic xy dng
many skyscrapers was money.
nhiu ta nh chc tri l tin.
He says New York was built by
ng ni New York c xy dng
investments in land.
bi nhng khon u t vo t ai.
That is not why everything was built. khng phi l l do duy nht
ngi ta xy dng mi th.
Some structures have improved the
Mt s cng trnh ci thin din mo
look of the city.
ca thnh ph.
Two examples are the Washington
Hai v d trong s l cng vm cng
Square Arch and the Guggenheim
vin Washington Square v bo tng
Museum.
Guggenheim.
But money is still important on the

island that began as a trading center
Nhng tin vn rt quan trng trn o
four centuries ago.
khi ni y bt u tr thnh trung tm

thng mi 400 nm trc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The area the Dutch settled is now
Khu vc ngi H Lan nh c gi y
Wall Street, the worlds financial
l ph Wall, trung tm ti chnh ca th
capital.
gii.
Im Steve Ember.
Ti l Steve Ember.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unwrapping the Genetic Secrets of Khm ph b mt ngun gc ca

a Chocolate Bar
thi scla
Im Mario Ritter with the VOA
Ti l Mario Ritter vi bn tin Nng
Special English Agriculture Report.
nghip trong chng trnh ting Anh

c bit ca i VOA.
Cacao or cocoa trees grow in hot,
Cacao hay cy cacao mc nhng
rainy areas of Africa, Asia and
vng ma nhiu, kh hu nng
Central and South America.
Chu Phi, Chu , Trung v Nam

M.
Their beans are used to make cocoa

powder, cocoa butter and of course
chocolate.
There are five to six million growers,
maybe more.
Ht ca chng c s dng lm
bt cacao, b cacao v tt nhin l c
scla na
C nm n su nghn ngi trng
cacao, hoc nhiu hn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Many are poor family farmers with
Rt nhiu trong s l nhng nng
only a few hectares.
dn ngho ch c vi hecta t trng.
West Africa produces more than half Vng Ty Phi sn xut hn mt na

of all cocoa beans.
tng s ht cacao.
Ivory Coast leads the world in
B Bin Ng dn u th gii v sn
production, followed by its neighbor
xut, tip sau l nc lng ging
Ghana.
Ghana.
The trees are usually in their fifth
Cc cy cacao thng c 5 nm
year when they start to grow the pods tui khi chng bt u c qu, trong
that contain the beans.
cha ht.
The trees produce the most pods
Cy cho ra nhiu qu nht khi c
when they are ten, but they are still
10 nm tui, nhng cho nng sut cao
productive long after that.
nhiu nm sau .
Workers use large knives to cut the
Cng nhn s dng dao ln ct cc
lower pods and long tools to remove
qu di thp v dng c di ly
pods from high on the trees.
cc qu mc trn cao.
Later they break open the pods to
Sau h p v qu v ly ht.
remove the beans.

A half-gram of chocolate requires
1/2 gram scla tng ng khong
about four hundred beans.
400 ht cacao.
The World Cocoa Foundation says
Theo T chc Cacao th gii, trung
an average pod contains twenty to
bnh mt qu cacao bao gm 20 n
fifty beans.
50 ht.
And experts say growers may lose
Cc chuyn gia ni rng nhng ngi
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------perhaps one-third of their harvest to
trng cacao c th phi mt 1/3 v
diseases and insects.
thu hoch v cy b bnh hoc cn

trng ph hoi.
But now scientists have genetic maps Nhng gi y cc nh khoa hc

c bn gen ca hai loi cy cacao.
of two kinds of cocoa trees.
These genomes are mostly complete
Nhng b gen ny gn nh hon
and could lead scientists to new ways thin v dn dt cc nh khoa hc ti

nhng phng php mi nhm tng
to increase production and prevent
disease.
nng sut v kh nng chng bnh

tt.
Mapping genes is the first step to

understanding an organism.
Next comes learning the job of each
gene.
The American food company Mars
took the lead in paying for mapping
the genes of the Forastero cocoa tree.
The Forastero provides eighty to
ninety percent of the world's cocoa
beans.
Mars depends on those beans for its
M&Ms and other chocolate candies.
The company's research partners
included several universities and the
Lp bn gen l bc u tin
hiu c v mt cu trc sinh hc.
Bc tip theo l nghin cu chc
nng ca tng gen.
Cng ty thc phm Mars ca M
dn u trong vic chi tr cho hot
ng lp bn gen cho cy cacao
Forastero
Cy Forastero cung cp 80% n 90&
s lng ht cacao ca th gii.
Mars ph thuc vo ngun ht cacao
lm ra sn phm ko M&M v
cc loi ko scla khc.
i tc nghin cu ca cng ty bao
gm mt s trng i hc v Cc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------United States Department of
Nng Nghip Hoa K.
Agriculture.
The average West African cocoa
Trung bnh nng dn trng cacao
farmer produces about four hundred
Ty Phi sn xut ra khong 400 ki l
kilos of beans per hectare.
ht trn 1 hecta.
But Howard-Yana Shapiro, head of
Nhng Howard-Yana Shapiro, gim
plant science and external research at c trung tm nghin cu khoa hc

Mars, thinks that science could
cy trng v nghin cu ngoi vi
greatly increase the yield.
Mars, cho rng khoa hc c th gia

tng ng k sn lng cy trng.
A competitor of Mars, Hershey's,
i th cnh tranh ca Mars,
supported the gene mapping of the
Hersheys, h tr cho vic lp bn
Criollo, a far less common cacao
gen ca Criollo, mt ging cy cacao
tree.
t ph bin hn rt nhiu.
Cirad, a French government research
Cirad, mt trung tm nghin cu ca
center, led scientists from six
chnh ph Php, dn dt nhiu nh
countries in creating that genome.
khoa hc t 6 quc gia tham gia thit

lp b gen .
We'll talk more about the cocoa
Chng ta s cp nhiu hn n
industry next week, when we look at
ngnh cng nghip cacao vo tun
efforts to help child laborers in Ivory
ti, v s xem cc n lc gip lao
Coast and Ghana.
ng tr em B Bin Ng v
Ghana.
For VOA Special English I'm Mario
Ti l Mario Ritter trong chng

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ritter. You can read and listen to our Bn c th c v nghe cc bn tin

reports at voaspecialenglish.com.
ca chng ti trn trang

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 10
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Are You Learning English? These
Bn ang hc ting Anh? Nhng
Songs May Help
bi ht ny c th gip ch cho vic

hc ca bn
Im Alex Villarreal with the VOA
Ti l Alex Villarreal vi bn tin gio
dc trong chng trnh ting Anh c

bit ca i VOA.
Songs teach language.
Cc bi ht c th dy bn hc ngn
ng.
Consider a song like "Tom's Diner"

by Suzanne Vega.
Hy th mt bi ht, v d nh
Toms Diner (qun n ca Tom) do
Suzanne Vega ht.
Mt ngi M dy ting Anh nc
An American teaching English
ngoi c ln ni cho chng ti bit
overseas once told us that students
rng hc sinh thch bi ht .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------love that song.

Recently we asked people on the
Gn y chng ti c hi mi ngi
Special English Facebook page to
trn trang Facebook ca chng trnh
suggest other songs that English
ting Anh c bit gi mt s bi
learners might like.
ht m ngi hc ting Anh c th

yu thch.
Noemi Nito wrote: I'm one of those
Noemi Nito vit: Ti l mt trong
English students who love "Tom's
nhng ngi hc ting Anh yu thch
Diner."
bi ht Toms Diner
I started learning English with
Ti bt u hc ting Anh vi
"Lemon Tree" by Fool's Garden.
Lemon Tree ca Fools Garden.
Another favorite is "Truly Madly
Mt bi ht khc ti yu thch l
Deeply" by Savage Garden.
Truly Madly Deeply" ca Savage

Garden.
Another person, Asi Tambunan,

suggested the song "God Only
Knows" by Orianthi.
Gyongyi Jako wrote that ABBA's
songs from Sweden are perfect for
class work.
Other good songs for learning
English are songs by the Beatles and
John Lennon, as well as Louis
Armstrong's "Wonderful World."
Mt ngi khc Asi TamBunan, gi

bi ht God Only Knows ca
Orianthi.
Gyongyi Jako vit rng cc bi ht
ca nhm ABBA n t Thy in
rt ph hp s dng trong lp hc.
Nhng bi ht khc rt tt cho vic
hc ting Anh l cc bi ht ca
nhm Beatles v John Lennon, v c
bi Wonderful World ca Louis
Amstrongs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Paul Cifuentes says Bob Marley's
Paul Cifuentes ni cc bi ht ca
songs are amazing for teaching.
Bob Marley l la chn tuyt vi

dy ting Anh.
Another teacher, Joseph Deka, says
Mt gio vin khc, Joseph Deka, ni
songs by Johnny Cash have always
rng cc bi ht ca Johnny Cash
worked in his classroom.
lun rt hiu qu trong lp hc ca

ca mnh.
He says his students can hear the

words, plus the songs often have
stories.
ng ni hc sinh ca mnh c th
nghe r cc t v hn na cc bi ht
thng c ni dung ca mt cu
chuyn.
ng cng thch bi We Will Rock
He also likes "We Will Rock You"
You ca Queen v Beautiful Girls
by Queen and "Beautiful Girls" by
ca Sean Kingston.
Sean Kingston.
He says young children love "C Is
ng ni tr nh thch bi C Is for
Cookie" ca Cookie Monster trong
for Cookie" by Cookie Monster from chng trnh truyn hnh "Sesame
the TV show "Sesame Street."
Street.
Nina John Smith suggested these
Nina John Smith gi cc bi ht:
songs: "It's My Life" and "We
"It's My Life" v "We Weren't Born
Weren't Born to Follow" by Bon
to Follow" ca Bon Jovi. V c bi
Jovi. Also "Nothing Else Matters" by "Nothing Else Matters" ca Metallica

Metallica.
na.
Aurelio Lourenco Costa Gusmao
Aurelio Lourenco Costa Gusmao ni
says he began to like English after
anh bt u hc ting Anh sau khi
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------his teacher played the Westlife song
gio vin m bi ht ca Westlife I
"I Have a Dream."
Have a Dream.
He wrote: That was eight years ago. I Anh ni l 8 nm trc y. Khi

was in the seventh grade.
ti l hc sinh lp 7
And from that day on, my dream of
V k t ngy , c m ci thin k
improving my English skills became
nng ting Anh ca ti lun thng
attached in my mind.
trc trong tm tr.
Teachers can use this song to convey Gio vin c th s dng bi ht ny

the message to their students that
chuyn ti thng ip n hc sinh
they should have their own dream for rng h nn c c m ca ring

the future.
mnh cho tng lai.
Aurelio's story was no surprise to
Cu chuyn ca Aurenlio cng khng
another commenter, Katie Kivenko.
qu ngc nhin i vi mt ngi

bnh lun khc, Katie Kivenko.
She especially likes songs by
C c bit yu thch cc bi ht ca
Michael Jackson and Queen.
Michael Jackson v Queen.
She wrote: When you listen to your
C vit: Khi bn lng nghe bi ht
favorite songs, you feel emotionally
mnh yu thch, bn s cm thy cm
high and it moves you to action.
xc tro dng v n thc y bn phi

hnh ng.
For VOA Special English, I'm Alex

Villarreal. Do you have any favorite
Ti l Alex Villarreal, trong chng

songs for learning English? You can
Bn c bi ht yu thch no gip
share other music suggestions for
mnh hc ting Anh hay khng? Bn

c th chia s nhng gi m nhc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------English learners at our website,
khc cho ngi hc ting Anh trn
voaspecialenglish.com or on
trang web ca chng ti,
Facebook at VOA Learning English.
We are also on Twitter and iTunes.

English. Chng ti cng c a ch
trn Twitter v iTunes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 11
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Teaching Children How to Think
Dy tr nh cch t duy ton cu
Internationally
I'm Carolyn Presutti with the VOA
Ti l Carolyn Presutti vi bn tin
gio dc trong chng trnh ting

Anh c bit ca i VOA.
The International Primary

Curriculum is an idea that began in
Britain eight years ago.
Today this curriculum is taught in
more than one thousand primary
schools in fifty-eight countries,
including the United States.
Educator Martin Skelton co-wrote the
International Primary Curriculum, or
Chng trnh tiu hc quc t l mt

tng bt ngun Anh tm nm
trc.
Hin ti, chng trnh ny ang c
ging dy hn 1000 trng tiu hc
58 quc gia, trong c Hoa K.
Chuyn gia gio dc Martin Skelton
l ng tc gi chng trnh tiu hc
quc t, vit tt l IPC.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------IPC.
He says for children to learn and
ng ni tr nh hc tp v thnh
succeed, they need a program that
cng, chng cn c mt chng trnh
permits them to learn individually.
cho php chng hc theo tng c

nhn.
He says the idea with the curriculum
ng ni tng vi chng trnh l
is to help today's children become
nhm h tr tr em ca ngy hm
good citizens of the world and
nay tr thnh nhng cng dn tt ca
twenty-first century leaders.
th gii v nhng nh lnh o trong

th k 21.
He says most of world problems are

going to be solved internationally.
ng ni phn ln cc vn ca th
gii ang c gii quyt quy m
quc t.
Khng mt quc gia n l no c
No single country is going to solve
th gii quyt vn mi trng v
the environment or terrorism.
khng b mt mnh.
Mr. Skelton says the curriculum has
ng Skelton ni rng chng trnh
activities built around the
c cc hot ng c xy dng da
development of "international
trn s pht trin ca t duy quc
mindedness" starting from the age of
t bt u t khi tr ln nm tui.
five.
The British American School of Los
Angeles is one of a few American
private schools that teach the
International Primary Curriculum.
Trng Anh-M Los Angeles l

mt trong s t trng Hoa K ang
ging dy chng trnh tiu hc ton
cu.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Second grade teacher Alison Kerr
Gio vin lp hai Alison Kerr ni
says the main goal is to engage
rng mc tiu chnh l thu ht hc
children in the learning process.
sinh vo qu trnh hc tp.
This term, for example, her class is
V d nh hc k ny, lp ca c
learning about people important in
ang hc v nhng nhn vt quan
history.
trng trong lch s.
She says the children dressed like
C ni hc sinh n mc ging nhng
famous people.
ngi ni ting.
They had to research and bring ten
Chng phi tm hiu v a ra 10 gi
written clues and the rest of the class
v cc bn cn li trong lp phi
had to guess who the people were.
on xem l ngi ni ting no
The British School in Boston held a
Trng Anh Ng Boston t
fair for students and parents called
chc mt hi ch cho hc sinh v cha
Around the World in a Day.
m c tn gi Vng quanh th gii

trong mt ngy.
Emma Northey, head of primary
Emma Northey, hiu trng trng
learning at the school, says fifty-one
tiu hc, cho bit 51 quc gia
nationalities were represented.
c trng by.
She described one activity designed
B m t mt hot ng c thit k
to teach about similarities among
dy v s tng ng trong khc
different cultures.
bit vn ha.
She says the children were each
B ni mi a tr c giao cho
given a passport.
mt cun h chiu.
They knew that they were going
Chng bit rng chng s du ngon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------around the world in a day.
vng quanh th gii trong mt ngy.
Ms. Northey said: "We told them
B Northhey cho bit: Chng ti ni
'You have to come back with two
vi bn tr rng Cc con s phi tr
similarities that you had seen
v mang theo hai s khc bit m
between the different cultures.'
mnh quan st c t nhng nn

vn ha khc nhau.
Even the three-year-olds came back
Ngay c nhng a tr ba tui cng
to me saying 'Gosh, you know
quay li ni vi ti Cha i, c bit
everybody writes. Some people write
khng ngi dn khp ni u vit.
going down. Some people write from Mt s ni ngi ta vit t trn

left to right, some from right to left.'"
xung di, mt s khc vit t bn

tri qua bn phi, v mt s ngi
vit t phi qua tri.
Another educator, Kate Foy of the

British School in Washington, says
the teacher's role is to enable students
to discover for themselves.
Mt chuyn gia gio dc khc, Kate

Foy ca trng Anh Ng
Washington, ni rng vai tr ca gio
vin l ng vin, khuyn khch hc
sinh t khm ph cho chnh bn thn
chng.
Carolyn Presutti. Tell us if you have
experience with the International

Primary Curriculum and what you
think of it. Share your comments at
Facebook and Twitter at VOA
Hy chia s vi chng ti nhng kinh

nghim v suy ngh ca bn v
chng trnh tiu hc quc t. Chia
s nhng bnh lun ca bn trn trang
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Learning English.

Facebook v Twitter a ch VOA
Learning English.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 12
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How High Will the Price of Oil Go
Gi du s tng cao ti mc no
This Time?
trong thi im ny?
Im Carolyn Presutti with the VOA
Special English Economics Report.
kinh t trong chng trnh ting Anh

c bit ca i VOA.
Unrest in North Africa and the
Bt n Bc Phi v Trung ng
Middle East pushed oil prices back
y gi du quay tr li l mt vn
into the news.
thi s.
Prices rose at their fastest level since
Gi du tng cao vi mc nhanh
two thousand eight.
nht k t nm 2008.
Libya is not among the ten largest oil
Libi khng nm trong 10 nc xut
exporters.
khu du ln nht.
But the rebellion against Libyan
Nhng bo lon chng li nh lnh
leader Moammar Gadhafi reduced
o ngi Libi Moammar Gadhafi
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------production, affecting the global
lm st gim sn xut du, nh
market.
hng n th trng ton cu.
In March, oil prices rose above one
Gi du tng ln hn 100 la M
hundred dollars a barrel.
mt thng vo thng ba.
Prices went above one hundred forty- Gi du cng leo ln mc hn 145

five dollars a barrel in two thousand
la M mt thng vo nm 2008.
eight.
The price of oil affects prices and
Gi du nh hng n gi c v nhu
demand for energy, plastics, farm
cu nng lng, nha, ha cht cho
chemicals and many other products
nng nghip v nhiu sn phm khc
made with petroleum.
lm t du m.
During the last week of February,
Trong tun cui cng ca thng hai,
Americans paid the second biggest
ngi M phi chu t tng gi
weekly increase in gasoline prices in
nhin liu trong tun ln th hai
twenty years.
trong vng hai mi nm qua.
The United States has a Strategic
Nc M c kho d tr du ha
Petroleum Reserve that contains
chin lc cha hn 700 triu thng
more than seven hundred million
du.
barrels of oil.
Tng thng Obama c th s dng
President Obama could use some of
mt s trong kho cung cp d phng
this emergency supply to help ease
ny gp phn gim bt cng thng
fuel prices.
gi nhin liu.
But intervening in the market could
Nhng can thip vo th trng c
hurt oil production in the United
th gy thit hi cho sn xut du
States.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------trong nc M.
Oil prices have been rising at a bad
Gi du tng mnh ngay khi nhiu
time, just as many economies have
nn kinh t c du hiu phc hi khi
been recovering from the global
khng hong kinh t ton cu.
recession.
Also, several countries in the euro
Mt s quc gia s dng ng tin
area are still struggling with debt
chung Chu u cng ang cht vt
crises.
vi khng hong n.
European Central Bank President
Ch tch ngn hng trung ng Chu
Jean-Claude Trichet said in March
u Jean-Claude Trichet pht biu
that "strong vigilance" is needed to
trong thng ba rng km ch lm
contain inflation.
pht cn phi cc k thn trng.
That could mean raising interest rates iu ny c ngha rng vic tng li
which could hurt European countries xut c th khin cc quc gia Chu
heavily in debt.
u chm ngp trong n nn.
In the United States, higher fuel
M, gi nhiu liu tng cao ngay
prices come just as General Motors
khi General Motors v Chrysler cho
and Chrysler show signs of recovery
thy du hiu phc hi sau khi ti t
after their reorganizations.
chc.
American car sales in February were
Doanh s t ca M trong thng hai
twenty-seven percent higher than last cao hn cng k nm ngoi 27%.

February.
GM led all carmakers with a fortyseven percent increase.
GM dn u trong s tt c cc hng
sn xut t vi mc tng 47%.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 12
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High fuel prices reduce demand for
Gi nhin liu cao lm gim nhu cu
big cars and trucks.
vi cc loi t c ln v xe ti.
But economist George Magliano says Nhng nh kinh t hc George

this time, high prices may be good
Magliano ni rng thi im ny,
for carmakers.
vic gi c tng cao c th mang li

thun li cho nhng nh sn xut xe
hi.
He says with gasoline prices higher,

some people might want to get a
much more fuel-efficient vehicle.
ng ni vi gi nhin liu tng cao,

mt s ngi c th s mun mt
phng tin i li c hiu sut nhin
liu tt hn.
ng ni cc phng tin giao thng
He says gasoline vehicles get twenty- hin nay t hiu sut qung ng
five to thirty percent better mileage
cao hn 25-30% so vi ba hoc bn
today than they did three or four
years ago.
Carolyn Presutti.
nm trc y.
Hy chia s cu chuyn v vic gi
Share your stories about what high
nhin liu tng cao c nh hng nh
fuel prices mean to you.
th no vi bn.
You can comment at
Bn c th bnh lun trn trang
You can also download podcasts on
English. Bn cng c th download
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------our website and watch videos on our
podcast trn trang web ca chng ti
YouTube channel at VOA Learning
v xem video trn knh Youtube
English.
a ch VOA Learning English.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 13
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Whole New World, Brought to
Nhng dng v thit b mang li
Us by Gizmos and Gadgets
cho chng ta mt th gii sng

hon ton mi
Ti l Alex Villarreal vi bn tin
cng ngh trong chng trnh ting

Anh c bit ca i VOA.
Today we tell about some of the top
Hm nay chng ta s ni v mt
technology developments of the last
trong s nhng tin b v cng ngh
ten years.
ni bt trong 10 nm va qua.
The technological revolution is
Cuc cch mng cng ngh ang
changing the way we work and play.
thay i cch chng ta lm vic v

vui chi.
Mobile phones became smartphones,

with abilities like computers.
in thoi di ng tr thnh nhng

chic in thoi thng minh, vi cc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------chc nng nh my tnh.

Many people started reading books
Nhiu ngi bt u c sch trn
on electronic readers.
cc my c sch in t.
Televisions became high-definition
Ti-vi c nt cao v mn hnh tr
and the screens became flat.
nn phng.
Digital music players got smaller in
My nghe nhc s c kch c nh
size but large enough for people to
hn nhng dung lng ln cho
download their entire music
php ngi s dng download trn
collections.
vn cc b su tp m nhc.
Worldwide broadband subscriptions
Thu bao bng thng rng ton cu
passed five hundred million.
vt qua con s 5 trm triu.
And, at least two billion people were
V c on t nht 2 t ngi
expected to be online by the end of
ng k trc tuyn vo cui nm
two thousand ten.
2010.
Stephen Baker is the vice president of Stephen Baker l ph ch tch v

industry analysis for the consumer
phn tch cng nghip cho th trng
electronics market research group
tiu dng in t thuc nhm nghin
NPD.
cu NPD.
He says the technological
ng ni s pht trin cng ngh
developments of the twenty-first
trong th k 21 mang li nhng
century have brought about some
tin b lch s i vi ngi s dng
historic advances in consumer
in t.
electronics.
He said ten years ago might as well
ng ni 10 nm qua c th so snh
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------be a hundred years.
nh 100 nm pht trin.
If you look back at the way people
Nu nhn li cch mi ngi tng
interacted with electronics in two
tc vi cc thit b in t vo nm
thousand and the way they interact
2000 v cch chng ta s dng chng
with them today, there is no
by gi, mi s so snh tht l v
comparison.
ngha.
Ten years ago there were no flat
10 nm trc khng c ti-vi mng
panel televisions.
nh mt chic bng.
There were no mobile web devices or Khng c cc thit b duyt web di

smartphones.
ng hay in thoi thng minh.
There were no e-book readers.
Khng c cc loi my c sch in

t.
And very few people had notebook
V cng rt t ngi c my tnh
computers.
notebook.
Bruce Bachenheimer is with the MIT
Bruce Bachenheimer ang hot ng
Enterprise Forum in New York City.
ti Din n doanh nghip MIT ti

thnh ph New York.
He is also the director of

entrepreneurship at Pace University.
ng cng l ch tch hi doanh

nghip i hc Pace.
He talked about what he believes are
ng cp n nhng tin b
the most important technological
cng ngh m ng tin l quan trng
developments of the twenty-first
bc nht trong th k 21.
century.
They are mobile computing, digital
l my tnh di ng, d liu
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------media content, broadband, social
truyn thng dng s, bng thng
media platforms and user-generated
rng, mng truyn thng x hi v d
content.
liu do ngi dng to ra.
Also, digital photography and global
Cn c chp nh k thut s v h
positioning systems for consumers.
thng nh v ton cu cho ngi tiu

dng na.
Mr. Bachenheimer says all of these
ng Bachenheimer ni tt c cc tin
things have worked together to
b kt hp li to ra cuc cch
revolutionize technology.
mng cng ngh.
And, he says the technology is
ng ni rng cng ngh cng ang
constantly changing, faster than at
thay i lin tc, nhanh hn bt c
any other time in history.
thi im no trong lch s.
He said telephones had not changed
ng ni in thoi bn khng thay
for three or four decades.
i trong ba hay bn thp k qua.
They could be on a wall or on a table
Chng c th c treo trn tng
top.
hoc t trn mt bn.
But now cell phone technology is
Nhng gi y cng ngh in thoi
changing every year.
di ng ang thay i theo tng nm.
He asked: "How many people have a
ng t ra cu hi liu bao nhiu
cell phone that is more than a year or
ngi dng mt mu in thoi di
two old?"
ng nhiu hn mt hay hai nm?
Villarreal.
i VOA, ti l Alex Villarreal.
You can learn more about technology Bn c th tm hiu thm v cng

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------on our website,
ngh trn trang web ca chng ti
voaspecialenglish.com. And you can
voaspecialenglish.com. V bn cng
follow us on Facebook, Twitter and
c th ng hnh cng chng ti trn
iTunes at VOA Learning English.
Facebook, Twitter v iTunes a

ch VOA Learning English.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 14
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pads, E-Readers, Notebook
My Pad, my c sch in t,
Computers Topped Wish Lists
my tnh notebook ng u danh

sch qu tng ng m c
Ti l Alex Villarreal vi bn tin v
cng ngh trong chng trnh ting

Anh c bit ca i VOA.
Mt bn bo co ca Hip hi ngi
A report by the Consumer
tiu dng in t ni rng in t
Electronics Association says
l mt trong nhng mn qu tng
electronics were among the most
c mua nhiu nht trong dp ngh
popular gifts bought this holiday
l ny.
season.
It also predicted that spending on
Bn bo co cng d on rng chi

tiu cho nhng thit b in t ny
these devices would set new records.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------s lp nn k lc mi.
The CEA said consumers were
CEA d on ngi tiu dng dnh
expected to spend an average of
trung bnh khong 230 -la mua
about two hundred thirty dollars on
sm cc dng in t.
electronics.
This is five percent more than in two Con s ny cao hn 5% so vi nm
thousand nine and the highest level 2009 v l mc cao nht k t khi t
since the organization began
chc ny bt u thng k v tiu
keeping records of holiday
dng trong cc dp ngh l.
spending.
Jim Barry is a spokesman for the
Consumer Electronics Association.
Jim Barry l pht ngn vin ca

Hip hi ngi tiu dng in t.
ng ni rng nghin cu ca CEA
He said the CEA study found that
cho thy cc dng in t ng
electronics represented three of the
th ba trong nm mn c mua
top five things on its Holiday Gift
sm nhiu nht trong danh sch qu
Wish List in two thousand ten.
tng m c cho k ngh l vo nm

2010.
He said: "Notebook computers are at ng ni my tnh notebook xp th

the top, followed by iPads and then
nht, sau l iPads v n my c
e-readers. IPad is a touch-screen
sch in t. IPad l my tnh bng
tablet computer and that's really the
vi mn hnh cm ng v thc s l
big player in that category."
mt thit b v cng hp dn trong

danh sch .
Cng ty my tnh Apple bt u
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The computer company Apple
cho ra mt th trng loi my tnh
began selling its small, touch-screen
nh vi mn hnh cm ng vo
computers in April.
thng t.
People use the touch-screen
Ngi s dng c th lt Web, vit
computers to surf the Web, write e-
e-mail, xem phim v c sch vi
mails, watch movies and read books. my tnh mn hnh cm ng.

Since the iPad's release, several
K t khi iPads ra mt, mt vi cng
other companies came out with their ty my tnh khc cng cng b
own tablet computers just in time for nhng sn phm my tnh bng ca
Christmas.
ring mnh cng thi im Ging

Sinh.
A report from the e-Marketer
Mt bn bo co ca nhm nhin
research group predicts that
cu pht trin th trng trc tuyn
worldwide tablet sales will reach
phng on rng doanh s my tnh
more than eighty-one million in two
bng trn ton cu s t hn 81
thousand twelve.
triu trong nm 2012.
Still, Jim Barry says these devices
Mc du vy, Jim Barry ni rng
faced tough competition from
my tnh bng cng phi i mt vi
another Christmas favorite.
cuc cnh tranh khc lit t cc mt

hng Ging Sinh c a chung
khc.
ng ni rng mt mt hng rt c
He said: "Another hot category right a chung khc ngay sau l my

behind that are the e-readers.
c sch in t.
So you can read on an iPad or a
Bn c th c sch trn iPad hoc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------touch-screen tablet, but the e-book
mt my tnh bng cm ng, nhng
readers are less expensive.
my c sch in t th chi ph r
hn .
The Kindle is the market leader
My c sch Kindle ang dn u
there from Amazon.
th trng trn trang mua sm trc

tuyn Amazon.
But you also have the Nook from

Barnes and Noble and the e-reader
from Sony."
Nhng bn cng c th la chn cc

sn phm khc nh my Nook ca
hng Barnes & Noble hay my c
sch ca Sony.
Jim Barry ni rng cng ngh hin
Jim Barry says modern technology
i ang thay i cch mi ngi
is changing the way people relate
lin lc v gia tng k vng ca
and increasing their expectations for ngi dng vo cc thit b in t

their electronic devices.
m h s dng.
He said: "It's really the ability to
ng ni l tnh nng cho php
take your information and
ngi s dng mang theo d liu
entertainment with you just about
thng tin v gii tr bn mnh ti bt
anywhere to stay connected to your
c u v lun kt ni vi cng vic
work and your family."
v gia nh.
The Consumer Electronics
Bo co ca Hip hi ngi tiu
Association report found that iPod
dng in t ch ra rng nhu cu
music players were also in high
mua sm my nghe nhc iPod cng
demand this holiday season.
rt cao trong ma ngh l ny.
So were video game systems and
H thng chi game video v my
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------digital cameras.
chp nh k thut s cng vy.
But not all of the things on the
Nhng khng phi tt c cc tng
holiday gift wish list involved
phm cho k ngh l u bao gm
electronics.
cc thit b in t.
The one thing that people wanted
Mt th m mi ngi mong
most?
mun nht?
Jim Barry said: "At the top of the
Jim Barry ni rng quan trng nht
list was peace and happiness."
vn l bnh yn v hnh phc.
Ti l Alex Villarreal trong chng
Villarreal.
trnh ting Anh c bit ca i

VOA.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 15
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kids in Britain + Online Tutors in
Tr em Anh hc ph o qua
India = Divided Opinions
mng vi gio vin n nhng quan im a chiu
This is the VOA Special English
y l bn tin gio dc trong chng
Education Report.

VOA.
India was once a colony in the British

Empire.
But now Indian tutors are helping to
teach math to some British children
over high-speed Internet connections.
n trc y tng l thuc a

ca thc dn Anh.
Nhng hin nay cc gio vin ph
o ngi n ang h tr vic
dy ton cho mt s hc sinh ngi
Anh qua kt ni Internet tc cao.
Nhng kt qu gn y cho thy dy
Early results suggest that online
hc ph o trc tuyn c th gip
tutoring may improve student

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------performance.
hc sinh tin b.
But not everyone is happy at this so-
Nhng khng phi tt c mi ngi
called outsourcing of tutors.
u vui v vi cch dy hc phi

chnh thng ny.
Students at Raynham Primary School Hc sinh trng tiu hc Raynham

Lun n cng t hp li vo lc
in London gather at three-thirty for
their after-school math lessons.
3h30 hc Ton sau gi hc chnh

kha trng.
Five time zones and thousands of

kilometers away, their math tutors are
also arriving for class.
Each pupil gets an individual online
tutor.
The students work with activities on
their computer screen and wear a
headset and microphone to talk to
their tutor.
Their classroom teacher, Altus
Basson, says he has seen an
improvement in results.
Cch xa 5 mi gi v hng nghn kil-mt, gio vin ph o mn Ton

cng ang ln lp.
Mi hc sinh c mt gio vin km
ring qua mng.
Hc sinh lm vic vi cc hot ng
trn mn hnh my tnh v eo mt
b headphone v micro ni
chuyn vi gio vin ca mnh.
Gio vin trn lp ca nhng hc
sinh ny, Altus Basson, ni rng ng
trng thy s tin b trong kt qu
hc tp.
ng ni nhng hc sinh gp kh
"Children who struggle to focus in
khn vi vic tp trung trn lp th
class focus a lot better on the
tp trung tt hn trn my tnh xch
laptops," he says.
tay.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nine-year-old Samia Abdul-Kadir
Samia Abdul-Kadir, 9 tui, ni c b
says she enjoys the online lessons.
rt thch hc trc tuyn.
"It helps me because sometimes
C b ni bi hc gip ch rt nhiu
when we're doing it in class, I don't
bi v i lc hc trn lp, c b
hear the teacher very much and I
khng nghe r gio vin ni v
don't understand, but online is
khng hiu iu gio vin ging,
better," she says.
nhng hc trc tuyn th hiu qu

hn nhiu.
Her friend, Abdul-Fadil Badori,
Bn ca c b, Abdul-Fadil Badori,
agrees.
cng ng nh vy.
He says, "Online, you can hear it, it's
Cu b ni rng hc trc tuyn bn
not shared by everyone, everyone has c th nghe c bi ging nhng

khng phi chia s vi tt c mi
different topics they're learning.
ngi, mi ngi c mt ch bi
hc khc nhau.
Tom Hooper bt u gy dng
"Tom Hooper started the company
cng ty cung cp dy hc ph o
that provides the online tutoring.
trc tuyn.
Cng ty c tn gi l o to
The company is called BrightSpark
BrightSpark.
Education.
ng ni rng l tr ngy nay rt t
He says "Children today feel very
tin vi hc tp trc tuyn, chng cm
confident online, they feel very
thy rt thu ht v lm ch vic hc
engaged, they feel very in control.
tp ca mnh.
And that's half the battle with
V l mt na ca chin thut
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------education.
gio dc.
Give them control, make them feel
Hy giao cho chng quyn lm ch,
confident and enjoy their learning
to cho chng cm thy t tin v
and you'll see them start to improve
thch th vi vic hc v bn s thy
and embrace it.
chng bt u tin b v tp trung

hc tp
"Online tutoring costs between
Chi ph cho ph o trc tuyn vo
twenty and twenty-five dollars an
khong 20 n 25 -la mt gi.
hour.
An online tutor is about half the cost
Chi ph cho mt gio vin dy ph
of traditional face-to-face coaching.
o qua mng ch bng khong mt

na o to trc tip.
But some people say an Internet
Nhng mt s ngi cho rng kt ni
connection is not enough of a
Internet l khng cho s lin h
connection for teaching and learning.
cn thit ca vic dy hc hc.
Kevin Courtney is deputy general
Kevin Courtney l ph tng th k
secretary of Britain's National Union
lin hip gio vin quc gia Anh.
of Teachers.
He says there's a "really important
ng ni c mt mi lin h tnh cm
emotional connection between a
rt cn thit gia gio vin v hc
teacher and a child, whether it's a
tr, cho d l c mt lp hc hay
whole class or whether it's one-to-
hc mt thy mt tr.
one.
You need that immediacy of
Bn cn c s phn hi gn gi v
trc tip , v tht kh c th ni
feedback, and we're not convinced

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------that that can happen across an
rng kt ni Internet c th lm c
Internet connection.
iu .
In one of the wealthiest countries in
L mt trong nhng quc gia thnh
the world, we think that we can
vng nht th gii, chng ta c th
afford to have teachers with the
m bo c gio vin vi s lin
genuine emotional connection there
h tnh cm tht s lun sn sng n
with the children.
vi hc sinh.
"BrightSpark Education says the
o to BrightSpark ni rng dy
online tutoring is used only as an
hc ph o trc tuyn ch l mt
addition to supplement regular
cch dy hc b sung cho gio dc
teaching.
chnh thng.
The company says its service does
Cng ty ni rng dch v ca mnh
not represent a threat to teachers' jobs khng lm nh hng n vic lm

in Britain.
ca gio vin Anh.
Some parents say they are satisfied
Mt s ph huynh ni rng h hi
with the results.
lng vi kt qu hc tp ca con ci.
And what about the children?
Nhng cn hc sinh th sao?
Some say they love it.
Mt s ni chng thch hc.
But at least one declared: "I hate
Nhng t nht mt hc sinh tuyn
maths!"
b: Chu ght mn Ton!
So math -- or maths, as the British
Nh vy mn Ton vn l mn hc
call it -- is still not everyone's
m khng phi tt c mi ngi u
favorite subject even with the latest
yu thch thm ch l vi c cng
technology to teach it.
ngh ti tn nht h tr vic dy hc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------For VOA Special English, I'm Alex
Ti l Alex Villareal trong chng
Villareal.

VOA.
You can watch a video of the online
Bn c th xem video hng dn hc
tutoring by going to
trc tuyn bng cch vo trang web
voaspecialenglish.com. You can also
voaspecialenglish.com. Bn cng c
find English teaching activities plus
th tm thy cc hot ng dy hc
MP3s, podcasts and transcripts of our ting Anh km theo MP3, podcasts
v bn ghi cc chng trnh ca
programs.
chng ti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 6
Unit 16
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business English Speakers Can
Ngi ni ting Anh thng mi c
Still Be Divided by a Common
th vn b chia cch bi mt ngn

ng ph bin

c bit ca i VOA.
Business is the most popular subject
Thng mi l ngnh hc ph bin
for international students in the
nht ca sinh vin quc t Hoa K.
United States.
At last count, twenty-one percent of
Trong ln thng k gn y nht,
foreign students at American colleges 21% sinh vin quc t cc trng

and universities were studying
cao ng v i hc M ang theo
business and management.
hc ngnh Qun tr kinh doanh.
The Institute of International
Hc vin o to Quc t New
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Education in New York says
York cho bit nu nh bn cn ang
engineering is the second most
bn khon la chn th k thut cng
popular field, in case you were
trnh l ngnh hc ph bin th hai.
wondering.
Thomas Cosse is a professor of
Thomas Cosse l gio s v kinh
marketing and business at the
doanh v tip th i hc Richmond
University of Richmond in Virginia.
Virginia.
He says international students who
ng ni rng sinh vin quc t mun
want to study business need to have
theo hc kinh doanh thng mi cn
good English skills -- and not just to
phi c k nng ting Anh tt, v
study at his school.
khng phi ch hc trng.
But the world has more non-native
Nhng th gii c nhiu ngi ni
speakers of English than native
ting Anh phi bn ng hn l ngi
speakers.
bn ng.
As a result, Americans working with
Kt qu l ngi M lm vic trong
foreign companies may need to learn
cc cng ty nc ngoi cng c th
some new English skills themselves.
cn phi hc mt s k nng ting

Anh.
At the University of Richmond,
i hc Richmond, nhm cc sinh
teams of graduate students work with vin tt nghip lm vic vi cc cng

companies seeking to enter the
ty ang tm cch thm nhp th
American market.
trng M.
The students learn about writing
Sinh vin hc cch vit cc nghin
market entry studies.
cu thm nhp th trng.

Nhng bo co ny c vit bng
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The reports are written in English.
ting Anh.
But Professor Cosse tells his students Nhng gio s Cosse ni vi sinh
to consider who will read them.
vin ca mnh cn phi cn nhc xem

ai s c nhng bn bo co .
He said his students have to write the
ng ni rng sinh vin ca mnh phi
report so that it can be understood by
vit bn bo co sao cho mt ngi
someone who is an English speaker
ni ting Anh thng thng cng c
but not a native English speaker.
th hiu c ch khng phi cho

mt ngi ni ting Anh bn ng.
For example, he tells his students to

avoid jargon and other specialized
terms that people might not know in
their own language.
V d nh, ng ni vi cc sinh vin

ca mnh trnh dng bit ng v cc
thut ng c bit khc m ngi c
c th khng bit trong ngn ng ca
mnh.
y c th l li khuyn tt ngay c
This can be good advice even when
khi vit cho nhng ngi bn ng
writing for other native speakers.
khc.
But effective communication
Nhng giao tip hiu qu cn nhiu
involves more than just words.
hn l ch ngn t.
Kay Westerfield is director of the
Kay Westerfield l gim c chng
international business communication trnh thng mi quc t i hc

program at the University of Oregon. Oregon.
She says you must have the language
B ni rng bn phi c k nng ngn
skills as well as cultural intelligence.
ng cng nh l hiu bit v vn ha.
Cultural intelligence means the need
Hiu bit v vn ha c ngha l s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------to consider local behaviors in
cn thit phi cn nhc cc cch ng
everything from simple handshakes
x a phng trong mi hnh vi;
to speaking to large groups.
n gin t cch bt tay cho ti cch

ni chuyn vi nhng nhm ng
ngi.
Still, Kay Westerfield says the ability

of foreign workers to speak English
is becoming more important to
companies looking to move
operations to other countries.
Kay Westerfield ni kh nng ni

ting Anh ca cng nhn nc ngoi
ngy cng quan trng hn vi cc
cng ty ang tm kim c hi m
rng hot ng kinh doanh ra cc
quc gia khc.
Hoc nh b miu t l xut khu
Or, as she puts it, to "off-source."
sn xut
Also, she says English skills often
B cng ni rng k nng ting Anh
provide a competitive edge for
thng cung cp cho sinh vin
business students when they seek
thng mi mt u th cnh tranh khi
jobs.
h i tuyn dng.
She said: "As one business student in
B ni: Ging nh mt sinh vin
West Africa put it, 'English is a
thng mi Ty Phi tng m t,
lifeline.'"
ting Anh l cu cnh ca cuc i
Villarreal.

VOA.
You can read and listen to our
Bn c th c v nghe cc chng
programs and find activities for
trnh ca chng ti v tm thy cc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------English learners at
hot ng cho ngi hc ting Anh
voaspecialenglish.com. We're also on trn trang voaspecialenglish.com.

Chng ti cng c a ch VOA
Learning English.
Learning English trn trang Facebook

v Twitter.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 17
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Meet Some Top Students in the
Gp g cc hc sinh dn u trong
Intel Science Talent Search
cuc thi tm kim ti nng khoa

hc ca Intel
I'm Carolyn Presutti with the VOA
Special English Education Report
gio dc trong chng trnh ting

Anh c bit ca i VOA.
The Intel Science Talent Search is the Cuc thi tm kim ti nng khoa hc
top science competition for high
Intel l cuc thi khoa hc hng u
school students in the United States.
dnh cho hc sinh trung hc M.
The forty finalists were honored in
40 th sinh lt vo chung kt c
Washington in March.
vinh danh ti Washington vo thng

ba.
They met with scientists and
H gp g cc nh khoa hc v
politicians.
chnh tr gia.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------President Obama welcomed them to
Tng thng Obama cho n h
the White House.
n Nh Trng.
These forty students were selected
40 hc sinh ny c tuyn chn t
from almost two thousand contestants gn 2000 th sinh trn c nc.

nationwide.
They had to present original research
H phi trnh by nghin cu gc
to be judged by professional
nhng nh nghin cu khoa hc
scientists.
chuyn nghip nh gi.
The students showed their research
Hc sinh trnh by n nghin cu
projects on large posters.
ca mnh trn p phch kh ln.
The winners were announced March
Ngi thng cuc c thng bo
fifteenth.
vo ngy 15 thng 3.
Wendy Hawkins is executive director Wendy Hawkins l gim c iu

of the Intel Foundation.
hnh ca Qu ti tr Intel.
She says the forty finalists
B ni rng 40 th sinh chung kt i
represented excellence across many
din cho s xut sc trong nhiu lnh
areas of science.
vc khoa hc.
Their projects are deep and rich and
Nghin cu ca h rt su sc.
insightful.
Selena Li n t Fair Oaks,
Selena Li is from Fair Oaks,
California.
California.
C mun tm ra mt cch cha tr
She wanted to find a more effective
hiu qu hn cho cn bnh ung th
treatment for liver cancer.
gan.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------She began her research four years
C bt u nghin cu ca mnh 4
ago.
nm trc.
A scientist at the University of
Mt nh khoa hc trng i hc
California, Davis, taught her how to
California, Davis dy c cch thit
design and do experimental work in
k v thc hin cng vic thc
the laboratory.
nghim trong phng th nghim.
She says: "I researched a new
C ni rng c nghin cu mt
approach to targeting liver cancer by
cch tip cn mi vi cn bnh ung
basically starving the liver cancer
th gan bng cch c bn l b i
cells to death, while leaving the
cc t bo ung th ti khi chng cht,
normal cells unaffected.
trong khi vn khng lm nh hng

n cc t bo bnh thng.
And, to go one step further, I blocked V, mt bc tin xa hn na l c

ngn chn c mt con ng
a survival pathway to make the
treatment more effective."
sng st ca cc t bo ung th khin

cho vic iu tr hiu qu hn.
Ms. Li placed fifth in the Intel

Science Talent Search and was
awarded thirty thousand dollars.
Scott Boisvert lives near Phoenix,
Arizona.
He began using a laboratory at the
University of Arizona at the age of
fourteen.
Li ng th 5 trong cuc thi tm kim

ti nng ca Intel v c trao gii
thng 30 nghn -la.
Scott Boisvert sng gn Phoenix,
Arizona.
Cu bt u s dng phng th
nghim trng i hc Arizona lc
14 tui.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Over four years, he completed a
Tri qua 4 nm, cu hon thnh d
project studying a fungus linked to
n nghin cu mt loi nm c lin
the decrease in amphibians around
h ti vic st gim s lng cc loi
the world.
lng c trn khp th gii.
He was trying to find out if different
Cu c gng tm ra cc cht ha
chemicals and substances in the
hc khc nhau c trong nc c th
water could kill the fungus.
git cht nm.
He collected and tested water
Cu thu thp v kim tra mu
samples across Arizona.
nc quanh khu vc bang Arizona.
He says: "My results were able to
Cu ni rng kt qu ca mnh c th
identify a list of chemicals that were
nhn din c mt danh sch cc
significant in the growth and in the
cht ha hc c ngha trong s sinh
movement of the fungus."
trng v pht trin ca nm.
He placed tenth in the Intel
Cu ng th 10 trong cuc thi ca
competition and was awarded twenty
Intel v c trao gii thng 20
thousand dollars.
nghn -la.
Evan O'Dorney of Danville,
Evan O'Dorney n t Danville,
California, won the top award of one
California ginh gii thng cao nht
hundred thousand dollars in this
100 nghn -la trong cuc thi tm
year's Intel Science Talent Search.
kim ti nng khoa hc Intel nm

nay.
For his mathematical project, he
Trong n ton hc ca mnh, cu
compared two ways to estimate the
so snh 2 cch c tnh cn bc hai
square root of an integer, a number
ca mt s nguyn, mt s khng c
with no fractional parts.
phn phn s.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Wendy Hawkins at the Intel
Wendy Hawkins ca Qu ti tr Intel
Foundation says these young people
ni rng nhng ngi tr tui ny i
represent the next generation of
din cho th h nhng nh khoa hc
scientists who will help shape
k tip gip gy dng ln tng lai
America's future.
ca nc M.
Ti l Carolyn Presutti vi chng
Carolyn Presutti.

VOA.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 18
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How an Allowance Helps Children
Khon tin tiu vt gip con tr
Learn About Money
hc cch s dng tin bc nh th

no
Economics Report.

VOA.
Many children first learn the value of

money by receiving an allowance.
Nhiu a tr ln u tin hiu c

v gi tr ng tin qua vic nhn
c mt khon tin tiu vt.
Mc ch l cho nhng a tr
The purpose is to let children learn
hc c t nhng kinh nghim
from experience at an age when
tui m nhng sai lm v ti chnh
financial mistakes are not very costly. khng gy ra nhng tn tht ln.
Lng tin m cha m a cho con
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The amount of money that parents
ci ca mnh tiu xi nh chng
give to their children to spend as they mong mun mi gia nh l khc

wish differs from family to family.
nhau.
Timing is another consideration.
Thi gian cng l mt vn ng

xem xt.
Some children get a weekly
Mt s tr c khon tiu vt hng
allowance.
tun.
Others get a monthly allowance.
Mt s khc c cho tin tiu vt

theo thng.
In any case, parents should make

clear what, if anything, the child is
expected to pay for with the money.
At first, young children may spend
all of their allowance soon after they
receive it.
If they do this, they will learn the
hard way that spending must be done
within a budget.
Parents are usually advised not to
offer more money until the next
allowance.
The object is to show young people
that a budget demands choices
between spending and saving.
D trong trng hp no, cha m

cng nn bit r con ci mnh s tiu
tin vo vic g.
Lc u, tr nh s c th tiu ht s
tin tiu vt ngay sau khi chng khi
va nhn c.
Nu tiu tin nh vy, chng s phi
hc cch chi tiu c gii hn mt
cch kh khn.
Mi ngi thng khuyn rng cha
m khng nn cho con ci thm tin
cho ti ln k tip.
Mc ch l ch cho tr thy rng
khon tin gii hn i hi chng
phi la chn vic tiu tin hay
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------dnh.
Older children may be responsible
Nhng a tr ln hn c th phi
enough to save money for larger
hc cch hnh thnh trch nhim tit
costs, like clothing or electronics.
kim tin cho cc mn ln t tin

nh qun o hay in t.
Many people who have written on the Nhiu ngi tng vit v ti tin
tiu vt ni rng vic cho tin con ci
subject of allowances say it is not a
good idea to pay your child for work
khi chng lm vic nh khng
around the home.
phi l mt hay.
These jobs are a normal part of
Nhng cng vic ny l mt phn
family life.
bnh thng ca cuc sng gia nh.
Paying children to do extra work
Tuy nhin, tr tin cho tr lm thm
around the house, however, can be
nhng cng vic khc trong phm vi
useful.
gia nh c th c tc dng tt.
It can even provide an understanding
N thm ch c th gip tr hiu
of how a business works.
c cng vic kinh doanh vn hnh

nh th no.
Allowances give children a chance to

experience the things they can do
with money.
They can share it in the form of gifts
or giving to a good cause.
Tin tiu vt to cho tr c hi tri

nghim nhng vic chng c th lm
vi tin bc.
Chng c th chia s n di dng
qu tng hay cho tng ai hoc vo
vic g vi mc ch tt.
Chng c th tiu xi bng cch mua
They can spend it by buying things

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------they want.
nhng th chng thch.
Or they can save and maybe even
Hoc chng c th dnh v thm
invest it.
ch dng tin u t.
Saving helps children understand that Tit kim tin gip tr hiu rng cc
costly goals require sacrifice: you
mc tiu hao tn tin bc i hi s
have to cut costs and plan for the
hy sinh: chng phi ct gim chi tiu
future.
v ln k hoch cho tng lai.
Requiring children to save part of
Vic i hi con tr tit kim mt
their allowance can also open the
phn s tin tiu vt ca chng cng
door to future saving and investing.
c th m ra cnh ca cho vic dnh

dm v u t trong tng lai.
Many banks offer services to help
Nhiu ngn hng cung cp cc dch
children and teenagers learn about
v gip tr em v thanh thiu nin
personal finance.
tm hiu v ti chnh c nhn.
A savings account is an excellent
Mt ti khon tit kim l cch tuyt
way to learn about the power of
vi hc hi v sc mnh ca li
compound interest.
kp.
Compounding works by paying
Li kp hot ng bng cch tnh li
interest on interest.
trn s tin li do tin gc sinh ra.
So, for example, one dollar invested
V d mt -la u t vi li xut
at two percent interest for two years
2% trong hai nm s thu v 2 xu
will earn two cents in the first year.
trong nm u tin.
The second year, the money will earn Trong nm th hai, s tin kim c
two percent of one dollar and two
s l 2% ca 1 d-la v 2 xu, v c
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cents, and so on.
tip tc nh vy.
That may not seem like a lot.
Con s c v khng nhiu.
But over time it adds up.
Nhng qua thi gian, s tin s tng

dn ln.
Ti l Alex Villareal trong chng
Villareal.

VOA.
You can learn more about economics

with MP3s and transcripts of our
programs at voaspecialenglish.com.
Bn c th tm hiu thm v kinh t

vi cc file MP3 v bn ghi cc
chng trnh ca chng ti trn trang
Bn c th thy chng ti trn
And you can find us on Facebook
Facebook v Twitter a ch VOA
and Twitter at VOA Learning
Learning English.
English.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 19
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obama Enters 2012 Race on Good
Tng thng Obama bc vo cuc
News About Jobs.
ua tranh c nm 2012 vi nhng

tin tc kh quan v lao ng vic
lm.

Economics Report
In early April, President Obama
announced his plans to seek reelection in November of next year.

VOA.
u thng t, tng thng Obama
thng bo k hoch ti tranh c vo
thng 11 nm sau.
Trong e-mail gi cho nhng ngi
In an e-mail to supporters, Mr.
ng h, ng Obama ni rng cuc
Obama said "the race may not reach
ua c th khng t c ti tc
full speed for a year or more."
ti a trong mt nm hoc hn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 19
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nhng ng ni rng cng vic xy

But he said the work of building the
dng chin dch tranh c phi bt u
campaign "must start today."
ngay hm nay.
Some of that work will depend on
Mt phn trong cng vic s ph
how many jobs are created in the
thuc vo vic bao nhiu cng n
months ahead.
vic lm s c to ra vo cc thng
Mr. Obama welcomed a report that
ti sp ti.
the United States economy added two ng Obama cho mng mt bn bo

co ni rng kinh t M c thm
hundred sixteen thousand jobs in
March.
216 nghn vic lm trong thng ba.
The unemployment rate dropped one- T l tht nghip gim xung 1/10
trong hai thng lin tip.
tenth of one percent for the second
straight month.
The unemployment rate edged down
T l tht nghip gim xung 8.8%,
to 8.8 percent, the lowest in two
mc thp nht trong hai nm.
years.
And some economists say this spring
Mt vi nh kinh t ni rng ma
may be the start of better news to
xun ny l khi u cho nhng tin
come.
tc kh quan hn.
Consumer spending has been
Mc tiu dng cng ang gia tng.
increasing.
Stephen Hess l mt nh khoa hc
Stephen Hess is a political scientist
chnh tr, chuyn nghin cu cc
who studies the presidency at the
nhim k tng thng Vin
Brookings Institution in Washington.
Brookings Washington.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 19
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------He says, "The next election will,
ng ni rng cuc bu c vo nm
more than anything else, depend on
ti ph thuc vo tnh hnh vic lm
employment in the United States."
M hn bt c iu g khc.
Labor Secretary Hilda Solis pointed
B trng Lao ng Hilda Solis ch
out that the economy has added jobs
ra rng nn kinh t c thm nhiu
for twelve months in a row.
cng n vic lm trong 12 thng lin

tip.
She says the economy has added a
B ni rng nn kinh t tng thm
million and a half private sector jobs.
mt triu nm trm vic lm trong

lnh vc t nhn.
But, she added, "we need to continue

to not lose sight of where we need to
go to increase opportunities for
people to get employed in new jobs."
President Obama has filled a top job
in his party as he prepares to seek a
second term.
He chose Representative Debbie
Wasserman Schultz of Florida to
head the Democratic National
Committee.
She replaces Tim Kaine who plans to
run for the Senate from Virginia next
year.
Nhng b cng ni thm chng ta

cn c tip tc c gng theo st mc
tiu cn t n l tng thm nhiu
c hi vic lm mi cho mi ngi.
Tng thng Obama b sung v tr
ch cht trong ng ca mnh khi
ng chun b tranh c nhim k th
hai.
ng chn h ngh s Debbie
Wasserman Schultz ca bang Floria
lnh o ng Dn ch.
B thay th ng Tim Kaine ngi
ln k hoc chy ua vo Thng
vin t bang Virginia vo nm sau.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 19
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Among Republicans, former
Trong s cc ng vin ng Cng
Minnesota governor Tim Pawlenty
ha, cu thng c bang Minnesota,
recently formed a committee to
Tim Pawlenty, gn y thnh lp
explore a presidential campaign.
mt y ban thm d chin dch

tranh c tng thng.
Several other Republicans are also
Mt s ng vin Cng ha khc
considering races for their party's
ang xem xt cc cuc chy ua cho
nomination.
c ca ng mnh.
The latest jobs report showed that
Bo co v lao ng vic lm gn
thirteen and a half million Americans y nht ch ra rng 13,5 triu ngi
M vn trong tnh trng tht nghip
remained unemployed in March.
Another concern is that oil prices
vo thng ba.
remained over one hundred dollars a
Mt lo ngi khc l gi du vn gi
barrel.
mc trn 100 -la mt thng.
High energy prices could threaten the Gi nng lng cao c th e da s

phc hi kinh t sau khng hong.
recovery from the recession.
In another development, Portugal
Trong mt din bin khc, B o
became the latest member of the
Nha tr thnh thnh vin gn y
European Union with heavy debts to
nht trong Lin minh Chu u vi
request emergency loans.
cc khon n ln ngh cc khon

vay khn cp.
Portugal joined Greece and Ireland

which have also received aid.
B o Nha cng vi Hy Lp v Ai
Len l quc gia tip theo phi nhn
vin tr.
ng i lp ngi B o Nha
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 19
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Portuguese opposition parties refused t chi chp nhn ngh ct gim

to accept budget cuts proposed by
ngn sch ca th tng Jose
Prime Minister Jose Socrates.
Socrates.
Ti l Carolyn Presutti trong chng
Carolyn Presutti.

VOA.
For more ways to learn American
Bn hy vo trang
English and stay informed every day,
voaspecialenglish.com t my tnh
go to voaspecialenglish.com from
hoc thit b di ng ca mnh
your computer or mobile device.
xem thm cc cch hc ting Anh

M v cp nht tin tc hng ngy.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 20
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What Do You Know About the
Liu bn hiu ng v cm cm
Common Cold?
thng thng?
y l bn tin sc khe trong chng
Health Report.

VOA.
Do you think getting cold can give
Bn c cho rng bn b cm lnh l
you a cold?
do mnh b nhim lnh khng?
Is it bad to drink milk when you have Ung sa khi bn b cm lnh liu c
hi hay khng?
a cold?
Can chicken soup cure a cold?
Mn sp g liu c th gip bn khi

cm lnh?
Ranit Mishori is a family medicine

doctor at Georgetown University
Ranit Mishori l tin s y khoa gia

nh ca trung tm Y t thuc i hc
Georgetown Washington.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Medical Center in Washington.

She says colds are more common in
B ni rng cm lnh rt ph bin
winter, but not because of low
vo ma ng, nhng khng hn l
temperatures.
do nhit xung thp.
The cold weather just means people
Thi tit lnh ch c ngha l mi
stay inside more, often with other
ngi trong nh nhiu hn, thng
people. "
thng cng vi nhiu ngi khc.
And the way the common cold virus
Vi-rt cm lnh thng thng ly lan
is transmitted from one person to
t ngi ny sang ngi khc qua bt
another is through handshakes,
tay, ht hi, hoc ho khi tip xc vi
through sneezing, or through
ngi khc.
coughing on one another."

Adults generally get two to three
Thng thng ngi ln b cm lnh
colds a year.
hai hoc ba ln trong mt nm.
Children are likely to catch four or
Tr nh c th b bn hoc nm ln.
five.
Tin s Mishori ni rng mt s
Dr. Mishori says some people
ngi nhm ln tin rng h c th t
mistakenly believe they can become
hnh thnh sc khng vi cm
resistant to colds.
lnh.
She says, "There are about two
B ni rng c khong 200 loi vi-rt
hundred different viruses that cause
khc nhau gy ra cm lnh thng
the common cold.
thng.
People think that once you get
Mi ngi ngh rng khi b nhim
infected one time you develop
bnh mt ln th c th s t to c
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------immunity for the rest of your life."
kh nng min dch sut c i.
This is wrong."
iu ny l sai.
There is still no cure for the common
Vn cha c cch cha tr no cho
cold.
cm lnh thng thng c.
But Dr. Mishori says there are ways
Nhng tin s Mishori ni rng c
to feel better sooner.
nhiu cch nhanh cm thy khe

hn.
"So if you catch a cold and on day
V vy nu bn b cm lnh v sau
one you start taking about two grams
bn bt u ung 2 gram vitamin C
of vitamin C a day, there is evidence
mi ngy, thc t cho thy rng s
you might shorten the number of
ngy bn m mt vi cc triu chng
days that you will be suffering with
s gim xung.
these symptoms."
She says honey can also help.
B ni rng mt ong cng c th gip

ch.
There is evidence that it can shorten
Thc t cho thy, mt ong c th
the length of the common cold
gip rt ngn thi gian b cm lnh,
sometimes even by two to three days. i khi thm ch n hai hoc ba

ngy.
She says honey seems to be
especially effective in children with
colds.
But the Agriculture Department says
never to feed honey to babies less
B ni rng c v nh mt ong c
bit hiu qu vi tr nh khi chng b
cm lnh.
Nhng B Nng Nghip ni khng
c cho tr nh di mt tui n
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------than one year old.
mt ong.
It says even honey in prepared foods
C quan ny ni rng thm ch mt
may contain substances that can
ong trong cc thc phm ch bin
make babies very sick.
cng c th bao gm cc cht c th

khin cho tr b m.
Some people believe in treating a
Mt s ngi tin rng sp g c th
cold with chicken soup.
gip cha cm lnh.
Does it work?
Liu c hiu qu thc khng?
Dr. Mishori says, "Chicken soup has
Tin s Mishori ni rng sp g c
anti-inflammatory properties, so it
thnh phn khng vim, v th n
helps reduce the duration but also it
gip rt ngn thi gian b bnh v
helps clear the mucus."
gim bt dch nim mc.
Mucus is the sticky substance that
Dch nim mc l cht nhy dnh c
can make you cough and have trouble th lm cho bn ho v hi th kh

khn khi b cm lnh.
breathing during a cold.
Have you ever heard the old saying
Liu bn tng nghe cu ni c
"feed a cold, starve a fever"?
hy n gi sc khi b cm lnh v
mc k cn st?
Dr. Mishori says this is not

necessarily a good guideline to
follow.
She says if you have a cold but do
not feel hungry, then don't eat.
"But you have to drink a lot and you
Tin s Mishori ni rng y khng

hn l li khuyn tt nht m bn nn
lm theo.
B ni nu bn b cm lnh nhng
khng thy i th khng nn n.
Nhng bn nn ung nhiu nc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------can drink water or tea -- anything that hoc tr bt c cht lng no d

gets fluids into your body.
hp thu vo c th.
That's very important."
iu ny rt quan trng.
But what about drinking milk during
Nhng c nn ung sa khi b cm
a cold?
lnh hay khng?
Some people think it only causes
Mt s ngi cho rng n ch gy ra
more mucus.
thm dch nhy nim mc.
Dr. Mishori says yes and no.
Tin s Mishori cho rng c m cng

khng.
Dairy products do not cause
B ni rng cc sn phm t sa
increased mucus, she says, but they
khng lm pht sinh thm dch nim
can thicken the mucus.
mc nhng c th lm cho dch nhy
She says, "It's possible that
dy c li.
discomfort is somewhat more
B ni khi bn ung sa th c kh
enhanced when you drink milk.
nng l cm gic kh chu s tng ln
But obviously, if you're a baby and
Nhng hin nhin, i vi tr nh v
that's all you drink, you should not
th duy nht chng ung l sa th
stop giving babies milk."
khng nn ngng cho tr ung sa.
Ti l I'm Alex Villareal trong
Villareal. MP3s, podcasts and
chng trnh ting Anh c bit ca
transcripts our reports are at
i VOA. Cc file MP3, podcasts, v
voaspecialenglish.com. We're also on bn ghi cc chng trnh ca chng

ti c trn trang
Learning English.
voaspecialenglish.com. Chng ti
cng c a ch trn Facebook v
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Twitter l VOA Learning English.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 6
Unit 21
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Facebook Finds New Friends in the Facebook c thm bn ng hnh

World of Private Finance
trong khu vc ti chnh t nhn.

c bit ca i VOA.
Facebook is the world's biggest social Facebook l mng x hi ln nht th

gii v l ch ca b phim
network -- and the subject of the
movie "The Social Network."
Mng X hi.
The real Mark Zuckerberg and his
Nhn vt c tht Mark Zuckerberg v
friends at Harvard University
cc bn ca mnh i hc Harvard
launched the site in two thousand
khi ng trang web t nm 2004.
four.
Facebook says it reached five
Facebook cho bit s ngi s dng
hundred million users last July.
t n 500 triu trong thng 7
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------va qua.
Now, the American bank Goldman
Gi y, ngn hng u t M
Sachs and the Russian company
Goldman Sachs v cng ty cng ngh
Digital Sky Technologies have
Digital Sky ca Nga bt tay lin
friended Facebook.
kt vi Facebook.
They are investing a total of five
H ang u t tng cng 500 triu
hundred million dollars in the
-la M vo cng ty.
company.
The deal values Facebook at fifty
Thng v vi Facebook tr gi 50 t
billion dollars -- more than many
-la nhiu hn nhiu cng ty
publicly traded Internet companies.
thng mi i chng trn mng

khc.
Goldman Sachs is expected to raise a
Goldman Sachs k vng doanh thu s
billion and a half dollars more by
tng thm 1,5 t -la qua vic bn
selling shares of ownership in
li quyn s hu c phiu Facebook
Facebook to rich investors.
cho nhng nh u t ln.
The plan does not include a public
K hoch khng bao gm vic cho
stock offering -- at least not right
bn c phn mt cch rng ri t
now.
nht l ti thi im ny.
For now, Facebook would remain a
Hin ti, Facebook vn tip tc duy
private company -- meaning a
tr l mt cng ty t nhn ng
company that does not sell shares to
ngha vi vic cng ty khng cho
the public.
bn c phn rng ri.
The plan has brought new attention to K hoch khi gi c s quan

the largely secretive world of private
tm mi n lnh vc ti chnh t
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------financing and the rules for private
nhn rng ln cn cha c khm
companies in the United States.
ph nhiu v lut l gia cc cng ty

t nhn M.
The idea is that investors in public
Vn c quan tm l nh u t
companies have protections that
trong cc cng ty quc doanh c
investors in private companies do
c quyn bo h m nhng nh
not.
u t trong cc cng ty t nhn
The Securities and Exchange

Commission says a private company
khng c.
y ban giao dch chng khon ni
must report financial information if it rng mt cng ty t nhn phi bo

co thng tin ti chnh nu c hn
has more than five hundred
shareholders.
500 c ng.
A new business, a startup company,
Mt cng vic kinh doanh mi hay
is usually considered too risky for
khi s mt doanh nghip thng
average investors.
c coi l qu mo him i vi nh
u t trung bnh.
But a promising startup may find a

small number of private investors,
often known as "angels."
Nhng khi nghip ha hn nhiu c

hi kinh doanh c th thu ht c
mt s lng nht nh nhng nh
u t t nhn, thng c gi l
thn h mnh.
These investors are willing to lose
Nhng nh u t ny sn sng nh
everything for a chance at big
i mi th nu c c hi thu hi li
returns.
sut cao.
Rikki Tahta has been involved in
Rikki Tahta tri nghim qu trnh
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------raising money for startups.
huy ng vn khi khi nghip.
He is now chairman of his own
ng hin ti l ch tch cng ty u
investment company, Covestor, with
t ca ring mnh, Covestor, vi vn
offices in New York and London.
phng i din New York v

London.
Mister Tahta compares the difference ng Tahta so snh s khc bit gia
cc cng ty quc doanh v cc cng
between public and private
companies to the difference between
ty t nhn vi s khc bit gia hn
marriage and dating.
nhn v hn h.
When people are dating, he says,
ng ni rng khi ngi ta hn h, c
there are understandings but few
s thng hiu nhng khng nhiu
rules.
quy nh rng buc.
In marriage, the rules are more clear
Trong quan h hn nhn, cc lut l
and well-defined.
rng buc r rng hn v c xc

nh mt cch cn thn, chc chn.
In his opinion, the only real benefit

for a private company is lower
administrative and record-keeping
costs.
Yet he tells us Covestor remains a
private company after a few years
because it is still too risky for most
investors.
Theo quan im ca ng, li ch thc

s duy nht ca cng ty t nhn l
chi ph cho vn th v hnh chnh t
hn.
Tuy vy ng ni rng Covestor vn
duy tr l mt cng ty t nhn sau vi
nm v vn n vn qu mo him i
vi a s nh u t.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Villarreal. You can comment on our
VOA. Bn c th ng bnh lun v
programs and find transcripts and
cc chng trnh ca chng ti v tm
MP3s at voaspecialenglish.com.
thm cc bn ghi v MP3 trn trang
We're on Facebook and Twitter at
voaspecialenglish.com. Chng ti
VOA Learning English.
cng c a ch Facebook v Twitter

l VOA Learning English.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 22
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Stock Market Big Enough to
Th trng chng khon pht trin
Stretch Across the Atlantic
mnh vt qua i Ty Dng.

c bit ca i VOA.
A ten-billion-dollar deal aims to
Mt tha thun thng mi tr gi 10
create the world's largest exchange
t -la nhm to ra mt cng ty giao
company.
dch ln nht th gii.
The plan would combine the
K hoch s bao gm vic kt hp
operators of the New York Stock
hot ng ca sn giao dch chng
Exchange and Germany's Frankfurt
khon New York v sn Frankfurt
Stock Exchange.
ca c.
The two companies, NYSE Euronext
Hai cng ty, NYSE Euronext v
and Deutsche Borse, announced the
Deutsche Borse cng b tha
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 22
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------agreement in February.
thun ny vo thng hai.
Deutsche Borse shareholders would
Cc c ng ca Deutsche Borse s
own about sixty percent of the
s hu khong 60% tp on c
combined group.
st nhp.
One thing it still needs is a name.
iu cn li l cn c mt ci tn
The new company would have
Cng ty mi s c tr s Frankfurt
headquarters in Frankfurt and New
v New York City.
York City.
The New York Stock Exchange is the Sn giao dch New York l th trng
world's most famous stock market
chng khon ni ting nht th gii
and a symbol of American
capitalism.
v l biu tng ca t bn M.
B trng ti chnh Tim Geithner ni
Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner
rng New York s tip tc duy tr l
says New York will remain at the
trung tm ca h thng ti chnh th
heart of the world's financial system
gii trong thi gian di sp ti.
for a long time to come.
Nhng giao dch thng mi ngy
But the exchange business has
nay thay i trong thi bui thng
changed in these days of high-speed
thng nhanh chng qua my tnh
trading by computers in a globally
trong nn kinh t c kt ni ton
connected economy.
cu.
The Big Board now has to compete
Sn giao dch lu i v ln nht
with smaller exchanges.
nc M gi y s phi cnh tranh

vi cc sn giao dch nh hn.
Where stocks are traded has become
Giao dch chng khon a im
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 22
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------less important than how much those
no tr nn t quan trng hn l
trades cost.
gi tr giao dch c thc hin.
NYSE Euronext and Deutsche Borse
NYSE Euronext v Deutsche Borse
had profits of almost four and a half
c li nhun gn 4.5 t -la nm
billion dollars last year.
ngoi.
They expect to save four hundred
H trng i s tit kim c 400
million dollars a year by combining
triu -la thng qua st nhp hot
their operations.
ng.
These savings could lower the cost of Khon tit kim ny c th gip gim
stock orders.
chi ph thc hin cc lnh khai bo

chng khon.
But the size of the company could
Nhng quy m ca cng ty c th
raise concerns about competition in
lm gia tng mi quan tm n s
the exchange industry.
cnh tranh trong giao dch thng

mi.
The new company would also have

trading operations in Britain, France
and other European countries.
Stock trading and other financial
services would remain important to
the combined company.
But much of its income is expected to
come from trading complex financial
products called derivatives.
Cng ty mi cng s c hot ng

thng mi Anh, Php v cc quc
gia Chu u khc.
Giao dch chng khon v cc dch
v ti chnh khc s tip tc l trng
tm ca cng ty mi st nhp.
Nhng phn nhiu trong li tc ca
cng ty c trng i n t vic
kinh doanh cc sn phm ti chnh
tng hp l vn phi sinh.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 22
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The deal requires approval by
Thng v cn c s tn ng ca
American and European officials and cc quan chc Chu u v M cng

by shareholders.
nh cc c ng.
Other exchange operators, like the
Cc nh iu hnh giao dch khc,
CME Group, could try to offer a
nh tp on CME, c th c gng
higher price for NYSE Euronext.
a ra mc gi cao hn cho NYSE

Euronext.
The CME Group, operator of the
Tp on CME, nh iu hnh ca
Chicago Mercantile Exchange, is one sn giao dch hng ha Chicago, mt

trong nhng nh kinh doanh vn phi
of the world's largest traders of
derivatives.
sinh ln nht trn th gii.
Duncan Niederauer, chief executive
Duncan Niederauer, gim c iu
of NYSE Euronext, is expected to
hnh NYSE Euronext, ang trng i
keep that job in the new company.
tip tc nm gi cng v trong cng

ty mi.
He says combining with Deutsche

Borse will make the company more
competitive.
In February, the operators of the
London and Toronto stock exchanges
announced a deal to combine their
companies.
And in October the Singapore
Exchange offered to merge with
ng ni rng vic st nhp vi

Deutsche Borse s gia tng tnh cnh
tranh cho cng ty.
Vo thng hai, cc nh iu hnh sn
giao dch chng khon London v
Toronto thng bo tha thun
thng mi st nhp cc cng ty ca
h.
Vo thng 10, sn giao dch
Singapore xut [dich]hp nht
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 22
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Australia's exchange.
vi sn giao dch ca c.
Villarreal.

VOA.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Unit 23
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lecture or Interactive Teaching?
Thuyt ging hay dy hc theo
New Study of an Old Issue
hng tng tc? Nghin cu mi

v mt vn c
y l bn tin gio dc trong chng
Education.

VOA.
Professors have lectured for
Cc gio s thuyt ging trong
centuries.
sut nhiu th k.
But how effective is lecturing to
Nhng thuyt ging vi sinh vin c
students compared to working with
hiu qu nh th no so vi cng lm
them?
vic vi h?
A new study compared two classes of Mt nghin cu mi so snh hai lp

hc ca kha vt l c bn trng
a beginning physics course at the
University of British Columbia in
i hc British Columbia Canada.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Unit 23
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Canada.
There were more than two hundred
C hn 260 sinh vin tham gia trong
sixty students in each section.
mi bui hc.
Both were taught by popular and
C hai lp u c s ging dy ca
experienced professors.
cc gio s ni ting v giu kinh

nghim.
The study took place for one week
Nghin cu c tin hnh trong mt
near the end of the year.
tun gn cui nm.
One class continued to be taught in
Mt lp hc tip tc c ging dy
the traditional lecture style.
theo phng php thuyt ging

truyn thng.
The other professor was replaced by

two teachers.
They had little teaching experience
but received training in interactive
teaching methods.
The training was led by Carl
Wieman, a Nobel Prize-winning
physicist who leads a science
education program.
There was almost no lecturing.
The teachers put the students in small
groups to discuss and answer
questions.
Trong lp hc khc, gio s c

thay th bng hai gio vin.
H c t kinh nghim ging dy
nhng c o to v phng
php dy hc tng tc.
Nghin cu c dn u bi Carl
Wieman, nh vt l hc tng gii
Nobel, ngi ang ch o mt
chng trnh o to khoa hc.
Hu nh khng c thuyt ging.
Cc gio vin chia hc sinh thnh cc
nhm nh tho lun v tr li cc
cu hi.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Unit 23
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The instructors always gave feedback Gio vin lun a ra nhn xt sau
after the groups did tasks.
khi cc nhm hon thnh nhim v.
And they gave readings and quizzes
H a ra cc bi c v cc cu hi
to finish before class so the students
kim tra vn p trc bui hc do
would come prepared to discuss the
vy sinh vin phi chun b trc
material.
tho lun v ti liu.
Professor Wieman says there was a
Gio s Wieman ni rng c rt
great deal of data showing how
nhiu d liu cho thy mc ng
identical these two large sections of
nht ca hai ni dung quan trng
the class were before the study.
trong bui hc trc khi tin hnh

nghin cu.
At the end of the experiment, both
Cui cuc th nghim, c hai lp lm
classes took the same test.
chung mt bi kim tra.
Students in the interactive class
Sinh vin trong lp hc tng tc t
scored nearly twice as high as those
im s gn nh cao gp i sinh
in the traditional class.
vin trong lp hc theo phng php

truyn thng.
Attendance also increased that week.
S sinh vin c mt cng tng ln

vo tun .
Sinh vin mi tt nghip Ellen
Graduate student Ellen Schelew was
Schelew l mt trong s cc gio
one of the teachers.
vin.
She says the methods they used are
C ni rng phng php h ang s
designed to encourage students to
dng c thit k khuyn khch
think like scientists.
sinh vin t duy nh nhng nh khoa
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Unit 23
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------hc thc s.
Also, as part of the teaching, The
Nghin cu c cng b trong tp
study appeared in May in the journal
ch khoa hc thng nm.
Science.
It seems to confirm earlier findings
Nghin cu ny c v xc nhn
about lecturing to large classes.
thm v kt qu ca cc nghin cu
trc v vic thuyt ging vi cc
lp hc ln.
But some experts have criticized the
Nhng mt s chuyn gia ph
way the study was done.
bnh cch tin hnh nghin cu.
Both of the researchers who taught
Hai nh nghin cu ging dy lp
the class, Ms. Schelew and Louis
l c Schelew v Louis
Deslauriers, were also authors of the
Deslauriers u l nhng ngi thc
study.
hin ti.
This could raise questions about
iu ny t ra cu hi l liu s
whether their involvement might
tham gia ca h c lm nh hng
have influenced the results.
n kt qu nghin cu.
Professor Wieman is currently on
Gio s Wieman ang trong qu trnh
leave from the University of British
chuyn cng tc t i hc British
Columbia and the University of
Columbia sang i hc Colorado.
Colorado.
He is the associate director for
ng l ph ch nhim v cc vn
science in the White House Office of
khoa hc trong vn phng khoa hc
Science and Technology Policy.
v chnh sch cng ngh ca Nh
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Unit 23
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Trng.
He says research has shown better
ng ni rng nghin cu ch ra
ways to teach based on evidence
cc phng php ging dy hiu qu
about how the brain learns.
hn da vo cc minh chng v vic

vn hnh ca no b.
And he hopes more professors will
V ng hy vng s c thm nhiu
learn that how someone teaches may
gio s nhn ra rng vic ngi dy
be more important than who does the
p dng phng php nh th no c
teaching.
th quan trng hn ai l ngi m

nhn cng vic ging dy .

Villarreal.

VOA.
Bn c th tm thy lin kt n cc
You can find a link to the physics test bi kim tra vt l m nhng sinh
that the students took at
vin trn thc hin trn trang
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 5
Luyn nghe ting Anh video VOA
Bi 24
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Putting Worms to Work to Help

Your Garden
giun t gip ch cho khu vn

ca bn

Agriculture Report.
y l Bn tin Nng nghip ca

chung trnh hc ting Anh ca i
VOA
Bn c th lm g vi loi giun t?
What can you do with earthworms?

Some people use the creepy crawlers
to catch fish. But others put worms
to work making compost.
Nhiu ngi dng nhng loi cn

trng kinh d bt c, nhng nhng
ngi khc th li dng giun t
lm phn trn.
Compost looks and feels like good

soil. Gardeners and farmers add it to
soil to make plants grow better.
Phn trn mi v hnh dng ging

loi t trng tt. Nng dn dng
phn ny bn vo t trng cho
cy trng ti tt hn.
You can make compost from food

waste at home with or without the
help of worms. How the worms help
is by first eating and processing the
food.
C hay khng c s gp mt ca giun

t, bn vn c th lm phn trn t
thc n tha nh. Vai tr ca giun
t l giai on tiu th v x l
thc n.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 24
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It comes out the other end of the

worm as rich compost.
Sau khi giun x l v thi ra thnh

phn trn tt
Kim Gabel from the University of

Florida Extension service in Key
West says worms known as red
wigglers are the best varieties to use.
B Kim Gabel t i hc Tng hp

Florida Key West cho rng giun t
c bit n nh l mt con b st
mu ng nguy
You need a container to hold the

waste and the worms. The size of the
composting bin depends on how
much compost you want to make.
Bn cn mt ci thng ng rc
thi v giun. Kch thc ca thng
ph thuc vo s lng phn lm
mun sn xut
You need about a kilogram of worms

for each half a kilogram of daily food
waste that you add.Kim Gabel says
the bin needs holes so the worms can
breathe.
C na kilogam rc thi hng ngy

th li cn 1 kilogam giun t. B
Kim Gabel cng cho bit bn cng
cn to ra nhng l nh giun c
th th.
And they also like to be in the dark,

so cover the bin to keep out the light.
One thing worms do not like is very
high temperatures.
Mt iu na l giun t thch bng

ti nn hy che thng cha li
ngn nh sng vo. Giun t cng
khng thch nhit qu cao.
Kim Gabel lives in the warm climate

of southern Florida. She keeps her
worm bin indoors. Unpleasant smells
can be prevented by controlling the
amount of food waste added to the
bin and avoiding meat or bones.
B Kim Gabel sng vng c kh

hu m p pha nam Florida. B gi
nhng con giun t trong nh. C
th c mi kh chu, bn c th ngn
bng cch iu chnh lng rc thi
m bn cho vo hoc trnh dng
nhng nguyn liu nh xng hoc
tht tha.
For composting with worms, you

need bedding that is moist but not
too wet.
lm phn bng giun t, bn lm

bc hoc , m mt cht nhng ng
qu t
The amount of water you add will

depend on the bedding material you
Lng nc s ph thuc vo nguyn

liu bn lm bc. B Kim Gabel th
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 24
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------use. Kim Gabel uses newspaper cut

into strips about two and a half
centimeters wide.
dng giy ct ra thnh nhng mnh

rng khong 2,5 cm
Add two handfuls of soil for every

C na mt vung nguyn liu lm
half square meter of bedding material th cho khong hai nm t v trn
and mix well. Spread the worms over u.
the bedding.
The worms will start to wiggle their
way down. Remove any worms that
remain on top of the bedding after
two hours.
Giun s quay mnh xung di. B i

nhng con giun m vn cn pha
trn sau hai gi ng h.
When you feed the worms, place the

food about two and a half
centimeters below the surface of the
bedding and cover it.
Khi bn cho giun n, hy t thc n

di b mt ca bc khong hai
centimet v y n li.
The worm's waste, or castings,

should be ready to use as compost
within two to six months.
Ph thi ca giun t nn c chun

b s dng nh l phn trn trong
vng hai hoc su thng.
To remove the compost, you can

push it all to one side of the bin.
Place new bedding and food on the
other side.
ly phn ra th bn cn tt c
vo mt pha ca thng cha, bc
mi v thc n vo mt pha.
Within a few weeks the worms will

move to the new bedding.
Trong vng vi tun, giun s di

chuyn sang bc mi
Now you can remove the compost

and fill the empty space with new
bedding.
By gi bn c th ly phn ra v cho
mi vo.
For VOA Special English, I'm Mario

Ritter. For more gardening advice,
and for more programs and activities
for English learners, go to
voaspecialenglish.com. We're on
Trn y l bn tin ting anh c bit

VOA, ti l Mario Ritter. thm
thng tin v k thut lm vn, hoc
v chng trnh, hot ng cho cc
hc vin ting Anh, hy truy cp co
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 24
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Facebook, Twitter and iTunes at

VOA Learning English.
trang web : voaspecialenglish.com.

Chng ti c chng trnh hc ting
Anh Facebook, Twitter v iTunes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 25
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trying to Improve Food Safety

With a Camera
Nng Cao An Ton Lng Thc

Vi My Quay Phim.
This is the VOA special English

Agriculture Report.
y l Bn tin Nng nghip ca

chung trnh hc ting Anh ca i
VOA
Europe's deadly outbreak of a rare

form of E.Coli bacteria has brought
new attention to food safety issues.
S bng pht cht ngi ca mt

dng vi khun E.Coli Chu u
thu ht s ch ca d lun v vn
an ton thc phm.
One of the problems when people get

sick from food is that the simplest
question is often difficult or even
impossible to answer.
Mt trong nhng cu hi n gin

nht l khi no th con ngi mc
bnh t thc phm li c v nh kh
hoc khng th tr li.
Just what did the people eat that

made them sick? Of course, one way
to avoid these medical mysteries is to
keep dangerous organisms out of the
food supply
Con ngi n thc n g s lm h

bnh tt? tt nhin, mt trong nhng
cch trnh nhng nhng nguy c
tim n v sc khe l khng s dng
nhng loi sinh vt nguy him lm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------thc n.
This is easier said than done, but
scientists keep trying.
Ni th d, lm th kh, nhng cc
nh khoa hc vn ang tip tc c
gng.
Scientists in the United States have

developed an experimental system
that uses a high-tech optical scanner.
Cc nh khoa hc M pht trin

mt h thng th nghim ng dng
mt my qut quang hc cng ngh
cao.
This inspection system is meant for

packing houses where produce is
sorted for market.
H thng ny c ngha trong vic

qun l nhng nh my ni m sn
phm s c phn loi ra th trng.
H thng ny c thit k xc
The system is designed to identify
nh s hin din ca cht gy
the presence of contaminants like
soil or animal waste on fresh produce nhim nh t hoc cht thi ng vt
trn nhng thc phm ti.
These can be sources of Escherichia
coli, better known as E.coli. E. coli
bacteria naturally live in the
intestines of humans and many
animals.
y c th l t Escherichia coli,
thng c gi l E.coli. Vi khun
E. coli thng sng trong rut ca
con ngi v nhiu loi ng vt
khc.
Most kinds of E. coli are harmless,

but some can make people sick.
Hu ht cc loi vi khun E. coli v

hi, nhng mt s c th lm cho con
ngi mc bnh.
The new scanner can also show

damage and imperfections that might
make the produce unappealing to
shoppers.
My qut mi cng c th b hng v

khng hon ho, iu ny c th lm
cho sn phm ny s khng hp dn
ngi tiu dng.
Scientists designed the system at a

Department of Agriculture research
center in Beltsville, Maryland.
Cc nh khoa hc thit k h thng

ti trung tm nghin cu ca S Nng
nghip Beltsville, Maryland.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Moon Kim of the Agricultural

Research Service led the team. He
says they were asked to develop a
method to detect contamination in
produce
ng Moon Kim lm Dch V

Nghin cu Nng nghip ch o i
nghin cu ny. ng ni h c nhim
v pht trin mt phng php d tm
cht nhim trn thc phm
So they started with the apple as their

model sample.The scanner uses a
high-speed camera placed over the
conveyer belt that moves the produce
along.
V th h bt u s dng to lm th
nghim. my qut s dng my quay
tc cao, c t trn bng ti v
s chuyn ng theo sn phm.
As the apples move along the belt,

the scanner captures images of each
piece of fruit.
Khi to chuyn ng theo bng ti,

my qut s chp li hnh nh ca
mi mu to.
The system is equipped with an

ultraviolet lamp and a halogen lamp
that produces near-infrared light.
H thng c trang b mt n cc
tm v n halogen c th pht ra tia
sng cn hng ngoi.
A spectrograph device can use the

near-infrared light bouncing off an
apple to show evidence of damage.
The ultraviolet light can show
contaminants.
Mt thit b quang ph c th s dng

nh sng cn hng ngoi i xuyn
qua qu to hin th kt qu ca tc
hi . nh sng tia cc tm c th cho
thy cc cht gy nhim.
Moon Kim says the team hopes the

system will be available to the food
industry in the next several years.
ng Moon Kim cho bit nhm

nghin cu hy vng h thng s sn
sng cho ngnh cng nghip thc
phm trong vi nm ti.
The scanner can direct a sorting

machine to separate the bad apples
from the good ones.
My qut c th ra lnh cho my

phn loi tch nhng qu to tt ring
vi nhng qu to hng.
The system is currently able to show

the surface of only half the apple as
it speeds by.
H thng ny hin ti c kh nng ch

ra b mt ca mt na qu to khi n
i qua.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The inventers hope to improve the

process so it can show the whole
surface.
Nhng nh pht minh hy vng s ci

thin qu trnh ny qua c th nhn
thy ton b b mt ca qu to.

Villarreal.
Trn y l bn tin ting anh c bit

VOA, ti l Alex Villarreal .
You can learn American English and

much more every day at
Bn c th hc ting Anh M v
nhiu chng trnh khc ti trang web
: voaspecialenglish.com.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 26
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Looking to Africa for Ideas About

How to Fight Hunger
Nhng Bi Hc T Chu Phi v

Bin Php Chng i Ngho

Special English Agriculture Report
Ti l Alex Villarreal, y l bn tin

Nng nghip ca chng trnh ting
Anh c bit ca VOA.
Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's

highest hunger rate. The United
Nations says thirty percent of the
people were undernourished last
year.
But a new report says African
farmers also have ideas that could
help the world fight hunger and
poverty.
Vng Chu Phi cn Sahara c t l

i cao nht th gii. Lin Hp Quc
cho bit, ring vo nm ngoi, c n
ba mi phn trm ngi ngi dn
b suy dinh dng.
Nhng mt bn tin gn y cho hay
rng nng dn Chu Phi gn y c
nhng tng gp phn chng li
dch i.
Danielle Nierenberg from the

Worldwatch Institute in Washington
spent a year visiting twenty-five
countries south of the Sahara
Danielle Nierenberg t vin

Worldwatch Washington dnh
mt nm thm 25 nc pha nam
ca vng Sahara.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 26
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In Nairobi, Kenya, for example, Ms.

Nierenberg found women farmers
growing vegetables just outside their
doorsteps in the Kibera settlement
V d Nairobi, Kenya B
Nierenberg thy nhng ngi nng
dn l ph n trng rau ngay ngoi
ca khu t mi Kibera.
She says the area is crowded, dirty

and noisy. But the people are finding
ways to make their lives better. The
women use old sacks filled with soil.
B cho rng vng ny rt ng c,

bn v n o. Nhng ngi dn ang
tm cch lm cho cuc sng ca h
tt hn. Nhng ngi ph n ny
dng bao ti c, y t.
They cut holes in the sides of the tall

bags so air gets to the seeds. The
women feed the vegetables to their
families and sell their surplus
H ct l trong cc mt ca ti cao
khng kh i vo ht ging. Nhng
ngi ph n ly rau lm n cho
gia nh v bn i nu khng dng
n.
H li ly tin cho con n trng.
Nm ngoi, c tnh khong 925 triu
ngi trn ton th gii khng n.
They use the money to send their

children to school. Last year, an
estimated nine hundred twenty-five
million people worldwide did not get
enough to eat.
Half of all people in the world now
live in and around cities. Researchers
like Ms. Nierenberg are looking
increasingly at creative ideas to feed
those who are malnourished
Na dn s th gii hin nay ang

sng trong hoac xung quanh khu vc
thnh th. Nhng nh nghin cu nh
b Nierenberg ang khng ngng tm
kim nhng tng sng to gip
nhng ngi dn thiu n.
She said there are a lot of lessons

that people in the Western world can
learn from Africa.
B ni, c nhiu bi hc m ngi

phng ty c th hc c t chu
Phi.
And what they are doing can be done

in other developing countries.
Farmers in the developing world lose
between twenty and forty percent of
their harvest before it ever reaches
V nhng g h ang lm cng c th

p dng c cc nc ang pht
trin khc. Nng dn nhng nc
ang pht trin mt t 20 n 40%
ma v ca h trc khi n vi th
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 26
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------market.
trng.
Asma Lateef from the group Bread

for the World says there are many
reasons why food gets wasted.
Asma Lateef t t chc bnh m

cho nhn loi cho bit c nhiu l
do ti sao thc n li b lng ph nh
vy.
Farmers are without electricity and

cold storage. They lack good seeds
and fertilizer. They lack good roads.
Nng dn khng c in v kho lnh.

H thiu ht ging, phn bn tt. H
thiu ng giao thng cht lng.
Ms. Lateef says conditions like these

keep small farmers in poverty.
Danielle Nierenberg says more
attention needs to be paid to
protecting harvests
B Lateef cho rng nhng iu kin

nh th ny km hm nng dn
trong kh khn. B Danielle
Nierenberg cho bit, cn phi quan
tm hn na bo v ma mng.
In Nigeria, village processing centers Nigeria, trung tm ch bin lng

ang c gng gim mt mt v gip
are helping farmers reduce their
nng dn tng kim c nhiu tin
losses and earn more money.
hn.
The centers process cassava, a root
vegetable, into basic food products.
In Uganda, the Worldwatch report
says some schools are teaching
children how to grow local crops.
Nhng trung tm ch bin sn,

mt loi rau c, ra thnh nhng sn
phm lng thc c bn. Uganda,
bo co ca Wolrdwatch cho bit
mt vi trng hc ang dy cho tr
em cch trng v ma a phng.
And in South Africa and Kenya the

report praises the breeding of local
kinds of livestock.
V Nam Phi v Kenya bo co

khen ngi nc ny gy ging
c nhng loi vt nui a
phng.
These animals may produce less milk

or meat than other breeds, but they
can survive heat and drought
conditions
Nhng ng vt ny c th sn xut t
sa hoc tht hn nhng loi vt sinh
sn khc, nhng chng c th tn ti
c trong iu kin nng hoc kh
hn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 26
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The report is called "State of the

World 2011: Innovations That
Nourish the Planet.
Bo co ny cn c tn gi giai on
th gii 2011: Ci cch- nui dng
hnh tinh.

Villarreal
Trn y l chng trnh hc ting

Anh c bit ca VOA. Ti l Alex
Villarreal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 27
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inventor of Weed Eater Started a

Revolution
Nh Pht Minh My Nh C- Khi

u Cho Mt Cuc Cch Mng

Agriculture Report.
y l bn tin Nng nghip ca

i VOA
George Ballas of Houston, Texas,

lived a long life. He was a
businessman and property developer.
A university lecturer and author.
George Ballas l ngi Houston,

Texas, ng sng rt th trong
cuc i ca mnh. ng l mt doanh
nhn, mt nh pht trin bt ng
sn, mt ging vin i hc, mt nh
vit sch
A dancer and dance studio owner

whose son Corky and grandson Mark
followed in his footsteps into the
dance world.
mt v cng, mt ng ch phng
khiu v, v l ngi c con trai
Corky v chu l Mark tip tc s
nghip ca ng vo th gii khiu v.
And Mr. Ballas was the inventor of

the Weed Eater. The man who found
an easier way for people to cut grass
and weeds died in Houston on June
V ng cng l ngi pht minh ra

my nh c. ng tm ra cch ct
c mt cch d dng hn. ng qua
i vo ngy 25 thng su ti
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 27
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------twenty-fifth.
Houston.
He was eighty-five years old. George ng th 85 tui, George Ballas sinh

Ballas was born in Louisiana. He
ra ti Louisiana. ng gia nhp qun
joined the military at seventeen.
i nm 17 tui.
He served in World War Two and
the Korean War. After the military,
he became a dance teacher and
executive in the dance school
industry.
ng tng tham gia trong chin

tranh th gii th hai v chin tranh
Triu Tin. Sau khi xut ng, ng tr
thnh mt gio vin khiu v v l
nh iu hnh trong ngnh cng
nghip cc trng khiu v
In the nineteen fifties, he built a

dance studio of his own in Houston.
People called it the biggest in the
world.
vo nhng nm 1950, ng t mnh

gy dng mt studio khiu v
Houston. Studio ny c nh gi
l studio khiu v ln nht trn th
gii.
Dance City USA had one hundred

twenty teachers. Mr. Ballas sold the
studio in nineteen sixty-four.
Phng khiu v ca ng- Dance City

USA c hn 100 gio vin. ng
bn i nm 1964.
By the early seventies, he was on to

the next big thing.
vo u nhng nm 1970, ng li
tip tc bc sang giai on thnh
cng tip theo.
The idea had come to him at a car

wash. He watched the needle-like
bristles of the brushes as they went
round and round against his car.
tng ny xut pht t bi ra xe.

ng quan st thy nhng ci si lng
ging hnh nhng ci kim ca bn
chi khi chng quay vng qua chic
xe ca mnh.
Could a similar idea be used to cut

grass in places out of reach of
someone pushing a lawn mower?
Liu mt tng tng t ct c

nhng ni xa tm vi vi ngi
ang dng my ct c?
To find out, he placed lengths of

fishing line through holes in a tin
can. He attached the can to the
tm ra cu tr li, ng t chiu
di ca dy nh c qua cc l ca
hp thic. ng gn hp vo b
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 27
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------spinning part of a motorized grass

edger.
phn quay ca my ct c c c
gii ha.
The result? A revolution for millions Kt qu? c mt thay i ln cho

of people who cut grass for a living
hng triu ngi, d h ct c
or just to keep their neighbors happy. kim sng hay ch l khng lm
nh hng n ng hng xm.
George Ballas became known as the
"Weed King." As he once told the
Houston Chronicle, "A Weed Eater
comes along once in a lifetime."
George Ballas tr nn ni ting vi

ci tn Vua C. ng tng chia
s vi t bo Houston Chronicle rng
tng my ct c ch xut hin
mt ln trong i
His invention grew into a company

which he later sold. Today his idea
lives on in a new generation of string
trimmers and edgers that people
often call weed whackers.
Pht minh ca ng pht trin thnh

cng ty nhng sau ng li bn.
Ngy nay tng ca ng vn gip
ch cho nhng ngi lm cng vic
ct ta m ngi ta cn gi l my
nut c.
The noise may not be the nicest, but

neither is a loud mower. Trimmers
work well in corners and along walls
and fences.
C th n s to ra ting n, mt
im khng hay lm, nhng n cng
khng hn qu ln. Ngi ta c th
ct d dng cc gc gch, dc b
tng v hng ro.
They also avoid the use of chemicals

and the labor of pulling weeds by
hand.
H ng thi trnh s dng ha cht

(thuc dit c) hoc nh c bng tay.
Of course, in the wrong hands, a

weed whacker can do damage like
any other power tool.
Tt nhin, my nh c cng c mt
tri, n c th gy hi ging nh cc
cng c chy bng in khc.
The high-speed cutting line can

whack pieces out of trees, wood
fences, stone surfaces or birdbaths.
Dng ct tc cao c th ct tng

mng ra khi cy, hng ro g, mt
hoc b c.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 27
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------In nineteen fifty-two, George Ballas

married Maria Louisa Marulanda, a
flamenco dancer and film actress.
Vo nm 1952, George kt hn vi
Maria Louisa, mt v cng Flameco
v l mt din vin truyn hnh.
They were together for fifty-nine

years until his death.
H sng vi nhau c 59 nm cho

n khi ng qua i

Carolyn Presutti.
Trn y l bn tin ca chng trnh

ting Anh c bit ca VOA. Ti l
Carolyn Presutti
You can find Voice of America's

daily news and information service
for people learning English at
Cc bn c th nghe nht bo ca
Voice of America v thng tin dch
v cho cc bn hc ting nh a
ch voaspecialenglish.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 28
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ideas for Getting a Firm Grip on

Weed Control
Tng Cho Vic Kim Sot C

Di

Agriculture Report.

i VOA
Weeds compete with plantings for

water and nutrients.
C ht nc v cht dinh dng ca

cy trng.
So farmers and gardeners may have

good reason to hate them.
V th nn ngi nng dn v ngi

lm vn c nhiu l do chnh ng
ght b loi thc vt ny
But weeds can also bring pretty

flowers and wild beauty to places
lacking either.
Nhng c c th mang li nhng n

hoa cc p v v p hoang d cho
nhng ni thiu mt trong hai th .
British nature writer Richard Mabey

offers support for them in his new
book.
Nh vn chuyn vit v thin nhin

ngi Anh Richard Mabey minh
chng cho nhn inh trn trong cun
sch mi ca mnh.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 28
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The title says it all. "Weeds: In

Defense of Nature's Most Unloved
Plants.
Cun sch bn lun xung quanh

vn ny. C: s phng ng ca
nhng cy ci khng c yu thch
nht trong t nhin.
" But when exactly is a plant

considered a weed? Experts at Penn
State University say the answer is
simple:
Nhng chnh xc th no c gi l
c?Chuyn gia t trng i hc
Penn State cho rng cu tr li rt
n gin:
when the undesirable qualities

outweigh the good qualities. A crop
plant generally produces several
hundred seeds.
L khi nhng c tnh khng mong

i nhiu hn c tnh tt. Mt v
ma ca cy trng ni chung thng
ch cho ra vi trm ht.
But a weed plant can produce tens or

even hundreds of thousands of seeds.
And if seeds get buried, they may
survive for many years underground.
Nhng vi c th chng c th cho ra

hng chc, thm ch l hng trm
ngn ht. V nu ht vn cn trong
t chng c th sng st trong vi
nm di mt t.
Eradicating weeds means that you

have to remove all the seeds and
roots so the plants will not grow
back.
Dit c ngha l bn phi dit ht

nhng ht, r khng cho c mc li.
But birds or the wind can reintroduce Nhng chim hoc loi ng vt
them to the land.
hoang d khc c th li lm cho c
pht trin tr li.
A more common way to deal with
weeds is to control them enough so
that the land can be used for
planting.
Cch thng thng x l c l

kim sot chng v t phc v
cho cy trng.
Experts advise using two or more

control methods to deal with weeds.
Cc chuyn gia khuyn dng hai hoc

hn nhng phng php khc nhau
gii quyt vi nn c di.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 28
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chemical weed killers or natural

treatments like corn gluten can
suppress weed growth. But so can
dense planting.
Dit c bng ha cht hoc cc

phng thc t nhin. V d cht
Gluten c th gip ngn nga s pht
trin ca c.
Bill Curran is a professor of weed

science at Penn State.
Bill Curran l mt gio s trong

nghin cu v c i hc Penn
State.
ng cho rng nu cy trng cy trng
rm rp, ti tt th n c th nhanh
chng che nh mt tri khng cho
vo t, iu ny lm gim s sinh
trng ca c.
He says a dense, competitive crop

that quickly shades the soil from the
sun will help reduce weed growth.
Other controls include turning over

the soil, pulling the weeds or
covering them with mulch made of
wood, garden waste or other
material.
Nhng bin php khc nh lt p t,

nh c hoc che ph lp ph lm t
g, rc thi t vn hoc nguyn liu
khc.
But even mulch has its limits.

Natural resource specialists point out
that weeds can be transported in
mulch.
Nhng ngay c lp ph cng c mt

hn ch ca n, Chuyn gia v ti
nguyn thin nhin ch ra rng c di
vn c th mc c trong lp ph.
This is also true of soil, grain, hay

and animals.
iu ny cng ng vi t, ht, c
kh v ng vt.
Yet animals like sheep or goats eat

weeds, so they can provide a
biological control.
Nhng ng vt nh l cu hay d n
c, nn chng c th gip ch trong
vic kim sot sinh hc.
Insects and other organisms can also

act as biological controls.
Cn trng v nhng sinh vt khc

cng c th ng vai tr trong kim
sot sinh hc.
Preventing the spread of weeds is an

important part of weed management.
Ngn nga s lan trn ca c cng l

mt phn quan trng trong vic kim
sot c.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 28
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Farm vehicles should be kept out of

areas with weeds. If that is not
possible, then clean off the
equipment and your shoes when
leaving.
Nhng phng tin trn ng rung

nn trnh cc vng c c, nu khng
trnh c th trc khi ri khi khu
vc cn phi gi sch phng tin
v giy dp.
Some people burn weeds or bury

them deep in the ground or make
them into mulch. Professor Curran
says another way to make use of
weeds is to compost them.
Mt s ngi t c hoc chn di

bn. Nhng Gio s Curran chia s
rng c mt cch na li c th tn
dng c l lm phn trn.
The process of making organically

rich compost produces heat. This
heat kills many, though not all, weed
seeds.
Qu trnh lm phn trn giu cht hu

c s sn sinh ra nhit. Nhit ny s
lm cht rt nhiu, mc d khng
phi tt c, cc ht c.
The same is true for seeds that pass

Tng t khi ng vt n c v ht
through animals that graze on weeds. cng tri qua qu trnh tng t.
Carolyn Presutti.
Trn y l chng trnh Ting Anh

c bit, ti l Caralyn Preutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 29
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Economy Pushes Spanish to Learn

English
Tnh Hnh Kinh T Buc Ngi

Dn Ty Ban Nha Phi Hc Ting
Anh

Education Report.
y l bn tin Gio dc ca chng

trnh ting Anh c bit VOA
Spain is struggling with a recession.

More than one in five Spaniards are
out of work.
Ty Ban Nha ang i mt vi tnh

trng suy thoi kinh t. Hn 1/5
ngi dn Ty Ban Nha khng c
vic lm.
The unemployment rate is the

highest of the seventeen nations that
use the euro.
Trong 17 quc gia s dng ng tin

Euro, con s ny ang l mc cao
nht.
But one area of the economy that

seems to be doing well is English
classes.
Tuy nhin, mt lnh vc ca nn kinh

t ny li kh pht trin l cc lp
hc ting Anh.
Mt bo co trong nm nay t
A report this year from the EF
Education First company listed Spain EF(Cng ty Gio dc Hng u)
xp Ty Ban Nha vo danh sch t
is a "low proficiency" country in
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 29
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------English.
nc c trnh ting Anh thp.
Spain ranked just below Italy and

just above Taiwan. About a fifth of
the world speaks Spanish.
Ty Ban Nha ch ng sau Italy v

trn i Loan. Khong 1/5 dn s
th gii ni ting Ty Ban Nha.
There are many Spanish language

TV shows and movies. Spaniards can
also watch Hollywood movies
dubbed in Spanish or news from
Latin America.
C nhiu chng trnh v phim

truyn hnh ni ting Ty Ban Nha.
Ngi dn nc ny cng c th theo
di nhng b phim Hollywood c
lng ting Ty Ban Nha v tin tc t
M La tinh.
One of the few English voices on

Spanish TV belongs to Richard
Vaughan.
Mt trong nhng s t chng trnh

dy ting Anh trn i truyn hnh
Ty Ban Nha l chng trnh ca ng
Richard Vaughan.
Mr. Vaughan is from Texas but for

thirty-five years has lived in Spain.
ng Vaughan n t Texas nhng

sng Ty Ban Nha 35 nm.
He operates that country's biggest

English teaching company. It even
has its own TV channel.
ng to dng nn cng ty dy
ting Anh ln nht trn t nc ny.
Thm ch cng ty ny cn c ring
mt knh truyn hnh.
"Aprende Ingles" -- Learn English -is Spain's only national channel in

English.
"Aprende Ingles\" Hc Ting Anh

l knh ph sng ton quc duy
nht ca Ty Ban Nha bng ting
Anh.
He says people watch his channel

and take his classes to get a better
job.
ng cho bit mi ngi xem chng

trnh v tham gia cc lp hc ca ng
tm mt cng vic tt hn.
"People don't learn English here for

cultural reasons. Some do. But the
motive is always, ninety-nine percent
of the time, professional. "
Tuy cng c mt vi ngoi l nhng

hu ht nhng ngi hc ting Anh
khng v mc ch vn ha m ng
c chnh lun lun, 99% l cng
vic.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 29
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Modern changes in the world

economy -- globalization -- may
offer chances for a better job in
another country.
Nhng thay i hin i trong nn

kinh t th gii qu trnh ton cu
Nhng thay i hin i trong nn
kinh t th gii qu trnh ton cu
ha - mang n c hi cho nhng
cng vic tt hn cc quc gia
khc.
But economic problems at home can

also make people feel they have few
other choices.
Nhng nhng vn kinh t a

phng c th cng lm cho ngi
dn cm thy rng h c t c hi
khc.
The director of the language center at

the London School of Economics
says "language learning is up" across
Europe.
Gim c trung tm ngn ng

Trng i hc Kinh t Lun n
chia s rng vic hc ngn ng ang
din ra khp Chu u.
In Spain, some of those studying

English hope for jobs in Britain or
the United States. But others want to
work for international companies
with offices in Spain.
Ty Ban Nha, mt s ngi hc

ting Anh hy vng s c c cng
vic Anh hay M. S khc th
mun lm vic nhng cng ty a
quc gia c chi nhnh Ty Ban
Nha.
Many companies now require

workers to be bilingual.
Ngy nay c nhiu cng ty i hi

phi bit s dng hai ngn ng
Dominic Campbell is an American

who lives in Madrid and teaches
English part time
Dominic Campbell l mt ngi M

sng Madrid v dy thm ting
Anh
He says a lot of jobs now "want at

least Spanish and English. And a lot
of them are asking for Spanish,
English and French -- especially
airlines.
Anh cho bit hin nay c rt nhiu

cng vic i hi t nht ting Ty
Ban Nha v ting Anh. V rt nhiu
trong s cng vic yu cu c
ting Php, c bit l cc cng vic
v hng khng.
He says many of his students thought Anh cn ni thm, nhiu hc sinh

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 29
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"I've got Spanish, that's all I need.
ca anh ngh rng Ti c ting

Ty Ban Nha, l tt c nhng g
ti cn
" But people also need jobs. More

than forty percent of Spaniards in
their twenties are out of work.
Nhng chng ta cn cn c cng

vic. Hn 40% ngi Ty Ban Nha
ngoi tui 20 ang tht nghip.
Inigo Gomez has an education

degree but could not find a teaching
job.
Inigo Gomez mc d c tm bng

s phm nhng vn khng th tm
c mt cng vic dy hc.
"So I think it's a good idea to go to

V th ti ngh l sang Anh quc v
the United Kingdom and try to find a tm mt cng vic gio vin ting Ty
job as a Spanish teacher."
Ban Nha c th l mt kin hay.
And while he does that, many
Spaniards for the first time will be
spreading their new education in
English at home.
V trong khi Inigo Gomez c suy

ngh th nhiu ngi dn Ty Ban
Nha u tin s ch hc ting Anh
trong nc.

Carolyn Presutti.
Trn y l bn tin ting Anh c

bit ca i VOA, ti l Caralyn
Presutti.
You can learn English and get the

latest news every day at
Cc bn c th hc ting Anh v n
nhn tin tc mi nht hng ngy ti
trang web voaspecialenglish.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 30
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Entrepreneurs
Doanh Nhn X Hi

Economics Report.
y l bn tin Kinh T ca chng

trnh Ting Anh c bit ca i
VOA
Small business entrepreneurs play an

important part in American job
growth. Small businesses have
created almost two-thirds of new
jobs in the last fifteen years.
Nhng nh doanh nghip nh ng

mt vai tr quan trng trong vic to
ra vic lm nc M. Doanh nghip
nh to ra khong 2/3 s cng
vic mi trong 15 nm qua.
The economy has traditionally been

divided into three sectors. One is the
private sector, meaning businesses.
Theo truyn thng. nn kinh t c

chia lm 3 khu vc. Khu vc t
nhn, hay cn gi l cc doanh
nghip
The second is the public sector, or

government. And the third is the
nonprofit sector.
Th hai l khu vc cng, hay khu vc

nh nc. V th ba l khu vc phi
li nhun.
But now some people talk about a

fourth sector. It represents nonprofit
Nhng ngy nay, ngi ta cn cp

n thnh phn th 4. Gm c cc t
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and for-profit organizations working

toward goals of social change and
environmental activism.
chc li nhun v phi li nhun hot

ng vi hng ti mc tiu thay i
x hi v ci thin mi trng.
Universities are starting to offer

training and degree programs to
prepare students to work in this area.
One of these schools is Belmont
University in Nashville, Tennessee.
It now offers a degree in social
entrepreneurship.
Cc trng i hc bt u m
nhng kha hc v chng trnh o
to chun b cho sinh vin c th
lm vic trong lnh vc ny. Mt
trong nhng s c trng i Hc
Belmont Nashville, bang
Tennessee. Hin nay trng ny
c ngnh Doanh nghip x hi.
Bernard Turner is director of the

Center for Social Entrepreneurship at
the university. He says student
interest is driving many of these new
programs.
Bernard Turner l gim c trung

tm doanh nghip x hi ngi
trng ny. ng cho bit Hc sinh
rt hng th tham gia nhiu kha hc
mi ny.
"Students are saying 'Now I want to

be an entrepreneur, but I want to do
something that deals with a social
problem or a social issue that's dear
to me.'"
Cc hc vin cng chia s kin,

By gi ti mun tr thnh mt
doanh nhn, nhng ti mun lm ci
g gii quyt cc vn x hi
hoc nhng vn xung quanh.
William Paddock is founder and

director of a business consulting
company in Tennessee called WAP
Sustainability. He has a business
degree and training in the area of
environmental sustainability.
William Paddock l ngi thnh lp

v gim c ca mt cng ty t vn
doanh nghip Tennessee tn l S
bn vng WAP. ng c bng
doanh nhn v tham gia kha o
to v lnh vc s bn vng ca mi
trng.
Recently, the Custom Packaging

company of Lebanon, Tennessee,
hired him to help make its business
more environmentally friendly. The
company makes cardboard
Hin ti, ng c cng ty bao

b Lebanon, Tennessee thu
gip doanh nghip ny tr nn thn
thin vi mi trng hn. Cng ty
ny to ra nhng ba cc- tng
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------advertising displays for sales

campaigns.
qung co cho chin dch bn hng.
Mr. Paddock advised the company

on recycling and ways to create less
waste. He also persuaded the
business to use electricity from solar
energy.
ng Paddock t vn cho cng ty v

phng php ti ch v cch thc
hn ch rc thi. ng ng thi
thuyt phc cng ty s dng in t
nng lng mt tri.
William Paddock offers his

William Paddock cung cp dch v
consulting services for profit, but
t vn ny v li nhun, tuy nhin
says social responsibility is a big part ng cho bit, cng ty ng cng hot
of what his company does.
ng mt phn ln da trn trch
nhim vi x hi.
"For us it's about protecting the
environment, being better to society,
but also there's an economic piece to
it. We love to... find our passions,
but also save somebody money."
Vi chng ti, s hot ng ca cng

ty l bo v mi trng, gip cho
x hi tt hn, nhng cng c mt
phn li ch kinh t trong . Chng
ti mun thc hin am m ca
mnh, nhng ng thi cng tit kim
tin bc cho mi ngi.
There are now more than sixty

American universities offering socalled green business degrees.
Ngy nay, c hn 60 trng i hc

M t chc chng trnh hc gi l
doanh nghip xanh.
The definition of social

Khi nim v doanh nghip x hi v
entrepreneurship and the exact nature bn cht thc ca thnh phn kinh t
of this sector continue to evolve.
ny vn ang c h m.
Some people are more interested in
social programs and charity. Others
are more interested in business plans
and profits.
Mt s ngi th hng th vi cc
chng trnh v t thin x hi.
Nhng ngi khc th li thch cc
k hoch v kinh doanh hay li
nhun.
But the root of the movement seems

to be a desire to earn a living and
make a difference at the same time.
Nhng ngun gc ca s thay i

ny dng nh chnh l mong mun
kim sng v ng thi to nn s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------khc bit.
Villarreal.
Trn y l chng trnh ting Anh

c bit ca i VOA, ti l Alex
Villarreal.
You can watch a video report on

social entrepreneur at
Cc bn c th theo di bn tin video

v doanh nhn x hi ti trang web:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 31
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apple- Download-Only Software
Mua phn
download
mm
bng
cch

Economic Report.
y l bn tin kinh t ca chng

Apple's new version of its desktop

operating system for Mac computers
is called Mac OS X Lion.
Phin bn mi h iu hnh my tnh

bn ca dng my tnh Mac thuc
hng Apple c tn gi l Mac OS X
Lion.
Apple says this latest OS X upgrade

has over two hundred new features.
Apple cho bit s nng cp mi nht

ca h iu hnh X ny c hn 200
tnh nng mi
But one big difference is how the

company will sell it -- only by
download at its Mac App Store.
Nhng mt im khc bit l cch

bn sn phm ny ca Apple Ch
cn download ti Mac App Store
(gian hng ng dng Mac) ca n.
The price is twenty-nine dollars and

ninety-nine cents. Users without the
current version, Snow Leopard, will
Gi ca n l 29,99 . Khch hng

ang khng s dng phin bn hin
ti- Snow Leopard s phi tr thm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 31
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------have to pay an extra thirty dollars to

download the new release.
30 la ti phin bn mi.
Last year, Apple had more than five

Nm ngoi, Apple thu c hn
hundred million dollars in sales of its 500 la trong doanh s bn hng t
desktop operating system.
h iu hnh my tnh bn.
Experts say download-only software
is getting more common.
Cc chuyn gia cho bit phn mm

bng download ngy cng ph bin
hn.
Dave Wolf is a vice president at

ng Dave Wolf l ph ch tch h
Cynergy Systems in Washington. His thng Cynergy Washington, cng
company helps software designers to ty ca ng gip cc nh thit k
develop and market products.
phn mm pht trin v qung b sn
phm.
He says the computer that many
people use most is their mobile
phone.
ng cho bit thit b in t c

khch hng a chung nht l
in thoi di ng.
People who download apps to

smartphones have come to expect
quick and easy software updates.
Nhng ngi ti App v smartphone

hy vng s c thm nhng nng
cp phn mm nhanh hn v d s
dng hn.
Now, Dave Wolf says phones are

shaping expectations for other
computers.
Wolf cho bit in thoi ang to nn

nhng k vng cho cc my tnh khc
Downloadable programs mean fewer

trips to stores to buy software. But
that can also mean fewer sales for
stores that depend on physical
products, including most video
games.
Chng trnh c th download gip

ngi mua khng phi i n cc ca
hng mua phn mm. Nhng
doanh s bn hng cng t i vi
nhng ca hng bn sn phm trc
tip, hu ht l cc a tr chi.
And not everyone has a high-speed

Internet connection to make
downloads quick and easy.
Hn na khng phi ai cng c kt

ni internet tc cao ti v mt
cch nhanh v d.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 31
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
But Dave Wolf says the cost savings

are a big help to small businesses
trying to reach a wide market. "I
think it's a boon to small software
companies and entrepreneurs who
have incredible ideas and want to get
them out to market."
Tuy nhin, ng Dave Wolf cho bit

rng tit kim chi ph cng l mt
thun li vi cc doanh nghip nh
ang mun m rng th trng. ti
ngh n rt c li cho nhng cng ty
phn mm nh v nhng doanh nhn
c tng mi l mun tung ra th
trng.
He says the Internet radio service

Pandora, for example, can offer free
music because it has no costs of
selling discs in stores. Pandora began
selling shares of stock to the public
in June.
ng nh gi, v d dch v internet

trn radio ca Pandora c th cung
cp nhc min ph bi v n khng
mt ph bn a cc ca hng.
Pandora bt u bn c phn vo
thng 6 va qua.
Next to go may be software stored on

individual computers. Many
companies are moving to cloud
computing. The idea is to save
money by storing software on
somebody else's servers in large data
centers.
tng tip theo ca Apple c th

l phn mm c lu tr trn my
tnh c nhn. Nhiu cng ty ang
chuyn hng sang m hnh in ton
m my. Mc ch ca tng ny
l tit kim chi ph bng vic lu
tr phn mm trn my ch ca
ngi khc trung tm d liu ln.
This way people can easily access

their music library or other
applications from any device. This is
not the case for users of Apple's
iTunes.
Bng cch ny ngi dng c th d

dng truy cp vo th vin nhc ca
h hoc nhng ng dng khc t bt
k thit b no. Nhng nhng ng
dng ny khng dnh cho ngi
dng iTune ca Apple
Now Apple thinks it has a solution

with a cloud-computing service
called iCloud. And Microsoft has
developed Windows Azure. This
platform is for businesses and
software developers to use Internetbased applications
By gi Apple cho rng h c

phng n vi dch v in ton m
my c tn gi l iCloud. V
Microsoft pht trin Windows
Azure. Nn tng ny l dnh cho cc
doanh nghip v nhng nh pht trin
phn mm s dng nhng ng
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 31
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------dng da trn Internet.

Villarreal.

Villarreal.
For daily news and information plus

activities for English learners, go to
bit thm tin tc v nhng thng

tin cng nh cc hot ng cho cc
bn hc ting Anh, hy truy cp vo
trang web voaspecialenglish.com.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 32
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grow It Yourself: Nothing To Cry

About
Trng Hnh: Khng C G Kh

Agriculture Report.

i VOA
Hnh c nhiu kch c, hnh dng,

Onions come in different sizes,
shapes, colors and flavors, from mild mu sc, hng v khc nhau, t du,
ngt cho n mnh v nng.
and sweet to hot and strong.
A full-grown onion plant has roots,
bulbs and leaves. The leaves are
long, thin and hollow.
Mt cy hnh pht trin ton din th

s c r, c, v l. L hnh di,
mng, v rng.
They stand straight up and thicken at

the bottom to form a bulb. Onions
are biennials; their life cycle is two
years long.
Chng mc thng, dy hn phn

gc hnh thnh c. Hnh l loi
cy hai nm, chu k sng ca chng
l 2 nm.
Nhng ngi ta thng thu hoch

But they are usually picked during
their first year after flowers form and ngay nm u tin, sau khi hoa hnh
thnh v c ngng pht trin.
the bulbs stop growing.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 32
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Onions grow best in loose, fertile

soil. They can grow in many
different climates.
Hnh pht trin tt nht t xp,

mu m. N c th trng c
nhiu loi kh hu khc nhau.
In cooler climates, onions may need

fourteen to fifteen hours of daylight
to start forming bulbs.
thi tit lnh hn, hnh cn 14 n

15 gi di nh sng ban ngy bt
u hnh thnh c.
In warmer climates, onions can begin

developing bulbs with fewer hours of
daily sun. Organic material like
compost or leaf mulch can help
onions grow in heavy soil.
Khi tri m, hnh c th bt u pht

trin c sm hn vi gi vi nh
nng mt tri. Cht hu c nh phn
trn hoc lp ph l c th gip
hnh pht trin trong t kh cn.
Barbara Fick is an extension agent at

Oregon State University in the
northwestern United States.
Barbara Fick c mt i l m rng

ti i hc Oregon State Ty Bc
Hoa K.
She says a faster way to grow onions

is to plant small bulbs known as sets
instead of seeds.
B cho bit cch trng hnh nhanh l

trng bng c thay v bng ht.
Onions can be harvested once their

tops have dried and fallen over. You
can store onions for months.
Hnh c thu hoch khi phn ngn

l kh v r xung. Hnh c th
ct c c thng.
But Barbara Fick says stored onions

need to be cured first. "Curing is a
way of making sure those leaves on
the outside are nice and dry."
Nhng b Barbara Fick cng khuyn

rng hnh c d tr cn phi s
ch trc. S ch ngha l m bo
rng nhng l pha ngoi ca c hnh
u kh v khng b hng.
Here are some directions from

editors at the National Gardening
Association. First, dry the onions in
the sun for a day or so.
Sau y l mt vi hng dn ca
bin tp vin Hip hi Lm vn
Quc gia. u tin, phi kh hnh
di mt tri khong 1 ngy.
Then bring them out of direct sun for Sau trnh nh nng mt tri
two to three weeks. Spread them out khong 2 hay 3 tun na. Tri ra ni
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 32
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------in any warm, airy place that is

covered.
thong, m p v c che ph cn
thn.
Or cover the onions with a light

cotton sheet held in place with stones
along the edge. The sheet will keep
the sun from burning the bulbs.
Hoc che bng nhng tm ph si

nh c gi bng nhng hn trn
cc cnh. Tm che s ngn nh nng
mt tri lm hnh b ho.
Don't worry about rain. And do not

use a plastic or canvas sheet. Heavy
coverings will trap moisture and
keep the onions from drying fully.
Cc bn khng phi lo v ma, v

cng ng dng tm ph bng nha
hay bt. Nu ming che dy qu n
s gi m v lm cho hnh khng th
kh hon ton c.
Turn the bulbs a couple of times to

help them dry evenly. After curing
the onions, you can hang them
indoors in mesh bags to dry even
more.
o hnh vi ln gip chng kh

u hn. Sau khi s ch hnh, bn c
th treo ca trong ti li hnh
kh hn.
There should be no wet spots on the

onions when they are put in storage.
Khng nn c no b m t d
ch mt cht khi d tr hnh.
Editors at the National Gardening

Bin tp vin Hip hi Lm vn
Association say the longer onions are Quc gia cho rng hnh cng c s
cured, the better they will keep.
ch tt th chng s cng gi c
lu hn.
Some people cut off the top leaves
before curing onions. If you do that,
do not cut the leaves any closer than
two and a half centimeters from the
bulb.
Mt s ngi ct b l trn u trc

khi s ch hnh. Nhng nu lm vy,
bn ng ct l gn qu 2,5 cm t
phn c.

Villarreal.

c bit ca i VOA. Ti l Alex
Villarreal.
For more stories about gardening,

bit thm thng tin v lm vn,
including more advice about growing hoc li khuyn v cch trng hnh,
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 32
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------onions, go to voaspecialenglish.com.
mi cc bn hy truy cp vo trang
web voaspecialenglish.com.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 33
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For Lots of People, Getting Older

Means Getting Happier
Vi Nhiu Ngi, Cng Gi Cng

C Nhiu Nim Vui.

Health Report.
y l bn tin Sc khe ca chng

trnh ting Anh c bit ca VOA.
Old age may not sound exciting. But Tui gi nghe c v khng c g th
research findings offer good news for v lm. nhng kt qu ca nhng
older people and for people worried nghin cu gn y a ra nhng
tin tc tt lnh cho ngi gi v
about getting older.
nhng ngi lun lo lng v tui tc.
Researchers found that people
become happier and experience less
worry after they reach the age of
fifty.
Cc nh nghin cu ch ra rng
ngi ta s tr nn vui v v t lo lng
hn sau khi h n tui 50.
In fact, they say by the age of eighty- Thc t, cc nh nghin cu cho bit
tui 85, ngi ta tr nn vui v
five, people are happier with their
vi cuc sng hn lc h 18 tui
life than they were when they were
eighteen years old.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The findings came from a survey of

more than three hundred forty
thousand adults in the United States.
Pht hin mi ny l kt qu t cuc

iu tra hn 340 ngn ngi trng
thnh M.
The Gallup Organization questioned

them by telephone in two thousand
eight. At that time, the people were
between the ages of eighteen and
eighty-five.
T chc Gallup kho st h bng

in thoi vo nm 2008. Vo thi
im ny, nhng ngi c phng
vn ang tui t 18 n 85.
The researchers asked questions

about emotions like happiness,
sadness and worry. They also asked
about mental or emotional stress.
Nhng nh nghin t ra nhng cu

hi v cm xc nh l vui v, bun
phin hay lo u. h cn t ra nhng
cu hi v p lc tinh thn hoc tnh
cm.
Arthur Stone Khoa Tm thn v

Arthur Stone in the Department of
Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Khoa hc hnh vi ti i hc Stony
Stony Brook University in New York Brook New York tin hnh
cuc nghin cu
led the study.
His team found that levels of stress
were highest among adults between
the ages of twenty-two and twentyfive.
i nghin cu ca ng pht hin

ra rng mc p lc cao nht l
nhng ngi c tui t 22 n 25.
The findings showed that stress

levels dropped sharply after people
reached their fifties. Happiness was
highest among the youngest adults
and those in their early seventies.
Kt qu ny cho thy mc p lc
gim mnh sau khi ngi ta n
tui 50. Con ngi cm thy vui v
nht tui mi trng thnh v
nhng ngi ngoi 70.
Nhng ngi tui by tm mi

The people least likely to report
feeling negative emotions were those dng nh t cm thy bi quan nht.
in their seventies and eighties.
The study also showed that men and
women have similar emotional
patterns as they grow older.
Nghin cu cn ch ra rng cng

nhiu tui th n ng v ph n li
cng c nhng trng thi cm xc
ging nhau.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 33
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
However, women at all ages reported Tuy nhin, ph n bt c tui

more sadness, stress and worry than no cng c v d c nhiu bun
men.
phin, p lc, lo lng hn n ng.
The findings appeared last year in
the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. Researchers
say they do not know why happiness
increases as people get older.
Kt qu ny tng xut hin trong

bn bo co nm ngoi ca vin khoa
hc quc gia. Cc nh nghin cu cho
rng h vn cha bit nguyn nhn
ti sao khi ngi ta gi i th li cng
cm thy vui v hn.
One theory is that, as people grow

older, they grow more thankful for
what they have and have better
control of their emotions.
Mt kin cho rng khi ngi ta gi

i, h s cm thy bit n hn vi
nhng g h c v ng thi h cng
kim sot tnh cm tt hn.
They also spend less time thinking

about bad experiences. Professor
Stone said the emotional patterns
could be linked to changes in how
people see the world, or maybe even
changes in brain chemistry.
H t ngh v nhng chuyn bun.

gio s Stone cho bit nhng biu
hin cm xc c lin quan n nhng
thay i v cch con ngi ta nhn
nhn th gii, hoc thm ch l thay
i cht ha hc trong b no.
The researchers also considered

Cc nh nghin cu cng xem xt
possible influences like having
nhng nh hng c th nh c con,
young children, being unemployed or tht nghip, hay c thn.
being single.
But they found that influences like
these did not affect the levels of
happiness and well-being related to
age.
Nhng h thy rng nhng yu t

khng nh hng n mc hnh
phc v sc khe lin quan n tui
tc.

Carolyn Presutti.You can learn
English and stay informed every day
from your computer or mobile device
at voaspecialenglish.com.

c bit ca VOA, ti l Caralyn
Presutti. Cc bn c th hc ting
Anh hoc cp nht thng tin hng
ngy trn trang web
voaspecilaenglish.com vi chic my
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------tnh hoc bt c thit b di ng no

ca cc bn.
You can also find us on Facebook,
Cc bn cn c th xem chng trnh
Twitter and iTunes at VOA Learning ny trn mc hc ting Anh VOA
English.
trn Fcabook, Twitter v iTunes
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 34
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Websites Show Young People How Nhng Trang web Hng Dn

Cch Tit Kim Tin
to Save
Education Report.

trnh ting Anh c bit ca VOA.
Young people are perhaps better

known for spending money than for
saving it. But some new banking
websites are seeking to change that.
Gii tr c l c bit n l gii

tiu tin hn l tit kim tin. Nhng
mt s trang web mi ca ngnh ngn
hng mi ang tm cch thay i tnh
trng .
These websites offer young people

the information and tools they need
to watch over their money. These
sites also let users share their
financial experiences with other
young people.
Nhng trang web ny cung cp cho

gii tr cc thng tin v cng c cn
thit gip h kim sot c ti chnh
ca mnh. ng thi, cc trang web
ny cng cho php ngi s dng
chia s nhng kinh nghim ti chnh
ca mnh cho nhng ngi tr tui
hn.
Michael Ferrari cng vi mt ngi
bn pht trin trang SmartyPig vo
nm 2007: Smartpig vi mc ch
Michael Ferrari developed

SmartyPig with a friend in two
thousand seven: "SmartyPig is really
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 34
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------all about helping people save for

very specific financial goals. So that
could be a wedding, a vacation, an
iPhone."
thc s l gip mi ngi c th tit

kim cho nhng mc tiu ti chnh
tht c th. C th l mt m ci,
mt k ngh hay mt chic iPhone.
Mr. Ferrari says SmartyPig began

after he started a college savings
account for his new baby. He says
that experience helped him realize
the power of saving for a specific
goal.
ng Ferrari cho bit ng c tng

v SmartPig sau khi ng bt u tit
kim v a con mi sinh ca mnh.
ng ni rng chnh kinh nghim
gip ng nhn gi tr ca vic tit
kim cho mt mc tiu c th.
Helping other savers pay attention to

their goals is the idea behind his
company. Mr. Ferrari says his
website also enables outsiders to add
money to the accounts of its users.
Gip nhng ngi gi tit kim khc

ch n mc tiu ca h l tng
ng sau ca cng ty ny. ng Ferrari
ni rng website ca ng cng cho
php ngi ngoi gi tin vo ti
khon ca ngi s dng.
"Perhaps maybe a holiday is coming

up or your birthday is coming up,
and rather than getting a gift, your
friends, your family can actually
contribute to any of your SmartyPig
goals."
C th mt k ngh hay sinh nht ca

bn sp n, thay v mua mt mn
qu, th bn b hoc gia nh bn c
th gip bn tin nhanh n bt k
mt mc tiu no trong Smartpig.
A growing number of young people

have shown an interest in personal
finance sites like SmartyPig.
Ngy cng c nhiu ngi th hin

s quan tm hn n nhng trang ti
chnh c nhn nh Smartpig.
These sites offer tools that help users

follow their spending, set up a
budget and combine their
investments. And the sites all involve
social media.
Nhng trang ny h tr cng c gip

ngi dng theo di chi tiu ca h,
lp ngn sch v kt hp u t. V
nhng trang ny thng c s tham
gia ca phng tin truyn thng.
Janet Stauble is with the personal

finance website bankrate.com. She
says a lot of people feel at ease
sharing personal information online.
Janet Stauble lm website ti chnh

bankrate.com. B cho bit rt nhiu
ngi cm thy thoi mi khi chia s
thng tin c nhn trn mng.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 34
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"It's not likely that, you know, you

might go to a friend and say, 'Hey, I
paid off one thousand dollars on my
credit card today,' but people write
up blog posts about it and they
explain how they did it, and how
much closer they are to their
financial goal, whatever it is."
Bn bit y, n khng ging kiu

bn n bn ngi bn v ni Hm
nay t tit kim c 1000 la
trong ti khon, m ngi ta s vit
ln blog v gii thch bn tit
kim n nh th no, v bn ang
giai on no trn con ng i n
mc tiu ca bn, hay bt c iu g
tng t.
Steve Weisman teaches about

financial issues at Bentley University
in Waltham, Massachusetts. He says
the more creative the websites are in
providing services, the more
successful they will be in competing
against traditional banks or even
cooperating with them.
Steve Weisman l gio vin nhng

mn hc ti chnh i hc Bentley
Waltham, Massachusetts. ng chia
s, cc trang mng cng sng to hn
trong cch cung cp cc dch v th
h cng thnh cng hn trong cuc
ua vi cc ngn hng truyn thng
hoc thm ch l s c th cng tc
vi cc ngn hng .
"For instance, SmartyPig, they are

not actually a bank, but they are
partnered with a bank.
V d, Smartpig thc ra khng phi

l mt ngn hng, m l h cng tc
vi mt ngn hng.
And what you're going to see is big

banks and little banks that are
legitimate financial institutions, but
not necessarily the most savvy when
it comes to computers or the Internet,
they will partner up with other
companies that may be doing some
of the Web material and other
assistance."
V bn c th thy rng ngn hng

ln, ngn hng b u l nhng th
ch ti chnh hp php nhng khng
nht thit phi hiu r tng tn v
web hay my tnh , m h s cng tc
vi cc cng ty khc m c th h tr
nhng ti liu v web hoc nhng h
tr cn thit khc.

Villarreal.
Trn y l chng trnh Ting Anh

c bit ca i VOA, Ti l Alex
Villarreal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 34
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 35
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Greece's Debt Crisis and the

Future of Europe
Khng Hong N Cng Hy Lp

v Tng Lai ca Chu u.

Economics Report
y l bn tin kinh t ca chng

Finance ministers from the euro area

met in Poland in the middle of
September to discuss the Greek debt
crisis.
B trng ti chnh ca cc nc
Chu u c cuc hp Ba Lan
vo gia thng 9 tho lun v vn
khng hong n ca Hy-lp.
American Treasury Secretary Tim

Geithner joined them. Fabian Zuleeg,
chief economist at the European
Policy Center in Brussels, said the
United States was right to get
involved.
B trng ti chnh M ng Tim

Geithner cng tham gia cuc hp.
ng Fabian Zuleeg- chuyn gia kinh
t trng ca Trung tm Chnh sch
Chu u Brussels cho bit nc
M c l khi tham gia cuc hp.
"The intervention from the US has

also shown at least a risk that the
stability of the financial system as a
whole -- the global financial system - might be under threat again."
S can thip ca M t nht cng

th hin mt nguy c rng s n nh
ca ton b h thng ti chnh- h
thng ti chnh ton cu - c th mt
ln na s b e da.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 35
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Earlier, the leaders of France,

Germany and Greece held a
conference call to discuss how to
contain Europe's deepening financial
crisis. Germany and France are
Europe's two largest economies.
Trc , cc lnh o ca Php,

c v Hy Lp t chc mt hi
tho nhm ra phng n km hm
qu trnh khng hong ti chnh Chu
u. c v Php l 2 nn kinh t ln
nht Chu u.
Seventeen European Union countries

use the euro as their currency. On
September fifteenth, five major
central banks agreed to lend
additional dollars to European banks
in the euro zone.
17 quc gia trong Lin minh Chu

u (EU) s dng ng tin chu u
lm tin t ca quc gia. Vo 15
thng 9, nm ngn hng trung ng
chnh ng cho cc ngn hng
chu u trong khu vc s dng ng
tin Euro vay la b sung.
The European Central Bank says the

three-month loans will provide as
many dollars as the banks need. The
operations will end in December.
Ngn hng Trung ng Chu u

(ECB) cho bit cc ngn hng cn
bao nhiu la s cho vay by nhiu
vi cc khon vay 3 thng. Cc hot
ng s kt thc vo thng 12.
The European Central Bank is acting

with the United States Federal
Reserve, the Bank of England, the
Bank of Japan and the Swiss
National Bank.
ECB ang thc hin chnh sch ny

vi Cc d tr lin bang M, Ngn
hng Anh, Ngn hng Nht Bn v
Ngn hng Quc gia Thy S.
The announcement helped lift

European bank shares and major
European stock lists.The Paris-based
Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development has
lowered its growth estimates for the
euro area.
Thng bo ny lm tng gi tr c
phiu ca ngn hng Chu u v
bng nim yt chng khon Chu
u. T chc Hp tc v Pht trin
Kinh t c tr s Pari gim mc
nh gi pht trin i vi ng
tin Euro.
In Greece the economy has shrunk

this year. German Chancellor Angela
Merkel urged eurozone nations to do
everything possible to avoid an
Hy Lp, nn kinh t trong nm nay

i xung. Th tng c Angela
Merkel thc gic cc quc gia s
dng ng tin euro lm mi cch c
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 35
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"uncontrolled insolvency" by Greece. th trnh tnh trng v n khng

th kim sot c t Hy Lp.
On September thirteenth, she warned
that problems would quickly spread
if Greece failed to pay its
international rescue loans.
Vo ngy 13 thng chn, b cnh

bo rng tnh trng ny s nhanh
chng lan rng nu Hy Lp khng th
tr c khon vay cu tr th gii
ca h.
And, she said, "If the euro fails,

Europe fails."The next day,
European Commission President
Jose Manuel Barroso spoke to the
European Parliament.
B cho bit thm, nu cc quc gia

s dng ng tin euro khng th lm
c vic , th c Chu u cng
khng th. Ngy hm sau, Ch tch
y ban chu u Jose Manuel Barroso
c cuc trao i vi Ngh vin
chu u
He announced that the commission

would propose creating "eurobonds."
The idea is for euro zone
governments to jointly guarantee
their debts.
ng thng bo rng y ban s

xut pht hnh tri phiu chu u.
tng ny gip cc chnh ph khu
vc ng tin chung chu u cng
nhau bo v cc khon n ca h
Germany and France have opposed

such bonds. Mr. Barroso also said
the current system that lets individual
countries easily block policy is not
working.
Tuy nhin c, Php li phn i

xut v tri phiu trn. ng Barroso
cng cho rng h thng hin hnh cho
php cc quc gia ring l d dng
ngn chn chnh sch ang khng
hot ng
"I am convinced we need a deeper

and more results-driven integration.
... A system based purely on
intergovernment cooperation has not
worked in the past and will not work
in the future."
Ti tin rng chng ta cn c nhng

can thip su hn v c hiu qu hn.
Mt h thng hon ton da trn hp
tc lin chnh ph khng c hiu
qu trong qu kh v cng s khng
c hiu qu trong tng lai.

Villarreal.

c bit ca VOA, ti l Alex
Villareal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 35
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 36
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
South Korea Tops 'Information

Society' Report
Hn Quc Dn u trong Bng

Bo Co v "X Hi Thng tin"

Technology Report
y l bn tin Cng ngh ca

i VOA.
Falling prices are fueling growth in

high-speed Internet services,
especially in developing countries.
Gi gim ang thc y s tng

trng dch v internet tc cao
mt cch mnh m, c bit nhng
nc ang pht trin.
Recently the International

Telecommunication Union released
its "Measuring the Information
Society 2011" report.
Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU)

gn y a ra bn bo co o
lng X hi Thng tin 2011
The ITU, part of the United Nations,

compared access, use and skills in
one hundred fifty-two countries.The
report says South Korea has the
world's most developed economy in
information and communication
ITU- t chc thuc lin hp quc

so snh s ln truy cp, s dng v
k nng cng ngh thng tin ca
152 nc. Bo co ny cho bit Hn
Quc l nn kinh t pht trin cng
ngh thng tin v truyn thng hay
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------technology, or ICT.
cn gi l ICT nht trn th gii.
Sweden, Iceland, Denmark and

Thy in, Ai-x-len, an Mch v
Finland were also among the top five Phn Lan cng nm trong tp 5 nc
in the ICT Development Index.
c ch s pht trin ICT cao nht.
The index compares two thousand
eight and two thousand ten scores.
Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Vietnam and
Russia had some of the biggest
improvements between those years.
Ch s ny so snh nhng con s t

c nm 2008 v 2010. Rp
Saudi, Morocco, Vit Nam v Nga l
nhng nc c nhng bc tin
ng k nht trong nhng nm ny.
Susan Teltscher is head of the ICT

Data and Statistics Division at the
International Telecommunication
Union in Switzerland. She says most
of the growth has come from one
source.
B Susan Teltscher l Trng Ban

Thng K v D Liu ICT ti Lin
Hip Vin Thng Quc T Thy
S. B cho bit hu ht s pht trin
ny u do mt nhn t thc y.
"Mobile broadband is now leading

the growth race among the different
ICT indicators -- much higher than
the other key indicators that we look
at, like regular mobile phone
subscriptions, fixed telephone or
fixed broadband. ... And the good
news is that it's also starting to grow
in developing countries."
Mng bng rng di ng ang dn

u cuc ua tng trng so vi cc
dch v khc ca ICT, cao hn nhiu
cc dch v quan trng khc m
chng ta c bit nh thu bao di
ng thng xuyn, in thoi c
nh v bng rng c nhv tin
ng mng l bng rng di ng
cng ang bt u pht trin cc
nc ang pht trin.
Mobile broadband subscriptions

reached eight hundred seventy-two
million by the end of last year. Three
hundred million of those are in
developing countries.
S thu bao bng rng di ng ln

n con s 872 triu thu bao vo
cui nm ngoi. Trong 300 triu
thu bao l cc nc ang pht
trin.
Ms. Teltscher says "If we can bring

Internet over the mobile phones, then
we can really make a difference in
terms of improving Internet access
B Teltscher cho bit nu chng ta

c th cung cp dch v internet qua
in thoi di ng th chng ta c th
to nn mt s khc bit thc s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------also in developing countries."
trong vic nng cao kh nng truy

cp internet c nhng nc ang
pht trin
Falling prices are adding to the

growth, she says: "Especially in the
broadband area, the prices dropped
by over fifty percent between two
thousand eight and two thousand ten
-- which is a very encouraging
finding because this was primarily
drops in the developing countries."
Gi gim cng l nhn t gp phn

vo s tng trng . B chia s
rng c bit dch v bng rng,
ch t nm 2008 n 2010 gi
gim hn 50%, iu ny cng l mt
kt qu ng khch l v ch yu s
gim gi ny din ra cc nc ang
pht trin.
Even so, the report says people in

many low-income countries are still
paying too much for high-speed
Internet connections.
Mc d vy bo co cng nu r
ngi dn cc nc c thu nhp
thp vn cn phi chu mc ph qu
cao cho dch v kt ni internet tc
cao.
In Africa, broadband service for a

home or office cost almost three
times an average monthly income
last year.
Chu Phi, trong nm qua, ph dch

v bng rng cho c quan hoc h gia
nh cao gn gp 3 ln thu nhp
trung bnh thng ca ngi dn ni
y.
That was down from six and a half

times as much in two thousand eight.
Also, there are big differences in
broadband speed and quality from
country to country. South Korea has
Asia's fourth largest economy.
Con s ny gim t mc 6,5 ln

vo nm 2008. Hn na, tc v
cht lng ca dch v bng rng
cng rt khc nhau cc nc. Hn
Quc l quc gia ln th 4 chu
v lnh vc ny.
Susan Teltscher says, "If you look at

... what they have been achieving in
terms of ICT development, it's
actually higher than what you would
expect given their national income."
B Susan Teltscher cho bit thm,

Nu bn nhn vo nhng g h t
c trong lnh vc pht trin Cng
ngh thng tin v vin thng, N thc
ra cn ln hn rt nhiu so vi thng
k trong thu nhp quc dn
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------For VOA Special English, I'm

Carolyn Presutti.

VOA xin tm dng ti y, ti l
Carolyn Presutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 37
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trying a New Way to Stop Dengue Th nghim phng php mi

phng nga st xut huyt

Health Report
y l bn tin Sc khe ca chng

Dengue fever feels like a severe case

of the flu, including pain in the
muscles and joints.
St xut huyt l mt trng hp

nghim trng ca cm, n s lm au
cc c v khp.
The World Health Organization says

there may be fifty million dengue
infections every year.
T chc y t th gii (WHO) cho bit

hng nm c khong 50 triu trng
hp b st xut huyt.
Deaths are rare, fewer than thirteen

thousand a year. But dengue has
spread sharply since the nineteen
seventies.
Tuy t c trng hp t vong, di

13.000 ca mi nm, nhng st xut
huyt lan rng nhanh chng k t
nhng nm 1990.
The disease is found mostly in cities. Dch st xut huyt thng gp khu
The WHO says forty percent of the
vc thnh ph. WHO cho bit 40%
world's population is now at risk in
dn s th gii trn hn 100 quc gia
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 37
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------more than one hundred countries.
ang c nguy c mc dch ny.
Southeast Asia and the Western

Pacific are the most affected. Dengue
is also found in Africa, the Americas
and the eastern Mediterranean.
ng Nam v Ty Thi Bnh

Dng l hai khu vc hay b nhim
bnh nht. St xut huyt cn xut
hin nhiu chu Phi, M, v ng
a Trung Hi
There is no vaccine against dengue

and no special treatment. Scott
Ritchie of James Cook University in
Queensland, Australia, says control
efforts target the mosquitoes that
spread dengue.
Hin vn cha c loi vc xin hay

phng php cha tr c hiu no
cho dch st xut huyt. ng Scott
Ritchie t trng i hc Cook
Queensland, Australia cho bit
nhng n lc ang hng ti kim
sot mui, mm mng ly lan dch
st xut huyt.
He says the only way to control it is

through the use of pesticides
chemicals and perhaps community
education.
ng cho rng cch duy nht kim

sot mui l dng thuc dit mui v
gio dc cng ng.
But some mosquitoes are getting

resistant to those pesticides. He and
other scientists from Australia and
the United States are working on a
different plan of attack.
Tuy nhin c mt s loi mui ang

dn khng thuc. ng v cc nh
khoa hc khc n t c v M tip
tc tin hnh mt k hoch tn cng
khc.
They blocked the growth of dengue

virus in mosquitoes by infecting
them with a kind of bacteria called
Wolbachia pipientis.
H ngn chn s pht trin ca vi rt

st xut huyt trong c th mui bng
cch tim vo chng mt loi vi
khun c tn l Wolbachia pipientis
Wolbachia is commonly found in

fruit flies and is safe for people. The
researchers released mosquitoes
infected with Wolbachia into an
indoor test area filled with uninfected
mosquitoes.
Khun Wolbachia thng thy

rui gim v n khng gy hi cho
ngi. cc nh nghin cu th
nhng con mui c tim
Wolbachia vo mt khu vc th
nghim trong nh c nhng con
mui khng c tim
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 37
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The infected ones mated with the

uninfected ones and successfully
spread the bacteria. The researchers
then tried their experiment outdoors.
Nhng con mui c tim khun

giao phi vi nhng con cha c
tim v qua truyn vi khun cho
nhng con cha tim. Sau cc nh
nghin cu th th nghim ny
ngoi tri.
Over a two-month period they

released more than three hundred
thousand infected mosquitoes in two
Australian towns. Scott O'Neill at
Monash University in Melbourne
says the mosquitoes quickly infected
wild populations just as they had in
the indoor test.
Trong 2 thng h th hn 300

nghn con mui tim vi khun vo
2 thnh ph nh c. ng Scott
O'Neill t i hc Monash
Melbourne cho bit rng mui s
nhanh chng lan truyn rng ri sang
cc con nh th nghim lm
trong nh.
Once the release has stopped, the

Wolbachia continued to increase
until the experiments ended.
Khi h khng cn th thm na th vi

khun Wolbachia vn tip tc tng
cho n khi th nghim kt thc.
Next, the plan is to do tests over the

next two to three years in an area
where many people are infected with
dengue.
Tip theo, k hoch ny s p dng

phng n trn cho nhng vng c
nhiu ngi mc dch st xut huyt
trong 2 n 3 nm tip theo.
The researchers described their work

in two papers published in the
journal Nature.Mosquitoes also
spread malaria.
Nhng nh nghin cu miu t

cng vic ca h trong 2 trang giy
c xut bn trong tp ch Nature.
Ngoi ra, mui cng l con ng
ly lan bnh st rt.
The kind of mosquito that injects the

malaria parasite into the people it
bites is most active around sunset
and sunrise.
Nhng loi mui truyn k sinh

trng st rt vo ngi b t thng
hot ng mnh vo lc chp ti
hoc m sng.
So bed nets can help protect people

while they sleep. But the mosquito
that spreads dengue, Aedes aegypti,
V th dng mn ng c th gip
phng bnh st rt. Nhng loi mui
Aedes aegypti- loi ly bnh st xut
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 37
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------is most active during the day.
huyt li hot ng c ngy ln m.
For VOA Special English, I'm , I'm

Alex Villarreal.

i VOA xin tm dng ti y. Ti l
Alex Villareal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 38
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amazon Launches E-Book

Lending for Libraries
Amazon Thc Hin Dch V Cho

Th Vin Mn Sch in T

Technology Report
y l bn tin Cng Ngh ca

i VOA.
Amazon.com recently launched its

Kindle library-lending service in the
United States. Millions of users of
the Kindle reader and app can now
borrow Kindle books from their local
public library.
Trang web Amazon.com gn y

ra mt dch v cho th vin mn
sch Kindle M. Hng triu ngi
dng Kindle v App by gi c th
mn sch ca Kindle t th vin
cng cng a phng h.
The company is working with

OverDrive, a leading supplier of ebooks and other digital content to
libraries.
Cng ty ny ang hp tc vi
OverDrive, nh cung cp sch in t
v cc ni dung k thut s hng u
cho cc th vin.
The service will be available through Dch v ny s c cung cp qua

cc trang web ca hn 11 ngn th
the websites of more than eleven
vin a phng trn ton quc.
thousand local libraries across the
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 38
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------country.
Users of other devices including the
Barnes and Noble Nook and Sony
Reader have already been able to
borrow library books.
Nhng ngi dng cc thit b khc

nh Barnes, Noble Nook v Sony
Reader c th mn sch t nhng
th vin ny.
Experts say Amazon's entry is likely

to reopen a debate between
publishers and libraries over e-book
lending. Bill Rosenblatt is president
of Giant Steps Media Technology
Strategies, a consulting company.
Cc chuyn gia cho bit Amazon c

kh nng s m li mc tranh lun
gia cc nh xut bn v th vin v
vic cho mn sch in t. Bill
Rosenblatt l ch tch ca mt cng
ty t vn Giant Steps Media
Technology Strategies (cng ty chin
lc cng ngh truyn thng).
He says "Publishers and libraries are

enemies that occur in nature like
snakes and mongeese. Libraries
would like to be able to make books
available to everyone, all the time,
with no limitations. And publishers,
of course, would like to sell more
books to the public."
ng cho bit Nh xut bn v pha

th vin vn khng i tri chung
ging nh rn v cy mongoose.
Pha bn th vin th mun c th
cung cp sch cho tt c c gi
trong mi lc, m khng c bt c ro
cn no. Trong khi , pha bn xut
bn, tt nhin h li mun bn thm
nhiu sch cho cng chng.
Mr. Rosenblatt says the debate in the ng Rosenblatt chia s thm, cuc
United States centers on what is
tranh lun ny M tp trung vo
known as the law of first sale.
vn cn gi l lut v ln bn
hng u tin.
"Once you buy any kind of media
product such as a book or a CD or a
DVD or anything like that, you can
do whatever you want with it. You
can read it, you can give it away, you
can lend it, you can resell it, you can
burn it, you can use it as a Frisbee -whatever you want."
Mt khi bn mua bt c mt sn
phm truyn thng no nh sch, a
CD hay DVD hay bt c ci g tng
t, th bn c th lm bt c nhng g
bn mun. Bn c th c, vt i, cho
mn, bn li, t i hay c th ch
s dng nh mt chic da chi,
bt c nhng g bn mun.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 38
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This law of first sale is what permits

libraries to lend books over and over
again without having to pay
publishers each time. But it does not
include digital products.
Theo lut v ln bn hng u tin th

th vin c php cho mn sch
nhiu ln m khng cn phi tr ph
cho nh xut bn mi ln cho mn.
Nhng iu ny khng p dng cho
cc sn phm k thut s.
Technology known as digital rights

management can make e-books
unreadable once they have reached a
certain time or user limit.
Mt loi cng ngh c bit n

nh l s qun l quyn v k thut
s c th s khng cho php c gi
c cc sch in t sau mt thi
gian hoc mt gii hn s dng nht
nh.
Bill Rosenblatt points out that one of

the major publishers made an
announcement several months ago.
Harper Collins said it was only going
to allow e-books to be lent out
twenty-six times, and then they
would have to be purchased by the
libraries again.
Bill Rosenblatt ch ra rng mt trong

nhng nh xut bn ln ra mt
thng bo cch y my thng. ng
Harper Collins cho bit sch in t
s c cho php mn trong 26 ln
v sau th th vin phi mua li.
HarperCollins says it took the action

to protect the growing e-book
industry and its own book sales.
ng HarperCollins cho bit thm h

lm nh vy l bo v ngnh cng
nghip sch in t ang ln dn v
cng chnh l bo v doanh s bn
sch ca chnh h.
But Bill Rosenblatt says critics did

not see it that way. They think
"because a digital book lasts forever,
as long as it's stored somewhere in
digital form, that it should be
lendable forever." He says the debate
over e-book lending will likely end
up in court.
Nhng ng Bill Rosenblatt cho rng

cc nh ph bnh khng nhn nhn
theo cch . H cho rng V sch
in t th c th tn ti vnh vin,
min l n c lu gi mt ni
no di dng in t, v th nn
n nn c cho mn mi mi.
ng ni cuc tranh lun v vic cho
mn sch in t c v nh ch c
th kt thc bng mt phin ta.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 38
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Villarreal.
Trn y l hng trnh ting Anh

c bit ca VOA, ti l Alex
Villarreal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 39
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fukushima Children Tested for

Thyroid Cancer Risk
Tr Em Fukushima c Kim
Tra Nguy C Ung Th Tuyn Gip

Health Report
y l bn tin Sc Khe ca chng

Japanese doctors have begun

examining three hundred sixty
thousand children in Fukushima
Prefecture.
Cc bc s Nht Bn bt u kim
tra 360 ngn tr em qun
Fukushima.
The goal is to learn the extent to

which radiation may increase their
risk of thyroid cancer. Children who
lived closest to the Fukushima-1
Nuclear Power Station were among
the first to be tested.
Mc ch ca cuc kho st ny l
tm hiu mc bc x c th lm
tng nguy c ung th tuyn gip ca
tr em nhng vng ny. Tr em sng
gn trm nng lng ht nhn
Fukushima-1 nht s c kim tra
trc tin.
The earthquake and tsunami that

struck northeastern Japan in March
left twenty thousand people dead or
missing.
Trn ng t v sng thn tn cng

ng bc Nht Bn vo thng ba va
qua lm 20.000 ngi cht v mt
tch.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 39
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
So far no one has died from radiation

exposure. But tens of thousands
remain displaced from a twentykilometer area around the disabled
power plant.
Cho n nay vn cha c ngi cht

do n bc x. Nhng hng vn ngi
vn phi sng cch ly nh my nng
lng vi bn knh 20 kilomet, mc
d n gn nh khng hot ng
na.
Officials say the thyroid tests will be

done every two years until the
children reach the age of twenty.
After that, tests will be done every
five years.
Cc nh chc trch cho bit cc em s

c kim tra tuyn gip 2 nm mt
ln cho n18 tui. Sau 20 tui, s
c kim tra 5 nm 1 ln.
Most cancers of the thyroid gland

can be treated if found early. Some
people in Tokyo and other cities are
measuring radiation levels
themselves.
Hu ht ung th tuyn gip u c

th cha tr c nu pht hin sm.
Mt s ngi dn Tokyo v cc
thnh ph khc ang t kim tra
nng bc x cho mnh.
They worry about a possible risk

from Fukushima. Recently, a private
laboratory confirmed the presence of
increased levels of radioactive
cesium in some dirt at Tokyo's
Edogawa ballpark.
H lo lng c th b nh hng t
Fukushima. Gn y, mt phng th
nghim t xc nhn nng cht
Xzi phng x tng ln trong mt
s bi sn bng chy Edogawa,
Tokyo.
The area is nearly two hundred fifty

kilometers from the reactors. Two
mothers at the ballpark expressed
surprise when told about the
radioactive hot spot.
Khu vc ny cch l phn ng gn

250km. Hai b m khu vc sn
bng chy by t s ngc nhin
khi bit tin v im nng phng x
ny.
The women said they had heard

many general reports about radiation
since the disaster in March.
Hai b m ny cho bit h nghe

rt nhiu tin tc tng hp v phng x
k t v thm ha vo thng ba va
qua.
They felt they could not be overly

H cm thy h khng th qu lo
concerned about those reports or they lng v nhng tin tc v cng s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 39
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------would not be able to go on with their

daily lives.
khng n lun m nh trong cuc

sng hng ngy.
Private citizens found abnormal

levels of radiation in the air on the
path to a Tokyo school. However,
government officials said the cause
was under the floor of a nearby
house: old bottles containing radium
powder.
Ngi dn thy mc phng x

khc thng trong khng kh trn
ng n mt ngi trng Tokyo.
Tuy nhin, cc quan chc chnh ph
cho bit nguyn nhn ca hin tng
ny l t bn di nn mt ngi nh
gn , do c cc l chai c cha bt
Rai.
Radium was used in the past to make

watch and clock faces glow in the
dark.The International Atomic
Energy Agency said in October that
Japan must avoid becoming too
"conservative" in its clean-up efforts.
Trc y ngi ta dng Rai lm

cho mt ng h eo tay v treo
tng pht sng trong bng ti. C
quan nng lng nguyn t quc t
(IAEA) pht biu vo thng 10
va qua, rng Nht Bn cn trnh tr
nn qu bo th trong nhng n lc
thu dn tn d ca h.
Japanese officials have ordered an

increase in radiation testing, but they
say hot spots outside Fukushima are
not a cause for worry.
Cc quan chc Nht Bn a ra

ngh tng thm kim tra cht
phng x, nhng h cn ni thm
nhng im nng pha ngoi
Fukushima khng phi l vn
ng lo.
They say no one spends enough time

at the sites to get enough radiation to
cause harm. They also say the small
dosimeters that some private citizens
use to measure radiation can give a
wrong reading.
H cho bit khng ai qu lu

tip xc vi nhiu cht phng x n
mc c th gy hi. H cn cho rng
nhng dng c o lng nh m mt
s c nhn s dng c th cho kt
qu sai.

Villarreal. Our programs are a way
for people to read, listen and learn
American English and much more.

Villarreal. Chng trnh ca chng
ti l cng c cho cc bn c, nghe
v hc ting Anh M v cn nhiu
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 39
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------hu ch khc.
You can download transcripts and
MP3s of our stories at
Cc bn c th ti bn dch, MP3 ca
cc tin tc ti a ch
voaspecialenglish.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 40
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business Students Compete to

Solve Global Problems
Sinh Vin Ngnh kinh Doanh

Tranh Ti Trong Cuc Thi Gii
Quyt Cc Vn Ton Cu

Education Report
y l bn tin Gio Dc ca chng

Hult International Business School

has campuses in Boston, San
Francisco, London, Dubai and
Shanghai.
Trng Kinh doanh Quc t Hult c

c s Boston, San Francisco, Lun
n, Dubai v Thng Hi.
The Hult Global Case Challenge is a

competition based on the idea that
solving world problems requires a
good business plan.
The Hult Global Case Challenge

(Hult GCC) l cuc thi da trn
tng gii quyt nhng vn th
gii i hi mt k hoch kinh doanh
tt.
Teams compete for prizes of one

million dollars to help an
organization with efforts to solve
problems like hunger, poverty and
disease.
Cc i thi u vi nhau dnh gii

thng tr gi 1 triu la nhm gip
cc t chc vi n lc gii quyt
nhng vn nh i ngho v bnh
tt.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 40
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Hult student, Ahmad Ashkar,

created the challenge for teams from
business schools around the world.
Ahmad Ashkar, mt sinh vin trng

Hult, t ra nhng thch thc cho
cc i n t cc trng kinh doanh
trn th gii.
This year's challenge deals with

poverty. Teams will compete to
develop business plans for three
nongovernmental organizations.
Ch nm nay l chng i ngo.

Cc i s thi u pht trin d n
cho 3 t chc phi chnh ph.
SolarAid works on energy projects in

east and southern Africa. Habitat for
Humanity builds low-cost housing.
And One Laptop Per Child builds
computers for governments in
developing countries to supply to
poor communities.
K hoch SolarAid (s dng ngun

nng lng mt tri) nghin cu v
nhng d n nng lng ng v
Nam Phi. Habitat for Humanity(Nh
Nhn o) th xy dng nh gi
thp. V One Laptop Per Child (Mt
my tnh xch tay cho mi tr em)
vi mc ch thit k v bn loi my
tnh r nht cc chnh ph c iu
kin trang b cho cng ng c dn
ngho nht.
That group is taking part in the

competition for the second time.
David Batley from SolarAid says his
group works with local entrepreneurs
to bring power from the sun to rural
communities.
Nhm ny ang tham gia cuc thi ln

th 2. David Batley thnh vin nhm
SolarAid cho bit nhm ca anh lm
vic vi cc doanh nhn a phng
mang nhng sn phm nng
lng mt tri n vi cng ng c
dn nng thn.
"I think the winning team will be one

that uses a combination of really
innovative thinking and taking
account of the practicalities of
operating in Africa and the
challenges that that represents."
Ti ngh i chin thng s l i

bit kt hp gia sng kin thc s
v thc v tnh thc tin khi p
dng Chu Phi cng vi thch thc
m h trnh by.
Sandy Parakilas took part in the first
Sandy Parakilas tham gia trong
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 40
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------competition in two thousand nine.

The challenge that year was to help
an organization reach one hundred
million people in five years.
cuc thi u tin vo nm 2009.

Nhim v nm ny l gip cc t
chc t n con s 100 triu ngi
trong 5 nm.
One of the three top prizes went to

his team from Carnegie Mellon
University for their business plan for
One Laptop Per Child.
i ca anh n t i hc Carnegie
Mellon dnh c mt trong 3 gii
ln nht vi k hoch kinh doanh
Mt my tnh cho mi tr em
"They were struggling with

competition from Microsoft and
Intel. And they were having trouble
basically making money.
H vt qua i Microsoft v
Intel cuc thi ny. V h gp phi
vn c bn l kinh ph.
So it was a great opportunity for

some business students to come in
and create some ideas for a not-forprofit to be more profitable,
essentially."
V th v c bn, c hi tuyt vi cho

mt s sinh vin chuyn ngnh kinh
doanh khi n vi chng trnh v
sng to tng l bin n t ch
phi li nhun thnh c li nhun hn.
Howard McNally is chief executive

officer of the Hult Global Challenge.
He says, "It's the equivalent of about
twenty thousand hours of consulting
advice from the world's smartest,
youngest people."
Howard McNally l gim c iu

hnh ca cuc thi the Hult Global
Challenge. ng cho bit, N tng
ng vi khong 20 nghn gi t
vn kin t nhng ngi tr nht,
thng minh nht th gii.
Mr. McNally says the students learn

about world problems and the
opportunities that might be available
for them in the market.
Mr. McNally cho bit qua cuc thi

sinh vin s c c hi tm hiu thm
v nhng vn chung ca th gii
v nhng c hi cho h trn th
trng.
"And it's also a tremendous

opportunity for the NGOs that we're
working with to get the kind of
advice that they're going to get about
their vision and their goals."
V cc t chc phi chnh ph lm

vic vi chng ti cng c nhng c
hi ln nhn c nhng li
khuyn gip h tin gn vi mc tiu
v vin cnh m h mong i hn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 40
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The five Hult campuses will hold

regional competitions in February.
Finalists will be chosen in New York
in April.
5 c s ca trng Hult s t chc

cuc thi vng vo thng 2. Nhng i
c lt vo vng chung kt s tham
gia cuc thi chung kt vo thng 4 ti
ti New York.

Villarreal.

Villareal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 41
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Refugees Bring Flavor of Home to

Community Farms
Ngi T Nn Mang c Trng

Qu Hng n Vi Cc Nng
Tri Tp Th

Agriculture Report
y l bn tin Nng Nghip ca

i VOA.
Generations of newcomers have

brought their tastes and sometimes
their farming skills to American soil.
Nhng th h nhng ngi mi

nhp c mang n vng t M
nhng c trng v i khi cn l c
nhng k nng canh tc mi.
These include refugees who have

gotten help from government
agencies and private groups to grow
crops on community farms.
H l nhng ngi dn t nn
c cc t chc chnh ph v cc
nhm t nhn gip canh tc
trn cc nng tri tp th.
These farms and gardens can be

found across the country. Bantu
refugees from Somalia helped start
the New Roots Community Farm in
San Diego, California.
C th bt gp nhng nng tri v

khu vn ny bt c u trn nc
M. Dn t nn da en n t
Somalia thnh lp nng tri tp
th New Roots San Diego,
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 41
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------California.
Many of them did not have much
money or much fresh produce in
their lives. Some, especially young
people, were eating unhealthy fast
food.
Hu ht trong cuc sng thng

ngy, h khng c nhiu tin v cng
khng c nhng n ti ngon. Mt
s ngi, c bit l thanh nin, n
nhng n nhanh khng tt cho
sc khe.
The refugees wanted to grow their

own food. Cambodians and other
groups in San Diego were in a
similar situation. A community farm
seemed like a good answer.
Nhng ngi dn t nn ny mun t

trng nng phm cho mnh. Nhm
dn Campuchia v nhng nhm
ngi khc San Diego cng c hon
cnh tng t. V nng tri tp th
c v l gii php tt cho tnh trng
ny.
The refugees got help from the group

that had resettled many of them, the
International Rescue Committee. But
getting a permit to use some open
land owned by the city took about
two years.
Nhng ngi t nn nhn c rt

nhiu gip t mt t chc m
ti nh c rt nhiu nhng ngi t
nn, l y Ban Cu Tr Quc t.
Nhng c php s dng t
trng thuc s hu ca thnh ph
phi mt khong 2 nm.
The New Roots Community Farm

opened in two thousand nine. The
farm is almost one hectare. People
can learn how to grow foods from
back home as well as traditional
American crops.
Nng tri tp th The New Roots

c thnh lp nm 2009. Nng tri
ny rng khong 1 Hc ta. Mi ngi
c th hc cch trng cy lng thc
t gia nh v t c nhng v ma
truyn thng ca M.
The growers sell some of their

produce at a marketplace and to
restaurants. One result of the
community farm is that people are
learning about foods from other
people's homelands.
Ngi trng s bn mt s sn phm

ca h ra th trng v n cc nh
hng. Mt trong nhng thun li ca
nng tri tp th l mi ngi c th
hc hi thm v cc loi nng phm
t nhng vng qu khc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 41
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First lady Michelle Obama -- who

has her own vegetable garden at the
White House -- visited the farm in
San Diego last year.
nht phu nhn Michelle Obamangi c mt khu vn ring Nh

Trng thm nng tri San Diego
vo nm ngoi.
A group called the Somali Bantu

Zigua Community has operated a
farm for several years near Boise,
Idaho.
Mt nhm c tn l Cng ng Dn
tc Bantu Zigua Somalia thnh
lp nng tri gn Boise, Idaho c
nhiu nm nay.
Dadiri Nuro is the group's president.

He says: "We are farming people.
We like to farm." Mr. Nuru came to
the United States in two thousand
four.
ng Dadiri Nuro l ch tch ca

nhm. ng chia s: Chng ti l
nhng ngi lm nng. Chng ti
thch trng trt. ng Nuru n M
t nm 2004.
He and his family had been living in

a refugee camp in Kenya. He says
more than fifteen crops are grown
without pesticides at the farm,
including potatoes, tomatoes, kale,
lettuce, cabbage, onion and shallots.
Trc y, ng v gia nh sng

trong tri t nn Kenya. ng cho
bit hn 15 v ma c trng m
khng h c thuc tr su trong nng
tri, nh khoai ty, c chua, ci, sp
l, ci bp, hnh v rau h.
The farm also grows two kinds of

corn. Mr. Nuru explains that "we
have African corn, and we have
American corn.
Trang tri ca ng cng trng 2 loi

bp. ng Nuru gii thch rng
Chng ti c bp Chu Phi, v,
chng ti c bp chu M.
Americans, they like soft corn, and

the Bantu, we like hard corn."The
community group sells some of its
produce at a farmers market and has
now bought storage freezers.
Ngi M, h thch bp mm, v

nhm dn tc da en thch loi bp
cng. Nhng nhm tp th ny bn
sn phm ca h ra th trng nng
nghip v mua my ng lnh bo
qun.
The group has also donated food to

other communities. The Idaho state
Office for Refugees has advice on its
website about starting a community
Nhm ny cn chia s lng thc ca

mnh cho cc cng ng khc. Vn
phng cho ngi t nn bang Idaho
a ra li khuyn trn trang web ca
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 41
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------garden.
mnh v vic m mt khu vn tp

th.
You can find a link at

voaspecialenglish.com. For VOA
Special English, I'm Alex Villarreal.
Cc bn c th tm ng dn trang
web voaspecialenglish.com. Trn y
l chng trnh ting Anh c bit
ca VOA, ti l Alex Villareal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 42
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Soccer Ball That Gives You

Energy Really
Qu Bng Cho Bn Nng LngThc S

Technology Report
y l bn tin Cng Ngh ca chng

Have you ever heard the expression "a

ball of energy"? People often use the
term to describe very active children.
Bn tng nghe thy cm t Qu

bng nng lng cha? Ngi ta
thng dng cm ny ni v nhng
a tr rt nng ng.
But today we tell about an invention

called the sOccket, that is a real ball of
energy.
Nhng hm nay chng ta s ni v mt

pht minh c tn gi l sOccket, y l
mt qu bng tht cha nng lng.
A woman who developed the sOccket

calls it, a cutting-edge, portable
generator in the form of a soccer ball.
Ngi ph n pht minh ra sOccket

gi n l, s tn tin nht, l my pht
in di ng vi hnh dng ca mt qu
bng .
Julia Silverman developed the sOccket

with Jessica Matthews as part of a
group project for an engineering class
at Harvard University.
tng ny l mt phn trong d n

theo nhm ca Julia Silverman v
Jessica Matthews lp k s ca trng
i hc Harvard.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 42
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To better understand what a sOccket is,

you first need to understand how it
works. When you play with a ball, a lot
of energy is transferred, or moves, to
the ball.
hiu r hn th no l sOccket, u
tin bn cn phi hiu c ch lm vic
ca n. Khi bn chi bng, rt nhiu
nng lng c truyn i, hay chuyn
n qu bng.
Julia Silverman says the sOccket

captures this energy before it is lost or
breaks up into the environment.
Julia Silverman cho bit qu bng

sOccket s thu c nng lng trc
khi n mt i hoc tan vo mi trng.
Her invention attempts to capture the

energy, and then store it for future use.
The sOccket collects and stores this
energy with every kick, hit or throw of
the ball.
Pht minh ca c y nhm thu gi nng

lng s dng trong tng lai. Qu
bng ny s tch t v ct gi nng lng
vi mi c , nh hay nm bng
Julia Silverman says users can connect

small electrical devices, like a light,
directly into the ball.
Julia Silverman cho bit ngi dng c

th kt ni nhng thit b in. v d
bng n, trc tip vi qu bng .
For every fifteen minutes of game play, C chi khong 15 pht, qu bng li c
th cung cp in cho mt n LED
the sOccket can provide enough
chy trong vng 3 gi ng h
electricity to power an LED lamp for
up to three hours.
The ball can store up to twenty-four
hours' worth of power. The
International Energy Association
reported last year that nearly one and a
half billion people did not have access
to electricity.
Qu bng ny c cha mt lng in

tng ng vi 24 gi nng lng. C
Quan Nng Lng Quc T nm ngoi
bo co rng gn 1,5 t ngi khng
c tip cn vi ngun in.
Most of them live in India, other Asian

nations and in Africa, south of the
Sahara. Julia Silverman and Jessica
Matthews both had experience in
developing countries before they began
the project.
H hu ht l nhng ngi sng n

, cc nc chu , chu Phi v Bc
Sahara. Julia Silverman v Jessica
Matthews c hai u c kinh nghim vi
cc nc ang pht trin trc khi h
bt u d n ny.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 42
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
They knew that power shortages are a

serious problem in many areas. Julia
Silverman says there is an energy crisis
in the world.
H thc c rng thiu nng lng l

vn nghim trng nhiu khu vc.
Julia Silverman cho bit tnh trng
khng hong nng lng ang din ra
trn th gii.
She notes that one in every five people

does not have any electricity.
C lu , c 5 ngi th c mt ngi
hon ton khng c tip cn n
ngun in.
And, there are health issues because

those with no electricity may use
devices like kerosene lamps, which can
produce a lot of smoke.
V tnh trng ny cn ny sinh ra cc vn

v sc khe, bi v nhng ngi
khng c in dng, h thng dng
nhng dng c khc nh n du, loi
n thi ra rt nhiu khi.
Ms. Silverman says the sOccket is one

small solution to a big problem. Jessica
Matthews and Julia Silverman have
started a nonprofit organization called
Uncharted Play.
Ms. Silverman cho bit qu bng ny l

mt gii php nh cho mt vn ln.
Jessica Matthews v Julia Silverman
thnh lp mt t chc phi li nhun c
tn gi Tr chi Cha khm ph.
They hope their sOccket ball will shine H hy vng qu bng nng lng ca h
more light on the problem of power
s mang li nhiu tia sng cho vn
shortages.
thiu nng lng.
It offers people a chance to put their
energy into the world's most popular
sport and get some energy in return.
N mang li cho con ngi c hi gi

nng lng vo mn th thao ph bin
nht th gii v cng ly lai mt phn
nng lng mt i.
And that's the VOA Special English

Technology Report. For VOA Special
English, I'm Carolyn Presutti.
Trn y l bn tin Cng ngh ca

chng trnh ting Anh c bit ca i
VOA. Ti l Caralyn Presutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 43
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
India on Way to Topping US in

Internet Users
n Trn Vt M v S Ngi
S Dng Internet

Technology Report

India could pass the United States in

the number of Internet users in less
than two years. A new report says India
reached one hundred twelve million
users in September.
n c th s vt qua M v s
ngi s dng internet trong vng gn 2
nm na. Mt bo co ch ra n
t n 112 triu ngi dng vo
thng 9 va qua.
India is the third largest Internet market

after China and the United States.
China reported four hundred eightyfive million Internet users in June, and
there are two hundred forty-five
million in the United States.
n l th trng Internet ln th 3
trn th gii, sau Trung Quc v M.
Bo co cho bit, vo thng 6, Trung
Quc c 485 triu ngi dng v c 245
triu M.
The Internet and Mobile Association of Hip hi Di ng v Internet n cho

India says Internet growth was
bit Internet c bit pht trin mnh
especially strong among people in
nhng th trn v thnh ph nh.
smaller towns and cities.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 43
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There was also a large increase in

Internet use among school-aged
children and college students. This is
partly because of the growing number
of e-learning services and educational
websites.
Ngoi ra cn c s gia tng ln v s

lng s dng Internet tr em tui
n trng v cc em sinh vin. Hin
tng ny mt phn l do s pht trin
s lng cc dch v hc in t v cc
trang gio dc trc tuyn.
Subho Roy is president of the Internet

and Mobile Association of India. He
says another big change this year is that
more and more people are using the
Internet from home, and not just at
cyber cafes or offices.
Subho Roy l ch tch hip hi Di ng

v Internet n . ng cho bit, mt
thay i ln trong nm nay l ngy
cng c nhiu ngi s dng Internet
nh hn, khng ch cc qun c ph
Internet hay vn phng nh trc y.
"People are probably buying their own

broadband connections and accessing it
from their own devices rather than
going to common service points."
Ngi dng thng t mua gi cc kt

ni bng rng v truy cp trc tip t cc
thit b ca h hn l n nhng im
dch v cng cng.
This growth in Internet use has also

led, not surprisingly, to an increase in
online businesses.
Khng c g ng ngc nhin khi s

pht trin v s ngi dng Internet ny
ko theo s pht trin ca cc doanh
nghip trc tuyn.
Deepinder Goyal owns Zomato.com.

His website provides information about
restaurants and nightlife activities
across India. Mr. Goyal got the idea for
Zomato while working at a consulting
firm three years ago.
Deepinder Goyal l ch trang web

Zomato.com, trang web ca ng cung
cp cc thng tin v nh hng v cc
hot ng m trn khp n . ng
Goyal ly tng v trang web ny khi
cn lm vic cho mt cng ty t vn
cch y 3 nm.
He and his coworkers kept restaurant

menus in their office so they could
order lunch from different places.
ng v ng nghip ca ng gi thc
n ca cc nh hng trn trang web v
th khch hng c th t ba t nhng
ni khc nhau.
"We scanned these menu cards and put

them online. So starting an Internet
Chng ti qut hnh nhng danh mc

mn n v cho ln web. Thc s, m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 43
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------venture was actually an experiment and

it worked out really well, and currently
we are getting around two million
people just looking up menu cards on
our website every month."
mt cng ty trc tuyn ch l mt th

nghim ca ti, nhng n cho kt qu
rt tt, v hin ti, mi thng chng ti
thu ht c khong 2 triu ngi vo
xem thc n trn trang web ca chng
ti.
Zomato now provides information on

more than seventeen thousand
restaurants across India. It covers areas
from the Dehli national capital region
to Mumbai, Bangalore and Chennai.
Hin ti Zomato cung cp thng tin v

hn 17 ngn nh hng trn khp t nc
n . Bao gm cc vng t th
Dehli n Mumbai, Bangalore v
Chennai.
Deepinder Goyal says Zomato used to

depend mostly on business people
going online at work, often to order
lunch. But now, with the rise in home
use, "weekends are also very heavy
traffic for us."
Deepinder Goyal cho bit trc y

Zomato thng ph thuc ch yu vo
cc doanh nghip m nhn vin lm vic
trn mng, thng l t cm tra.
Nhng nay, vi s gia tng v s dng
Internet nh, th cui tun cng l
nhng ngy bn rn vi chng ti.
In a separate report, GSMA, the global

trade group for the mobile industry,
says Africa is the world's fastest
growing mobile phone market. Africa
has the second largest number of
mobile phone connections after Asia.
Trong mt bo co khc, i Hi Di
ng Th Gii , hip hi thng mi
ngnh di ng ton cu, cho bit chu
Phi l th trng ang pht trin in
thoi di ng nhanh nht. Chu Phi c
s kt ni di ng ln th hai, sau chu
.

Villarreal.
Trn y l chng trnh ting Anh c

bit ca VOA, ti l Alex Villarreal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 44
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Room Where Nurses Learn How

Not to Get Hurt
Phng Cho Cc Y T Hc Cch Trnh

Thng Tn.

Technology Report

Nurses spend their lives helping other

people recover from injuries and
illnesses.
Cc y t dnh c cuc i ca h gip

ngi dn thot khi bnh tt, n
au.
Yet nurses suffer a surprising number

of injuries and illnesses themselves
because of their work. In fact, the
United States Department of Labor
says nursing is the second leading
profession for on-the-job injuries.
Tuy nhin chnh cc y t li phi chu

ng cc loi bnh v chn thng vi
mt con s ng ngc nhin do cng vic
gy ra. Thc t, B Lao ng Hoa K
cho bit y t l cng vic ng th 2 v
s lng tai nn ngh nghip.
It ranks higher than construction work Con s ny cn cao hn so vi cng

and law enforcement. Only freight and vic xy dng v thi hnh lut. N ch
stock movers report higher injury rates. ng sau ngh bc vc hng ha.
Nurses and other health care workers
do a lot of heavy lifting on the job.
Y t v cc nhn vin chm sc sc

khe ni chung phi lm nhiu cng vic
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lifting and moving patients improperly

leads to sprains, strains and muscle
tears -- leading causes of injuries to
nurses.
di chuyn nng. Nng v di chuyn

bnh nhn khng ng cch c th dn
n bong gn, cng v trt khp, nguyn
nhn chnh dn n vic b chn thng
ca y t.
Gretchen Gregory is an instructor at the Gretchen Gregory l tr gio ti trng

Sinclair School of Nursing on the
iu dng Sinclair, tr s ti Columbia
Columbia campus of the University of ca i hc Missouri.
Missouri.
She says back problems are the greatest B cho bit vn v lng l mi e
threat that nurses face when they lift or da ln nht m cc y t gp phi khi h
move patients.
nng hoc di chuyn bnh nhn.
"You're talking about people that have
handicaps or limited mobility, that need
much assistance. And we have
untrained people to do that assisting
and that puts them at risk for hurting
their backs."
Chng ta ang bn v nhng ngi gp

kh khn hoc b hn ch trong vic i
li, nhng ngi cn rt nhiu s gip
. V chng ta li c nhng ngi
khng c o to bi bn lm
nhng cng vic tr gip v chnh
iu ny lm cho nhng ngi tr
gip ny c nguy c b au lng.
Ms. Gregory leads a new training room

where nurses can learn to keep
themselves and their patients safe. She
says most nurses lack training in how
to lift patients.
B Gregory dn u mt phng hun

luyn ni cc y t s hc cch bo v
sc khe cho bnh nhn v cho chnh
bn thn h.
"That's not something that we teach in khng phi th m chng ti dy

school, but that's when falls happen and trng, nhng l l do m y t gp
that's when nurses get hurt."
phi nhng thng tn v suy gim sc
khe
The safe practices room has special
training equipment, including a lifesize mannequin doll. This "patient" can
be filled with water and made to weigh
as much as one hundred fifty-nine
Phng thc hnh v an ton c nhng

trang thit b o to c bit, v d nh
hnh nm to nh ngi tht. Bnh nhn
ny c th c y nc v c
thit k nng n 159kg.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------kilograms.
B Gregory cho bit, hu ht cc bnh
Ms. Gregory says most American
hospitals have lifting equipment to help vin M u c trang thit b nng
chuyn gip y t di chuyn bnh
nurses move patients.
nhn
But she says the equipment is often
pushed back in a corner somewhere -unused and forgotten. She says the safe
practices room teaches the importance
of using the tools and skills available.
Nhng b cho bit thm cc trang thit

b thng khng c s dng v b b
qun mt gc no . B ni rng
phng thc hnh v an ton s gii thch
tm quan trng ca vic s dng nhng
cng c v k nng c sn.
The training room also seeks to

improve communication skills and
other practices in a setting designed to
copy a busy hospital or clinic.
Phng hng dn cn c mc tiu nng

cao k nng giao tip v nhng thc
hnh khc trong nhng bi cnh c
thit k nh bn sao ca mt bnh vin
hay phng khm bn rn.
As Gretchen Gregory puts it: "If we

provide an environment where
everything's nice and quiet and they
can give their medications or they can
communicate to a physician when
there's nothing going on, that's not
really a real-life setting. They have to
be able to do it with some distraction."
Nh Gretchen Gregory ni: Nu

chng ta to ra mt mi trng m mi
th u tt p v yn tnh, h c th
lm vic hay c th trao i vi bc s
m khng c g xy ra xung quanh, th
khng thc s l mt mi trng tht.
H cn phi c kh nng lm vic k c
khi c nhng iu d gy ri lon xung
quanh.
An unidentified donor gave three

hundred thousand dollars to build the
new room. The University of Missouri
describes it as one of the first of its
kind at a nursing school in the United
States.
Mt nh ti tr du tn quyn gp
300.000 la xy phng hun luyn
mi. i hc Missouri miu t vic
ny nh l mt trong nhng hot ng
u tin trong vic xy dng phng thc
hnh mi cc trng iu dng
M.
Cc bn c th tm kim nh ca
chng trnh ny ti trang web
voaspecialenglish.com. Trn y l
You can find pictures of it at

voaspecialenglish.com. For VOA
Special English, I'm Carolyn Presutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------chng trnh ting Anh c bit ca i

VOA, ti l Carolyn Presutti
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 45
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Olympus' Troubles: What Would

Peter Drucker Have Said?
Kh khn ca tp on Olympus:
Peter Drucker ni g?

Economics Report

In December, the Japanese electronics

company Olympus made a public
apology.
Vo thng 12 va qua cng ty in t

Nht Bn Olympus c li xin li n
cng chng.
It said company officials hid over one

billion dollars in losses going back to
the nineteen nineties. Olympus said it
was investigating and considering legal
action against some of its current and
former officials.
Qua c bit rng cc cn b ca

cng ty phi i mt vi khon tht thu
khong hn 1 t la, tr li thi k
nhng nm 1990. Cng ty ny cho bit
h ang nghin cu v cn nhc mt vi
hnh ng php l i vi mt s cn b
hin thi v cn b c.
The company's stock lost half its value

between October and December. The
problems at Olympus seemed to come
from thinking more about declaring
profits in the short-term instead of
building real value.
C phiu ca cng ty mt i na gi tr
trong khong thng 10 v 12. Tnh trng
ny ca Olympus dng nh xut pht
t vic ch trng vo li nhun ngn hn
thay v gy dng gi tr thc cho cng
ty.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 45
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This was one of the issues considered

by management expert Peter Drucker
over his long career. Peter Drucker
died in two thousand five. But many of
his ideas remain very meaningful
today.
y l mt trong nhng vn c
chuyn gia qun l Peter Drucker tnh
n trong sut qu trnh di lm vic ca
ng. Peter Drucker qua i vo nm
2005. Nhng nhiu tng ca ng vn
cn rt gi tr cho n ngy nay.
Drucker liked to share his knowledge

not by answering questions but by
asking them. He once said business
people must not ask "what do we want
to sell?" but "what do people want to
buy?"
Drucker thng chia s kin thc ca

mnh khng phi bng cch tr li cu
hi m bng vic t cu hi. ng
tng ni nhng ngi lm doanh nghip
khng c hi chng ta mun bn g
m phi hi ngi tiu dng mun mua
g?
He taught at the Claremont Graduate

School of Management in California
for over thirty years. He advised
companies on business methods. And
he wrote thirty-nine books on business
and economic ideas.
ng tng dy trng Qun L sau i

hc Claremont trong hn 30 nm. ng
a ra nhng li khuyn v phng
php qun l cho cc doanh nghip. V
ng cng vit 39 quyn sch v cc
tng kinh doanh v kinh t.
Peter Drucker was born in Austria in

nineteen nine. In the late nineteen
twenties, he worked as a reporter in
Frankfurt, Germany.
Peter Drucker sinh ra ti o vo nm

1909. Vo cui nhng nm 1920, ng
lm phng vin Frankfurt, nc c.
He also studied international law. He

fled Germany as Adolf Hitler came to
power in nineteen thirty-three. Drucker
spent four years in Britain as an adviser
to investment banks.
ng cng hc lut quc t. ng ri

nc c khi Adolf Hitler ln cm
quyn vo 1933. Drucker lm mt nh t
vn u t ngn hng Anh 4 nm
He then came to the United States.In

the nineteen forties, Drucker argued
that the desire for profit was central to
business efforts.
Sau ng n M. Vo nhng nm
1940, Drucker tranh lun rng li nhun
chnh l ng lc chnh cc doanh
nghip n lc hn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 45
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
He also warned that rising wages were

harming American business. He was
later invited to study General Motors.
He wrote about his experiences in the
book "The Concept of the
Corporation."
ng cn cnh bo rng tng lng c

th s gy hi cho cc doanh nghip. Sau
ng c mi tham gia vo nghin
cu cho tp on xe hi General Motors.
ng c kt kinh nghim ca mnh
trong cun sch Khi nim tp on
In it, he said that workers at all levels

should take part in decision-making,
not just top managers. Later in his
career, he warned that businesses that
seek only profit growth help their
competitors.
Trong ng cho bit tt c nhn vin

cc cp u nn tham gia vo qu trnh
a ra quyt nh, khng ch ring nhng
lnh o cp cao. Vo giai on sau
trong s nghip ca ng, ng cnh
bo cc doanh nghip rng nu ch theo
ui tm kim pht trin li nhun th c
th li chnh l m li cho cc i
th cnh tranh.
Peter Drucker received the Presidential

Medal of Freedom from President
George W. Bush in two thousand two.
Peter Drucker nhn c huy chng

t do tng thng t tng thng George
W. Bush vo nm 2002.
He lived a long life; he died at the age

of ninety-five. Drucker was a voice for
change and new ways of thinking about
social and business relations.
ng sng rt th v qua i tui

95. Drucker l mt ngi c ting trong
cng cuc thay i v cch ngh tn tin
v mi quan h doanh nghip v x hi.
He used terms like "knowledge

workers" and "management goals."
Many of his ideas have become highly
valued in business training and politics.
ng thng s dng nhng thut ng

nh Cng nhn tri thc v Mc tiu
qun l. Nhiu tng ca ng c gi
tr cao trong o to kinh doanh v
chnh tr.
For VOA Special English, I'm Carolyn

Presutti.

bit ca i VOA, ti l Carolyn Presutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 46
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'Property Ladder' Helps Poor Gain

Land Rights
Chic thang S Hu gip ngi ngho

dnh quyn s dng t.

Agriculture Report
y l bn tin Nng Nghip ca chng

Less than a third of people in

developing countries own or have any
official right to the land they live on.
nhng nc ang pht trin, ch 1/3

trong s nhng ngi ang c t sinh
sng c quyn s hu chnh thc i vi
mnh t .
Development experts say gaining land

rights is important for reducing poverty
and increasing economic growth and
food production.
Cc chuyn gia pht trin cho bit dnh

quyn s dng t l mt trong nhng
yu t quan trng gim i ngho v
pht trin kinh t v tng lng thc.
Poor people can then use the land as

security to get bank loans. Land
records can also show foreign investors
that the land and the rights of those on
it are legally secure.
T , ngi ngho c th s dng t

th chp ngn hng. S cn c th
chng minh vi nhng nh u t nc
ngoi rng mnh t v nhng ti sn
trn u c m bo v php l.
Foreign demand has increased in recent Chu Phi, v Nam M nhu cu ca

cc nh u t nc ngoi v t nng
years for agricultural land in Africa,
nghip tng trong nhng nm gn
Asia and South America.
y.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 46
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UN-Habitat official Clarissa

Augustinus in Nairobi, Kenya, says:
"When an investor goes to the
government and says 'I want a piece of
land,' the government looks on their
maps which show that that particular
piece of land is empty, and they give it
to an investor.
T chc nh c lin hp quc tr s ti

Clarissa Augustinus Nairobi, Kenya
cho bit: Khi nh u t i n c quan
chnh quyn v ni rng Ti mun mua
mt mnh t, chnh quyn lc mi
tm trn bn xem mnh t no cn
trng ri a cho nh u t.
But when the investor goes there and

looks at the land, he sees that it is fully
occupied by a tribe or a family or
whatever. Forcing the people off the
land can harm the investor's image.
Nhng khi nh u t n th thy

mnh t c ngi . Nhng nu
ui h ra khi mnh t th li c
th nh hng n hnh nh ca nh u
t.
Ms. Augustinus says ownership

documents like deeds and titles are rare
because establishing property lines and
recording land is expensive.
B Augustinus cho bit nhng h s v

s hu t nh vn bn v yu sch rt
him v th tc thit lp ti sn v
chng nhn s hu t kh tn km.
UN-Habitat says the answer for some

countries is to create a series of steps in
gaining land rights -- a so-called
property ladder.
T chc nh c lin hp quc cho bit

gii php cho vn ny l to ra mt
lot cc bc trong vic dnh li quyn
s dng t hay cn gi l thang ti sn.
First, people could receive a simple

document or starter title to the land
they are on. They would be safe from
the threat of being forced off the land
by the state or wealthy buyers. Higher
steps would provide greater rights.
Trc ht ngi dn c th nhn c

mt giy chng nhn hay bin hiu g
y chng nhn v mnh t m h
ang sinh sng. Nh th h s khng lo
s b nh nc hay nhng ngi mua
giu c ui i khi mnh t. V bc
tip theo c th s chng nhn nhng
quyn li khc.
Finally, a majority of a community

could decide to allow individual
ownership of the land.
Cui cng phn ln ngi dn s c th

quyt nh cho php s hu c nhn vi
t .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 46
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Namibia, Uganda, Tanzania and

Zambia are among the countries
adopting property ladders.
Namibia, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia

nm trong nhng nc p dng
phng php ny.
Ms. Augustinus says Ethiopia has

already provided twenty million land
certificates on the lower end of the
property ladder for about one dollar
each.
B Augustinus cho bit Ethiopia cp

20 triu giy chng nhn s hu t
bc u tin trong chic thang s hu
v chi ph khong 1 la cho mi giy
chng nhn.
In Southeast Asia, the United States

Agency for International Development
is working on a project to help TimorLeste develop property rights.
Nam , C quan Pht trin Quc t

Hoa K ang tin hnh d n gip
t nc ng Timor pht trin chin
lc quyn s hu.
The first step is an official certificate

recognizing a landholder's unopposed
claim. East Timor separated from
Indonesia in nineteen ninety-nine.
Bc u tin l cp giy chng nhn

chnh thc tha nhn quyn s hu
i vi ch t. ng Timo tch
ring vi Indonesia t nm 1999.
The Indonesian army had destroyed

land records and forced communities
from their land to break up resistance.
Qun i Indonesian hy ht s v
buc cc ch t gii tn ln sng phn
i.

Villarreal. You find live English
lessons Monday through Friday at the
VOA Learning English page on
Facebook.

bit ca VOA, ti l Alex Villareal. Cc
bn c th tm cc bi hc ting Anh trc
tip t th 2 n th 6 ti mc hc ting
Anh qua VOA trn facebook.
You can also read, listen and learn with Cc bn cng c th luyn c, nghe v
MP3s and texts of stories at
hc qua cc video MP3 v phn li ca
video trn trang web
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 47
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Debt, Protests Made

Economic News in 2011
N Cng, Biu tnh tr thnh

nhng ch Kinh t ca nm 2011

Economics Report
y l bn tin Kinh t ca chng trnh

ting Anh c bit ca i VOA.
Today we look back at some of the top

stories of twenty-eleven. In Europe, the
debt crisis that started in two thousand
ten in Greece and Ireland spread to
other countries.
Hm nay chng ta s nhn li nhng cu

chuyn ni bt ca nm 2011. Cuc
khng hong n cng Chu u bt
u t nm 2010 Hy Lp v cng ha
Ai- Len lan trn sang 2 t nc
khc.
Portugal needed a financial rescue, and

Italy needed a new prime minister.
Silvio Berlusconi lost his job over
Italy's debt problems.
B o Nha phi nh n cu tr ti
chnh, buc phi c mt th tng
mi do th tng Silvio Berlusconi t
chc m l do lin quan n cc vn
v n cng .
Former European Union official Mario

Monti replaced him in November.
Pressures on Europe's financial system
called into question the future of the
euro.
Cu vin chc ca hip hi chu u

Mario Monti th v ng vo thng 11.
Nhng vn nm trong h thng ti
chnh chu u dy ln mi quan ngi
v tng lai ca ng tin Euro.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 47
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
European finance officials called for

greater cooperation and new rules.
World Bank President Robert Zoellick
said Europe would have to find its own
answers to its debt problems.
Nhiu quan chc ti chnh chu u

ku gi thc y hp tc v sa i lut.
Ch tch ngn hng th gii WB ng
Robert Zoellick chia s: Chu u s
phi t tm ra cu tr li cho vn n
cng ca mnh.
"Europe has to rescue Europe, OK?

And it's very important. If there's any
message when I'm asked, "Well, what
can the U.S. do and what can China
do?"
Chu u phi t cu ly mnh, iu ny

rt quan trng. Liu c bt c thng
ip no khi ti c hi, nc M c
th lm c g v Trung Hoa c th lm
c g?
The best thing they can do is clean up

iu tt nht h c th lm l gii quyt
their act at home, be a source of growth nhng hu qu hnh ng ca chnh h
at home.
v hy khi u cho s pht trin
chnh quc gia ca h.
"Mr. Zoellick also said it was important ng Zoellick cn cho bit thm nhng
for other big economies to deal with
nn kinh t ln khc cng rt cn thit
their own budget imbalances.
phi gii quyt vn v mt cn bng
ngn sch ca t nc mnh.
"The downgrade of America from
triple A didn't affect the finances today,
but it may be one of those events
people look back on ten years from
now and say, 'Did they get the
warning?'"
S st gim tn nhim vi nc M
t AAA khng nh hng n cc nn
ti chnh hin ti, nhng n c th l mt
trong nhng s kin m ngi ta c th
nhn li sau 10 nm na v thc mc
rng "liu h c c cnh bo trc?.
In August, a credit rating agency cut

Vo thng 8, mt t chc xp hng tn
the United States' credit rating from the dng h mc tn dng M t hng cao
highest level, triple A, to double Anht AAA xung mc AA+.
plus.
Also in August, Steve Jobs stepped
down as chief at Apple because of his
failing health. He died of cancer in
October at the age of fifty-six.
Cng vo thng 8, Steve Jobs rt chn

khi chc ch tch tp on ti Apple v
tnh trng sc khe suy yu. ng qua
i do cn bnh ung th tui 57.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 47
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
He brought the world the iPod, iPhone

and iPad, and helped make Apple into
one of the world's most valuable
companies.
ng mang li cho con ngi nhng

sn phm cng ngh tn tin nh the
iPod, iPhone v iPad, v gy dng
Apple tr thnh mt trong trong nhng
cng ty c gi tr nht th gii.
Twenty-eleven will be remembered as

a year of protests. Revolutions for
political freedom swept North Africa
and the Middle East in the Arab Spring.
But protests over budget cuts and jobs
were heard around the world.
Nm 2011 s c nh ti nh mt
nm ca nhng cuc biu tnh. Cc cuc
cch mng t do chnh tr lan trn
khp Bc Phi v Trung ng trong ln
sng cch mng Ma Xun Rp. Tuy
nhin cc cuc biu tnh lin quan n
ct gim ngn sch v vic lm th u
xut hin trn khp th gii.
In the United States, activists in

hundreds of cities protested economic
inequality and joblessness.
M, cc nh hot ng trn hng trm

thnh ph phn i chng li s bt
bnh ng kinh t v tnh trng tht
nghip.
Protesters were angry that banks got

rescued with taxpayers' money during
the financial crisis nearly four years
ago.
Nhng ngi biu tnh ut c v cc

ngn hng nhn cu tr t tin thu ca
ngi dn trong sut cuc khng hong
ti chnh cch y gn 4 nm
But many Americans continue to face

hardship. Anger over government
budget cuts led to protests in Greece,
Britain and elsewhere.
Nhng nhiu ngi M tip tc vn phi

i mt vi nhiu kh khn. S phn n
i vi vic ct gim ngn sch nh
nc dn ti cc cuc biu tnh Hy
Lp, Anh v cc t nc khc trn th
gii.
And in southeastern China, villagers in

Wukan rebelled against local officials
they accused of illegally taking land.
V min ng nam Trung Quc,

ngi dn lng Wukan ni dy
chng li cc quan chc a phng v
chim hu t tri php lut.

Villarreal. If your New Year's

bit ca i VOA, ti l Alex Villarreal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 47
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------resolution is to learn English, we can

help.
Nu quyt tm ca cc bn vo nm mi
l hc ting Anh th chng ti c th
gip cc bn.
Find out more at

voaspecialenglish.com and on
Facebook, Twitter and iTunes at VOA
Learning English.
bit thm chi tit mi cc bn tham

kho chuyn mc VOA Learning
English ti trang web
facebook, Twitter v iTunes
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 48
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'Sexting' Study Finds Low Rate

Among Young
Nghin Cu V Tin Nhn Sex Cho

T L Thp Cc Bn Tr

Technology Report

A new study shows that "sexting" is

Mt nghin cu mi ch ra rng gi tin
not as common among young people as nhn sex khng n mc ph bin
earlier findings suggested.
trong gii tr nh nhng nghin cu
trc nu.
Researchers at the University of New
Hampshire interviewed more than one
thousand five hundred Internet users
between the ages of ten and seventeen.
Cc nh nghin cu i hc New
Hampshire phng vn hn 1500
ngi dng internet tui 10 n 17.
Just two and a half percent of them said Ch 2,5 % trong s ni rng h
they had either sent or received naked
tng nhn hoc gi tranh nh kha thn
pictures over their mobile phones or the qua in thoi di ng hoc internet.
Internet.
Earlier surveys had suggested that as
many as twenty percent of teens were
involved in such activities. But one
Kho st trc ni rng c n

20% thanh thiu nin tham gia vo
nhng hot ng ny. Nhng mt vn
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------problem is that some of those findings

included young adults -- eighteen- and
nineteen-year-olds.
y l cc nghin cu ny cn bao
gm c nhng thanh nin tr- la tui
18- 19.
Dan Rauzi is senior director for

technology programs for the Boys and
Girls Clubs of America.
Dan Rauzi, mt gim c c thm nin

v chng trnh k thut ca cu lc b
Boys and Girls M.
He says another problem is confusion

among teenagers about what exactly
"sexting" means. For example, he says
suggestive images like someone in a
bathing suit have sometimes been
reported as sexting.
ng cho cho bit, mt vn khc l

gii tr vn cn nhm ln khng hiu
nh th no c coi l sexting(nhn
tin sex). ng v d nhng hnh nh khu
gi nh hnh nh mt ngi ang mc
o tm c khi cng c coi l hnh nh
sex.
Marian Merritt l nh t vn an ninh
mng ca cng ty an ninh mng Norton.
B cho bit cc nh nghin cu ca i
hc New Hampshire cng tnh n
yu t ny.
Marian Merritt is the Internet safety

advocate for the computer security
company Norton. She says the New
Hampshire researchers considered this
confusion.
"They segmented the really most
egregious or dangerous kinds of images
people might be posting and sending
from texts that might be more
suggestive."
H nhn nh rng nhng hnh nh nguy

him v gy ch nht m d b truyn
i v cho ln mng l nhng bc nh
khu gi hn.
Ms. Merritt says very few of the

images in this latest study would have
been considered illegal.
B Merritt cho bit rt t nhng bc nh

trong nghin cu gn y nht c coi
l bt hp php.
"The kinds of images or videos that

might constitute child pornography is
very low. It's only one percent. So the
good news is it's a very rare
phenomenon and most young people
are not engaging in these kinds of
behaviors."
Hnh nh hoc video c th kch thch

hnh ng khiu dm ca tr l rt t.
Ch c khong 1% trong s . Cho nn
tin vui cho chng ta, y ch l nhng
trng hp hy hu v hu ht thanh thiu
nin khng tham gia vo nhng hot
ng ni trn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 48
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Everyone knows young people are

early adapters of technology. Dan
Rauzi say their experimentation often
raises concern with adults, but also has
another effect.
Ai cng bit gii tr l i tng thch

nghi vi cng ngh nhanh nht. Dan
Rauzi cho bit th nghim ca h thng
rt thu ht s quan tm ca nhng ngi
trng thnh, nhng bn cnh cng
c nhng nh hng tiu cc nht nh.
"We get a new technology in and teens,

they push that envelope and in some
ways as a society help us see all of the
possibilities with new technologies, as
well."
Chng ta du nhp mt cng ngh mi,

v thanh thiu nin, h s l nhng
ngi u tin bc tem v bng cch ny
hay cch khc nh mt tp th x hi h
gip chng ta hiu r mi ng dng ca
n
The journal Pediatrics published the

new study in December. In a second
study, the New Hampshire researchers
found that very few sexting cases
investigated by police led to arrests.
Tp san Thiu Nhi ng ti nghin

cu mi vo thng 12. nghin cu th
2, cc nh khoa hc ca i hc New
Hampshire nhn thy, trong s nhng
trng hp nhn tin sex m cnh st
iu tra th rt t v b bt gi.
Marian Merritt is glad about that.

"Over the last several years we've seen
law enforcement across the country
start to take a more modulated
approach
B Marian Merritt t ra rt vui mng v

kt qu . Trong nhng nm qua,
chng ta thy cc c quan thi hnh php
trn nc M bt u p dng nhiu
bin php linh hot hn.
and not going for full enforcement of,

you know, a mistake - a momentary
lapse in judgment from young people
who don't understand the power of the
images they may be sharing."
v cng s khng p dng hon ton cc

bin php php l vi nhng ti , v
nh cc bn bit y, l mt sai lm
nht thi ca tui tr khi khng hiu
c tc ng ca nhng bc nh h gi
cho nhau.

Villarreal.

bit ca i VOA, ti l Alex Villareal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 49
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obama Appoints Financial

Protection Chief
Tng Thng Obama B Nhim Gim

c Bo V Ti Chnh Ngi Tiu
Dng

Economics Report

In early January, President Obama

appointed Richard Cordray as director
of the Consumer Financial Protection
Bureau.
Vo u thng 1 va qua, tng thng

Obama b nhim ng Richard
Cordray lm Gim c Cc Bo V
Ti Chnh Ngi Tiu Dng.
This new government agency says it

has already made home loans and
credit card agreements easier for
Americans to understand. But the
Obama administration said the bureau
cannot supervise financial products like
home loans without a director.
C quan lin bang mi ny cho bit h

sa i ngh nh cc khon vay nh
v hp ng th tn dng nhm gip
ngh nh ny d hiu hn vi ngi dn
M. Nhng chnh quyn Obama cho
rng c quan ny s kh c th gim st
cc sn phm ti chnh nh cc khon
vay th chp nu khng c mt gim
c ch o.
The president used a measure known as Tng thng Obama dng bin php
a recess appointment to fill the
c tn gi l b nhim khi ngng hp
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 49
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------position. He nominated Mr. Cordray

last July. But the opposition
Republican Party blocked a vote in the
full Senate.
cho v tr ny. ng b nhim ng

Corday vo thng 7 va qua. Nhng cc
thng ngh s ng Cng ha ti
Thng vin khng ph chun.
Mr. Obama announced the appointment

during a visit to Ohio. It was his first
political campaign trip of the year. He
told the crowd that the severe economic
crisis three years ago did not happen
because of too many financial rules.
Tng thng tuyn b s b nhim ny

trong chuyn thm bang Ohio. l
chuyn thm u tin trong cuc vn
ng chnh tr nm nay. Ngi tuyn
b vi qun chng rng cuc khng
hong kinh t trm trng cch y 3
nm khng xy ra do c qu nhiu
lut l ti chnh.
Mr. Obama said: "Does anyone think

the reason why we got into such a
financial mess, the worst financial
crisis since the Great Depression, the
worst economic crisis in a generation,
that the reason was because of too
much oversight of the financial
industry?
Tng thng Obama nhn mnh thm:

c ai tng suy ngh xem ti sao nn
ti chnh ca chng ta li lm vo cnh
hn lon nh th ny, y l cuc khng
hong ti chnh trm trng nht k t
cuc i suy thoi, v cng l cuc
khng hong kinh t ti t nht thi
chng ta, liu c phi l v c qu
nhiu s soi xt trong nn cng nghip
ti chnh?
Of course not. We shouldn't be

weakening oversight, we shouldn't be
weakening accountability, we should
be strengthening it!
Tt nhin l khng. Chng ta khng nn

gim i s gim st, khng nn gim i
tinh thn trch nhim, m chng ta phi
y mnh n.
"Senate Minority Leader Mitch

McConnell criticized the president's
appointment. Many Republicans
oppose the new agency, saying its
goals are not clear.
Lnh o Khi Thiu S Thng Vin

ng Mitch McConnell ch trch hnh
ng b nhim ny ca tng thng.
Nhiu ng vin ng cng ha phn
i c quan mi ny, h cho rng mc
ch ca c quan ny l khng r rng.
They also want a group of people to

lead the agency instead of a single
director. The Consumer Financial
ng thi h mun n c lnh o bi

mt nhm ngi ch khng phi l mt
c nhn n l. Cc Bo V Ti Chnh
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 49
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ngi Tiu dng tin thn l Lut Bo

Protection Bureau resulted from the
v ngi tiu dng v ci cch Ph Wall
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and
Consumer Protection Act of twenty ten. Dodd-Frank t nm 2010.
Its goal is to make the market for
financial products safer. Educating
Americans about investment and loan
products, enforcing financial laws and
studying financial information all are
part of its duties.
Mc ch ca c quan ny l m
bo cho th trng ti chnh c an ton
hn. Gio dc ngi dn M v u t
v cc sn phm vay n, thc y lut ti
chnh v nghin cu v cc thng tin ti
chnh, tt c u thuc nhim v ca c
quan ny.
The agency's budget is expected to be

around five hundred million dollars.
Richard Cordray served as Ohio's
attorney general for two years.
Cc ny c k vng c khong 500

triu la ngn sch. ng Richard
Cordray trc gi chc B trng
T php tiu bang Ohio trong 2 nm.
He has earned praise for bringing legal

action against banks and financial
companies accused of harming
homeowners and borrowers.
ng dnh c s khen ngi ca

qun chng v c hnh ng php l
chng li cc ngn hng v c quan ti
chnh b co buc gy hi cho ch nh
v ngi i vay.
Mr. Cordray launched cases against

Bank of America and insurer AIG. His
recess appointment is effective only
until the end of the Senate's current
term.
ng Cordray khi t v kin chng

li ngn hng M v cng ty bo him
AIG. S b nhim ny s c hiu lc
n khi kt thc nhim k hin ti ca
thng vin.

Presutti. For more business news, go to
voaspecialenglish.com, where you can
download MP3s and texts of our
programs. Read, listen and learn
English and much more.

bit ca VOA, ti l Carolyn Presutti.
cp nht tin tc v doanh nghip, mi
cc bn truy cp trang web
voaspecialenglish.com, ti y cc bn
c th ti v phn nghe v phn li cc
chng trnh ca chng ti. Cc bn c
th c nghe, hc ting anh v nhiu
chuyn mc khc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 49
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click on The Classroom for learning

activities and interactive features. And
join us on Facebook, Twitter and
YouTube at VOA Learning English.
Bm vo mc Phng hc cc bn s c
nhng hot ng hc tp v trao i th
v. Cc bn cng c th kt ni vi
chng ti qua facebook, Twitter v
YouTube ti a ch VOA Learning
English.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 50
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Websites Cut Service to Protest US

Antipiracy Bills
Mt s Trang web Ngng Dch V

Phn i D Lut chng Vi Phm
Bn Quyn ca M.

Economics Report

ting Anh c bit ca i VOA
On January eighteenth, Wikipedia, the

online encyclopedia, blacked out its
English language website for twentyfour hours.
Vo 18 thng mt va qua, trang mng

bch khoa ton th Wikipedia tm
ngng hot ng trang ting Anh ca h
trong 24 gi.
The move was part of an organized

protest against a proposed United
States law to fight illegal copying of
intellectual property on the Internet.
Hnh ng ny l mt phn trong mt

chin dch c t chc nhm phn i d
lut ca M v vic phn i cc hnh
vi sao chp tri php s hu tr tu trn
mng.
Jay Walsh is head of communications

for the Wikimedia Foundation which
operates Wikipedia. He says the
legislation "is detrimental to the free
ng Jay Walsh l trng ban truyn

thng ca t chc Wikimedia, l t chc
qun l trang Wikipedia. ng cho bit
d lut ny nu c thng qua s gy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and open Web.
tn hi cho mt th gii mng m v t

do nh hin nay.
It's detrimental to Wikipedia. And we

want to make sure that we send a
message."The blogging site Boing
Boing and social news website Reddit
also went black.
N s gy tn hi cho trang Wikipedia

ca chng ti. V chng ti mun rng
chng ti c th gi n cc bn mt
thng ip no . Trang blog
BoingBoing v trang tin tc x hi
Reddit cng tham gia chin dch tt
in ny.
Erik Martin, the general manager of

Reddit, said: "This is a really big deal
and this is something we're going to
fight, and this is something we think
threatens the entire tech sector."
Erik Martin tng gim c trang Reddit

ni rng: y l mt vn thc s
ln, vn chng ta cn phi chng li
v c th n s e da nn cng ngh
ton cu.
Both Wikipedia and Reddit urged users

to contact their congressional
representative. Internet search leader
Google also protested, although it
continued to provide service.
C Wikipedia v Reddit u hi thc

ngi dng lin h vi i biu quc hi
ca h. Trang tm kim ng u th
gii Google cng tham gia vo chin
dch phn i ny, d h vn tip tc
cung cp dch v.
The protest was against two bills -- the

Stop Online Piracy Act, or SOPA, and
the Protect Intellectual Property Act, or
PIPA. PIPA is the Senate version;
SOPA is the version in the House of
Representatives.
Chin dch ny phn i hai d lutChng vi phm bn quyn trn mng,

hay cn gi l SOPA, v d lut v s
hu tr tu hay cn gi l PIPA. PIPA l
vn bn ca thng ngh vin, cn
SOPA li l vn bn c son tho bi
h vin M.
Supporters say the law is needed to

fight foreign websites that sell pirated
copies of American movies and music.
Steven Tepp is a lawyer with the U.S.
Chamber of Commerce.
Nhng ngi ng h d lut cho rng

cn phi chng li nhng trang web nc
ngoi vi phm bn quyn phim v m
nhc ca M. Steve Tepp l mt lut s
phng thng mi M.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 50
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
He says piracy of books, music, movies

and other forms of intellectual property
hurt the economy. "These rogue sites
are hurting American jobs, stealing
American jobs, they're harming
American consumers and they have no
business being on the Internet.
ng cho rng vic xm phm bn quyn

sch, m nhc, phim nh v nhng hnh
thc khc ca s hu tr tu s gy tn
hi n nn kinh t. Nhng trang khng
chnh ng ny ang gy bt li i vi
vic lm M, n ang nh mt c hi
vic lm y v chng ang lm nh
hng n ngi tiu dng M v
nhng trang ny khng c quyn c
xut hin trn mng.
But many online businesses including

blogs, news sites and search engines
say the law would force them to
become censors.
Nhng nhng doanh nghip kinh doanh

mng khc nh cc trang blog, tin tc v
trang tm kim th cho rng d lut ny
s bin h thnh nhng kim sot vin
thc s.
David Smith is with the Potomac

Institute for Policy Studies. He says the
proposed law would hurt Wikipedia
and other sites that depend on material
from users of the sites.
ng David Smith lm vic trong Vin

nghin cu chnh sch Potomac. ng
cho rng d lut s gy tn hi cho
Wikipedia v nhng trang mng ph
thuc ngun ti liu t ngi dng ca
trang khc.
He says websites would be required to

police all the material they carry. "It
creates a legal situation in which a
complainant can go before a judge and
get an order, and it then makes the
various Internet companies, the Internet
service providers, responsible for what
they're carrying."
ng cho bit nhng trang web ny s

phi kim sot tt c nhng thng tin c
trn web h. iu ny to nn mt tnh
hung php l trong ngi dn c th
i n ta n khiu ni, iu ny c th
lm cho nhiu cng ty mng v cc nh
cung cp dch v mng phi c trch
nhim vi nhng thng tin trn mng.
After the online protests, some

lawmakers said they now had doubts
about the legislation. The bills
appeared unlikely to pass without
changes.
Sau nhng cuc phn i trn mng,

mt s nh lm lut cho hay by gi th
h hoi nghi v tnh kh thi ca d
lut ny. D lut ny kh m c thng
qua nu nh khng thay i mt s iu
khon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 50
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Obama administration said it

opposes any law that reduces freedom
of expression or increases cyber
security risk.
Chnh quyn Obama cho bit h s phn

i tt c nhng iu lut hn ch quyn
t do ngn lun v tng nguy c an ninh
khng gian mng

Villarreal.

bit ca i VOA, Ti l Alex Villarreal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 51
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Facebook and Its Big Stock Offering
Facebook Pht Hnh Lng C Phiu

Ln

Economics Report

Facebook says it aims to raise five

billion dollars through its first public
sale of stock.
Tp on Facebook cho bit h ang c

mc tiu huy ng 5 t la M thng
qua pht hnh c phiu ra cng chng.
That would be one of the biggest initial

public offerings ever. And it would be
much bigger than Google's first public
stock sale in two thousand four. That
IPO raised almost two billion dollars.
y l t pht hnh c phiu ra cng

chng ln u (IPO) ln nht trn th
gii cho n nay. V con s ny ln hn
nhiu so vi Google khi h ln u pht
hnh c phiu cng chng vo nm
2004. IPO ca Google vo nm 2004 vo
khong 2 t .
The world's biggest social media

network filed documents with the
Securities and Exchange Commission
on February first.
Trang mng truyn thng x hi ln

nht th gii ny n ln y ban
Chng khon v Hi oi vo ngy 1
thng 2 va qua.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 51
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The documents are required before the

company can launch an initial public
offering. A date for the sale was not
immediately announced.
Nhng th tc ny l bc thit yu
trc khi mt cng ty c php pht
hnh c phiu ra cng chng ln u.
Ngy pht hnh c phiu ca Facebook
vn cha c thng qua.
Facebook has more than eight hundred

million users around the world. It
represents the second most visited
website after Google.
Facebook c hn 800 triu ngi dng

trn khp th gii. iu ny minh chng
y l trang mng c s ngi truy cp
ln th 2 th gii ch sau Google.
Now, experts say the social media

company is in a position to become one
of the world's most valuable Internet
companies. Stock expert Anupam Palit
at Greencrest Capital says that among
social media sites, Facebook is in a
class by itself.
n nay, cc chuyn gia nhn nh rng

cng ty truyn thng x hi ny ang c
v th tr thnh mt trong nhng cng
ty truyn thng c gi tr nht. Chuyn
gia chng khon Anupam Pali ti cng
ty Greencrest Capital cho bit trong s
cc trang mng x hi, th Facebook l
trang ni bt hn c.
"It's the biggest company in this space

and we believe what makes it very
unique from every other company that
went public last year in this space is
that it is very, very profitable."
y l cng ty ln nht trn th gii

trong lnh vc ny v chng ti tin
tng rng l do s lm cho n tr nn
khc bit vi cc cng ty tng pht
hnh c phiu vo nm ngoi l n
mang li rt nhiu li nhun.
Trc c tnh gi tr ca Facebook

Early estimates value the social
network between seventy-five and one l khong 75- 100 t la. Bao gm cc
u t trc t cc cng ty khc.
hundred billion dollars. That includes
earlier investments by other companies.
David Kirkpatrick wrote the book "The
Facebook Effect." He says Facebook's
IPO will be historic: "Will Facebook's
IPO be the biggest IPO in American
history?
Trong cun sch "The Facebook Effect"

(nh hng ca Facebook), David
Kirkpatrick nhn xt IPO ca
Facebook s i vo lch s. Liu IPO
ca Facebook s l IPO ln nht trong
lch s nc M?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 51
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Probably not. But it will certainly be by C th l khng. Nhng tt nhin cho

far the biggest Internet or technology
n nay nhn chung y l cng ty cng
IPO we've ever seen.
ngh v truyn thng c IPO ln nht.
"The stock sale could also make
twenty-seven-year-old Facebook cofounder Mark Zuckerberg one of the
world's youngest billionaires.
Lng c phiu ny cn gip cho nh

sng lp 27 tui Mark Zucherberg tr
thnh mt trong nhng t ph tr tui
nht th gii.
Investment companies are likely to be

the first to buy the stock. Investment
manager Jim O'Shaugnessy points out
that the price of some IPO stocks fall
not long after they first go on sale.
Nhng cng ty u t c l s l nhng

ngi mua s c phiu ny u tin.
Gim c u t Jim OShaugnessy
ch ra rng gi cc c phiu IPO khng
gim nhiu sau ngy u nim yt.
Stock in LinkedIn, Groupon and Zynga C phiu ca LinkedIn, Groupon v

Zynga u gim ti 25% sau ngy giao
dropped as much as twenty-five
dch u tin.
percent after going public.
"Many IPOs come out being very, very
overvalued because they get so hyped
up and investors are so taken in by the
story that they're willing to pay any
amount just to be able to get into the
stock.
Rt nhiu IPO ca cc cng ty khi c

pht hnh ra c nh gi qu cao v th
trng qu b kch ng v cc nh u
t b nht vo u ngh rng h sn
sng tr mt khon bt c nh th no
min l c mua loi chng khon .
That generally translates to being very

overvalued. So we generally tell
investors that they should wait
probably a good full year before they
look at buying stock that was recently
IPO'd."
V th chng ta c th tm hiu l n
c nh gi qu cao. V chng ti
cng mun khuyn cc nh u t nn
ch i c l l mt nm trc khi h
mun mua c phiu pht hnh ln u ra
cng chng.
There were similar questions eight

years ago about Google. Today,
Google is one of the world's most
valuable technology companies.
Cng l nhng cu hi chung ging nh

Google cch y 8 nm. Ngy nay,
Google l mt trong cng ty cng ngh
c gi tr nht th gii.

Presutti.
Trn y chng trnh ting Anh c

bit ca VOA, ti l Carolyn Presutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 51
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 52
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IBM Thinks Minds Will Control

Machines Within 5 Years
IBM cho rng ngh s iu khin

my mc trong 5 nm ti

Technology Report

Controlling a device with your mind.

iu khin thit b bng ngh. To ra
Powering your home with the energy of nng lng cho ngi nh ca bn bng
your own activities.
chnh nng lng sn sinh t nhng
hot ng c th.
These are two of the developments that y l hai trong s nhng n m cc
experts at IBM think will become
chuyn gia ca tp on my tnh ni
reality within the next five years.
ting IBM cho rng s tr thnh hin
thc trong vng 5 nm na.
The technology company has released
its latest "5 in 5" report. The experts
think people will soon be able to
control many electronic devices simply
by using their minds.
Cng ty cng ngh ny va a ra bo

co mi nht c tn gi 5 trong 5 (5 d
on cng ngh trong 5 nm ti). Theo
kin ca cc chuyn gia th con ngi s
sm c kh nng ch cn s dng tm tr
ca h iu khin cc thit b in t.
Scientists at IBM and other companies

are researching ways to do this in a
Cc nh khoa hc ca IBM v cc cng

ty khc ang c gng tm ra phng thc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 52
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------field of science known as

bioinformatics.
hin thc ha gic m ny trong mt

lnh vc khoa hc mi gi l tin sinh
hc
They say people will soon have a way

to just think about calling or e-mailing
someone in order to make it happen.
Bernie Meyerson is IBM's vice
president of innovation.
H cho rng con ngi s sm tm ra

cch gi in hay gi th in t cho
nhau ch bng cch ngh v n. Bernie
Meyerson l ph ch tch mng pht
minh sng to ca IBM.
He says the idea is for "something with

really deep capability so that a person,
for instance, a quadriplegic, a
paraplegic can actually utilize
brainwaves to make things happen and
basically run their own lives
independently."
ng cho bit tng ny l to ra

mt ci g thc s c kh nng ai
chng hn nh mt ngi b lit t
chi hay mt ngi b lit hai chn cng
hon ton c th s dng sng no
lm mi vic v c bn c th lm ch
cuc sng ca mnh.
Another prediction is a way for people

to power their homes and offices using
energy from activities like walking or
running.
D on tip theo l con ngi s t to

ra nng lng cho ngi nh ca mnh v
cc vn phng c s dng nng lng
bng cc hot ng nh i b hay chy
b.
Still another prediction: passwords

could soon become a thing of the past.
IBM says developments in biometric
technology could soon make passwords
unnecessary.
Mt d on khc na l mt khu c l
s nhanh chng i vo d vng. IBM cho
bit nhng tin b trong cng ngh sinh
trc hc c th s sm bin mt khu
thnh mt th v gi tr.
Some of the most common biometrics

used to identify people are fingerprints,
face and voice recognition, and iris
scans.
Mt s cng ngh sinh trc hc ph bin

nht c s dng nhn dng con
ngi nh my qut du vn tay, v
my nhn mt, ging ni v trng mt.
The iris is the colored part of the eye.

Bernie Meyerson says this technology
will soon be more widely used by
money machines and other devices.
Trng mt l phn c mu trong mt. B

Bernie Meyerson cho bit cng ngh
ny s sm c ng dng rng ri trong
cc my rt tin v cc thit b khc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 52
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Another prediction from the experts at D on tip na ca cc chuyn gia t

International Business Machines: better Tp on my tnh a quc gia (IBM) l:
technology to prevent unwanted e-mail. chng ta s phi c mt cng ngh tt
hn ngn chn th rc in t .
The fifth prediction on IBM's 5 in 5 list
is an end to the "digital divide"
between those who have technology
and those who do not.
D on cui cng trong bo co 5

trong 5 ca IBM l xa b khong
cch s gia nhng ngi c v khng
c thit b cng ngh.
Bernie Meyerson says: "We anticipate

within five years, better than eighty
percent coverage of the world's
population by cellular to smartphones.
ng Bernie Meyerson chia s: Chng

ti d on trong vng 5 nm ti, s c
hn 80% dn s s dng Smartphone.
At that point, imagine having, for

instance, the ability to speak openly
with anybody anywhere, anytime and
any language -- real time translation.
Gi s c chuyn ny xy ra, th n thi

im ny chng ta c kh nng ni
chuyn thoi mi vi bt c ai, bt c
u bt c lc no v bng bt c ngn
ng no- v in thoi s c chc nng
thng dch tc thi.
Literally, the old 'Star Trek' idea of the

universal translator coming to be, and
how the world would change if there
were that kind of communication and
openness."
Tht vy, tng Star Trek v phin

dch ton cu s tr nn li thi v th
gii s nh th no nu c kiu giao tip
v s thoi mi nh vy.

Technology Report. For VOA Special
English, I'm Carolyn Presutti.
Trn y l bn tin Cng Ngh ca i

VOA, v ti l Carolyn Presutti, pht
thanh vin ca chng trnh Ting Anh
c bit ca i VOA.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 53
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Effort to Fight 10 'Neglected'

Tropical Diseases
N lc mi chng li 10 cn bnh
nhit i b lng qun
This is the VOA Special English health y l bn tin Y t ca chng trnh

Report
A new campaign aims to fight ten
diseases that affect many of the world's
poorest people but do not get much
attention.
Mt chin dch mi nhm chng li 10

cn bnh nh hng n rt nhiu ngi
thuc tng lp ngho nht ca x hi
nhng li khng c quan tm thch
ng.
At the end of January officials

announced the London Declaration on
Neglected Tropical Diseases.
Vo cui thng 1 va qua cc quan chc

thng qua mt o lut v cc bnh
nhit i b lng qun.
The diseases include conditions like

sleeping sickness, guinea m and
leprosy. They affect more than a billion
people worldwide.
Nhng cn bnh ny bao gm bnh ri

lon gic ng, giun kim v bnh hi.
Nhng cn bnh ny nh hng nhiu
n hng t ngi trn ton th gii.
The effort involves thirteen drug

companies and the governments of the
N lc ny thu ht s tham gia ca 13

cng ty dc v cc chnh quyn M,
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 53
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------United States, the United Kingdom and Anh v cc tiu vng quc Rp
the United Arab Emirates.
thng nht.
It also includes the Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation, the World Bank and
health groups.
Cn c s tham gia ca t chc Bill &

Melinda Gates, Ngn hng th gii v
cc t chc y t.
The campaign promises almost eight

hundred million dollars for drug
donation programs. Stephen O'Brien, a
member of the British Parliament, was
at the launch.
Chin dch ha hn s dnh khong 8

trm triu cho cc chng trnh tng
thuc. ng Stephen O\'Brien , mt thnh
vin ca Ngh vin Anh, ang c mt ti
chin dch ny.
He said financial investment and

ng cho bit u t ti chnh v chi tiu
cumulative spending will increase five- ly tch s tng ln 5 ln vo nm 2015,
fold, from seventy-nine million dollars t 79 triu la ln n 387 triu
to three hundred eighty-seven million
dollars by twenty-fifteen.
'That is four treatments a second, ' he
said. The The United States Agency for
International Development says
neglected tropical diseases, or NTDs,
cost governments and businesses ten
billion dollars a year.
ng chia s y l bn bin php tc

th. C quan Pht trin quc t Hoa K
(USAID) cho bit nhng cn bnh nhit
i, hay cn gi l NTDs, ly i 10 t
ca chnh ph cng nh cc doanh
nghip mi nm.
This is in lost productivity and

treatment costs. Dr. Donan Mmbando
is with the Tanzanian Ministry of
Health and Social Welfare.
l chi ph cho vic iu tr v gim

st trong hiu qu cng vic. Bc s
Donan Mmbando lm vic ti B Y t
v Phc li X hi cng ha Tanzania.
He says, "The plight of people with the

neglected tropical diseases is so real in
my country. You need to see people
with severe itching, lizard skin, which
is a manifestation of river blindness."
ng chia s Nhng mnh i mang cn

bnh nhit i hin hu rt ph bin
t nc ti. Bn phi nhn thy nhng
ngi b cc triu chng da liu nh
nga nhiu, nt nh da thn ln, y l
nhng du hiu ca bnh m sng- hay
cn gi l bnh giun ch.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 53
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The declaration calls for control or

elimination of the ten diseases by
twenty-twenty. Margaret Chan, the
director-general of the World Health
Organization, said, "Just think of the
prospect of freeing millions of people - most of them are children and women
-- so that they could have a healthy and
productive life."
o lut ny ku gi vo 2020 s phi

kim sot v loi tr c 10 cn bnh
ny. Margaret Chan, tng gim c T
chc y t th gii WTO cho bit Hy
ngh n vin cnh gii thot c hng
triu con ngi- hu ht l tr em v ph
n- t h s c c cuc sng khe
mnh v hu ch hn.
The Gates foundation is giving three

hundred sixty-three million dollars to
the campaign. There have been many
campaigns before against these
diseases.
T chc Gates s ng gp cho chin

dch ny vi s tin l 63 triu la.
Trc cng c nhiu chin dch
chng li nhng cn bnh ny.
Dr. Neeraj Mistry of the Global

Network for Neglected Tropical
Diseases says those earlier efforts were
not very effective because access to
drugs was limited.
Bc s Neeraj Mistry lm vic ti Mng

li ton cu v cc bnh nhit i b
lng qun a ra nhn nh, nhng n
lc trc khng thc s c hiu qu
v s lng thuc cn qu hn ch.
He says now, with the increased

support, "we can actually take the
response to NTDs to scale, which
means that we can treat more
communities and more people."
ng ni thm, by gi vi s ng h ca
nhiu ban ngnh, Chng ta mi thc s
quan tm n cc bnh nhit i b lng
qun, ngha l chng ta c th cha tr
c cho ng o qun chng v cho
nhiu ngi hn.
13 cng ty dc cng ng s chia
s thng tin gip y nhanh tc
pht trin ca cc phng php cha tr
mi.
The thirteen drug companies have also

agreed to share information that could
speed up the development of new
treatments.
Ritter. For more health news, along
with activities for learning English, go
to voaspecialenglish.com

bit ca i VOA, ti l Mario Ritter.
bit thm cc tin tc v sc khe,
cng vi nhng hot ng cho vic hc
ting Anh, mi cc bn truy cp vo
trang web voaspecialenglish.com.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 53
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 54
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
College Students Get Into

Microfinance Lending
Sinh Vin i Hc Bc Vo Chin

Dch Cho Vay Ti Chnh Vi M

Education Report

Imagine that you have lost your job.

You could start a sewing business at
home if you had a better sewing
machine and a little money to
advertise. But you cannot get a loan
from a bank.
Tng tng rng bn va mi b mt

vic. V bn c th m mt tim may
nh nu bn c mt chic my may tt
hn v c mt t tin qung co.
Nhng bn khng th vay tin t ngn
hng.
In recent times, many people in similar

situations have received loans from
student microfinance groups.
Trong thi gian gn y, nhiu ngi c

hon cnh tng t vay tin t cc
nhm ti chnh vi m sinh vin.
Such groups make small loans for

business or personal use. Twelve of the
organizations are part of a national
network called the Campus
Microfinance Alliance.
Nhng nhm ny cho vay nhng khon

nh cho mc ch kinh doanh hoc s
dng c nhn. 12 trong s nhng t chc
ny nm trong mt mng li quc gia
c tn gi l Lin hip Ti chnh vi m
Trng hc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 54
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The alliance provides financial aid,

technical advice and training programs
for its member groups.
Lin hip ny h tr ti chnh, t vn k

thut v cc chng trnh o to cho
thnh vin ca cc nhm.
Each group has between ten and

seventy volunteers, many of them
college students.
Mi nhm c khong 10 n 70 tnh

nguyn vin, nhiu trong s l sinh
vin.
They have enabled hundreds of people H gip cho hng trm ngi khp
across the United States to launch small nc M c th m doanh nghip nh.
businesses.
Vanessa Carter is director of the
alliance. She says bad economic times
have sped the growth of the college
microfinance movement.
Vanessa Carter l gim c lin hip

ny. B cho bit thi k kinh t kh
khn cng y nhanh s pht trin ca
cc nhm ti chnh vi m cc trng
i hc.
"This really got started because

students were walking off campus, it
was the height of the economic
recession, and they were seeing
boarded up businesses and the effects
of high unemployment first hand."
Chin dch ny thc s bt u, sinh

vin bt u bc ra khi trng hc,
v y l im cao ca suy thoi kinh t,
h chng kin nhng doanh nghip
phi ng ca v nhng nh hng trc
tip t tnh trng tht nghip cao.
In Iowa, a student microfinance group

at Grinnell College helps people both
locally and internationally. The group
started in two thousand seven.
bang Iowa, mt nhm ti chnh vi m

ca trng i hc Grinnell khng
nhng h tr ngi dn a phng m
cn trn c quy m th gii. Nhm ny
bt u hot ng t nm 2007.
At that time, Grinnell student Jeff

Raderstrong and some friends raised
more than six hundred dollars from
other students.
Lc , mt sinh vin trng Grinnell l

Jeff Raderstrong v mt s sinh vin
khc ku gi c 600 la t cc
sinh vin trong trng.
The Saturday-night Grinnell tradition

of missing a meal to help others
enabled the group to make loans
through the international microfinance
Ti th 7 truyn thng ca trng

Grinnell vi khu hiu nhn n mt ba
gip ngi khc gip cc nhm
c c nhng khon vay t t chc ti
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 54
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------organization Kiva.org.
chnh vi m quc t Kiva.org.
The Social Entrepreneurs of Grinnell -SEG -- was launched. Later, SEG

moved toward making loans directly to
international partners. But as time
passed, the group started helping
people in Iowa.
Trc kia, cc doanh nghip x hi ca

trng Grinnel (SEG) c thnh
lp. Sau SEG chuyn sang cho vay
trc tip cc cng s trn khp th gii.
Nhng dn v sau, nhm ny bt u
ch h tr ngi dn bang Iowa.
Jeff Raderstrong remembers how that

developed. "It sort of really quickly
became clear that there was a lot that
we could do in the community, in the
Grinnell community. Because, you
know, the town itself, there is some
wealth but there is a lot of poverty, and
it is a lot of rural poverty."
Jeff Raderstrong cn nh r qu trnh

pht trin ca nhm. N kiu nh l rt
nhanh chng chng ti thy r rng
mt iu rng chng ti c th gip ch
rt nhiu cho cng ng ni chung, v
cho cng ng Grinnell ni ring.
V nh cc bn bit y, ngay ci th
trn ny, c mt s ngi giu nhng
cng c rt nhiu ngi ngho, v cn
rt nhiu ngi ngho nng thn.
Mark Root-Wiley was another early

member of SEG. He says the group
recognized that small targeted loans at
zero percent or low interest could help
local residents.
Mark Root-Wiley cng l mt trong s

nhng thnh vin k cu ca SEG. Anh
chia s, nhm nhn ra rng nhng khon
vay c mc ch khng li sut hoc vi
li sut thp c th gip ch rt nhiu
cho ngi dn a phng.
SEG money has helped people make

car payments so they can get to their
jobs.
SEG gp phn gip ngi dn thanh

ton tin mua xe t h c phng
tin i lm.
It also helped patients in need of

temporary housing near the medical
center where they receive treatment.
Nhm cn h tr nhng bnh nhn ang

cn ch gn trung tm y t h ang
cha tr.

Presutti. Get more news and learn
English at voaspecialenglish.com.

Cc bn c th cp nht tin tc v hc
ting Anh ti trang web
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 54
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 55
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Taking Medicine, With a Microchip

Under the Skin
Tim Thuc Bng Con Chip Di Da

Technology Report
y l bn tin Cng ngh ca chng

Call it medicine on a microchip.

Researchers in the United States have
developed the first wirelessly
controlled device that can supply a
drug directly into the body.
C th gi y l mt vi mch cha
thuc. Cc nh nghin cu M pht
trin mt thit b iu khin khng dy
u tin m c th a thuc trc tip
vo c th.
A small chip is implanted under the

skin. It contains the medicine, which it
releases at preset times.
Mt con chip nh s c cy di da.

Con chp ny cha thuc v s tit ra vo
thi gian c ci t.
The developers say the device could

improve the lives of millions of people
who take medicine for long-term
illnesses.
Cc nh nghin cu cho bit thit b ny

c th ci thin cuc sng ca hng triu
ngi bnh lu nm ang phi ung
thuc.
A company called MicroCHIPS began

developing the device about fifteen
years ago. In February, the company
Mt cng ty c tn l MicroCHIPS
bt u nghin cu thit b ny t cch
y 15 nm. Vo thng 2 va qua, cng
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------released the results of its first

successful tests in humans.
ty ny cng b thnh cng ca th

nghim u tin trn c th ngi.
The tests took place in Denmark with

seven women with osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis causes bones to become
weak and break easily.
Th nghim ny c tin hnh ti an

Mch cho 7 ngi ph n b long
xng. Bnh long xng lm cho
xng b yu i v d b gy.
The disorder is common among older

people, especially women. Many
patients have to give themselves daily
injections of medicine.
Bnh ny rt ph bin ngi gi, c

bit l ph n. Nhiu bnh nhn hng
ngy phi t tim thuc cho mnh.
One type of treatment requires

injections for two years. Robert Farra is
the president of MicroCHIPS. He says
many patients stop taking the medicine
because of the pain and stress of the
injections.
C mt phng php iu tr cho bnh

ny v n i hi phi tim thuc trong 2
nm. Robert Farra l ch tch ca tp
on MicroCHIPS. ng cho bit nhiu
bnh nhn khng dng thuc na ch v
qu au v s kim tim.
"As a result, only twenty-five percent

of the patients will go through the
entire twenty-four months of
treatment."
Do , ch 25% bnh nhn c th vt

qua c qu trnh iu tr 24 thng ca
phng php ny.
The microchip is a few centimeters

long. It has small sections that each
hold a single dose of medicine. Mr.
Farra says the device has to be
programmed with the times to release
the drug.
Vi mch ny ch di vi centimet. N c
nhng ngn nh, mi ngn s cha mt
liu thuc. ng Farra cho bit thit b
ny phi c ci t gi tit thuc.
"For osteoporosis, the physician will

program the device, and the device has
the ability to release a dose at a given
time, every single day.
Vi bnh long xng, cc bc s s ci

t thit b, v thit b s c kh nng
hng ngy tit mt liu vo thi gian
c ci t nht nh.
For other diseases, where the physician Vi nhng bnh khc, bc s c th s

may want to alter the dosing schedule, mun thay i lch tit thuc, h s c
they will have the ability to wirelessly kh nng ci t li thi gian tit thuc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------reprogram that dosing schedule."
t xa.
He says doctors will be able to

reprogram the device from a computer
or even a cell phone. The seven women
in the study were ages sixty-five to
seventy.
ng cho bit cc bc s s c th ci t
li thit b bng mt chic my tnh hoc
thm ch l bng mt chic in thoi.
Su ngi ph n trong nghin cu ni
trn c tui t 65 n 70 tui.
The researchers say the implants were

just as effective as daily injections.
And they say the dosage amounts were
more exact than patients often give
themselves.
Cc nh nghin cu cho bit vic cy

thit b ny cng c tc dng nh vic
tim thuc hng ngy. V h cn chia s
thm rng liu lng thm ch cn chnh
xc hn khi bnh nhn t tim thuc cho
h.
The microchips in the study held only

twenty doses of medicine. Mr. Farra
says it could take four years to design
and test a version with the ability to
hold a year's worth of medicine.
Vi mch trong nghin cu ny ch c

kh nng cha 20 liu thuc. ng Farra
cho hay thit k v th nghim mt
phin bn mi c kh nng cha thuc
cung cp trong 1 nm c th s mt
khong 4 nm na.
He says the microchip may one day

free patients from having to remember
to take their medicine, or give
themselves injections.
ng cn nhn mnh, mt ngy no

nh thit b ny bnh nhn s khng phi
nh ung thuc hay tim thuc cho
mnh na.
It may also be useful in treating other

chronic diseases, including heart
disease and multiple sclerosis.
Vi mch ny cn rt c ch trong vic

iu tr nhng bnh kinh nin khc nh
tim mch hay bnh a x cng.

Presutti.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 56
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Making Power From Coconut Shells, Sn xut nng lng t v da v ht

xoi
Mango Pits
Agriculture Report
y l bn tin Nng nghip ca chng

Seth DeBolt is a plant scientist at the

University of Kentucky in the United
States. He and other scientists wanted
to find a source of fuel that poor people
in rural areas of developing countries
could use to make electricity.
ng Seth DeBolt l mt nh khoa hc

ca trng i hc Kentucky M. ng
v mt s nh khoa hc khc tng c
mong mun tm ra mt ngun nhin liu
m ngi dn ngho cc vng nng
thn trn cc nc ang pht trin c th
tn dng sn xut in.
The United Nations Development

Program says a billion and a half
people have no electricity. A billion
others have an undependable supply.
Chng trnh Pht trin Lin Hp Quc

(UNDP) cho bit hin nay c khong
1,5 t ngi khng c in dng v mt
t ngi na c in dng nhng khng
n nh.
Professor DeBolt went on a study trip

to rural Indonesia. He saw that,
everywhere he went, there was very
Gio s DeBolt c mt chuyn i

nghin cu n vng nng thn ca
Indonesia. ng nhn thy nhng ni
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 56
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------little waste in the use of agricultural

products.
ng i qua, hu nh khng h c s
lng ph trong vic s dng nng phm
Everything that farmers grew was used

for something. Even the remains of
fruit that people did not eat were fed to
chickens.
Tt c nhng th ngi nng dn trng

ln u c s dng cho mt mc ch
no . Thm ch nhng phn hoa qu
tha cng dng lm thc n cho g.
Little waste meant there was little that

could be used for fuel. Growing a
separate fuel crop would take land
away from food crops.
Rt t tha li ngha l c rt t th c
th dng lm nhin liu. Trng ring
mt v lm nhin liu th s khng c
t trng nng phm.
That was something Professor DeBolt

did not want to do. He says the people
at most risk of energy poverty are often
the same people who have food
insecurity issues as well.
y l iu m gio s DeBolt khng h

mun. ng cho bit nhng ngi trong
tnh trng thiu nng lng cng chnh
l nhng ngi ang gp kh khn trong
vn thiu lng thc.
Any change in food availability would

hurt that group the most. But he found
two items that were in plentiful supply
and would not create competition
between food and fuel.
Cho nn h chnh l nhng ngi s b

nh hng nhiu nht nu c bt k s
thay i no v ngun lng thc.
Nhng ng tm ra c hai ngun
nhin liu rt di do m khng to nn
s cnh tranh gia nhin liu v lng
thc.
Coconut shells and mango pits are

generally thrown out. Yet Professor
DeBolt says they have a lot of energy
stored in them.
V da v ht xoi dng nh l nhng

th vt i. Tuy nhin theo gio s
DeBolt th chng li cha rt nhiu nng
lng.
He says they have an "excellent"

heating value which he compares to
coal of low to moderate grade. The
same is true for the pit of an olive,
peach or cherry, or the shell of an
almond or walnut.
ng chia s thm, chng c mt sc t

cc k ln, ngang tm vi than loi thp
v trung bnh. Tng t, ht liu, ht
o, ht anh o hay v qu hnh nhn,
c ch cng th.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 56
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All someone needs is a way to release

that energy. Seth DeBolt says a
company in India, Husk Power
Systems, is using small generators in
villages to make electricity from rice
hulls.
V nhim v ca chng ta l lm sao

gii phng c s nng lng .
Gio s Seth DeBolt cho bit cng ty
Husk Power Systems n bt u
s dng nhng chic my pht in nh
bng nhin liu tru.
The process used is called gasification.

Heating plant matter in a low-oxygen
chamber releases gases.
Qu trnh ny c gi l qu trnh kh
ha. t nng tru trong khoang t c
lng oxy thp s gii phng ra kh.
These can be burned in an engine that

turns a power-generating turbine.
Professor DeBolt says he and his team
see possibilities for coconut and mango
power.
Kh ny c th c t chy trong mt
ng c, ng c ny dng quay ng
c sinh in. Gio s DeBolt cho bit
ng cng vi i nghin cu ca mnh
nhn thy rng nng lng cha trong
da v xoi l rt ln.
They published a study in the

Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences. It says these small-scale
production systems could provide as
much as thirteen percent of the energy
needs of a country like Indonesia.
H ng ti mt nghin cu trn t
bo ca Vin Hn lm Khoa hc Quc
gia. Nghin cu cho bit, nhng h
thng sn xut quy m nh nh th cng
c th p ng c 30% nhu cu v
nng lng ca mt nc nh Indonesia.
Other tropical countries with large

Nhng t nc nhit i khc, trng
crops of coconuts, mangoes and similar da, xoi v cc loi hoa qu tng t
fruit could benefit, as well.
vi s lng ln cng s c li t
nghin cu ny.
But Professor DeBolt says this is not a
perfect solution. There are technical
questions, like how to safely deal with
the hazardous waste that gasification
can produce. And there needs to be
money to get these projects started.
Nhng gio s DeBolt cho hay y

khng phi l mt bin php hon ton
trit . Bn cnh cn tn ti nhng
vn mang tnh k thut nh lm th
no x l cht thi c hi v qu
trnh kh ha to ra mt cch an ton.
Hay phi tm kim ngun ti chnh u
d n ny c th bt u.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 56
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Villarreal.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 57
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Linking Education and Employment

in Africa
Kt hp gia gio dc vi vic lm

chu Phi

Education Report.
y l Bn tin Gio dc ca i VOA.
Va qua, hn 600 i biu hp mt

More than six hundred delegates
recently met in Burkina Faso to discuss ti Burkine Fasa cng tho lun v
vn gio dc chu Phi.
education in Africa.
The aim is to find ways to support
economic growth by improving
education and job training programs.
Mc ch ca bui tho lun ny l tm

cch h tr tng trng kinh t bng
vic ci thin nn gio dc v cc
chng trnh o to ngh.
The delegates included education

ministers and representatives of civil
society, business, labor and youth
groups.
on i biu bao gm cc b trng

gio dc v cc i din ca cc t chc
dn s, kinh doanh, lao ng v thanh
thiu nin.
The meeting, held every three years, is

known as the Triennial.
Bui hi ngh c t chc 3 nm 1 ln,

c bit n vi ci tn Triennial.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 57
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ahlin Byll-Cataria is executive

secretary of the Association for the
Development of Education in Africa.
ng Ahlin Byll-Cataria l th k iu
hnh ca Hip hi pht trin gio dc
chu Phi.
His group organized the weeklong

conference.
T chc ca ng t chc bui hi

ngh ko di mt tun.
He says there is a missing link between

education and employment in Africa.
For example, schools need to improve
technical training for students who do
not continue to secondary education.
Theo ng, gia gio dc v vic lm hin

nay Chu Phi cn ang thiu s gn
kt, v d nh cc trng hc cn phi
ci thin chng trnh o to ngh cho
nhng hc sinh khng hc tip bc hc
ph thng.
Mr. Byll-Cataria says educational

programs need to be reshaped to better
fit the needs of employers.
ng Byll-Cataria ni rng cc chng

trnh gio dc cn c thit k li
ph hp hn vi nhu cu ca cc nh
tuyn dng.
He says this is already happening in

some countries including Tunisia,
where the association is based.
ng cho bit vic ny ang din ra

mt s nc trong c c nc Tunisia
- ni t tr s ca Hip hi pht trin
gio dc.
"For instance, where they have to train

engineers, there is a lot of discussion
between the schools and the companies
in order to know the demands of the
company, to take them into account in
the curriculum, and even in the
management of the schools."
V d, ti nhng trng o to k s,
cn c nhiu cuc trao i gia nh
trng vi cc cng ty nhm bit c
nhu cu ca cng ty, t nh trng
a ra phng hng o to v qun l
ca mnh cho ph hp.
In Mali, an association of artisans is

working to improve the skills of
mechanics, wood workers and
tradesmen.
Mali, mt hip hi cc ngh nhn

ang bt tay vo vic ci thin k nng
cho nhng ngi th c kh, th mc v
nhng ngi bun bn nh.
That association has also helped

workers and companies to win
Hip hi ny cng gip cc cng

nhn v cng ty ginh c nhng hp
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 57
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------government contracts.
ng ca chnh ph.
Several West African countries are

working together to develop a network
of trade and vocational schools.
Mt s quc gia Ty Phi ang lm vic

vi nhau pht trin mt mng li
thng mi v cc trng dy ngh.
The idea is based in part on a

successful example developed by
Nigeria.
tng ny mt phn da trn s

thnh cng ca quc gia Nigeria trong
vic thit lp mng li tng t.
Mr. Byll-Cataria says educators are

working to connect government-run
school systems with other groups that
are helping educate students.
ng Byll-Cataria ni rng cc nh gio

dc ang n lc kt ni h thng cc
trng cng lp vi nhng nhm gio
dc sinh vin khc
These include nongovernmental

organizations, community literacy
centers and faith-based groups. Among
these groups are Islamic schools, or
madrassas, that are expanding what
they teach.
Nhng nhm ny bao gm cc t chc

phi chnh ph, cc trung tm xa m ch
cng ng v cc nhm tn gio. Trong
s nhng nhm ny c cc trng hc
Hi gio, hoc madrassas ang m rng
vic ging dy.
Another subject for the conference was

peace education. The idea grew out of
the violence in Kenya related to
elections in two thousand seven.
Mt ch khc cho bui hi ngh l s

gio dc ha bnh. tng ny hnh
thnh t vn bo lc Kenya lin
quan n cuc bu c nm 2007.
The idea of peace education has since

spread to countries including Rwanda,
Somalia, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone and
Liberia.
tng v gio dc ha bnh lan

rng sang cc nc nh Rwanda,
Somalia, B Bin Ng, Sierra Leone v
Liberia.
New technology offers a way for

Africans living elsewhere in the world - the African diaspora -- to aid
development in their home country. For
example, a professor could use video
conferencing to teach a class back
home.
Cng ngh mi ra cch gip ngi

dn chu Phi sng nhiu ni khc
nhau trn th gii nhng ngi chu
Phi di c h tr s pht trin t
nc h. V d, mt gio s c th s
dng phng php t chc hi tho
video ging dy lp hc ti nh.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 57
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------For VOA Special English. I'm Alex

Villarreal.
y l chng trnh hc ting anh qua

i VOA. Ti l Alex Villarreal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 58
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Call for Equal Rights for Women

Farmers
Ku Gi Bnh ng V Quyn Cho N

Nng Dn

Agriculture Report

A new report says if women farmers

Mt bo co mi cho bit nu n nng
had the same rights as men, more could dn c quyn bnh ng nh nam gii,
be done to reduce world hunger.
th h c th s gip c nhiu hn
trong cng cuc xa i gim ngo trn
ton th gii.
The report, "Empowering Women in
Agriculture," is from the anti-hunger
group Bread for the World. Bread for
the World says equal access to
agricultural resources would help
increase food security and economic
growth.
Trong bn bo co ny, nhm chng i

ngho c tn gi Bnh m cho th gii
c bi vit nng cao v th ca ngi
ph n trong nng nghip. Nhm ny
chia s bnh ng quyn tip cn i vi
cc ngun lc nng nghip s gip nng
cao s bo m v lng thc v pht
trin kinh t.
Faustine Wabwire is the group's

foreign assistance specialist. She says
women constitute half of the
Faustine Wabwire l chuyn gia nc

ngoi h tr nhm ny. B cho bit
ph n chim mt na s lao ng
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------agricultural labor force in not just

Africa, but the developing countries as
a whole.
khng ch Chu Phi m cc nc

ang pht trin ni chung.
"And when you think of Africa alone,"

she says, "it's more than sixty percent
of the total agricultural labor force
being provided by women."
B cn nhn xt thm, nu ch tnh

Chu Phi thi, th c hn 60% ngun lc
lao ng trong nng nghip l ph n.
The report says in most countries,

women working in rural areas are more
likely than men to hold seasonal, parttime and low-wage jobs.
Bi bo co cho bit hu ht cc quc

gia, ph n khu vc nng thn dng
nh ch c nhng cng vic theo ma,
lm thm v lng thp hn n ng.
They also receive less pay for the same

work. Ms. Wabwire says women
farmers often cannot get seeds,
fertilizer, proper tools, credit and,
especially, land.
V h nhn c t lng hn n ng
vi cng cng vic. B Wabwire cho
bit ph n nng dn thng khng
c nhn ging, phn bn, dng c lao
ng, vay tn dng v c bit l t
trng.
She says in most of Africa, about

eighty percent of the population is
living in rural areas and they subsist on
agriculture.
B nhn nh hu ht cc nc Chu
Phi khong 80% dn s sng nng
thn v sng ch yu da vo nng
nghip.
Women make up sixty percent of the

agricultural labor force and yet they
lack access to resources, she says.
B ni, Ph n chim khong 60%

ngun lao ng trong nng nghip tuy
nhin h li b hn ch quyn tip cn
vi cc ngun lc khc.
She says land is one good example:

less than twenty percent of all
landholders are women. This is often
because of legal as well as cultural
reasons.
B nhn mnh, c bit l trong t ai,

phn trm ch s hu t nng nghip
l ph n ch cha n 20%. Vn ny
ch yu do cc nguyn nhn v lut
php v vn ha.
She says women who have lost their

B ni nhng ga ph c th s khng
husbands may have no legal rights over c quyn php l i vi t h ang s
their land. The only way to keep the
dng. V cch duy nht gi c t
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------land, she says, is to marry, say, the

brother of the dead husband.
l kt hn vi anh hoc em trai ca

ngi chng qua i.
Restrictions like these, she says,

"continue to impede women's ability to
fully enjoy their human rights."
However, Ms. Wabwire says women in
agriculture are getting more attention
these days.
Nhng hn ch nh trn tip tc cn tr

ph n khng c hng y quyn
con ngi. Tuy nhin, b Wabwire ph
n nng dn cng c quan tm hn
trong thi gian gn y.
For example, Kenya's new constitution V d, hin php mi ca Kenya cho

gives women the right to own land. But php ph n s hu t. Nhng b cho
she says there is still a long way to go. bit cng phi mt mt qung ng di
n i vo thc t.
Bread for the World is urging the
United States government to increase
development assistance, or at least not
to decrease it.
Chng trnh Bnh m cho th gii

ang thc dc chnh quyn M tng,
hoc t ra l khng ct gim chnh sch
h tr pht trin.
She says Feed the Future, the U.S.

government's agriculture aid program,
is helping to elevate the status of
women.
B ni, chng trnh tr cp nng

nghip u t cho tng lai ca chnh
ph ang c gng nng cao v th ca
ph n.
But Ms. Wabwire says more African

governments must recognize the major
role that women play in agriculture and
elsewhere.
Nhng b Wabwire cn ni thm cc

chnh quyn ca cc nc Chu Phi phi
nhn thc c vai tr quan trng ca
ph n trong nng nghip v trong
nhng ngnh khc.
Just how much could hunger be

reduced if women had equal access to
agricultural resources?
Nhng nu ph n c quyn bnh ng

trong vic tip cn vi cc ngun lc
nng nghip th nn i s gim c
bao nhiu?
The report estimates that hunger could

be reduced for an extra one hundred to
one hundred fifty million people.
Bi bo co ny c tnh nn i c th
s gim thm c 100 n 150 triu
ngi.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 58
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Villarreal.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 59
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Helping Women Continue Their

Education After Prison
Gip Ph N Tip Tc Theo ui

Vic Hc Tp Sau Khi Ra T

Education Report

Some women's prisons in the United

States offer classes for college credit.
But when the prisoners are released,
they may not have much chance to
continue their education.
Mt s nh t cho n gii M m lp
o to cp i hc cho t nhn. Nhng
sau khi ra t, rt t c hi h c th
tip tc theo ui cng vic hc tp ca
mnh.
In two thousand, a woman named

Barbara Martinsons started a program
to help these former prisoners. She
established the College and
Community Fellowship.
Vo nm 2000, mt ph n tn l
Barbara Martinsons xy dng mt
chng trnh gip nhng cu t
nhn ny. B thnh lp t chc c tn
gi i hc v Cng ng hu ngh.
Ms. Martinsons taught at Manhattan

Marymount College in New York City.
She has also taught college courses at a
women's prison in New York state.
B Martinsons tng ging dy

Trng i hc Manhattan Marymount
New York. V n nay b vn ang
dy cho cc kha hc cp i hc trong
mt nh t n bang New York
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 59
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The College and Community

Fellowship provides advice to former
prisoners. It also helps them gain
admission to college. That process can
be very difficult for anyone, let alone a
person with a prison record.
T chc i hc v Cng ng hu
ngh cung cp dch v t vn cho cc
cu t nhn. H cn gip cc t nhn
vo c cc trng i hc. Cc th tc
ny vi ai cng l mt qu trnh kh
khn, hung h l nhng ngi c l lch
trong t th kh khn li cng tng
ln gp bi.
The group also provides financial aid to

members attending college. Members
of the College and Community
Fellowship are called CCF Fellows.
T chc ny cn h tr ti chnh cho cc

thnh vin i hc i hc. Cc thnh vin
ca t chc ny c gi vi ci tn l
nhng ngi bn CCF.
Some have earned not only college

degrees but master's degrees and a
doctorate. Selina Fulford has already
earned one master's degree and is
working on her second.
Mt s ngi khng ch nhn c tm

bng i hc m h cn dnh c tm
bng thc s thm ch l tin s. Selina
Fulford tt nghip cao hc v hin
ang tip tc theo ui hc ngnh hai.
She is now an adjunct professor at the

College of New Rochelle in New York
state. About seventy percent of those in
the program work full time while
studying.
Hin c ang l tr gio ti trng i

hc New Rochelle bang New York.
70% nhng ngi tham gia chng trnh
ny u c mt cng vic ton thi gian
trong khi theo hc ti trng ny.
Nationally, one-third of women who

have been in prison are later sent back
for committing other crimes or
violating the terms of their release. By
comparison, almost none of the CCF
fellows have been sent back behind
bars.
Ton nc M, 1/3 ph n sau khi ra t

b vo t ln hai do phm mt ti danh
khc hoc vi phm cc iu l sau khi
c tha bng. V nu so snh, th
nhng thnh vin ca CFF hu nh
khng c ai phi ng trc vnh mng
nga ln na.
The Reverend Vivian Nixon, a

minister, heads the College and
Community Fellowship. She once
spent time in prison for falsifying
c cha Vivian Nixon, l mc s, b

trng ng thi l ngi ng u t
chc i hc v Cng ng Hu ngh.
B phi t v ti lm gi giy t.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 59
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------documents.
She says the group helps people
reclaim the goals they had for their
lives before going to jail. You don't
have to just accept any job -- at a fastfood restaurant or cleaning up a hotel
or cleaning up the streets, she says.
B cho bit t chc ny gip cc t nhn

thc c nhng mc tiu trong cuc
sng m h tng t ra trc khi h
vo t. B a ra li khuyn, khng nn
ch bit chp nhn bt c cng vic no,
v d nh phc v mt qun n nhanh
hoc lau dn khch sn, lao cng ng
ph.
As she puts it, "You can still have

desires and goals, and we are going to
help you meet those desires and
goals."About two hundred seventy
people are in the program.
B nhn mnh thm Cc bn vn c th

c c m, mc tiu ca ring mnh v
chng ti s l ngi gip cc bn t
c nhng c m v mc tiu .
Hin c khong 270 ngi tham gia vo
chng trnh ny.
The group holds meetings where the

women talk about subjects like
personal finance and developing a
career, and there is a social hour.
Nhm ny t chc mt cuc hi tho

cho cc n t nhn sau khi ra t, h trao
i v cc ch nh ti chnh c nhn
v pht trin ngh nghip, v c mt gi
lm vic cng ch.
Vivian Nixon says society in general is

happiest when the women do not go
back to jail. But she says her greatest
hope is that members of the fellowship
members are setting high goals for
themselves and their children.
Vivian Nixon cn chia s, x hi ni

chung cm thy vui mng nht khi ph
n khng phi vo t ln na. Nhng b
ni thm, mong c ln nht ca b l
cc thnh vin ca t chc hu ngh ny
s t ra nhng mc tiu cao hn cho
chnh bn thn h v cho tng lai con
em h.
We have more stories about education

programs for people in or out of prison.
You can find them, along with other
reading and listening materials for
learning English, at
Chng ti c rt nhiu cu chuyn v

cc chng trnh gio dc cho nhng
ngi ang t hoc c ra t. Cc
bn c th tm nhng bi ny, cng vi
nhng ti liu nghe v c hc ting
Anh ti trang web
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 59
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------voaspecialenglish.com.

Presutti.

bit ca i VOA, Ti l Carolyn
Presutti
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 60
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obama Presses Congress on Student

Loan Interest
Tng thng Obama nhn mnh vi

Quc hi v vn li sut cho vay
sinh vin

Economics Report

Student loans and the interest that

millions of Americans pay on them
have been getting a lot of attention
recently.
Vay n v li sut cho cc khon vay

sinh vin m hng triu ngi M ang
phi gnh chu ang thu ht quan tm
d lun trong nhng ngy gn y.
Americans now owe more on student

loans than on credit cards. Interest rates
for Direct Subsidized Student Loans
could double to almost seven percent
on July first.
Gi y s tin m ngi dn M n cho

khon vay sinh vin cn nhiu hn s
tin n trong th tn dng. Li sut ca
chng trnh Vay n sinh vin c tr
cp trc tip c th s tng gp i, n
gn 7% vo ngy mng 1 thng 7 ti.
Five years ago, Congress lowered the

rates for these government loans. But
that law is set to expire. The president
has called for keeping the current 3.4
percent rate.
Cch y 5 nm, quc hi h mc li

sut cho cc khon vay sinh vin ca
chnh ph ny. Nhng lut ny sp
ht thi hn. v Tng thng M yu
cu tip tc gi nguyn mc li sut hin
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 60
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ti l 3,4 %.
The administration says more than
seven million students will be affected
without an extension of that lower rate.
Chnh quyn Obama cho bit hn 7 triu

sinh vin s b nh hng nu khng tip
tc duy tr mc li sut thp na.
The government says the average cost

of attending a public college was
almost thirteen thousand dollars in
twenty ten. The total for private
schools was over thirty-two thousand.
Pha Chnh ph nhn nh thm, vo

nm 2010 chi ph trung bnh i hc
i hc cc trng cng lp l khong
13 nghn . V tng chi ph cho cc
trng dn lp l khong hn 32 nghn.
Americans owed eight hundred fortyfive billion dollars in student loans in

twenty-eleven. Some reports say the
amount is now near one trillion dollars.
President Obama has recently given
speeches on several college campuses.
Vo nm 2011, ngi dn ton nc M

n n 845 t la t khon vay sinh
vin. V nhiu bn bo co gn y cho
bit con s ny ln ti mt nghn t.
Tng thng Obama gn y c nhiu
bi pht biu ti mt s trng i hc.
He said when he and his wife,

Michelle, graduated from college and
law school, they had a "mountain of
debt." He told students that college
tuition and fees have more than
doubled since most of them were born.
ng chia s, khi ng v v ng, b

Michelle tt nghip i hc v trng
lut, h phi gnh trn vai mt \"ni
n\". ng ni vi cc sinh vin rng hc
ph i hc v cc chi ph khc tng
ln hn gp i so vi thi im nhng
sinh vin ny mi sinh ra.
He noted that the average student who

borrows to pay for college now
graduates with about twenty-five
thousand dollars in student loan debt.
An extension of the lower rate could
cost the government six billion dollars.
Tng thng cn lu rng trung bnh

cc sinh vin vay tin trang tri cho
vic hc tp khi tt nghip phi gnh s
n l 25 ngn cho khon vay sinh
vin. Tuy nhin nu duy tr mc li sut
th chnh ph s phi b ra thm 6 t
la na.
Republican presidential candidate Mitt

Romney supports an extension.
Republican leaders in the House of
Representatives say they like the
program.
ng c vin tng thng ca ng cng

ha Mitt Romney ng h cho kin tip
tc gia hn. V nhng nh lnh o ca
ng cng ha H vin cng ni rng
h ng tnh vi chng trnh ny.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 60
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
But they want to pay for it with money

from the new health care law.
Democrats have proposed other ways
to pay for it, such as ending tax breaks
for oil and natural gas companies.
Nhng h mun chi tr chng trnh

vay vn ny bng tin ca lut chm sc
sc khe mi. Ngc li nhng ngi
ng Dn ch th li ngh thanh ton
cho khon tr cp ny bng nhng
ngun khc nhau v d nh dng chnh
sch min thu cho cc cng ty xng
du.
The website edupass.org says most

loans, grants and scholarships from
public and private sources in the United
States are restricted to American
citizens.
Trang web edupass.org cho bit nhng

khon vay, tr cp v hc bng t cc
ngun ca chnh ph hay t nhn M
u cn rt hn ch i vi ngi dn
nc ny.
American schools that provide aid to

international students are more likely to
provide it to graduate students than to
undergraduates. Some students are
supported by their home university or
government.
M, cc trng h tr cho sinh vin

quc t thng h tr cho sinh vin
tt nghip i hc hn l sinh vin cn
ang trong trng i hc. Mt s sinh
vin th c tr cp t trng hoc
chnh ph t nc nh.
A small number receive support from

the United States government.
Employers, private sponsors and
international organizations also help
some students pay for school.
Cn mt s nh th nhn c tr cp t
chnh ph M. Cc ch doanh nghip,
cc nh ti tr t nhn hay cc t chc
quc t cng gp phn gip cc sinh vin
trong vic trang tri chi ph hc tp.
Edupass.org has listings of colleges and

universities that offer financial aid to
foreign students. Another helpful site
about American higher education and
financial aid is educationusa.state.gov.
Trn trang web Edupass.org c danh

sch cc trng cao ng i hc c
chng trnh h tr ti chnh cho sinh
vin quc t. Mt trang web khc rt c
ch trong vic tm thng tin v h tr ti
chnh cc bc hc sau i hc l
educationusa.state.gov.

Presutti.
Trn y l bn tin Ting Anh c bit

ca VOA, ti l Carolyn Presutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 60
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 61
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Greece and The Euro
Hy Lp v Khi Euro

Economics Report


Economics Report

The Olympic flame was lit in Greece

on May tenth. The ceremony marked
the beginning of a long trip through
Greece and Britain, which holds the
Summer Olympics this year.
Ngn la Olympic va mi c thp

ln ti Hy Lp vo ngy10 thng 5 va
qua. Nghi l ny nh du bc khi
u ca chng ng di t Hy Lp sang
Vng Quc Anh, ni s din ra th vn
hi Olympics ma h nm nay.
Greece has been at the center of a

political and economic struggle that
also threatens other European
economies.
Hy Lp v ang l trung tm ca cuc

u tranh v kinh t v chnh tr, nh
hng khng nh n cc nn kinh t
khc trong khu vc chu u.
It remains unclear if Greece will

continue using the euro, or if its
eurozone partners can enact reforms
Liu Hy Lp c tip tc s dng ng

tin chung Chu u hay cc thnh vin
ca khi Euro c th ban hnh nhng sa
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 61
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------needed to hold the currency group

together.
i cn thit tip tc duy tr khi tin

t ny hin vn cn l mt cu hi ln .
On the day the Olympic flame was lit,

Greek Socialist leader Evangelos
Venizelos began an attempt to form a
new government.
Vo ngy ngn la Olympic c thp

sng, ch tch ng x hi Hy Lp ng
Evangelos Venizelos bt u n lc
thnh lp mt chnh ph mi nc
ny.
It marked the third attempt to form a

government in the week after
parliamentary elections. Mr. Venizelos'
PASOK party finished third in the
elections.
S kin ny nh du ln th ba cc n
lc c thc hin nhm xy dng mt
chnh ph mi nc ny sau tun bu
c quc hi. ng PASOK ca ng
Venizelos ng th ba trong cuc tng
tuyn c.
First, the conservative New Democracy

party attempted to form a government
and failed. Then the leader of the leftist
Syriza coalition tried and failed.
u tin l ng Tn Dn ch Bo th
c gng thnh lp chnh ph lin minh
v tht bi. Sau lnh o lin minh
cnh t Syriza cng c gng v tht
bi ln th hai.
He said the election results showed the ng cho bit kt qu bu c cho thy
Greek people had rejected deep budget nhn dn Hy Lp phn i chnh sch ct
cuts required by international creditors. gim ngn sch qu ln c ra bi
cc nh tn dng quc t.
Budget-cutting austerity measures have
angered Greeks. The political situation
in Greece raised the possibility of the
need for an emergency coalition or
even new elections.
Chnh sch tht lng buc bng ny

lm cho nhn dn Hy Lp tc gin.
Nhng ri ren v chnh tr Hy Lp
lm gia tng nhu cu thit lp chnh ph
lin minh khn cp hoc thm ch l t
chc nhng cuc bu c mi.
The political crisis also raised the

possibility of punishment by Greece's
eurozone creditors.
Khng hong v chnh tr dn n kh

nng cc ch n ca eurozone s p dng
hnh pht vi Hy Lp.
They could deny future payments from
C th h s ngng cung cp cc khon
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 61
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the financial rescue plan that they

agreed to in February.
vay trong tng lai t cc d n cu tr

ti chnh m h tha thun vo hi
thng 2 va qua.
The agreement is worth about one

Tha thun ny c gi tr l khon n
hundred seventy billion dollars in loans 170 t la v xa n mt s khon vay
and cancelled debt.
trc .
The rescue is the second for Greece
since its debt crisis began in two
thousand nine, and bigger than the first
bailout.
y l gi cu tr th hai t cc ch n
ny vi Hy Lp k t khi cuc khng
hong n bt u t nm 2009 v ln ny
cn ln hn so vi gi cu tr th nht.
On May tenth, euro-area governments

released a five and a half billion dollar
loan to Greece.
Vo ngy 10 thng 5 va qua, chnh ph

cc nc trong khu vc Euro cho Hy
Lp vay 5,5 t la.
But Greek officials were said to have

been unhappy that over one billion
dollars was withheld.
Nhng cc quan chc Hy Lp t ra

khng hi lng v hn 1 t b gi li.
The failed efforts to form a government

raised concerns that reforms can work
in Greece. The country is now in its
fifth year of recession.
S tht bi trong cc n lc thnh lp

chnh ph lin minh Hy Lp dy ln
mi quan ngi rng cc chnh sch ny
s c hiu lc vi quc gia ny. y l
nm th 5 k t khi Hy Lp ri vo tnh
trng suy thoi.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel

said borrowing as a way to increase
growth would be a step backward.
Th tng c Angela Merkel cho rng

vic vay vn thc y tng trng l
mt phng php li thi.
The leader of Europe's biggest

economy told her country's parliament:
"Growth through structural reform is
important and necessary. Growth
through debt would throw us back to
the beginning of the crisis."
V n lnh o ca nn kinh t ln nht

khu vc Chu u ny pht biu trc
quc hi nc nh: Tng trng thng
qua ti c cu l iu rt quan trng v
cn thit. Nhng tng trng bng vic
vay n c th s ko chng ta v im
khi u trong chu k ca khng
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 61
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------khong.
Presutti. To read, listen and learn
English with stories about economics
and other topics, go to

bit ca i VOA, ti l Carolyn
Presutti. c, nghe v hc ting Anh
qua nhng tin tc kinh t v cc lnh
vc khc, mi cc bn truy cp trang
web voaspecialenglish.com.
You can also follow us on Twitter and

Cc bn c th theo di chng ti trn

Twitter hoc Facebook ti a ch Hc
ting Anh qua VOA.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 62
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'FlashFood' App Wins US Finals in

Imagine Cup for Students
ng dng FlashFood chin thng

trong vng thi chung kt ca cuc thi
Imagine Cup ca M dnh cho Sinh
vin

Technology Report

Students from Arizona State University

won top honors this spring at the
Imagine Cup finals in the United
States.
Microsoft Corporation organizes the
competition every year.
Cc sinh vin t trng i hc Tiu

bang Arizona dnh huy chng vng
vo ma xun va ri vng chung kt
cuc thi Imagine Cup c t chc ti
M.
Tp on Microsoft t chc cuc thi ny
hng nm.
The Imagine Cup asks students to use

their imaginations and their love of
technology to solve some of the world's
biggest problems.
Cuc thi Imagine Cup yu cu sinh vin

dng tr tng tng v tnh yu cng
ngh ca mnh gii quyt nhng vn
ln nht ca th gii.
More than one hundred thousand

students in the United States alone
registered for the event this year.
Ch ring M c hn 100 nghn

sinh vin ng k tham d cuc thi nm
nay.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 62
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Twenty-two teams were chosen to take

part in the finals in Seattle,
Washington.
22 i c chn tham gia vo vng

chung kt ti thnh ph Seattle,
Washington.
Team FlashFood won first place in the

Imagine Cup's Software Design
competition.
i FlashFood dnh gii nht trong

phn thi thit k phn mm Imagine
Cup.
The team developed a computer

software application and website to
help speed food donations from
restaurants, hotels and farmers markets
to needy families.
i ny pht trin mt ng dng phn

mm my tnh v trang web gip vn
chuyn nhanh nhng thc phm quyn
gp t cc nh hng, khch sn v ch
n nhng gia nh ngho i.
Eric Lehnhardt is the leader of Team

FlashFood.
Eric Lehnhardt l i trng ca i

FlashFood.
He says food insecurity affects a lot of

people, especially in large population
centers.
Anh cho bit tnh trng thiu lng thc

nh hng n rt nhiu ngi, c bit
l nhng ngi cc trung tm ng
dn.
He notes that some people do not know Anh ni thm mt s ngi khng bit
where their next meal is coming from. kim u ra ba n tip theo.
His team's winning mobile application ng dng v trang web dnh chin
and website is designed for operators of thng ca i anh c thit k cho
restaurants.
nhng ngi qun l cc nh hng.
They can enter information about the
food they would like to donate.
H c th in thng tin v thc phm

m h mun quyn gp.
Then volunteer drivers go to pick up

the donations and take them to those in
need.
Sau cc ti x tnh nguyn s n thu

thc phm v mang n cho nhng
ngi ngho.
Richard Filley is director of the

Engineering Projects in Community
Service program at Arizona State.
Richard Filley l gim c cc d n

khoa hc v dch v cng ng ca bang
Arizona.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 62
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Team FlashFood is one of the

program's thirty-seven projects.
FlashFoood l mt trong s 37 d n ca
chng trnh ny.
Richard Filley says winning the

Imagine Cup's Software design
category is a major honor.
Richard Filley cho bit chin thng trong

lnh vc thit k phn mm ca Imagine
Cup l mt vinh d ln ca i.
But, he says, it is not what energizes

his students.
Nhng anh chia s thm rng iu ny

khng phi l ng lc cho sinh vin ca
anh.
He says they want to change the world

and make a difference.
Anh cho bit h mun thay i th gii

v to nn s khc bit.
Microsoft is celebrating the tenth year

of the Imagine Cup.
Tp on Microsoft ang t chc k

nim 10 nm Imagine Cup.
Mark Hindsbo is a vice president with

the company.
ng Mark Hindsbo l ph ch tch tp

on.
He says the competition has changed a

lot since it first began.
ng cho bit cuc thi thay i nhiu

so vi ln u tin t chc.
Years ago, it mainly involved computer Cch y my nm, cuc thi ch yu

lin quan n khoa hc cng ngh v hu
science and almost all of the students
ht sinh vin u hc v khoa hc
had a computer science education.
my tnh.
Mark Hindsbo says the students who
compete now have different areas of
expertise.
ng Mark Hindsbo cho bit ngy nay

sinh vin tham d chuyn su v nhiu
lnh vc
For example, Team FlashFood had a

student who studied biomedical
engineering.
V d i FlashFood c mt sinh vin

ngnh cng ngh y sinh hc.
Sinh vin na hc chin lc kinh doanh
bn vng.
Another student studied marketing and
V mt ngi na hc khoa hc vt liu
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 62
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------sustainability. Yet another studied

material science and engineering.
v k thut.

Villarreal.

bit ca VOA, ti l Alex Villareal.
You can find more stories about the

Cc bn c th theo di nhng cu
Imagine Cup at voaspecialenglish.com. chuyn v cuc thi Imagine Cup ti trang
web voaspecialenglish.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 63
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Campaign Against Alzheimer's

Disease
Chin Dch Phng Chng Chng Mt

Tr

Health Report
y l bn tin Y t ca chng trnh

The United States government recently

announced a major education and
research campaign against Alzheimer's
disease.
Chnh ph Hoa K va mi thng qua

mt chin dch nghin cu v gio dc
nhm i ph vi chng mt tr.
The brain-wasting disease has no cure.

The plan includes more efforts to
develop drugs to prevent it.
Bnh hao mn tr nh hin nay vn cha

c phng thuc cha tr. K hoch ny
bao gm nhng n lc hn na tm
ra loi thuc phng tr chng mt tr.
In the United States, more than five

million people have Alzheimer's or
some other form of dementia.
M, hn 5 triu ngi mc chng

bnh mt tr hoc cc dng khc ca
bnh tm thn.
As the population gets older, the

number is expected to reach almost
eight million by twenty-thirty.
Khi dn s gi i, con s ny d on s
tng ln gn 8 triu ngi vo nm 2030.
By then, experts say Alzheimer's and

other dementia disorders could affect
Sau cc chuyn gia cho bit chng

mt tr v ri lon tm thn c th nh
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 63
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------as many as sixty-six million people

worldwide.
hng n 66 triu ngi trn ton th

gii.
The national Alzheimer's plan calls on

scientists to develop treatments to
prevent the disease by twenty twentyfive.
Chin dch quc gia i ph vi chng

mt tr i hi cc nh khoa hc phi tm
ra phng php ngn nga cn bnh
ny vo 2025.
Officials at the National Institutes of

Health have promised fifty million
dollars to help support that effort.
Cc nh chc trch Cc Vin Y t

Quc gia Hoa K (NIH) ha s h tr
cho d n ny 50 triu .
NIH held a conference of the nation's

top Alzheimer's researchers where NIH
Director Francis Collins discussed the
plan.
Cc vin ny t chc mt bui hi

tho do cc nh nghin cu hng u ca
M v bnh mt tr nh, ti y Gim
c NIH Francis Collins tho lun v
k hoch ny.
He said that researchers have learned

more about the disease in the past few
years than probably ever before.
ng cho bit trong 5 nm gn y cc

nh khoa hc nghin cu v cn bnh
ny nhiu hn rt nhiu so vi trc .
Early next year, scientists at the Banner

Alzheimer's Institute in Arizona plan to
begin human testing of an experimental
drug.
Trong u nm ti, cc nh khoa hc ti

Vin Banner Alzheimer Arizona d
nh s bt u th nghim mt loi
thuc th nghim trn ngi.
The drug is called crenezumab, and the

hope is it will prevent Alzheimer's. The
study will involve members of a large
extended family living in villages in the
Medellin area in Colombia.
Loi thuc ny c tn l crenezumab, v

cc nh khoa hc hy vng l n s
phng nga c bnh mt tr nh. i
tng ca nghin cu ny bao gm cc
thnh vin trong mt gia nh nhiu th
h sng cc ngi lng ca vng
Medellin thuc bang Colombia.
Some of the family members have a

rare genetic disorder that causes them
to get early-onset Alzheimer's.
Mt s thnh vin ca gia nh ny mc

phi chng ri lon him gp lin quan
n gien, chng ri lon ny lm cho h
sm mc phi chng mt tr.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 63
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
They begin to show signs of mental

loss in their mid-forties and fully
develop the disease by their early
fifties.
H bt u c du hiu ca chng mt
tr tui t tun v n u ngng ng
tun th bnh ny pht trin hon ton.
Three hundred people have agreed to

be in the study. One-third of them will
receive crenezumab.
300 ngi ng tham gia vo

nghin cu ny. 1/3 trong s h s c
nhn thuc crenezumab.
The others will be given a placebo, a

pill that does not contain any drug.
They will not know if they have been
given the drug or the placebo.
S cn li s nhn c 1 vin placebo,

l mt vin dng thuc nhng khng
cha thuc. H s khng bit vin thuc
h nhn l vin thuc tht hay vin
thuc thay th.
The study will also include a smaller

number of people in the United States.
Pierre Tariot will help lead the study,
known as a human trial.
Nghin cu ny c tin hnh trn mt

s ngi M. ng Pierre Tariot s hng
dn on nghin cu ny, cn c gi
l th nghim trn ngi.
He says all of the people have been

informed that the drug might not work
or that they might receive a placebo.
H cho bit tt c nhng ngi ny u

c thng bo l thuc c th khng c
tc dng v thuc h nhn c c th
ch l thuc trn an.
Mr. Tariot says the people still wanted

to be in the study because the disease
has affected every generation for
centuries.
ng Tariot cho bit ngi tham gia th

nghim vn mong mun c tham gia
vo nghin cu ny v cn bnh ny
nh hng n mi th h trong nhng
th k qua.
Scientists hope that if the drug works in Cc nh khoa hc hy vng rng nu vin
those facing early-onset Alzheimer's,
thuc ny c tc dng vi nhng ngi
then it might also help older adults.
c nguy c b mc chng mt tr sm,
th n cng s gip ch cho nhng ngi
ln tui hn.
The study in Colombia could take as
long as five years, but researchers
Nghin cu ny Colombia c th ko
di mt 5 nm, nhng cc nh khoa hc
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 63
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------believe they could get results in two

years.
tin rng h c th cho kt qu trong

vong 2 nm.

Presutti.

bit ca i VOA. Ti l Carolyn
Presutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 64
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Comic Book About Business

Finance
Cun Truyn Tranh V Ti Chnh

Doanh Nghip

Econimics Report

You probably have heard of comic

book heroes like Superman, Batman
and Spiderman.
Chc hn cc bn nghe v cc nhn

vt anh hng trong truyn tranh nh
Siu nhn, Ngi Di, hay Ngi Nhn.
But what about Tom the motorcycle

shop owner, Joe Knight and Karen
Berman?
Vy cn Tom, nhn vt ch ca hng xe

m t, Joe Knight v Karen Berman th
sao?
Tom, Joe and Karen all appear in a

comic book called "Financial
Intelligence." But Mr. Knight and Ms.
Berman are real people.
Tom, Joe v Karen u xut hin trong

cun truyn tranh c tn l Tr tu ti
chnh
In two thousand six, they wrote a book

called "Financial Intelligence: A
Manager's Guide to Knowing What the
Numbers Really Mean."
Vo nm 2006, h vit mt cun sch c

tn l Tr tu ti chnh: L hng dn
ca mt nh qun l c th hiu c
ngha ca nhng con s.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 64
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It was written for people who need to

learn quickly about accounting. The
book explains, in simple ways, oftencomplex methods of keeping financial
information.
Quyn sch ny c vit cho nhng

ngi cn hc cp tc v k ton. Quyn
sch ny gii thch nhng cch thc lu
gi thng tin ti chnh vn rt phc tp
bng nhng cch rt n gin.
It became a best-seller. In June,

publisher SmarterComics released a
comic book that provides the same
information in easy-to-understand,
picture form.
N tr thnh quyn sch bn chy nht.

Vo thng su va qua, nh xut bn
SmarterComics pht hnh cun truyn
tranh cung cp nhng thng tin tng t
di dng tranh d hiu.
The new book is a combination of a

textbook and a graphic novel.
Quyn sch mi ny l s kt hp gia

sch gio khoa v tiu thuyt minh ha.
It tells the story of Tom, a mechanic

who must quickly learn how to direct
the motorcycle repair shop his father
founded.
Cu chuyn k v Tom, mt cng nhn

c kh, anh ta nhanh chng hc c
cch qun l ca hng sa cha m t do
b anh li.
Tom has no experience with finance,

and is struggling with the business. Joe
Knight and Karen Berman help him.
Tom khng c kinh nghim g v ti

chnh v anh ang phi vt ln vi ca
hng . Th Joe Knight v Karen
Berman gip anh y.
Artist Dave Wachter made illustrations

for the comic book.
Ngh s Dave Wachter to nn nhng

bc tranh minh ha cho cun truyn
ny.
Franco Arda l ngi sng lp v l
gim c nh xut bn SmarterComics.
ng tng l gim c mt ngn hng
u t.
Franco Arda is the founder and head of

SmarterComics. He formerly worked
as an investment banker.
He started the company almost three

years ago with his own money. He
wanted to create educational comic
books that increase understanding.
ng thnh lp cng ty cch y gn 3

nm bng ti tin ca mnh. ng mong
mun to nn nhng cun truyn tranh
mang tnh gio dc tng tm hiu bit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 64
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Franco Arda notes that many people

grew up with comics. He says pictures
combined with written text can help
people learn an idea much more
quickly than just text alone.
Franco Arda cho bit nhiu ngi ln

ln vi nhng cun truyn tranh. ng
cho bit tranh kt hp vi ch c th
gip ngi c hiu c nhng tng
nhanh hn l ch c ch.
This explains the expression, 'a picture

says a thousand words.' "Financial
Intelligence" will help readers quickly
understand many of the major areas of
accounting.
N gii thch cho cu Mt bc hnh

ng gi hn ngn li ni. Cun sch
Tr tu ti chnh s gip ngi c
hiu nhanh hn cc vn chnh v k
ton.
The new comic book is available in

paperback. The website
Entrepreneur.com named
SmarterComics to its list of 100
Brilliant Companies of 2012.
Cun truyn tranh mi ny chin ang

c dng giy thng. Trang web
Entrepreneur.com lit k nh xut bn
SmarterComics nm vo danh sch 100
cng ty ni nht nm 2012.
The company has created comic book

versions of more than ten other books.
Nh xut bn ny cho ra i mt s
phin bn di dng truyn tranh ca
hn 10 cun sch khc.
These include "Think and Grow Rich"

by Napoleon Hill, "The Prince" by
Niccolo Machiavelli and "The Art of
War" by Sun Tzu.
Bao gm cun Suy ngh v lm giu

ca Napoleon Hill, Hong t ca
Niccolo Machiavelli v Ngh Thut
Chin Tranh ca Sun Tzu.
Later this year, SmarterComics plans to Trong khong cui nm nay,

release a comic book by rapper 50Cent. SmarterComics k hoch s xut bn
truyn tranh vi ba dy 50 cent.
Presutti.
You can read, listen and learn English
with more stories about business and
other subjects at

Presutti.
Cc bn c th c, nghe v hc ting
Anh qua nhng tin tc v thng mi
hay nhng ch khc ti trang web
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 65
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pressure in Europe Builds for

Banking Reform
p lc Chu u Vn ci cch
ngn hng

Econimics Report

Pressure for financial reform has been

building in Europe.
Sc p v ci cch ti chnh ang gia

tng Chu u.
In June, the financial services company

Moody's Investors Service reduced
Spain's credit rating. The rating was cut
from A3 to baa3.
Vo thng 6 va qua, cng ty dch v ti

chnh Moody\'s Investors Service
gim t gi tn dng ca Ty Ban Nha,
t A3 xung baa3.
That means that Moody's officials

believe the credit risk of Spanish debt
has moved from very low to moderate.
iu ny c ngha l cc quan chc ca

Moody tin rng mc ri ro tn dng t
khon n ca Ty Ban Nha chuyn
t rt thp sang mc trung bnh.
The company said it acted because

Spain is borrowing about one hundred
twenty-five billion dollars in rescue
loans for its banks.
Cng ty ny cho bit h hnh ng nh

vy v Ty Ban Nha ang vay n s tin
125 t trong khon vay cu tr cho
cc ngn hng ca h.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 65
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Debt markets punished Spain by

pushing up the interest rate on its longterm debt to about six point eight
percent.
Th trng cho vay trng pht Ty

Ban Nha v tng li sut cho khon n
di hn ln n 6,8%.
That increases Spain's borrowing costs

and hurts its already troubled economy.
Spain was not the only country to get
downgraded by Moody's.
iu ny lm tng chi ph vay n ca

Ty Ban Nha v lm nh hng n nn
kinh t vn kh khn ca n. Ty
Ban Nha khng phi l quc gia duy
nht b cng ty ny h bc.
Cyprus got the same treatment.

Recently, American Treasury Secretary
Tim Geithner spoke at the Council on
Foreign Relations in Washington.
Cng ty Cyprus cng dng bin php

tng t. Gn y, b trng Ti chnh
Hoa K Tim Geithner pht biu trc
Hi ng Quan h i Ngoi ti
Washington.
He said the increase in borrowing costs

for European countries like Spain
means European officials must move
quickly to avoid growing costs.
ng cho bit s gia tng v chi ph vay

n i vi cc quc gia Chu u nh
Ty Ban Nha cho thy mt iu l
cc quan chc Chu u s phi chuyn
i nhanh chng trnh tnh trng tng
gi.
In his words, "If you wait to move in

these things and you let the market get
ahead of you, then you increase the
costs of the solution, and you make it
harder to get there.
ng nhn mnh thm Nu chng ta ch

i chuyn i nhng quy ch ny v
cho th trng i trc, th chng ta
li phi tng chi ph gii quyt vn
, v lm cho vn tr nn kh khn
hn.
Once you decide," he said, "there is no

argument for doing it slowly."
ng ni thm, mt khi chng ta

quyt nh th khng nn bn ci vic
tin hnh vic mt cch t t.
Germany, Europe's largest economy,

has been pushing for economic reform
in the seventeen countries using the
euro.
c, nn kinh t ln nht ca Chu u,

thc y ci cch kinh t 17 quc
gia s dng ng tin chung Chu u.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 65
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------But German Chancellor Angela Merkel

has argued that her country is unwilling
to put money at risk unless banking
reform is enacted throughout the
Eurozone.
Nhng th tng c Angela Merkel

tranh lun rng nc c khng mun
mo him tin ca mnh tr khi Khu vc
S dng ng tin chung Chu u ban
hnh ci cch ngn hng i vi cc
nc thnh vin.
She warned that Germany's economic

power was not unlimited. In early June,
the European Commission proposed
steps toward a common banking policy.
B cnh bo rng sc mnh kinh t ca

c khng phi l v hn. u thng 6
va qua, y ban Chu u kin ngh
cc bc hng ti mt chnh sch
ngn hng chung.
The proposals include empowering

nations to intervene when their banks
are in trouble. But proposed changes
may also bar support for failing banks.
Nhng kin ngh ny bao gm trao

quyn cho cc quc gia c php can
thip khi ngn hng gp kh khn.
Nhng nhng thay i trong kin ngh
ny c th s ngn cn vic h tr cho
cc ngn hng yu km
Some European leaders are pressing for

an expanded European bailout fund.
Germany has resisted providing new
financial resources.
Mt s nh lnh o Chu u ang gy

sc p nhm m rng qu cu tr Chu
u. c phn i vic cung cp thm
nhng ngun ti chnh mi.
But details of any deal with big

European economies have yet to be
decided.
Nhng chi tit v bt c v tha thun

no vi cc nn kinh t ln ca Chu u
th vn cn cha c quyt nh.
Europe's financial crisis is likely to be a Khng hong ti chnh Chu u c th

major international issue in the weeks
s l vn chnh trn ton cu trong
to come.
nhng tun tip theo.
Villarreal.
Trn y l chng trinh ting Anh c

You can read, listen and learn English

with more stories about economics and
other subjects at
Cc bn c th c, nghe v hc ting
Anh vi nhng bn tin v kinh t v cc
ch khc ti trang web
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 65
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rio+20 Brings Attention to

Sustainable Development
Rio+20 Tp trung vo S Pht trin

Bn Vng

Econimics Report

Leaders and officials from more than

100 nations attended the United
Nations Conference on Sustainable
Development, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Cc nh lnh o v quan chc t hn

100 quc gia tham d hi tho ca
Lin Hp Quc v Pht Trin Bn Vng
din ra ti Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
More than 40,000 activists and political Hn 40 nghn cc nh hot ng x hi,

and business leaders were also there.
cc nh lnh o chnh tr, doanh nghip
cng tham gia hi tho ny.
The three-day conference in June
marked the twentieth anniversary of the
first UN Earth Summit, also held in
Rio.
Hi tho ko di trong ba ngy ny din

ra vo thng Su nh du l k nim 12
nm k t ngy hi ngh thng nh v
tri t ca Lin Hp Quc ln u
c t chc, cng ti thnh ph Rio
ny.
That conference helped build support

for the 1997 Kyoto agreement to
Hi tho ln gip ku gi ng h cho

hip nh Kyoto 1997 nhm gim lng
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 66
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh.
The Rio+20 conference sought to bring

attention to seven major issues. The
UN says jobs, energy and sustainable
cities are of top importance.
Hi ngh Rio+20 nhm thu ht s quan

tm n 7 vn chnh. Lin hp quc
cho bit, vic lm, nng lng v thnh
ph bn vng l nhng vn quan
trng nht.
Food security, water, oceans and

dealing with disasters are other issues
basic to lifting people out of poverty.
An ton thc phm, nc, i dng v

i mt vi nhng thm ha l nhng
vn c bn khc nhm a con ngi
thot khi tnh trng i ngho.
The mayor of New York City, Michael

Bloomberg, took part in a discussion
among mayors of some of the world's
largest cities.
Th trng ca thnh ph New York,

ng Michael Bloomberg tham gia
cuc tho lun vi cc th trng ca cc
thnh ph ln nht trn ton th gii.
They talked about measures to cut

greenhouse gasses. These gasses are
known to trap heat and have been
linked to climate change.
H bn lun v cc bin php

gim thiu kh thi gy hiu ng nh
knh. Kh ny c coi nh l mi lp
gi nhit v c lin quan mt thit n
thay i kh hu.
Cities are responsible for up to 75

percent of the gases. Mr. Bloomberg
said the world's mayors are taking the
lead on issues like the environment and
sustainability.
Cc thnh ph c trch nhim ti 75 %

tng s kh thi . ng Bloomberg cho
rng cc th trng trn th gii ang
dn u vi nhng vn nh mi
trng v s bn vng.
He said, "Even as progress at national

and international level has faltered, it's
fair to say that world cities have forged
ahead.
ng cho bit, d s xc tin trn quy

m quc gia v quy m ton th gii c
b chm tr, th cng cng bng nu
chng ta ni rng cc thnh ph ln trn
th gii ang tin trin tt.
And the reason for that is clear -mayors." He called them "the great
pragmatists on the world stage" and
said they are directly responsible for
V l do rt r rng, l cc th trng.
ng gi h l nhng ngi thc dng
trn trng quc t v h trc tip c
trch nhim vi sc khe ca phn a s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 66
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------the well-being for the majority of the

world's people.
dn trn ton th gii.
He said mayors "just don't have the

luxury to simply talk about change"
and not deliver it.
ng cho bit cc th trng khng th

ch ni v s thay i m khng thc
hin n.
Mayors reported using electric

vehicles, better street lighting and
improved waste management to reduce
cities' greenhouse emissions.
Cc th trng cho bit rng dng cc

phng tin bng in, v h thng n
in ng ph tt hn cng vi nng
cao qun l rc thi gim thiu pht
thi kh nh knh thnh ph.
Bindu Lohani is a top official with the

Asian Development Bank based in the
Philippines.
ng Bindu Lohani l mt cng chc cp

cao trong Ngn Hng Pht Trin Chu
c tr s ti Philippines.
The bank has promised billions to

sustainable development. Mr. Lohani
said Asia's fast growth places heavy
pressure on the environment and
society.
Ngn hng ny ha s u t hng t

ng cho k hoch pht trin bn vng.
ng Lohani cho bit s pht trin nhanh
chng ca Chu gy nn sc p
nng n i vi mi trng v x hi.
He said the bank predicts that by 2050,

more than 50 percent of the global
economy will be in Asia.
ng chia s ngn hng ny d on rng

vo nm 2050, hn 50% kinh t ton
cu s thuc v Chu .
Some environmental activists

complained that there were many
promises of action at the Rio+20
conference, but few clear targets for
reducing pollution and the use of
natural resources.
Mt s nh hot ng mi trng than

phin rng c rt nhiu ha hn hnh
ng ti hi tho Rio+20, nhng vn
cha c nhiu mc tiu r rng cho vic
hn ch nhim v s dng ti nguyn
thin nhin.

Presutti. To learn more about the
Rio+20 conference, go to

Presutti. tm hiu thm v hi tho
Rio+20, mi cc bn truy cp trang web
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
You can also share your thoughts about

the meeting. And you can read, listen
and learn English with our programs
and activities.
Cc bn c th chia s nhng suy ngh

ca mnh v cuc hi tho ny. V cc
bn c th c, nghe v hc ting Anh
vi cc chng trnh v hot ng ca
chng ti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 67
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Microsoft Competes Against Apple

With New Tablet
Microsoft tung ra my tnh bng cnh

tranh vi Apple

Technology Report

Microsoft has announced its first tablet

computer. The device, called the
Surface, is designed to compete
directly with the popular iPad.
Tp on Microsoft va cho ra i sn
phm my tnh bng u tin ca mnh.
C tn gi l Surface (B mt), sn phm
ny c thit k cnh tranh trc tip
vi sn phm ni ting iPad.
The computer software maker

announced its new tablet in June at a
media event in Los Angeles.
Nh ch to phn mm ca dng my
tnh ny cng b chic my tnh bng
mi ca h vo hi thng 6 va qua
trong s kin truyn thng Los
Angeles.
Microsoft will offer two versions of the

Surface. Each has a different processor.
The Surface for Windows RT runs on
an ARM processor.
Microsoft s tung ra hai phin bn ca

Surface. Mi phin bn c mt b vi x
l khc nhau. Surface dng cho window
RT chy trn b vi x l ARM.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 67
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It is less powerful than the Surface for

Windows 8 Pro, which uses an Intel
processor.
Tnh nng b vi x l ny km hn
Surface dng Window 8 pro, s dng b
vi x l Intel
The RT is also thinner and weighs less

than the Pro. Either tablet weighs no
more than nine hundred grams.
B vi x l RT mng hn v nh hn
Pro. C hay loi my tnh bng u nng
khng qu 900g.
Both have screens that are about

twenty-seven centimeters in size. That
is a little bigger than the iPads screen.
C hai u c mn hnh 27cm. To hn

mt cht so vi mn hnh iPad.
Microsoft has not said exactly when the

new Surface will appear in stores. But,
it is expected to be sometime in
September or October.
Microsoft cha cng b chnh xc thi

gian Surface s c by bn. Nhng
ngi ta d on l vo khong thng 9
hoc thng 10.
cng l thi im cng ty ny cng

This is about the same time that the
d tnh s ra mt h iu hnh win 8
company plans to release its new
Windows 8 computer operating system. mi.
Brenda Estrella owns a laptop
computer. She has been considering
switching to a tablet.
Brenda Estrella s hu mt chic my

tnh xch tay. C ang cn nhc chuyn
sang dng my tnh bng.
She says for her the iPad is more of an

entertainment device.
C cho bit iPad vi c khng ch l

mt thit b gii tr.
In her words, if Microsoft is coming

out with a tablet that actually you can
type, and actually do different things
other than just swipe, then that would
be better."
C ni, nu Microsoft cho ra i my

tnh bng m bn c th nh my v
thc s c ch hn ngoi chc nng gii
tr, th n s tt hn.
Many technology lovers, including

Catherine Clinch, are excited about the
new device.
Nhiu ngi yu cng ngh bao gm

Catherine Clinch, rt thch th vi chic
my tnh bng mi ny.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 67
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
She points out that it stands by itself,

you don't have buy a stand.
C y cho bit chic my tnh ny c th

t ng c, bn khng cn phi mua
thm chn ta cho my.
Also there is a keyboard that can also

act as a cover. Those are all wonderful
things, she said.
Ngoi ra, bn phm ng chc nng lm

mn bc ngoi lun l nhng im
rt hay.
But what interests her most is the

potential to get rid of the netbook, to
get rid of the laptop, to maybe even
down the line get rid of the full
computer."
Nhng iu khin ti thch th nht l,

ti c th khng cn n netbook, laptop
hoc c th khng dng my tnh na
Fox Van Allen is a technology expert.

He agrees the Surface seems to have
more to offer than the iPad.
Fox Van Allen l mt chuyn gia cng

ngh. ng ng rng Surface c nhiu
tnh nng hn iPad.
He says It's a device that almost

serves as a replacement for a PC."
Anh cho bit n gn nh l mt thit b

c th thay th cho chic my tnh c
nhn.
Surface c tung ra cnh tranh vi

The Surface is meant to compete with
the iPad. But not everyone is sure it is a iPad. Nhng khng ai dm chc liu n
c tt hn khng.
better product.
John Ayala says he is glad there is a
competitor but he is sticking with his
Apple.
John Ayala cho bit anh rt vui v c mt

i th vi Apple, nhng anh s vn
trung thnh vi Apple.
For years, Microsoft made software,

not computers. A few earlier attempts
by the company to make and sell
hardware products failed.
Trong nhiu nm, Microsoft ch to

phn mm, khng phi l my tnh. Mt
vi n lc ch to v bn cc sn phm
phn cng ca cng ty ny trc b
tht bi.
That included the Zune music player. It Bao gm my nghe nhc Zune. N
khng th cnh tranh vi iPod ca
could not compete against Apples
Apple.
iPod.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 67
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estimates place the value of the tablet

computer market at about seventy-nine
billion dollars this year. Microsoft
hopes to capture a share of that market
with its latest device.
c tnh trong nm nay gi tr ca th

trng my tnh bng khong 79 t la. Microsoft hy vng s chim c mt
th phn trong th trng my tnh bng
vi sn phm mi ny.
For VOA Special English, Im Mario

Ritter.
Trn y l bn tin t chng trnh ting

Anh c bit ca i VOA, ti l Mario
Ritter.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 69
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some Websites Judge You by the

Kind of Computer You Use
Mt s trang web nh gi khch

hng da trn loi my tnh m h s
dng

Technology Report

Recently the Wall Street Journal had a

report about the online travel company
Orbitz.
Gn y Nht bo Ph Wall c mt
bo co v cng ty du lch trc tuyn
Orbitz.
The newspaper said Orbitz shows Mac

users higher-priced travel choices at the
top of search results than users of
Windows.
T bo ny cho bit Orbitz nhng

la chn du lch gi cao ngay u mc
kt qu tm kim ca ngi dng Mac
hn l ngi dng Windows.
The company began doing this after

research suggested that people who use
Mac computers spend up to thirty
percent more for hotels than people
with PCs.
Cng ty ny bt u thc hin iu ny

sau khi mt nghin cu xut rng
ngi dng my tnh Mac chi vo tin
khch sn nhiu hn 30% so vi ngi
dng my tnh bn.
Former Orbitz employee Cameron
Mt nhn vin c ca Orbitz- ng
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 69
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Yuill is chief executive of a digital

media and technology company called
AdGent.
Cameron Yuill hin l ch tch ca cng

ty truyn thng in t AdGent .
He says, "Mac users tend to be more

affluent than PC users, so why not
target them with the messages that are
going to resonate with them?"
ng cho hay Ngi dng Mac thng

kh gi hn so vi ngi dng my bn,
vy ti sao khng gi n h thng ip
m s rt thu ht h.
This kind of price discrimination is also

known as dynamic pricing. Cameron
Yuill says it is a very common
marketing tool, especially in the travel
industry.
Kiu phn bit i x gi c ny cn

c gi l nh gi chc nng. Cameron
Yuill cho bit y l mt cng c qung
co ph bin, c bit l trong ngnh du
lch.
He puts it this way, "Next time you're

on a flight, ask the person next to you
what they paid for their ticket."
ng ni Ln sau khi bn trn mt

chuyn bay, th hy hi ngi bn cnh
rng h mua v my bay ht bao nhiu.
V d, nu bn l mt l khch i cng
For example, if you are a business
traveler or you bought your ticket at the tc hoc bn mua v my bay pht
cui, th h s ly ca bn gi cao hn.
last minute, you will always get
charged more.
Cc cng ty lun thu thp thng tin v
Companies have always gathered
information about their customers. But khch hng ca h. Nhng ngy nay th
now they have a lot more ways to do it. h li cng c nhiu cch lm c
iu hn.
Eric Martin is a partner at Boost
Partners, a management consulting
company. He says a salesperson in a
store can only assume certain things
about you based on your appearance.
Eric Martin l i tc ti Boost Partners,

mt cng ty t vn qun l. ng cho bit
mt ngi bn hng trong ca hng c
th nh gi mt vi iu nht nh v
bn da trn dng v bn ngoi.
Online sellers, however, have far more

information to work with, including
information about which website
directed you to them.
Tuy nhin nhng ngi bn hng trc

tuyn h c th c c nhiu thng tin
hn nh gi v bn, v d nh thng
tin v trang web no a bn n vi
h.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 69
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eric Martin says, "The people that you Eric Martin cho bit Nhng ngi cng
deal with you online can't see you at all tc vi bn qua internet khng th nhn
physically.
thy bn trc tip.
But they know that, for instance, when
you came to Orbitz you may have been
directed there by Kayak."
Nhng h li bit c, v d nh, khi

bn n vi Orbitz th rt c th bn
c gii thiu t Kayak.
Kayak is itself a comparison site, and

that may then lead Orbitz to believe
that you're searching for deals.
Kayak bn thn n l mt trang mng so

snh, v iu ny c th lm cho Orbitz
tin rng bn ang tm kim cc mi lm
n.
Information about the referring site is

only one of the things that a site like
Orbitz will consider.
Cc thng tin v cc trang web lin quan

c th ch l mt trong nhng th m
mt trang web nh Orbitz s xem xt.
Is the person a return visitor? Which

hotels has this person viewed in the
past?
c phi l mt khch hng c?

Ngi ny tng xem nhng khch sn
no?
Websites collect this kind of

information by placing small files
known as cookies on a person's
computer.
Trang web ny s tng hp nhng thng

tin ny v sp xp thnh nhng h s
nh c gi l cookies cho my tnh c
nhn.
In the case of Orbitz, Mac and PC users

were actually given the same choices.
However, they appeared in different
orders.
i trng hp ca Orbitz, ngi dng

Mac v my tnh bn thc s c cng la
chn ging nhau. Tuy nhin chng li
xut hin th t khc nhau.
For Mac users, the higher-priced hotels Vi ngi dng Mac, nhng khch sn
showed up higher in the search results. gi cao hin th pha trn trong kt qu
tm kim.
Orbitz says ninety percent of its users
book a hotel that appears on the first
page, and mostly in the top five
Orbitz cho hay 90% ngi dng ca h

t khch sn u xut hin trang
u tin, v hu ht trong tp 5.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 69
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------listings.
Ritter.

bit ca i VOA, ti l Mario Ritter.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 70
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Good News, Bad News on Food

Prices and Production
Tin tt v tin xu v gi c v vic sn

xut lng thc thc phm

Agriculture Report

Food prices have risen sharply in the

past few years.
Gi lng thc ang tng mnh trong

nhng nm va qua.
The good news is that the rate of

increase has slowed. The bad news is
that prices will not go down anytime
soon.
Tin tt l t l tng gi din ra chm. Tin

xu l gi ca cc mt hng ny s
khng gim trong tng lai gn.
Also, the rate of global agricultural

production is slowing. But it needs to
increase 60 percent over the next 40
years to feed a growing world
population.
Thm vo , t l sn lng nng

nghip ton cu ang chm li. M l ra
n cn phi tng ln 60% trong 40 nm
ti cung cp cho lng dn s ton
cu ang tng ln.
These are some of the findings in the

OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook
2012-2021.
y l mt s bo co ca OECD v
FAO v trin vng nng nghip giai
on 2012-2021.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 70
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OECD l T chc Hp tc v Pht trin

The OECD is the Organization for
Kinh t. Cn FAO l T chc Nng
Economic Cooperation and
Development.The FAO is the Food and Lng, mt t chc ca Lin Hp Quc.
Agriculture Organization, a United
Nations agency.
FAO Director-General Jose Graziano
da Silva spoke at a news conference in
Rome last month when the report was
released.
Tng gim c FAO ng Jose Graziano

da Silva pht biu ti cuc hp bo
Rome vo thng trc khi bo co ny
c cng b.
Mr. Da Silva said the world's poorest

people will feel the greatest effects of
higher prices.
ng Da Silva cho bit nhng ngi

ngho nht trn th gii s cm nhn r
rng nht nh hng ca vic tng gi
ny.
He said for millions of people living in ng cho hay vi hng triu ngi thuc
extreme poverty, the meaning of higher din cc ngho, nh hng ca gi
lng thc cao ang rt r rng.
food prices is clear.
They might have to change their diets,
often to ones with less nutritional
value.
C th h s phi thay i ch n
ung, thng s l mt ch t dinh
dng hn.
In middle-income countries, people are

gaining weight. They are eating fewer
fruits and vegetables. And they are
eating less nutritious, and cheaper food.
nhng nc c thu nhp mc trung

bnh, th ngi dn ang b tng cn. H
n t hoa qu v rau c. V h n thc
phm t cht dinh dng hn, v r hn.
The report also shows that farmers in

poorer countries will be leading efforts
to feed an expected 9 billion people by
2050.
Bo co cng ch ra rng nng dn

nhng quc gia ngho s phi n lc
trong vic cung cp lng thc cho
khong 9 t ngi vo nm 2050.
The Outlook predicts that farmers in

Latin America, the Caribbean and subSaharan Africa will drive agricultural
production in the future.
Bn bo co ny ny d on rng nng
dn M La tinh, Caribe v Chu Phi
cn Sahara s nng cao sn lng nng
nghip trong tng lai.
Angel Gurria is chief of the OECD. He
Angel Gurria l ch tch ca OECD. ng
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 70
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------says we can feed 9 billion people by

2050 without stretching things too far.
cho bit chng ta c th cung cp cho 9

t ngi m khng cn phi m qu rng
phm vi.
But, he said, we have to organize

ourselves better. Still, there are many
problems. One-fourth of all agricultural
land is damaged.
Nhng ng cho bit, chng ta phi t

chc hiu qu hn. Hin ti vn c rt
nhiu vn . t nng nghip ang b
tn ph.
Many countries face water shortages.

And experts believe climate change is
driving increasingly unusual weather.
Nhiu quc gia ang phi i mt vi

tnh trng thiu nc. Cc chuyn gia
tin rng thay i kh hu ang dn n
thi tit bt thng tng cao.
The report says farmers need to use

more environmentally sustainable
growing methods.
Bo co cho bit nng dn cn p dng

cc bin php pht trin bn vng v mt
mi trng hn.
At the same time, it says governments

should end economically harmful
supports and invest more in agricultural
production.
ng thi bo co ny ni rng, cc
chnh ph nn chm dt cc h tr gy
tn tht kinh t v nn u t nhiu hn
vo sn xut nng nghip.
Mr. Gurria says rich and poor nations

need to treat agriculture more like a
business.That also means reducing
waste.
ng Gurria cho bit cc quc gia ngho

cn coi nng nghip nh l mt ngnh
kinh doanh. Vic ny cng s lm gim
lng rc thi.
The FAO and the OECD estimate that

about one-third of world food
production is lost.
FAO v OECD c tnh rng khong

1/3 sn lng b mt.
This is either because of poor growing

and harvesting methods, or because
people are throwing away good food.
iu ny l do hai nguyn nhn, hoc l

do phng php trng v thu hoch
cha ng hoc l do ngi dn b i
lng thc tt.
Trn y l bn tin nng nghipchng trnh ting Anh c bit ca i
VOA. Ti l Mario Ritter.

Agriculture Report. I'm Mario Ritter.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 71
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
US-China Trade: Calls for Reform
Mi quan h mu dch M- Trung:

cn phi ci cch

Economics Report

Last week, we told about a recent talk

in Washington on trade ties between
the United States and China.
Tun trc chng ti ni v cuc ta

m Washington v tht cht thng
mi gia M v Trung Quc.
Former Secretary of the Treasury

Henry Paulson spoke with Former
National Security Advisor Steve
Hadley.
Cu b trng b ti chnh ng Henry

Paulson ni chuyn vi cu c vn
an ninh quc gia ng Steve Hadley.
The two men talked about the recent

slowdown in the Chinese economy and
the need for more personal spending in
China.
Hai v tho lun v s i xung ca

nn kinh t Trung Quc thi gian gn
y v thit nhu cu chi tiu c nhn
nhiu hn Trung Quc.
They also discussed the need for China

to reform its state-owned companies.
These companies often operate with
Ngoi ra hai v cng tho lun v s cn

thit i vi Trung Quc trong vic ci
cch cc cng ty thuc s hu nh nc.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 71
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------low interest loans and a lot of help

from the government.
Nhng cng ty ny thng hot ng

vi khon vay li sut thp v vi nhiu
tr gip t chnh ph.
In July, President Obama said China

was creating "an unfair playing field"
in its car industry. That same month,
the Obama administration requested
talks, or consultations, at the World
Trade Organization.
Vo thng 7, tng thng Obama pht

biu, Trung Quc ang to nn mt sn
chi bt cng bng trong ngnh cng
nghip t. Cng thng , chnh quyn
Obama yu cu cc cuc ta m v
hi t t chc thng mi th gii.
The United States says China has

unfairly placed more than $3 billion in
taxes on imports of American-made
cars.
M cho rng Trung Quc nh thu

hn 3 t ln xe hi nhp khu t M
mt cch khng cng bng.
Officials say increasing the price of

imports helps Chinese carmakers.
Mister Paulson said Chinese
government aid for state-owned
companies, like oil companies and
carmakers, will end up hurting China's
economy.
Cc quan chc cho hay tng gi nhp

khu s gip ch cho cc cng ty sn xut
xe hi Trung Quc. ng Paulson ni
rng chnh ph Trung Quc h tr
cho cc cng ty nh nc, nh cng ty
du kh v xe hi, v chnh iu ny s
gy tn hi cho nn kinh t nc ny.
Mr. Paulson said this: "The only way

that the Chinese are going to be able to
successfully make the transition that
they're going to need to make to an
economy that's much more efficient is
by continuing to reform the state
owned enterprises."
ng Paulson ni Cch duy nht

Trung Quc c th thc hin c bc
chuyn thnh cng kinh t hot ng
hiu qu hn l tip tc ci cch cc
doanh nghip nh nc.
He said these state-owned companies

need to compete fairly "without all the
subsidies and the special benefits."
ng cho bit cc doanh nghip nh nc

cn phi hon ton cng bng, khng c
tr cp hay cc ch u i c bit.
Chinese exports to the United States

remain strong. Demand for Chinese
goods rose more than 11 percent in
June.
Hng xut khu t Trung Quc sang M

vn duy tr mnh. Nhu cu hng Trung
Quc tng hn 11% vo thng 6.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 71
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
And China says total trade so far this

year is nearly $2 trillion. That is up
eight percent. China's strong imports
have helped the country raise millions
out of poverty.
V Trung Quc cho hay tng mu dch

cho n nm nay gn 2 t t . Tng
8%. Nhp khu mnh ca Trung Quc
gip hng triu ngi quc gia ny
thot khi tnh trng ngho i.
These gains were noted at human rights

talks in July between the United States
and China. But, American officials say
political reforms in China have been
slow.
Nhng thnh tu c nhc n

trong cuc ta m v nhn quyn gia
M v Trung Quc. Tuy nhin cc quan
chc M li cho rng cc ci cch chnh
tr Trung Quc vn cn rt chm tr.
The head of the American delegation,

Assistant Secretary of State Michael
Posner noted China's economic gains.
Trng on i biu M, tr l ca b
trng ngoi giao ng Michael Posner
cp n nhng thnh tu v kinh t
m Trung Quc t c.
But he said political reforms in the

country have not kept up with its
economic changes. He said the human
rights situation in China continues to
get worse.
Nhng theo ng th cc ci cch chnh

tr quc gia ny khng theo kp vi cc
thay i kinh t. ng cho rng tnh trng
nhn quyn Trung Quc tip tc tr
nn ti t hn.
Mr. Posner said: "Like people

everywhere, Chinese people want to be
treated with dignity. This means they
seek economic opportunity and jobs.
ng Posner ni ging nh bt c u,
ngi dn Trung Quc mun c i
x vi thi tn trng. Ngha l h tm
kim nhng c hi kinh t v tm kim
vic lm.
At the same time, they seek a lawful

way to voice legitimate grievances and
have a meaningful role in the political
development of their own society."
ng thi, h tm kim con ng

chnh ng by t ni bt bnh v
c mt vai tr ngha trong pht trin
chnh tr trong x hi ca h.

Economics Report. I'm Carolyn
Presutti.
Trn y l bn tin kinh t ca i VOA,

ti l Carolyn Presutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 72
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using Art to Make Summer School

More Interesting
Dng ngh thut bin ma h

trng tr nn th v hn

Education Report

June, July and August are vacation

months for most American
schoolchildren. But some students pay
a high price for that long summer
break.
Thng 6, thng 7, thng 8 l nhng

thng ngh h ca hu ht hc sinh M.
Tuy nhin mt s hc sinh phi tr gi
t cho k ngh h di .
They may forget much of what they

learned over the past year by the time
they start the next grade. This problem
is often called the summer learning
gap.
Bn tr c th qun nhiu kin thc

hc trong nm trc khi bc vo u
nm hc mi. Vn ny thng c
gi l l hng kin thc qua k ngh h.
Growing efforts across the country aim

to deal with this gap by offering more
interesting summer school programs.
N lc ngy cng gia tng trn nc M

nhm mc ch i ph vi vn ny
bng vic to ra nhiu chng trnh hc
h th v cho hc sinh.
Some students already attend summer

school. But that is often because they
received bad grades during the regular
Mt s hc sinh tham gia hc h

trng. Nhng ch yu l do cc em b
im thp trong nm hc chnh.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 72
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------school year.
At Bushman Elementary in Dallas
recently, students read out loud about
communities in a third-grade social
studies class.
Ti trng tiu hc Bushman Dallas

gn y mt s hc sinh thng nu cao
tinh thn tp th trong lp hc cc mn
x hi lp 3.
But the nine- and 10-year-olds were

also studying art. Visual arts instructor
Ron Oliver works to combine the two
subjects.
Nhng tr em 9, 10 tui cn c hc c
ngh thut na. Gio vin mn ngh
thut trc quan Ron Oliver c gng
kt hp hai mn hc .
"The kids that never get it," he says,

"like the 30 percent that always
struggle on testing--they thrive in this
kind of atmosphere."
ng ni Bn tr s chng bao gi hiu

c, 30% hc sinh lun phi vt ln
trong cc k thi- chng s tin b hn
trong mi trng nh th.'
Ron Oliver says some kids just learn

differently. In addition to reading, the
students expressed themselves in
picture form by drawing community
scenes.
ng Ron Oliver cho bit mt s hc

sinh hc bng nhiu cch khc nhau.
Ngoi vic c sch, hc sinh cn th
hin mnh qua tranh v quang cnh cng
ng xung quanh.
One boy told us he was expressing his

feeling through drawing. "You only use
the pictures," added one girl. She said
pictures can tell the words for you.
Mt cu b ni vi chng ti rng
cu b th hin cm xc ca cu qua
vic v tranh. Mt hc sinh n ni thm
Bn ch cn dng tranh nh. C b ni
tranh nh c th th hin c nhng g
chng ta mun ni.
"You don't need words," She said.

Their teacher is Gloria Pegram. She has
taught elementary school for 15 years.
She says art helps with memory.
C ni thm Bn khng cn phi th

hin bng li. Gio vin ca h l
Gloria Pegram. C dy trng tiu
hc c 15 nm. C cho bit ngh thut
gip ch rt nhiu cho vic ghi nh.
Gloria Pegram says teachers even try to

be creative with math. She says
teachers try to use a hands-on activity
whenever possible to help students
Gloria Pegram chia s, cc gio vin c

gng sng to hn trong mn ton. C
cho bit cc gio vin c gng s dng
nhng hot ng si ni bt c khi no
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 72
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------remember better.
c th nhm gip hc sinh ghi nh tt

hn.
Gloria Pegram says students who do

not take summer enrichment classes
often need to relearn lessons when they
return in the fall.
C Gloria Pegram cho bit nhng hc

sinh khng tham gia vo cc lp hc bi
dng h ny thng phi hc li bi
khi h quay tr li trng hc vo ma
thu.
This is especially true of low-income

students. They are less likely, for
example, to live near public libraries
offering books to read and special
summer reading programs.
iu ny c bit ng i vi nhng
hc sinh trong gia nh thu nhp thp.
Chng t khi c sng gn cc th vin
cng cng ni c nhiu u sch c
v nhng chng trnh c sch c bit
vo ma h.
Ed Pauly is director of research and

evaluation at the Wallace Foundation.
The nonprofit group has invested $50
million to study which programs work
best to prevent summer learning loss.
Ed Pauly l gim c phng Nghin cu

v nh gi ti t chc Wallace. T
chc phi li nhun ny u t 50 triu
la vo vic nghin cu tm ra chng
trnh ph hp nht ngn chn s ri
rt kin thc vo dp h.
Ed Pauly says poor kids can lose as

much as three months of learning over
the summer. He says one promising
method has been to include art in
summer programs.
ng Ed Pauly ni rng nhng tr em

ngho c th mt n 3 thng hc b
li dp h. ng ni thm mt phng
php rt kh thi p dng ngh thut
trong cc chng trnh h.
Ed Pauly told us teaching through the

arts gets kids excited about being in
school every day. And the arts use
reading and math.
Ed Pauly chia s vi chng ti dy hc

thng qua cc mn ngh thut lm cho
bn tr thch th n trng mi ngy.
V ngc li dy ngh thut thng qua
mn c v ton.
So they are a great way to tie together

learning experiences. For VOA
Learning English, I'm Laurel Bowman.
y l cch hay kt hp nhng kinh

nghim vi nhau dy hc. Trn y
l chng trnh Hc Ting Anh ca i
VOA, ti l Laurel Bowman.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 73
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Uneven Signs of Growth in the

Transport Industry
Du hiu tng trng khng ng u

trong ngnh vn ti

Economics Report

A look at some industries in the United

States shows that the economic
recovery is uneven. And growth seems
to be slowing down.
Nhn vo mt s ngnh cng nghip ti

M ta thy rng s hi phc kinh t din
ra khng ng u. V s tng trng c
v nh ang chm li.
We spoke with experts in the

transportation industry, which is easily
affected by economic changes.
Economists say trucks carry nearly 70
percent of the freight, or goods,
transported in the United States.
Chng ti ni chuyn vi cc chuyn

gia trong ngnh vn ti, ngnh rt d b
nh hng do cc thay i ca nn kinh
t. Cc nh kinh t ni rng cc xe ti
chuyn ch gn 70% lng hng ho
c vn chuyn M.
The American Trucking Association

represents the interests of the trucking
industry. It says freight is a good
Hip hi vn ti ng b M cng
b li nhun ca ngnh cng nghip vn
ti. H cho bit hng ha l mt cng c
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 73
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------measure of the economy.
o lng tt ca nn kinh t.
This is because businesses have to

move unprocessed materials, carry
parts to factories, and transport imports
and exports.
Bi v cc doanh nghip phi vn chuyn

nhng hng ha cha ch bin, a cc
b phn n nh my v vn chuyn
hng xut nhp khu.
Bob Costello is the chief economist for

the group. He says the trucking
industry is a leading economic
indicator.
Bob Costello l mt nh kinh t u

ngnh trong nhm ny. ng cho bit
ngnh vn ti l mt ch s kinh t i
u.
That means that it helps signal what

will happen in the economy. He says it
is a good sign if the amount of goods
carried by trucks increases.
iu c ngha l n gip bo hiu

nhng g s xy ra trong ngnh kinh t.
ng cho bit s l mt du hiu tt nu
nh s lng hng ha c lu thng
tng.
And the amount of freight carried by

trucks is going up slowly. The
American Trucking Association says
total freight tonnage increased in June,
but remained unchanged in July.
V lng hng ha vn ti bng xe ti

ang tng chm. Hip hi vn ti M cho
bit tng hng ha c vn chuyn
tng vo thng Su, nhng gi nguyn
vo thng 8.
That is good news to Bob Costello. He V l tin tt cho ng Bob Costello.

says it tells him that the economy is not ng cho bit iu th hin rng nn
kinh t khng phi l ang ri vo mt
falling into another recession.
cuc khng hong khc.
Other information about economic
growth comes from air freight, or
goods transported by air.
Mt thng tin khc v tng trng kinh

t l hng ha vn chuyn bng
ng hng khng.
Recent reports show demand for air

freight fell more than three percent
around the world during July.
Nhng bo co gn y cho thy rng

nhu cu vn chuyn hng ha bng
ng hng khng gim xung hn
3% trn ton th gii trong sut thng 7.
Perry Flint is with the International Air
Perry Flint lm vic ti Hip hi Vn ti
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 73
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Transport Association. That group

represents about two hundred forty
airline companies worldwide.
Hng Khng Quc t. T chc ny i

din cho khong 240 cng ty hng
khng trn ton th gii.
It gathers information about air

passenger travel and air freight. It says
international air freight decreased in
July from the same period the year
before.
Tp on ny thu thp thng tin v hng

ha v khch hng hng khng. H cho
bit hng ha hng khng quc t
gim vo thng 7 so vi cng k nm
ngoi.
But other signs show increases. The

same report shows that passenger
traffic increased over three percent
from last year.
Nhng mt s du hiu khc th hin s

tng trng. Cng bn bo co cho
bit giao thng hnh khch tng hn
3% trong nm qua.
That may be why a top official of

Cambria Suites Hotels says all travel,
not just business travel, is strong.
C l l l do ti sao mt cng chc

u ngnh v lnh vc khch sn
Cambria Suites li ni rng tt c cc
chuyn i, khng ring g cc chuyn i
cng vic u duy tr kh mnh.
Michael Murphy says, "We are seeing Michael Murphy cho bit, chng ta ang
the highest demand in the history of the thy nhu cu ang mc cao nht trong
lch s ngnh cng nghip khch sn
hotel industry right now."
hin nay.
Conflicting economic signs have made
it difficult for economists to predict
future growth.
Cc du hiu kinh t i lp lm cho

cc nh kinh t kh khn trong vic d
on s tng trng trong tng lai.
For example, government experts first

said the American economy expanded
at a yearly rate of 1.5 percent from
April to June.
V d cc chuyn gia chnh ph u tin

tin phn on rng kinh t M s m
rng theo t l hng nm l 1.5 % t
thng 4 n thng 6.
But they amended that value as new

information became available and
showed growth was higher -- more
likely a rate of 1.7 percent.
Nhng h chnh li rng gi tr m

thng tin mi a ra l c sn v s
tng trng mc cao hn, khong
1,7%.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 73
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Changes like that have made it harder

for many people to see the road ahead.
Nhng thay i nh th lm cho nhiu

ngi cm thy kh khn hn lng
trc qung ng pha trc.
For VOA Learning English, I'm Laurel

Bowman.
Trn y l chng trnh hc ting Anh

ca i VOA, ti l Laurel Bowman.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 74
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
India Defends Moves Against Social

Media
n phng ng cc ng thi chng

li

Technology Report.
y l bn tin cng ngh ca chng

The government in India is defending

itself against charges of Internet
censorship.
Chnh ph n ang t bo v mnh

trc trch nhim v cuc kim duyt
mng internet.
The move comes after the government

last week asked companies like
Facebook and Twitter to block more
than three hundred websites.
ng thi ny l do tun trc chnh ph

yu cu cc cng ty nh Facebook v
Twitter chn hn 300 trang web.
Officials accused the websites of

posting edited images and videos of
earthquake victims.
Cc quan chc t co nhng trang

web ny a ln nhng hnh nh v
video c ni dung c chnh sa v
cc nn nhn ca v ng t.
They said the websites falsely claimed

that the images were Muslim victims
caught in recent ethnic conflict in
Theo , cc trang web ny xuyn

tc rng nhng hnh nh l cc nn
nhn o hi b bt trong cuc xung t
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 74
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------India's northeastern Assam state and

Burma.
tn gio gn y ng Bc n
bang Assam v Burma.
A number of the images were

reportedly uploaded from Pakistan.
Officials said the panic that resulted
caused thousands of Hindu immigrants
to flee the area.
Mt s hnh nh c ng ti ln t
Pakistan. Cc nh chc trch cho
bitvic ny to nn ni hong lon
v khin cho hng ngn ngi ngi dn
nhp c Hindu b trn khi khu vc
ny.
They feared that Muslims would

answer the false reports with attacks of
their own.
H lo s rng nhng tn hi gio s

p li nhng tin tc sai lch bng
nhng cuc tn cng .
Lawyer Pawan Duggal says this is the

first time Internet and mobile-phone
technology have been used to create
fear in a community.
Lut s Pawan Duggal cho bit y l

ln u tin mng internet v cng ngh
in thoi di ng c s dng gy
ra s s hi vi cng ng.
He says India has to make cyber

security the top concern for the nation.
Theo ng, n phi xem an ninh

mng l mi quan tm hng u ca
quc gia.
"Unfortunately, India does not even

have a national cyber-security policy,"
he says. And there is no plan, should
this kind of emergency happen again.
ng ni thm, tic thay, n thm ch

li khng c mt chnh sch quc gia v
an ninh mng. V nu tnh trng khn
cp ny c xy ra ln na th vn khng
c ly mt k hoch c th.
Pawan Duggal also thinks India needs

an army of its own cyber warriors.
ng Pawan Duggal cn cho rng n

cn mt i qun bo v ngnh cng
ngh nc mnh.
On Friday, India's Communication and

Information Technology Minister
dismissed claims that the government
is trying to censor social media. But he
did say misuse of social media has to
be stopped.
Vo th 6 va qua, B trng Cng

ngh thng tin v truyn thng n
gt b tuyn b rng chnh ph ang
c gng kim duyt thng tin x hi.
Nhng ng cho rng vic s dng truyn
thng x hi sai mc ch phi c
ngn chn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 74
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pranesh Prakash is with the Center for

Internet and Society based in
Bangalore. He says some of the web
pages that have been blocked include
official news websites.
ng Pranesh Prakash lm vic ti Trung

tm mng v x hi tr s ti Bangalore.
ng ni rng mt s trang mng b
chn bao gm mt s trang tin tc chnh
thc.
He says the current case appears to call

for some action. But he thinks the
government has gone too far. He says
the effort is limiting good news
reporting.
ng cho hay tnh trng gn y xut

hin i hi phi hnh ng. Nhng theo
ng, chnh ph i qu xa. ng cho
rng n lc ang hn ch vic a tin
ang trong tnh trng tt.
Pranesh Prakash also says some of the

websites were uploaded by people
trying to let others know that the
images were false.
ng Pranesh Prakash cn ni thm mt

s ngi ng ti ln nhng trang
web ny v h c tnh cho mi ngi
thy rng nhng hnh nh l sai.
The government in India has called on

social media companies to come up
with a plan to keep offensive material
off the web.
Chnh ph n ku gi cc cng ty
truyn thng x hi phi a ra k
hoch khng nhng ti liu d gy
cng kch xut hin trn trang web
na.
Last year, it passed a law that requires

companies to remove so-called
"objectionable content" when requested
to do so.
Nm ngoi, chnh ph nc ny thng

qua lut yu cu cc cng ty loi b ci
gi l ni dung b phn i khi c
yu cu.
A Google report says that, last year,

India topped the list of countries that
make such requests. Supporters of
online freedom have expressed concern
that India may be restricting use of the
Web.
Mt bo co ca Google ni rng nm
ngoi n ng u trong danh
sch cc nc a ra yu cu .
Nhng ngi ng h quyn t do trc
tuyn by t quan ngi rng n c
th ang hn ch vic s dng web.
About 100 million people in India use

the Internet -- that is third most in the
world.
Khong 100 triu ngi n s

dng internet- nhiu th 3 trn th gii.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 74
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bowman.

ca VOA, ti l Laurel Bowman.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 75
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Want to Lose Weight? Try Counting

Calories
Bn mun gim cn? Th tnh hm

lng ca-lo

Technology Report.
y l bn tin cng ngh ca chng

How many calories we eat appears to

be more important than what we eat
when we eat too much.
Khi chng ta n qu nhiu, vic tiu

th bao nhiu ca-lo c v quan trng hn
vic chng ta n ci g.
l kt qu ca mt nghin cu m c
That was the finding of a new study
that should be satisfying to anyone who l s lm hi lng nhng ngi tnh
lng ca-lo kim sot cn nng.
counts calories for weight control.
More than one billion adults are
overweight. The World Health
Organization calls obesity a global
epidemic.
Hn 1 t ngi trng thnh b tha cn.

T chc y t th gii gi bo ph l
dch bnh ton cu.
Government researchers have just

reported their latest estimates for the
United States.
Cc nh nghin cu chnh ph va mi
a ra bo co v nhng c tnh mi
nht ca h v nc M.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 75
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The good news: obesity rates have not

increased much in recent years. The
bad news: they have not decreased
either.
Tin tt l: t l bo ph khng tng trong

nhng nm gn y. Tin xu l: n cng
khng h gim xung.
More than one-third of adults were

obese in two thousand nine and two
thousand ten.
Hn 1/3 ngi trng thnh b bo ph

vo nm 2009 v 2010.
Anyone who has ever tried to lose

weight knows there are all kinds of
conflicting diet plans.
Nhng ai tng c gng gim cn u

bit rng c nhng k hoch n king
mu thun vi nhau.
Some tell people not to eat

carbohydrates. Others say not to eat
fats.
Mt s ngi khuyn rng chng ta

khng nn n Hydrat-cacbon. Mt s
ngi li cho rng khng nn n nhiu
cht bo.
Still others say to eat more protein. Or

to eat less protein.
V mt s ngi khc li khuyn nn n

nhiu cht m. Hoc n t cht m i.
Dr. George Bray at the Pennington

Biomedical Research Center in
Louisiana led the new study.
Bc s George Bray lm vic ti Trung

tm nghin cu Y sinh Pennington ti
Louisiana tin hnh cuc nghin cu
mi ny.
He wanted to know if protein affects

weight gain. Twenty-five healthy
adults were in the study.
ng mun tm hiu liu m c nh

hng n vic tng cn khng. 25
ngi trng thnh khe mnh tham
gia cuc nghin cu ny.
They were overfed by almost a

thousand calories a day over an eightweek period. Calories in food are a
measure of energy.
H n hn 2000 calo mi ngy so vi

bnh thng trong thi gian l 8 tun.
Ca-lo trong thc n l thc o nng
lng.
The people followed diets with low,

normal or high levels of protein.
Normal was defined as fifteen percent
Nhng ngi tun theo ch ny vi

mc m thp, bnh thng v cao. Mc
bnh thng l mc m chim 15%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 75
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of energy from protein.
nng lng.
Dr. Bray says all of them gained

weight: "Fat storage was exactly the
same with all three levels of protein.
Bc s Bray cho bit tt c nhng ngi

tham gia ni trn u tng cn. S tch
tr cht bo bng nhau i vi 3 mc
m ni trn.
It was the calories that they ate that

affected the body fat that they stored."
Those who ate a higher percentage of
protein gained more lean body mass.
Chnh nhng calo m h n nh

hng n hm lng cht bo tch tr
trong c th. Nhng ngi n nhiu m
hn s tng lng c trong c th.
Dr. Bray says the opposite happened on

a low protein diet: "If your protein
intake's low, you'll actually lose body
mass even though you're eating an
excess amount of calories.
Bc s Bray cho bit iu ngc li xy

ra vi ch m thp: Nu lng hp
th m thp, bn s thc s gim nhiu
cn thm ch bn tiu th rt nhiu calo.
"He tells his patients to weigh

themselves regularly so they can know
quickly if they gain weight.
ng khuyn bnh nhn ca ng nn

cn thng xuyn c th th pht hin
nhanh nu nh b tng cn.
His study appeared in the Journal of the Nghin cu ca ng xut hin trong
chuyn ca Hip hi y khoa M.
American Medical Association.
Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian at the Harvard
School of Public Health studies the
relationship between diet and
conditions like heart disease and
diabetes.
Bc s Dariush Mozaffarian ti i hc
Y t cng ng Harvard ang nghin
cu v mi quan h gia ch n v
bnh tt nh cc bnh v tim mch v
tiu ng.
He says, "We don't need to go down a ng cho bit, Chng ti khng cn

list of 'avoid this, avoid that' -- become, ra mt danh sch cn phi trnh ci ny,
trnh ci kia ging nh mt iu l v
you know, food police.
thc phm.
It's really actually mostly foods that
should be increased. It's fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, fish,
vegetable oils and nuts."
C nhng loi thc phm cn phi c

tng thm. l hoa qu, rau, ng cc
cha ry, c, du thc vt v qu hch.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 75
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
He says increasing these six foods by

about one serving each day would
reduce obesity and help slow the
epidemic of obesity-related diseases.
Theo ng, tng mt phn nh 6 loi thc

phm ny mi ngy th s gim bo ph
v s gip lm chm nn dch ca cc
bnh lin quan n bo ph.

Villarreal. You can find a video about
the study at voaspecialenglish.com.

Cc bn c th tm xem cc video
hc tp trn trang
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 4
Bi 76
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In Cambodia, Recycling Cooking Oil Ti ch du n thnh diesel sinh hc

Campuchia
Into Biodiesel
From VOA Learning English, this is
the Agriculture Report in Special
English .
Chng trnh hc ting Anh ca i

VOA, y l bn tin Nng nghip ca
chng trnh ting Anh c bit.
A small non-profit company in

Cambodia is turning used cooking oil
into high-quality biodiesel fuel.
Mt cng ty phi li nhun quy m nh

Campuchia ang ti ch du n s
dng thnh nhin liu diesel sinh hc
cht lng cao.
The idea is to reduce air pollution

caused by low-quality diesel made
from petroleum.
tng ny nhm gim bt s nhim

khng kh gy ra bi diesel cht lng
thp c lm t du th.
In Cambodia, heavy trucks usually use

petroleum diesel. So do many older
cars.
Campuchia, nhng xe ti nng thng

dng du diesel. V cc xe ti c cng
vy.
The diesel sold in Cambodia is a highsulfur fuel. It is banned in more
Diesel c bn Campuchia l nhin

liu c cha lu hunh cao. N b cm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 76
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------developed countries.
cc nc pht trin.
Experts say diesel exhaust is a big part

of air pollution in the country. And air
pollution causes lung disease and other
respiratory problems.
Cc chuyn gia cho bit kh thi t diesel

chim mt phn ln trong vic nhim
khng kh trn t nc chng ta. V
nhim khng kh gy nn cc bnh v
phi v cc vn v h hp.
Naga Biodiesel was set up in 2008 to

provide a cleaner fuel choice. The
company produces high quality
biodiesel at a small factory in
Northwest Cambodia.
Cng ty Naga Biodiesel c thnh lp

nm 2008 nhm cung cp ngun nhin
liu sch hn. Cng ty ny sn xut
diesel sinh hc cht lng cao ti mt
nh my nh Ty Bc Campuchia.
Most of the oil is supplied by local

restaurants at no cost. The restaurants
then buy back the biodiesel at a 40
percent discount, or reduced price.
Hu ht du y c cung cp min
ph bi cc nh hng trong nc. Sau
cc nh hng ny mua du li vi gi
thp hn 40%.
The cooking oil is washed, and cleaned Du n ny c lm sch v loi b

cc cht gy nhim trc khi c ch
to remove contaminants before being
bin thnh diesel.
processed into diesel.
And the process of making biodiesel
has a useful by-product, glycerin,
which can be used as a cleaner.
V qu trnh sn xut diesel s to ra

mt sn phm ph l glycerin, cht
ny c th dng lm cht ty ra.
The founder of Naga Biofuels says

biodiesel burns cleaner in engines and
helps improve the air quality in the
fast-growing city Siam Reap.
Ngi sng lp t chc Naga Biofuels

cho bit diesel sinh hc t chy cht
ty trong ng c v gip nng cao cht
lng kh trong thnh ph pht trin
nhanh Siam Reap ny.
Providing used cooking oil to biodiesel

producers makes sense to restaurants
too.
Cung cp du n s dng cho cc nh

sn xut diesel cng mang li li ch cho
cc nh hng.
The manager of a restaurant in Siem

Reap called The Blue Pumpkin says he
does not have to worry about what to
Qun l nh hng Blue Pumpkin Siem

Reap cho bit anh ta khng cn phi lo
lng v vic x l s du n qua s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 76
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------do with used cooking oil anymore.
dng na.
He adds, the whole service is very

clean and professional. Naga Biofuels
wants to increase production to 10,000
liters by 2013.
Anh ni thm, ton b dch v ny u

rt sch s v chuyn nghip. Naga
Biofuels mun nng sn lng ln
10.000 lt vo nm 2013.
The business plans to provide its

service in environmentally-sensitive
areas, where low-quality diesel can
cause damage.
Doanh nghip ny d nh cung cp

dch v ny cc vng nhy cm v mi
trng ni diesel cht lng thp c th
gy ra mi nguy hi.

Bowman.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 77
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'Car Index' as a Measure of

Economic Progress for Middle Class
Ch s xe hi- cng c nh gi
tin trnh kinh t ca tng lp trung
lu

the Economics Report in Special
English.
Chng trnh hc ting Anh ca i

VOA, y l bn tin Kinh t pht trn
chuyn mc ting Anh c bit.
The International Monetary Fund says

worldwide growth is weaker than
expected because of economic
concerns in Europe and the United
States.
Qu tin t quc t (IMF) cho hay s

pht trin trn ton quc ang b yu hn
so vi d tnh v nhng vn v kinh
t M v Chu u.
But there is some positive news. The

number of cars being made is on the
rise. That is a sign that the world's
economy is moving in the right
direction.
Tuy nhin c mt tin kh kh quan. S

lng xe hi c sn xut ang c
chiu hng tng. l mt du hiu
th hin nn kinh t th gii ang i
ng hng.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 77
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measuring economic progress,

especially for groups like the middle
class, is not easy.
nh gi tin trnh kinh t, c bit l

cho cc nhm tng lp trung lu l
vic khng h d dng.
But a little known economic indicator

is beginning to gain acceptance.
Nhng c mt ch s kinh t ang dn

chim c s ng tnh ca a s.
The so-called "car index" is an attempt

to measure the world's middle class
based on the number of people who
own cars.
Ci gi l ch s xe hi l s mt n
lc nhm nh gi tng lp trung lu
trn ton th gii da vo s ngi s
dng xe hi.
Experts say that the number of people

who own cars in the developing world
is rapidly increasing.
Cc chuyn gia cho hay s ngi s

dng xe hi cc t nc ang pht
trin ang tng ln mt cch nhanh
chng.
That is because there are about 70

countries with a population of about 3
billion people who are quickly
approaching an important income level:
$4,000 per person.
l v c khong 70 quc gia vi dn

s khong 3 t ngi, h ang nhanh
chng t mc thu nhp quan trng:
4000 USD/ ngi.
Experts say when that level is reached,

a country's middle class increases very
quickly.
Cc chuyn gia cho bit khi t n mc

ny, th tng lp trung lu ca t nc
s tng rt nhanh.
This rise in average income means

greater demand for goods that are
considered non-essential.
Thu nhp ca nhm c thu nhp bnh

qun tng ngha l nhu cu nhng mt
hng c coi l khng thit yu cng
tng ln.
And many of these goods are produced

in Japan, Germany and the United
States.
V nhiu trong s mt hng c sn

xut t Nht, c v M.
The International Monetary Fund says

consumer spending in developed
nations has fallen since the economic
Qu tin t quc t cho bit chi tiu ca

ngi tiu dng cc quc gia pht trin
gim mnh t sau khi suy thoi kinh
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 77
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------downturn of 2008.
t vo nm 2008.
The fund's managing director, Christine

Lagarde, points to the debt crisis in
Europe and problems in the United
States economy as threats to global
economy.
Gim c qu ny, ng Christine

Lagarde cho rng cuc khng hong n
chu u v cc vn kinh t M l
nhng mi e da i vi nn kinh t
th gii.
Growth could be slower than the IMF

had predicted earlier in the year.
S tng trng ny c th chm hn so

vi d on ca IMF vo nm trc.
On the other hand, recent studies show

consumer spending in developing
countries has increased three times
faster than in developed economies.
Mt khc, cc nghin cu gn y li ch
ra rng chi tiu khch hng cc t
nc ang pht trin tng nhanh gp 3
ln so vi cc nn kinh t pht trin.
For VOA Learning English, I'm

Carolyn Presutti.

ca i VOA, ti l Carolyn Presutt.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 78
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Struggle With Epilepsy in the

Developing World
N lc chng li bnh ng kinh

nhng nc ang pht trin

the Health Report in Special English.
Chng trnh hc ting Anh ca VOA,

y l bn tin Y t ca chng trnh
ting Anh c bit.
About half of all people live in

countries that are low or lower middle
income. But these countries have more
than 85 percent of all cases of epilepsy.
Khong mt na dn s sng nhng

quc gia c thu nhp thp hoc trung
bnh thp. Nhng nhng t nc li
chim n 85% cc trng hp b ng
kinh.
Medical experts say this is probably

because of the higher rates of brain
infections and head injuries that can
cause the disorder.
Cc chuyn gia y t cho hay bnh ny c

th do t l nhim trng no cao hn
hoc chn thng u c th gy nn
tnh trng ri lon .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 78
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
People in developing countries are also Nhng ngi sng nhng t nc

more likely to die of untreated epilepsy ang pht trin d c kh nng t vong
do bnh ng kinh khng c cha tr
than people in richer countries.
cao hn nhng ngi t nc giu c
hn.
Deaths often result from a series of
seizures. The Lancet medical journal in
Britain just published a special issue on
epilepsy in the world's poorer regions.
T vong thng l do b tai bin mch

mu lin tc. Trang bo y t Lancet
Anh va mi xut bn s bo c bit v
chng ng kinh nhng khu vc
ngho hn trn th gii.
The report explains that epilepsy can be

inherited. It can also be caused by
infections, birth traumas, head injuries
or strokes.
Bo co ny gii thch rng chng ng

kinh c th do di truyn. N cn c th
do nhim trng, kh sinh, chn thng
vng u hoc c th do t qu.
Epilepsy can affect people in different

ways. He or she may have
hallucinations, lose consciousness or
go stiff, fall down and begin to shake
violently.
Chng ng kinh cn c th nh hng

n con ngi theo nhiu cch khc
nhau. Bnh nhn s mc chng o gic,
mt thc hoc ri vo trng thi ,
ng xung v bt u co git d di.
People with epilepsy have a hard time

for finding jobs or spouses. In some
societies, families may be avoided if
one of their members has epilepsy.
Ngi mc bnh ng kinh gp kh

khn tm vic v tm bn i. mt
s quc gia, gia nh cn c th b k th
nu trong gia nh c thnh vin b ng
kinh.
But the Lancet points out that epilepsy

can often be controlled with medicine
that does not cost very much.
Nhng trung tm Lancet ch ra rng

bnh ng kinh thng c kim sot
bi loi thuc m gi thnh khng cao
lm.
According to the report, seizures can be Theo bo co ny, cc cn tai bin c

th b khng ch bng loi thuc ch 5
controlled or reduced with medicine
that costs between five and 10 dollars a n 10 la 1 nm.
year.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 78
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In poorer areas of the world, health

professionals are working to help
people get access to these drugs and
managing the side effects of the
medicines.
nhng vng ngho hn trn th gii,

cc chuyn gia y t ang n lc gip
ngi dn c th tip cn c vi loi
thuc ny v h ang hn ch cc tc
dng ph ca thuc.
People with epilepsy often do not know Bnh nhn mc bnh ng kinh thng
that they have it or that it can be
khng thc c mnh ang mc bnh
controlled with medicine.
v cng khng bit rng bnh ny c th
kim sot c bng thuc.
So health professionals say their first
aim is to educate people about the
disorder.
V vy cc chuyn gia y t cho rng mc

tiu trc tin ca h l gio dc ngi
dn v chng ri lon ny.
The Lancet report says that prevention

efforts could reduce the number of
epilepsy cases in Africa by half.
Bo co ca Lancet cho hay cc n lc

nhm ngn chn ny c th gim mt
na s ca b ng kinh Chu Phi.
For VOA Learning English, I'm Alex

Villarreal.

ca VOA, ti l Alex Villareal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 79
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Teaching Children About the Value

of Money
Dy Tr v Gi Tr Ca ng Tin

English.

y l bn tin kinh t ca chuyn mc
ting Anh c bit.
Many children first learn the value of

money by receiving an allowance. The
purpose of an allowance is to teach
children about money.
Nhiu tr em bt u bit n gi tr ca
tin bc t vic nhn tin tiu vt. Mc
ch ca vic cho tin tiu vt l dy
tr v ng tin.
Children can learn how to manage

Tr c th hc cch qun l tin bc, c
money, especially at an early age, when bit l t lc cn nh, khi nhng sai lm
financial mistakes are not very costly.
v ti chnh khng qu tai hi.
The amount of money that parents give S tin tiu vt m b m cho tha
to their children to spend as they wish
mn vic chi tiu ca cc tr cc gia
differs from family to family.
nh l khng ging nhau.
Timing is another consideration. Some
children get a weekly allowance.
Thi gian quy nh cho s tin tiu vt

cng l mt iu ng lu . Mt s tr
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 79
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Others get a monthly allowance.
nhn c tin tiu vt hng tun.

Nhng tr khc nhn c tin tiu hng
thng.
Parents should make clear what, if

anything, the child is expected to pay
for with the money.
B m nn ni r vi tr chng nn tiu
khon tin vo nhng vic g.
At first, young children may spend all

of their allowance soon after they
receive it.
Lc u, c th tr s tiu ht ngay sau

khi nhn c tin tiu vt.
If they do this, they will learn the hard

way that spending must be done within
a budget.
Nu chng lm nh vy, chng s nhn

ra rng phi bit chi tiu tit kim.
Parents are usually advised not to offer

more money until the next allowance.
Cc bc ph huynh thng khng nn

cho tr thm tin trc ln cho tin tiu
vt tip theo.
Vic lm ny nhm gip tr bit rng s

The object is to show young people
that a budget demands choices between tin i hi chng phi la chn tiu
hay tit kim.
spending and saving.
Older children may be responsible
enough to save money for larger costs,
like clothing or electronics.
Nhng tr ln hn thng c trch

nhim vi tin bc, nn chng thng
tit kim tin mua nhng mn t
tin hn nh qun o hay in t.
Many people who have written on the

subject of allowances say it is not a
good idea to pay your child for work
around the home.
Nhiu ngi vit v ch tin tiu

vt cho tr cho rng khng nn tr tin
cho tr chng lm vic nh.
These jobs are a normal part of family

life. Paying children to do extra work
around the house, however, can be
useful.
Nhng cng vic ny ch l mt phn tt

yu trong cuc sng gia nh. Tuy nhin,
tr tin cho tr em lm cng vic
ngoi cng vic nh li rt hu ch.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 79
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It can even provide an understanding of

how a business works. Allowances give
children a chance to experience the
things they can do with money.
iu ny thm ch c th cung cp thm

cho tr nhng hiu bit v cch vic
kinh doanh hot ng nh th no. Tin
tiu vt gip tr c c hi tri nghim
nhng th lin quan ti tin bc.
They can share it in the form of gifts or Tr c th chia s s tin ca mnh bng
giving to a good cause.
cch mua cho ai mn qu hay dng
cho mt mc ch cao c no .
They can spend it by buying things
Tr c th mua nhng th m chng
they want. Or they can save and maybe mun, hoc tit kim, thm ch l u t
even invest it.
s tin chng c.
Saving helps children understand that
costly goals require sacrifice: you have
to cut costs and plan for the future.
Vic tit kim tin gip tr hiu ra rng

t c mc tiu t th phi bit
hi sinh: bn phi ct gim chi tiu v lp
k hoch cho tng lai.

Bowman.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 80
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mobile Banking in Ethiopia
Ngn hng di ng Ethiopia

English.

y l bn tin kinh t ca chuyn mc
ting Anh c bit.
Ethiopia is one of the last countries in

Africa to permit mobile banking.
Ethiopia l mt trong nhng t nc

cui cng chu Phi cho php s hot
ng ca cc ngn hng di ng.
Mobile banking has proved to be

profitable in the developing world,
where many people still do not use
banks.
Ngn hng di ng chng t mang li

kh nhiu li nhun nhng t nc
ang pht trin, ni m nhiu ngi vn
khng s dng cc dch v ngn hng
thng thng.
Earlier this year, the World Bank

reported that 75 percent of the world's
poor are "unbanked." That is about 2.5
billion people.
u nm nay, Ngn hng Th gii bo

co rng 75 % ngi ngho th gii
khng s dng cc dch v ca ngn
hng. Tng ng vi khong 2,5 t
ngi.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 80
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Banking through mobile phones lets

people take part in financial services
even if they are not near a bank.
Dch v ngn hng qua in thoi di

ng cho php ngi dng s dng cc
dch v ti chnh thm ch khi h khng
gn ngn hng.
Until recently, Ethiopia and Zimbabwe Cho n gn y, Ethiopia v

were the only nations in Africa without Zimbabwe l hai quc gia duy nht
mobile money services.
Chu Phi khng s dng dch v chuyn
tin qua in thoi.
Now, that has changed for Ethiopia.
BelCash and M-Birr are mobile
banking technology providers.
By gi, iu thay i t nc
ny. BelCash and M-Birr l 2 nh cung
cp cng ngh ngn hng di ng.
They have been setting up mobile

banking and mobile money services in
Ethiopia for the past three years.
H thit lp h thng ngn hng di

ng v dch v chuyn tin qua in
thoi di ng Ethiopia trong 3 nm
qua.
The Dutch company BelCash is

working in partnership with banks to
provide easier access to financing
through bank accounts.
Cng ty H Lan Belcash ang cng tc

vi cc ngn hng khc nhm gip ngi
dn tip cn vi ti chnh qua ti khon
ngn hng d dng hn.
Ireland-based M-Birr is a mobile

money service that works with
microfinance groups where no
registration with a bank is needed.
Tp on M- Birr c tr s ti Ailen l
mt h thng dch v chuyn tin qua
in thoi, h lm vic vi nhng nhm
ti chnh nh m khng cn giy ng k
khi lm vic vi nh bng.
Ethiopia's mobile phone industry is

young. And wireless service coverage
in the country is not well developed.
Ngnh cng nghip in thoi di ng

Ethiopia cng cn kh non tr. V gi
dch v khng dy cng khng thc s
pht trin tt.
The pressure on the wireless network is

expected to increase. In the past four
years, the number of mobile users grew
from three to 17 million.
H thng mng khng dy c k vng

s tng ln. Trong 4 nm qua, s lng
ngi dng di ng tng ln t 3 triu
ln 17 triu.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 80
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
And Ethiopia's telecommunications

provider, Ethio Telecom, expects that
number to grow to 40 million in the
next three years.
Ethio Telecom, nh cung cp vin thng

Ethiopia hy vng rng con s ny s
tng ln n 40 triu trong 3 nm ti.
The government closely controls

Ethiopia's telecommunications market.
That means there is only one provider.
Competition is not permitted.
Chnh ph kim sot cht ch th trng

vin thng. iu ny c ngha l ch c
mt nh cung cp duy nht. Cnh tranh
khng c php t nc ny.
The National Bank of Ethiopia recently Ngn hng quc gia Ethiopia gn y
finished a draft order on how mobile
hon thnh ch th d tho v vic cc
banking services should be structured. dch v ngn hng trn di ng nn c
t chc nh th no.
This comes as international companies
have shown interest in starting mobile
banking services.
Nguyn nhn dn ti iu ny l do cc
tp on quc t th hin s quan tm
n vic m cc dch v ngn hng di
ng.

Carolyn Presutti.

ca i VOA, ti l Carolyn Presutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 81
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Family Planning as an Economic

Investment Strategy
K Hoch Ha Gia nh- Chin Lc

u T Kinh T


y l bn tin sc khe ca chuyn mc
ting Anh c bit.
The United Nations Population Fund

says greater access to family planning
methods would save developing
countries more than $11 billion a year.
Qu Dn s Lin hp quc cho rng tip

cn cc phng php k hoch ha gia
nh trn din rng s gip nhng t
nc ang pht trin tit kim hn 11 t
la mt nm.
A new UN report says the savings

Mt bo co mi ca Lin hp quc cho
would come from reduced costs of care hay khon tit kim l do gim cc
for mothers and newborn babies.
khon chi ph chm sc b m v tr s
sinh.
The "State of World Population 2012"
report was released in November.
Bo co Thc trng Dn s Th gii

2012 c cng b vo thng 11 va
qua.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 81
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It says over 200 million women in the

developing world cannot get birth
control or other family planning
services.
Bo co cho bit hn 200 triu ph n

cc nc ang pht trin khng th s
dng cc bin php kim sot sinh
hoc cc dch v k hoch ha gia nh.
It says $4 billion a year could provide

these women with reproductive
information to reduce unplanned
pregnancies or unsafe abortions.
Bo co ny cho rng ch cn 4 t
mt nm c th cung cp cho nhng
ph n ny cc thng tin sinh sn nhm
gim thiu mang thai ngoi mun hay
no ph thai khng an ton.
The report says about $2 billion a year

would provide enough contraceptives
to meet the needs of developing
countries.
Bo co gii thch thm khong 2 t

mt nm c th cung cp cc dng c
trnh thai p ng nhu cu ca cc
t nc ang pht trin.
The report says increased access to

family planning is a good economic
investment.
N cho bit m rng phng php k

hoch ha gia nh l mt u t c li
v kinh t.
It says having fewer children has been

beneficial for rich countries in Europe
and North America.
Bo co cho bit sinh t mang li

rt nhiu li ch cho cc nc giu c
Chu u v Bc M.
The UN Population Fund says onethird of the growth of Asia's "tiger"

economies is the result of increased use
of family planning services.
Qu Dn s Lin hp quc cho bit 1/3

tng trng kinh t ca cc con h
chu l do tng cng s dng cc
dch v k hoch ha gia nh.
Sub-Saharan Africa has some of the

biggest unmet needs for family
planning services.
Chu Phi Cn Sahara c nhng nhu cu

v cc dch v k hoch ha gia nh
khng c p ng ln nht trn th
gii.
The report says modern contraceptives

are not widely available in countries
such as Chad and Niger.
Bo co cho bit nhng dng c trnh

thai hin i khng ph bin rng ri
cc nc nh Chad v Niger.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 81
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
But contraceptives are not enough.

There are social, political and legal
barriers that prevent access to birth
control.
Nhng ch c dng c trnh thai th

cha . Cn c nhng ro cn v php
lut, chnh tr, x hi lm cn tr s tip
cn vic kim sot sinh .
In many cultures, women are

encouraged to have large families and
to avoid or limit the use of
contraceptives.
nhiu nn vn ha, ph n c
khuyn khch nhiu con v trnh hoc
hn ch dng cc bin php trnh thai.
The Population Fund says family

planning helps countries reduce
poverty.
T chc Dn s cho bit k hoch ha

gia nh gip mt s t nc gim i
ngho.
A recent study said Nigeria's economy

would grow by at least $30 billion
dollars if the fertility rate fell by just
one child per woman in the next 20
years.
Mt nghin cu gn y ni rng kinh t

ca Nigeria c th tng c t nht 30
t nu t l sinh gim mt tr trn
mt ph n trong 20 nm ti.

Bowman.

qua VOA, ti l Laurel Bowman.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3
Bi 82
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Making a Softer and Safer Medical

Tape
Ch to loi bng y t mm v an ton

hn


y l bn tin sc khe ca chuyn mc
ting Anh c bit.
Babies born with serious medical

conditions often spend their first few
days in the intensive-care unit of a
hospital, so they can be cared for.
Tr em c sinh ra trong tnh trng sc

khe nghim trng thng phi c ch
chm sc c bit ti bnh vin trong
nhng ngy u tin, cc b c th
c chm sc cn thn.
While they are there, medical workers

put tape on the babies to hold down
tubes and electronic devices.
Khi cc tr , cc nhn vin y t dn

bng cho tr gi cc ng dn v cc
thit b in t.
Experts say having to change the tape

daily or remove it can be painful and
even dangerous.
Cc chuyn gia cho rng phi thay bng

y t hng ngy hoc tho bng ra c th
gy au n v thm ch rt nguy him.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 1
Bi 82
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Removing the tape from a baby's

sensitive skin can cause injuries, in
some cases even causing the skin to
tear.
Tho bng y t t ln da nhy cm ca

b c th gy tn thng cho b, mt
s trng hp cn lm rch da.
The Massachusetts Institute of

Technology says more than 1 million
people suffer skin injuries from
medical tape removal each year.
Vin cng ngh Massachusetts cho bit

mi nm hn mt t ngi b tn thng
vng da do tho bng y t.
But now there is a new kind of medical Nhng by gi c mt loi bng y t

mi c th chm dt tnh trng ny. Loi
tape that may end this problem. The
bng ny mm hn v an ton hn rt
new tape is much softer and safer.
nhiu.
Dr. Jeff Karp helped create the new
tape. He works the Center for
Regenerative Therapeutics at Brigham
and Women's Hospital in Boston,
Massachusetts.
Bc s Jeff Karp gip to nn loi

bng ny. ng lm vic ti trung tm
sc khe phc hi Brigham v bnh
vin Ph N Boston, Massachusetts.
He says newborns moved to the

intensive-care unit are usually very
sick.
ng cho bit nhng tr s sinh c

chuyn qua khu vc chm sc c bit
thng rt yu.
He says medical tape is very important

to secure devices to the baby's skin for
monitoring.
ng ni bng y t rt quan trng trong

vic c nh cc dng c y t vi ln da
tr iu tr.
Dr. Karp says this is one of the biggest

problems facing hospitals.
Bc s Karp cho hay y l mt trong

nhng vn ln nht m cc bnh vin
gp phi.
So, he and his team wanted to create a

medical tape that could be removed
without harming the skin.
V th ng v cc ng nghip trong i
ca mnh mun to ra mt loi bng c
th tho ra m khng lm nh hng
n ln da ca tr.
Medical tape has two layers: a nonsticky backing and the sticky part. Dr.
Bng y t c hai lp: mt lp khng c

keo dnh ng sau v mt lp c keo
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 2
Bi 82
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Karp's new tape adds another layer of

sticky adhesive.
dnh. Loi bng mi ca bc s Karp c

thm mt lp c keo dnh rt cht na.
It remains on the skin after the tape is

removed. Dr. Karp says this adhesive
can be easily removed with talcum
powder.
N s nm li trn da sau khi bng c

tho ra. Bc s Karp cho bit cht dnh
ny c th d dng loi b bng bt ha
tan.
The new, softer adhesive tape was

designed for newborns.
Loi bng mi ny mm hn v dnh

hn, c thit k cho tr s sinh.
But the researchers say it will also help

much older patients, whose thin, weak
skin can tear.
Tuy nhin cc nh nghin cu cho bit

n cng gip ch rt nhiu cho cc bnh
nhn cao tui, nhng ngi c ln da
mng, yu v d b rch.

Carolyn Presutti.

ca VOA, ti l Carolyn Presutti.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Page | 3

80 Bai Voa Song Ngu Anh Viet

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

80 Bai Voa Song Ngu Anh Viet

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

80 Bai Voa Song Ngu Anh Viet

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Luyn nghe ting Anh qua video VOA

Im Alex Villarreal with the VOA

Ti l Alex Villareal vi bn tin v

Builders in developing countries are

Cng nhn xy dng cc nc ang

So, when a disaster strikes, the

V vy, khi thin tai xy ra, s tn ph

Yet, Japan is one of the most

Tuy Nht Bn l mt trong nhng

Still, the March eleventh tsunami

Vy nhng trn sng thn ngy 11

Brandy Cox is an assistant professor

Brandy Cox l tr l gio s v k

Luyn nghe ting Anh qua video VOA

ng y cng l chuyn gia v ng

The group studies major disasters.

Nhm ny nghin cu cc thm ho

Professor Cox says Japan has one of

Gio s Cox ni rng Nht Bn s

However, he says, this earthquake

Tuy vy, ng cng cho rng trn ng

So anytime there is an earthquake

The quake measured magnitude nine. Trn ng t o c t cp 9.

That doesnt mean that the buildings

Mr. Cox says Japan has invested a

ng Cox cho bit Nht u t kh

Luyn nghe ting Anh qua video VOA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------since a magnitude seven point five

v thit k k t mt trn ng t 7,5

He says those two earthquakes

ng y ni rng hai trn ng t m

Soil liquefaction is the process by

Professor Cox says the first step to

Gio s Cox ni rng bc u tin

Then the structural engineers take

Is it going to be reinforced concrete?

B tng ct thp c c s dng

How will the framing of the building

A team from Geotechnical Extreme

Luyn nghe ting Anh qua video VOA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mr. Cox says they will also be

ng Cox ni rng h cng s tham

Mr. Cox and other members of

ng Cox v cc thnh vin khc ca

For VOA Special English, Im Alex

Chng trnh ting Anh c bit ca

Luyn nghe ting Anh qua video VOA

Microsoft Says Google Blocks

Microsoft cho rng Google gy tr

This is VOA Special English

y l bn tin kinh t trong chng

trnh ting Anh c bit ca i VOA.

Microsoft has fought legal battles

Hng Microsoft gy nn trn chin

with officials in Europe and the

php lut vi cc quan chc Chu u

United States over competition in

v Hoa K v cuc cnh tranh trong th