5

F. l'

1962

'l ll

PttCruh,

v-

HUKQJtuh, 'r

""

, ilop }'f{
"

il

n1ik'"

t!

ilpBoza , , [
ilpeMQ, fr 06u .
/( ZQSQQ il ilpozpaMY
lu - .

ilUli1U .

1947 '".

s ilPBOil

iloilpaBeHe il .

1948

3
Uilpaltle s poilYHe

./ il y~16eHUKY.

1951
.

~--

/;/

("

}' 1,

'l3

Pt!>CTuIt, 1n"
u

-I<.,-

""

1.

II .

- , ', ",.'- .(lt)

,,,, .. ( --

( ,, ,

(1)

(, , dy , d2~ , .. , drty _) =
dx

dx 2

dx n

06fl ll.. .u. = ()

'

(1) ili
y=f(x) r
llilill . uu u.u

(1).

(1)
(1)

(1).

14

(1)

. (1) n- ,
li
'1i

,'1.

- .
fl .

, h I<
,

= )

(1')

lp80a .

(2)

(2)

l. ilu

l .

.l.I< ,

h oI1

. ,

(2')
.

(2")
1 2

. ,

880 il!ll

;liii.

VI'

Ox~

h I'

. h

dx = f(t).
dt

[(!)

If

" .

'

dx

t, -

dt

+ Sf(t) (lt,
10

t(J'

t,

.L dJ
dt
(

+ RJ = ,

jt: L R .

2.

./

-'

t.

8 -fl1

(1)

,,, ... ,( -
F (,,.,
.

(3)

(3')
1l

1 , 2 ,

1 , 2 ,

(3')

(3') iiii1 liil .~

.'I

(3)

(3')

ifil

"'

1 , 2 ,

(1)

(3)
(1).

iiii1l1 il

(1).

(3)

~.'I 6
h ,

(3')
.. , ,(n-- 1 )

(3)

.', ",

, ' ,(n- 1 ) = , ' ', ",.,., (I1- )

= iJfil ufil .

(2)

. h

tl

h
= ,

(1 '),

})

2

-

(1 ').
(2'),

'

1 2

h 1 2

2 =

(2")

3.

8. .

--

f(x,

(4)

, 1 , 2 ,

1l

(.4)

,,)

. ,

1 , 2 ,.,., .

1l , .h

, h

f + f '=,

(5)

-
2

+2

anf'
-+.
"

2 f

--

'+ 2 f

'2

+ f

,~-- ,

+_(n)=.

(4)

(5),

+ 1

80 1 , 2 , , ,

q> (, , ', ",

(6)

(6)

'

1 , 2 , , '

(4)

ulIi

.. , , (n) =

(6).

' 1 , 2 ,

(4)

(6),

i1u u.
,

(4)

i1iiiuu u.

U1l

(6), (6) uu
. ,6)

1lUU1l

10,

'

(, )

-=(-)
l:! .

'=

-=' (-).

dy
dx.
--=--,

log ( - )

log ( - )

-+ log

'- = (-),

20.

'=1 ,

"

""

" =0.

1 2

30.

r.t
( _.)2

+ (- b)2=r2

, .

x-+(-)'=,

1+(-) "+'2=,

(-) "'+'"=.

, h

'"

(1

'2)

' y"~ =

1) .

''' =
"

' "

+ '1!

3
2

log " =--log (1

+ '2) + log 1

I:\Jl

+ 2

= 1 - (1 + 2 )2

(1

+ )'}. + ( 1 + 2)2 = 1 ,

. 1 , '2 .

40.

(7)
, , ,

q, r

1)

" =

, .~~fe
./

. 38 ]

<:'2'

~I

10

2
"-3=

2 +

[l

+
2

2qx

'- q2)

401"3 - 45 " '" /

+9

"2

=01).

. .
, .
,

(7)

5" .-

. 8.
,

" / = :

...

17

+1

Q
.

=1 (2 + )

" =0.

2 .

Ct

. 1 , 2
. , .

=1 (2 + )=1 2 + 1 =+.

4.
-

p(~,y,y')=O

(8)
v

' = [(, );

(8')
iii1iU U1li1i h

(, , )

(9)

:, .

= ,

(9)

" , ~ .
1li1i (~)

(8')

(.

1. 1).

( .)

~:'J

(,)

()

..

1
.

11

( ' )

(9),

(,. )=,

'

12
,

(9).

. .

(9),

( , ).

(~ .7l ( , )

ll

(8)

(~').

ll u llU

YCl!0B.

( , ), 8h ,

, q ( ' )
(9) (. 1 1). l~,
,

..1

(8) (8'), h (9).

, (~) (8')

h ii
f tl8.

(8)

1 (.

(8'), ,
1, 1) ( , ) (8)

F ( , )'0') =

/l

(8')

(.

1, II)

(8')

t8)

(8').

' = , , h I<'8

[(, ) =
04 ()
8

, 1

(8')

(c.'I. 1, 11). AKU

(8')

' '

h (), ( 1 ),

:
I< ()

(.

1, 11).

i'

(.

ll

(8')

(8'),
1, II), KptfBe (ai)

(8')

llGl.JI! usll.

(8)

~Ma

(8,

l> .'1 (.N~ 3). 0~

.'1

!<

lI

(10)

1,

dy
dx

--=

13

dy=xdx,

(11 )
(.ll.

'

2),

(11) h (10),

'

l'

(.

2)

Jl ,

., ~ 10)

(. ~)

dy
dx

(12)

------~-r~------x

---=;

.1_

Jt

dy -=dx,

= >=,

(13)
2! (.

3),

3) I:

(.

3). ('l<
(12) (. 3)

(12).

(12)

~,

-=t---------x
.

kOHcTaHTe

.,

14
30.

v-
+
-

dy
dx

.1 - =

(13')

(13")
l (.

.l.

2
Y =...L..-=-x
I
3

(13')

'.

~ - -

=-- 2 +.

'

4)

(13")

(.

(13"),

4).

(y-)2=-

YL

, 1(13'), =

5.

.,

h
h , . h .

8LJ., '

'd

~= [()
(

cly =

[()

dx,

[()

(, );

dy =

f ()

dx

15

() + .

- [()+

=( )= [()+=

= +

() ,

( ' )'
,

=2+

=( 2

+ ) .

n, h
3

==+ + .
.

<

=_1

y=log .

'"

) Jl

=f(y)
dx

dy

-=dx,
{(}

16
-;

f {() = + .
dy

dy

-=

dx

dy

-=dx

1)
= .
)

dy

f () ()

dx

dy =f(x),dX,

()

; h

== Jf(X) dx + .
J~
() .
, 8

(1-X2)(:~Y

1- 2

Jl

dy

dx

Vl-i~=Vl ''
;

arc sin =
1)

; =dx
=

lOg

arc sin + .

=+ I y-=eX+~1

,(=

I .

).

17

+ arc sin )
y:=(sin ) Vl-x + cos 1 ).

sin (arc sin ) = sin (

Jl

cos )2=(I- 2) sin2

+ 2 -

cos C=sin2

xI+y2-2=l-2 ,

(lal<I),

cos = (. 4'). Jl
1 = 1. r -;
t - ~ - .

d) IIII

( + + )

dy = f
d,V'

:-I---Y'

--t?-;;I;;:........

+ + =,

+'='

rar

dU=-bf(u)
dx .

----1f-''''--.......L...l--- ._/

du
()

--l

,
.

+.

4'

'=(+)2
+=

"

dU~u2
dx

+1

Jl

1)

.
sln (

+ sin ) -= sin cos ( sin ) + sin ( sin x)cos .

sin

sin ) =-

cos ( sin ) = 'I - sin Z (arc sin ) "'"

v1 -

18

arc1gu~=x+C

u=tg
.,

,',

!.

.l h

= tg (

('1

+ ) -

Jl :

:!. \1 . "

- 1) ''--

2= ,

( 2 -1) ..

"

(+ )

xy+C(x-)+ 1=01).

'-.;-,

'1'
. I

y~ = 2 2

"
,

')

1(.1'].:;

iQnfir

'l

+ .

ie zlli lliu

'll 1-!til I

';;: lf 1 + '2 = 2)

,
_.....

.-::"'----,--=-

dx

~-~--

+ 1
u: tg ~~ tg + !
1. -1-

! (arc

'"

" +
01.'

tg -- afC tg ) = . _ -

"

2)

y~

',"';!! 1~ ,'..;'

l+

(,( -

tg

) ~ .

';1'i'i!'; G5;l

(.= ~~.~=:~~: dy .

()
h '

II

+ = rlUg ( tg ~)., t
().

]9
8

+ = 2-=- 2 + log(;

- y~--~~~ 1);

li.

60 / . cBalCoj i1 !/, ;iiml{ta U

'=

2=2

+ .

/ ~pBY ii1 liliU(;)'

70

aiJCl.jllC1I.

l..=kx

'

yk

80 xVl-t- 2+ 'l+ 2 =0,

Yl+x2+Y+~Y?"" = , = 1 :

l+2 +l+2= 1

+ 2'

('.

8 = , = 1 "":

90

ds = kdx.

li'fiQlI

+ 1'2.

0[/1>'/ !'.! ..

s = kx.

+ /2 dx

ds = 1
>

.8 .. ,I!.~,I;i~"~"

Yl+-y'!=k

y=xYk2

1+C.

100 lili 1, .!

ds = kdy = !cy'dx.

8 Inl.

V+ y'l =

ky'
'.

_ __+

- Vk

1)

1 )

.--1

.,

, .

s=,)

tis
!

-=- +-
d

ds
dx....

1.+1'1,

1l8

-,
V1-!

f + '
-

2 ....-.

20

110.

= tg v,

+ )2 ' = (1 +2)2
2

(- ) (1

tg u

. ( v-u) -=;
dv
du

v - u = t, -dv - 1 =

dt

du

du

n-sin t

dt
du
. .

(14)

sin t

Q8

dy

=f(l)

dx

1 );

kx, ky.

(15)

-=,

!!__ = du

(16)

dx

(14)

+u

dx

(15)

(16),

du
dx

-'---+ = [()

(16')

dx

du
[()-'

~8

1)

du

()-

CMeHDM

ru llruru .

(15),

21
llr .

(17)

(15)

(16'),

(17')

(),

= u e'\l(u),

du
.
[()-

~()==
u.

(161),

[()-==, ==

u=

(15),

==

(17'/)

1>

(16').

(14).

=)..

(t) ,

=1

(14)

!l

(t)

x=k}.. (t), y'=k 1 (t).

(, ) ' ' (', ') ,

.
x'=kx, y'=ky.

(. ).

' =k . .

'
.-===k,

'

. '

.' . r
.ll

.(17)

'X==ql

(!),

'

yh ' .

' '.

=g{e),

=kg(e),

' (. ) , k.

l 8. '
8

, 8

'

'

1 ~r(ll) I<
Cf!t' Rf.>

e'l'(uo) ,

e'l'(Uo),

(17") . (17")
(17') (17") u

\1{() Q U-tU ,

(14)1).

f\()

u-tu o (17")

an

II1't'I'
u I1ll

U-tU ,

061tl

(171)

(17'), h 3

(14).

(17")

(17'), . u.U1Q
(17')

' ,

'Il IIl! (17") U -+

II. (17") h
.

fI

(18)

+ 2' -

yyl2

(18')

(, _/-_

_";2+y:i") (, + +";+2)".: .

-= ,

'

= ' t .

fl = :;,"

+ 1,

2 tt' = 2 '

:8

(xf',+ f -

l).{xi'

+ t + 1) =

Unl , r
<1'

1)

JI~.

n'

8n

, i

"

== ( 2)'

'rAe
'k . 1)
,
. . 8' ' ,

(19)

dy

dx

=f(

++,)

, 1

"

+ 1 + 1

, . , . 1 ! ~ ko-. (19)

111'

ll,
,

~,'

= +"

(20).

+~

"rjte ' ~ .'

"lq.8 (20)

dY
dX

-'=~

dx'

"ff

(19),

tjy'=

f( + +,~ + ~ + ' \.
1

dX

.:

+ 1 +.l + bl~+Cl
,

" ~ ,

(21)

,; )

qocTaje

. Qi. a

+ ~ + = O~

+btP+ 1 = ,

. . XOMoeH~

, dY / {(
"dX,
1

+ )

+ 1 ,

:;~ .s

(2' ',; ,rMMj(~ fJ.'

'::, 8 HY,1';~ :\i~O
-' , .

'

- ,

-==-=k

1) ) (18) Jl
, (18') r , h "
, " . dV + xdx .,
'Vx2 'f. } = dx,
~AaKJje

""

v. + = + ,

,., ui'ro. r. .1I

".

<

r' .. :",

+ = -

c-lx' +. l_ :....cH..,x~+ + -

, U,

(':;

24

(19)

dy =f[k(QtX+blY}+C]
l+1+1

dx

.!.. du _

, =f(kU

dx

+ )

+1

-dy2x+3y+l
= - --'---'<--:"-

(22) _

3+4+l

dx

h : =-1, =

(20)

h n (21,

1
dY
2+3
--=---'--3+4

dX

=
h

du
dJf

+ u = _ 2 + 3

3 +4

(4+3)

du

2dX

, ,

log (2 2

+ 3 + 1) + log 2 =

_+l

---

__ ,

-l

log

25.
&

+ 3 + 22 + + =

(23)

1 )

dy =

dx

+f(X)q>(Y)

dy

du

dx

dx

=u,-=-+u

du

--

dx

{() q> (),

Jl

f
.

.du
q> ()

f () dx

+ .

}. + + ( - ) '=,

arc tg.l= log 2 +2 2)

20. '-- 2 +2=0,

2 =(+2).

r= ( + )2 , ( t
+ 1)
+ 3,
cos . + ' cos = ,

30. '.40.

( +2

50. -

'= 2

1)

) log = .

4+

etoy-zox

s1 -::::

(22)

(5x+'lOy+ 7) 2

1og - .

(2+3+ 1) +(3+4+ 1)

t!.y =

" ! (23), .
d (2 +3+2+) = (2+3+ 1) dx + (3+4+l) dy
(23).
.
2)

cos

, .-

=.
)

= ,

1
dx
dy = dY
dx

du

= dY +

sin

26

(-)'

70,

--l
80, ' = (
-.2x~ 2-+

"

' =

90,

= -

-:- ,

)2 ,

_L (1 + log -

-+ 910g (--+2) =

8y-2x-log (-)

log ),

= 7:,

100,

.1

2 '_ - 2
-

= t

-+

dt
- t
--=:;--_
..
dx
x-+t

11 ,

7.

2'

-+

:::; .

. "

--

dY
dx

(24)
[() ()

+ /'()+ ' () =

~ ,

q> ()
-' + [(). -+------.

(25)

.
--' +- ()

(26)

z'
z

=-;

, .

"

(27)

(25),

=- ze

f I() dx

(26)

(27)

dz.

-+ q> () f () = ,

dx

(28)

z=

ll, ?

(24),

' () f I() dx ,

'

(27)

il

27
(29)

()

- I f () dx ( - I f () dx d )

(30)

J-L

()

+ J-L ()

"

() = - I () dx

() ,

(24)

( )= -

-- () dXJ

()

I {() dx

i1i

i1i.

. , ()

h

(29)

(24),

(.N2

),

38

(24)

i1i, . i1i.

31'1

(24),

dYi
dx

+ f () l + () =

(25')

-du
+ f () u =
dx

(')

1) ,

. ().

1' 2

(24),

~ 1 2 ()
.

l =

1 ()

+ J-L(x),

2 ()

(30)

J-L

2),

(),

l =--= _ -_ 1 . =
l

(1)

.
1)

(30')

(24),

, 1 ,

2)

28

(3 )

(24),.

1).

10.

+ -

'

(32)

m =- ,

. , (1t):1(27),
'
z'
-+=-,

y=ze-ax

!!~ = <+m) ,
dx

<+m)

z=C+_-

+m"

Ji
= -

(33)

20.

dJ

(32)

+-+m
m

diT L - L =0

eneKTp0!'t110TOpHe

t,

lt8

t,

= - f + f t dt) ,
t (

1)
Il

(3!)

l 2 lI

(24),

d; + / () 11 + q> ()

12 -

(24),

12

dy

(24).

dy

d; + ) 2 + q> () ~

d(yz- ,)
dx

+ ) (. -

(24),

= l

11)

=-

(25'),

,?

+ (11\ -l)'

<1. -

l):

29

Jij

t=O,

. .

t.

~KO ,

'J=(Jo - ) e-~t +.
\

R.

',~

' ;

=-,

. m-

11+ycosx-sinxcosx=0,

= ~-.-sID

20. '-:--!- -cosx+ 1 =0,

= sin

SI

30.

(l- 2 )'+2- 4=0,

40.

xy'-+lg=,

50. '

+ f' () -

60 '
.

70. 2'

+ -

1.

1
l+

+ ) ' =

+ tg -

sin 2 =

'

1.

(C+IOgVr::FXi- 1).

+ ) .

=2 _ 2+- 2 .
= ( -

+ cos ":" e- = ,
130. 1' + 2 = cos ( + .) ,

120.

= ..

=- % (

1 + :- cos n = ,

11 . '

1.

2 .-

% = ,

90.

+ (1 - )
log + 1 + .
+ f(x) -

y=Ce-!()

y'+xy-"=,
(

(1+ ) -

80.

, =

+ tg 2 .

= 2

f(x) f' () = ,1)

+ sin

inx

1)

+ .

acosnx+n sinnx.+ C _

2+ 2 .

. .

= cos -2 cos2 .
== ( + ) e-1nx

2 . ..;.

+ 4a~~1 [2acos(x+a)+sin(x+a)].
140.
1)

'

-'

= ,

) l .

"=tl (~2 +).

30

8.

8rul1f- .

dy
dx

(34)

ci

+ f () + () =

[() ()

8 KakBa

(34)

(34')

z'
z

'

(34")

-+f(x)=--,

, ,
- f () dx

(34''')

y=ze

(34'),

(34")

(34''')

h l

-dz + zn

() (l- n ) () dX

dx

()

'

'

+ tl

(35)

(~) + (~) ' + kx m (xyr'-- ) =

.rnu-

[f(u)

dx
+ 11 (), --+ () + kx +2 =
du

() rnu--

['1' () -

dx

[() -

du

f ()

+ n + 1 ().

. ---- h , rulll
u;m llI

31
dy

-- = [(,),
dx

()

[(, ) ,

{(, ), ()

()

uz,

z u () ,

. ll
() (),

dz
u dx

[(. ltz) -

u'

z.

, l(

()

0/

(, uz) -

0/ (z),

u'z = ()

fl2 (),

(),

(['.=

[(, ) -

0/ ()
-- .

()

II

,
()

()

. () h

dy =
dx

( () O/(L)+~ .

10.

u ()

== ,

.dy

= () 0/

u () =

X~

(..L) + -~ .

() =

1,

/ V ) =,
"'(----.

u.

\j.r(L)=X~,
u

2
rulli- .

, ,

. ~ .

rulIi-

+ _

dy
dx

2 log =

1
z'
-+-=-,
z

'

=-

logx Z2=0,

dz _
dx

II

z=-----CX+logx+ l'
SJl rulli-

=-----...,...

Cx+logx+ 1
- .

1.

xy'-4-lI V'Y=0,

= ' (+ ~

IOgX)1I

-----,ye~---

- -2+2

. '-

2 (1- 2)

-=

2 (l'-xll) +(l- xll)T

2

= - (1 + 2):2) + 22l

+ -

l-n

"

50,

6.

xy'+y-lg=,

70.
80.

ll (

'0,

+ ) = ,
cos + ysin -

-2

9. -+(- 2)

10.

y'--=,

= ----:--- (--;- log2 }

2 ()8

lI,

== - +- .

3 2 2

+ .

t sin + cos .

= ( -- ceY-;-)2
(1

+ ;) /~2 =

9. - . (

(36)

+ + ) dx +-(1 + 1 + 1 ) dy +

+ (2 + 2 + 2) (xdy -

ydx) ~ ,

t" , ,', 1 , 1 1' 2' "

2 KOIlCTaTe.
- , 2
,

(35).

ll8

(36)

1 =2 ==-
te il

}fIf

(35)

= + ,

dx -, , dy = dY,

+~,

,
. (36)

+ 2 +) - ty] dX+
+[alX+b~ ++(. +2 + ) + ] dY +
( ++ -( 2

+(.+ )

(XdY- YdX) =

('

= +

f3

+ ,

8=1

+ 1 +1 ,

.=2

0.+ 2 +'2 '

+ :-= ,

(37)

-:- 1. =

!rAe h KoltCTaHTa

{'36)
.

- 1. = ,

+ 11. = ,

(37),

(35).

ci .

2 -

:!.
-

= .

'.
,

!l

(36)

(36)

080h

..

10. Riccati:"eBat .. (38)

, ), ()

+ f () 2 + () + t () =
~

dx

() .

. w ll (
"

34
r). , iiil1uu Ui1i,

i1iil1U .
!

= yt

(39)

+ -Z1 ,

Z ,

(38) 1)

(No. 7)
dz

- dx

(39')

[2l {()

+ (x)],z,- (() =

tll

(39),

()

+ 11 ().

iiu u {- U uh

= ! + () + 11 ()

+ yt 11 () + 1
() + 11 ()

! ()

(40)

r ()=I()'
ii i1i

()+ ~(x)
()

+ 11 ()"

~(X)=Yl11(X)+

Riccati-e8e

1.

(40)

u s. - lu

il1. Riccati- r

(40)

, h Riccati-8

l< l

(38).

+ {() 12 + () ! + () = ,
.
dy
.
_.~ + (() 2 + () 2 + -r () = ,
dx
dYl
dx

1) . '1'311

~: + f () 1 2 + () ! + '1 () =
2) , l (4'\~ . .
~ ('"\ . fJ.(x)
=---- () - ! ()

~ , Riti-

(38) (N(j), 3) Z).

Riccati-eae.

35

'-/

.----- ~= -

{() (

()

f () (

+ :!) -

()

--1

' - :!' =

(38)

1)

-!

y'-yt'

'-2'

-.

log -

-2

= f () (-l) dx + D

- 1 _ f(x) (11) dx (- D)

(41)

-:!

,-

. i1fli [0.

311. v 1, ' RiccatieBe"

, 8

(41).

(41)

; = , =' . h

cai /(1<)-'11-11)

- 1 =

(42)

}'

dx

(41) (42) (:
( =

(43)

const.),

. i1iIitl 1Ii6tl [0 tl
1 ),

,
,

(39)

Ricclti-pse

-;

"

, . . 8 fln,
,

(41)

~ ,

(43)

. .

Riccati-ee

& (39;). , ,
l
1) lIllOI4

RiccatieBe

(43) ' IIII II (40).

l.=,: -1. : -1
- .
- 2

. .- Yz

-1 =
Cs-C.

36
tl , (39), (39'). ..

Z1=--2-11

1,

11

(39),

Riccati-e8e

ItI"

, na

Riccati-ese

(39')

Z1 =

Z2=---

2-

. ('N2 7, 28, l 1)
Z

+ (

2 ~ 1

- 1

; - 1

Z (39) I'.'

)
I.ht .

SJl Riccati-

_l_+ (

Riccati-

(44)

. -

1)

- 11

(43).

(38)

u ()

(),

dJi =
dx

, () () o~
,

1),

8 uu

Jl

. () ()

(44')

() = - tp () dX, () = f(x) -:" () ,

(38)

dY

(45)

dX

+ 2 =]()

] () =

_ ir ()

2 " () dx 2).

f(x)
1)

HeheMO

:2)

Jl.

(44)

-.

dy '"'" () "
dx
dx

dU () ;
dx

~ = dY dX _ (~ ~Y
dx

dX dx

"

37
.

h ilu - u

dy
dx

(46)
roe ,

1)

+ 2 =

(46)

, . h

ddy
2 = ,
dYx
b-ai'

=-"

dx.

dy

- - U ()
dx

11

llll

(38)

"

U ()

dU ()
-dx

()

dU(x)

+ -dx-

U () () dX
u

dY
d)(

() -

dU ()
dx

+-

+ )

lJ2 () 2

+ () U ()

+ \ () =

, .

+ () () =

() =/() ()

U () = -

-dY

( )d

d)(

2 , .

M(X)=f(x)e-!()d,

.II,8 (38) .. (45). (38)

,,'

L.

-/ ()

+ () + - - +

.,. ()
_'t'_

'

'

-- + () = , ,.. ,

= - () dx
....

. (-44),

II

()

()

(44')

R .

dy

"

:r /() + (, ) =

() (, )

3 ,." ,
'

(, l

-- + ) + - - =

' +) = i.., = ze - f f () dx
)1
z

:; + (, ze-1 () dx) / () dx ~ ,

. R .. z . qI (, 2 e-f{)d== () 1 (2)
, .h q> (, ) ==), ()}1 ( f !(x)dX), .

38
2)

= -

(1

2 (46)

(47)

+ 2 = !!._

dy

dx

3tJ

dz

--

dx

+ bz

2 -

) (( .
II

(46)

= () z + v (),

dz

dy =

dx

dx

+ z du
+ dv
dx
dx

.6h

dz
dx

dv
+ z du
- + - + all2Z2 + 2u zv + av2=
dx
dx

()

v ()
du .

-dx + 2u v =

, ~
dx

+ av% =

ll=-11 '

V=-,

(46)

+ -z

-dz

(48)

1 _

dx

0:+2 .

z=-,
1

dYI

-+

(48')

+2

dx

l=

dYI
dx

0:+3
I

l l1 =-;
2

dX 1
0:+2
-=(%+3)

dx

dYI
=(+)/+2 dYt
dX J dx
dx ,

39
"i

(48')

+4

dY1-+
2_
- -(1+3
-.- -- ----1

dX 1 +3
+3
,

(46)

(46')

rJte

....4
1 =----

+3

_en
+4

=---

1 +2

+2

--=1+--.

(49)

+3

(46),

(46')

h ~

(46'), .

(46)

dY2
-+ 2 2 2 = 2 2

dX 2

, 2 , 2 1

, _

(49),
1

~+2

+2

--=2+--.
h ,

"

(50)
" bk ,

(51)
,

ak

(k= 1,2, .. ,).

(50) , ak = .
(51), (46) ,

40

( =

(52)
? 8

4k
1) ,
1-2k

(k= 1,2".,);

tlll

2.

'

.r , , h

ak

2,

= -

= ,

(46)

, \f

(46),

= - 2,
= - 2, (46)

(50) Jt,. ak

(51) = -

(50),

. ",

(51).

-4k
1 +2k '

(53)

(k= 1, 2, ... ).

ak=---

(52)

II

(53)

(52)

.,

.',

1 _ 2k '

(k

1,

+ 2, .),

.8 11

..,. . (50) ak

(46)

(46)

4k

(51')

ak

(46)

, ,

=+= 2)

(51') .

~.8 ~

4k
2k+ 1

(k=1,2, ... ),

=----

(46) h .
, (46) h

RlccatieBe

Mqry -.'
f (), () t (), (38)
, (46)
lI

...
1) 8 (51) ak =
')

k=

k=2,

1,

0:=-4,

k=3
8

=--

'

12
1:=--

.5

k=-I,
4
er=-,

k=- 2, k=-'3

8
=-5'

12
=--

,'

,.

.... ,

41
.

1 'Riccati-8

dy _

(54)

dx

1-

+
_

2
1-

+ _~~

1-

(55)

I< ; h .
)

=+

(56)

q; n
.

(54)

(55)

( 2 +) 4

= -

'

lt

2 (+

1)=0,

=-

1)

(54).

(39)

1-

(57)

=.

i =

(56)

(54)

h (

( 2

) 2 +2 (

-1) + 2 -

= ,

- 1=

3 =
3
=

1,

= 2

-1+n
2
-l-iV 11 1
2
,(1;=
2
,:=

, n
.
(S4)h..

:::: ;

+ 2 ,

2 = 0;2]

+ ,

(54),

+ 1

(43),

42
l- 2

=--

= 1 + !,
-

. ~

20.

(57) 1).

dy.
-.dX 1
.

(58)

'

0:2

(f.k

+ l 2 =

-~

3.

4
(50)

ak = -

3 (53)

'01=-!' .
3

38

- . -

k = 1 , , (51).

= ,

(46').

dx

..

1=-' 1 = 3 , -_1=32
Z

dx

dYl

1 dz dx
-- - = - - -1 - dz

1 dz

-=--- =
- l'

(58)

+-3 z2 =

dz

(59)

dx'

(46)

(48),

3 2

0'.=0,

=3,

=3.

= u(x)z+ v(x) = .!.-z+_l

2

1)

(43)

Y-''t,=-.=-:)+l-2 = x+t+a: = -!
-12

(1-2)+l-:-

1+ = - : ,

(l+a:)x+l

1-: 2

,1_)

1;
( = - "2
+ "2 ,3 .

_ I-! ,(l+Kal
-

-.

(57).

((I+

l =

1,

4

2'

l=XY--

tl

(59)

dy +312=3,
dx
8

1 + = 6"
1-

B~a8eM

2lJt

(58)

'1( 1} +31i-)+~ 6XI~

( '2 1) -
1 13 - 1 3 -3
.

] .

Riccati.eBa
'

:
88

(1 - sin cos ) +

cos -

cos ;

+ sin =

cos

1+

sin

=----

, 20. y'_y'l.=x- 4

(48')

=-

=-

(46),

4,

Jl

2 + =

+ )

cotg ( :

/'

3'.

'1f

()

:=,

'.

+-d

40.

..

(41)

'

+ 2 + -1 -

38 d = 1,

().

44

(44)

.l' 118

dY + 2= 4.
dX

~
=

50,

2 '- 2
+ 5

~8

dy -=2-}

dx

u ()

= --+v(x),

= ,

, ()

11 ()

dYl + 61 2 +3xJ-4
dX 1
. ' .

60.

'

== ,

20.

+ 2_2 2 + 4-2-l =0;

' _! =

'+ 2 -1

70.

'

+2 + ( -

1)

=0.

{() = ,

== -1 .

r .

80.

'

- 2

+1 =

=-

1.

. 8.

90.

'+ (-)

-1

=> ;

-=

rulli-

.l
.

100. ' +} (-!) - 2 = ; - 2 = U ru

8
.

1 .

(8

()

(, )

dx + Q

(, )

dy

45
. I

(, ),

du = (, ) dx+Q (, ) dy = .

,
Q(x,y)

:'

=-,

(, )

(61)

=-,

2
Q
-==--'- = - ,

Q
-=_
.

(62)

()

(60)

i10ll

80 ,

u (,

)).'

(60) ~

(,)= .
II (, ). .

(61)

(63)

U=

f (, )

dx + '

() ,

< () I<u.

.l%

(61).

Q (, )

= - = -

{ ,

() =

(62),

dx

dlf'
+ -',

Pdx,

. < ()

(64')
1)

(, ) == P(~, ) dx+

(62),

,dy

' ,

r[ (, )

'

dcp = Q(x.y) dy

(64)

II (, )

dx ] dy .

(63),

h I

f [ (, ) ~ f
Q

(60)

Pdx ] dy.

Qn Int

(, ), , ,
(, ),

(60).

46
.

(32 + 6xyl')
.

80. ,

(62)

=
,

dx +(62 + 4)2) ,dy =

(63),

(3.:\:' + 62) dx + ( () = + :Sx2y~ +>

() r

(64),

() =

!f>

f (62 +4 2-62 ) dY=~ 8

u (, )= 3 +3 2 y~ + :

+ 32 2 +! 8 = ,

(3 2 + 6!)

10.

dx + (6 2 + 4 8) dy=O,

-dx+

2 -

+ 3xt 2 + 4 =

3\!

2
1
dy=O, - - -=.

1 )12] dx+ [
[-------

',

. (-)2

1] dy=O,

~-

(_)2'

--+log-=C,

[ 1-

40,

42 ] dx'- [ 1- 42 ] dy=O,

(-)2

(ydx-

5".

y21!x~

(-)2

xdx) =

+ '.!.

12.

=
'

I7+2=.

"

__2 __
dy;....---:.y_2_d_x
(- )2

4"
x+--+3=.

(62)

(60) II (, )

47
), (, ), ,ll.
(, ) (, )

(60')

dx + (, ) Q (, ) dy = 1)

' It. (, ). n~ , j~,.

(2),
()

(Q)

--=--

~~,_Q+( _ Q)=.

(65)

' (, ), ,

(60)

il

~1

(. ). ll (65), n
n (, ) '
(, ). (, ) '
u

(60).

), (, )

_ 1 (, ),

'1

(60).

", ' i

in.

(65),

(65)

, ,

Q d
dx

=1.( _

q)

ln

dx

- Q

-=

. .
()

h .

d).

_dy

(65)

JllJ

__

(60) .ll'O ,II"

(65).

_1 q 8
JtI

(66)
1)

d= 1

(Pdx+Qdy)=O

&8

(60)

R (, ).

'(60),.

48'

== .

.ll (, )

2

(67)

r .

() '

..1 , () ,

tl , r IJ

, h ~6),

(60),

}.! (Pdx

+ Qdy) =

1 , () (Pdx + Qdy) ==

rp () da = ,

8.II r

(67')
8lj (~1")

2 = q> () == (, ) ,

".
'.

r. ..1 :.

(60)

. , .
l 2 =

(60)

rp () = ..1 (, ) r I

)"

.~.= ,()

~q

(65),

(, )

8 .

.-

CTora

Q , + 1.1 ( _ Q ) =

[ 1 ~ Q . + 1 ( _ Q )]. +

1.1 [

Q ] =

_ Q
dy

OA8K.lIe

, - .

==
'

(60),

~
1
. r

= . (, ) =

(60).

iJU-

49
. U1ili 1 2 (60) 1

11 , i1ili

. 2 = . 1)
1

(67).

ili (60)

1 2

q~,

(68)

(Pdx+ Qdy) = du,

2 (Pdx+Qdv) = dv

(69) "
f (,,)

v (, )

., "_
-

.11.1

1 Q=-;

v
2 =-,

Q,

, ,

v
2Q=-,

1' 2

av

- -

v=

(70)

. ()

dv = 11' () du ,

2),

. () . (69), (68) (70)

12 (Pdx + Qdy)

.' ()

du,=

.' () 1

(Pdx + Qdy)

""2

= 1 ./ ()

(67).

lO i1, ,

(60)

1 dx+

(71)

(60),

Q'l dy+F!2 dx+ Q2 dy

l' Ql' 2 . Q '

h 8

l dx + Ql dy

1)

2 dx + Q2 dy

(60).

JUI (. ) .- -

:1)

==

(60)

(60')

(60')
1

du "'" Pdx + Qdy.

(60).

3 .

.an ;

50
/_ ll

dx + Q1 dy =

, . 1 "1 ( 1 ).

"-2

>

. .ll.

dx+Q2 dy

0-,

"-2

qJ':t (2 ); 1 (1 )

2 ( 2 )

" 1 ., 1 2
, h 8.
"' 1 ( 1 ) 2 (2 )

"- 1 ( 1 )

= "-2

j~

.11.8

2 (2)

() , (71)~
, ':l

()

( -

2)

dx + 2 dy

xdx =0,

y~

dx+2xy dy =

'.

xdx=O,

dx

).,:11

= 1

, . 1 (, )=.

"-1

1 ( 1 ) =

1 ()

_ dx

~2

2dy =0,

-=,

. 2 (, ) = - . II ilI

'1 () = -\-\2(2).

(:2)

.11.8

,: '

51
, , lf,
<:!

_ 2,
( 2)

() h

< () = -; .

()

dX+ 2xydV-d

==

IIlI ,

log

+ ;2

, .

(60)
(, )

(60)

dx

+ Q (, ) dy =

(, ) =

-d+-

()

(60)

dy=O.

11 () I.II,

('/)

~=..l..=,
'
Q

oaK~e

'

=Q

'

. , (, ) lj

(60).

'

. (, ) < () = (, ) [ (. ), . ( .
l1

(60)

(60")

I(,

'l (
tt

dx=~.

52
,

i1p'Oza ,

i1 , .

, , ~;

(65)

Q.

l.) ~

( 2

(72)

(, )

(62)

- 1) dx

+ (1 -

Q (",) = 1- ~,2.

2! dy

. ..
,Q

=--,

h
d

dy

}:=-'

( - ) dx + (~ - ) dy = ,
\

(64'),

81,

----=.

(72)

=-.
2

28,

dy +f(x) +' (=.

dx

l'

[f(x) +' () dx +dy=O.

_)

....

~ Jl (65).

53

Q=I,

P=f(x)y+rp(x), -=f(x)

_Q

rj.

0.11.

(-(),

06h

dx

~=f(),

f dx

1).

fJ(X)dX

[f(x)y+rp

()]

dx+e

fJ(X)d X

'dy=O

lln . n ,

fJ(X)dX

'

q> ()

()

~j. Jl Jl

dx

dx =

(64'),

(N!! 7).

, .=!, ~=C.

10.

ydx-xdy =

20.

(2+2+~)d+(2+2)d=, =,

( X2+~)= .
1

=--

(1 + 2 )2 '

xv-l =.
1 + 2
( +)

dx -d=,

1
X - -,
--- ---::-=.

I1

') + -1 =

(65).

54

(2 2 - ) dx + (2 + + ) dy = , = ~ ,

60.

x2-~-++lg=.

'10.

(, ) dx -

dy = .

},=P{x)Q(y),
()

Q ()

f' ,

[(

) = () - ' () SQ () dy
P(x)Q(y)
,

80.

(, ) dx

+ Q (, ) dy =

= ________
1_ _
(, )

+ Q (, )

-=

--+

Q + Q

- -

'

21ogy_ y2 =

13.

/.

[(, , ') =

(71')

/. .

1.
-

- ';

(72')

+ [1 (, ) 'n-1 + ... + [11-1 (, ) ' + {n (, ) = .

55
t ' I< ,
h

' = >1 (, )

-'

(72')

, ' , ' = (, ) .

2 (, )

1 ).

, .

(72'),

'

~'1 (, , )

0/2 (, ,

.. , \Vn

(, , )

0/1

0/2 .(, ,

(, , )

.. /n (, , ) = 02)

flu uZQ -.

(72').

1,
(73)

'

( 2 +

+ 2) + ( + 2 + 3) ' 2

"112

3 =

('

2 ) ('

) ('

--- 2) =

' =

2 ,

' =

'

- -
2

(74)

=2"

--

--

'.

. h

33 - )' (

( -

(74)

( - 1 ) = .
~)
2

20,

:xyt"l. 1)

['

(72')

. (, ) [' -

(73).

2'+ 4

2 (, )] - - . [' -

(, )] ~ .

-2) KOHCIaHTY ,
l1 (72'), , ' ,

, (, ), ll.
Jl ,

(72'),

(72').

56

vy~ -

,_ +

4 2

' :

)h . "'l
,
,

llieH

y=Cx 2 +-,

2 -

4 2

> ,

"

(72')

(72') ,

(72'),

(72'),

. , '

h 1l '

.

(72')

'.

10.

( 2

l:
2 ) '

+ (

[( 2

2 ) ,2

2)

yl2 -

'

[( + )2 + ( arc si

- 1]

:)2]

(' --1- )

= ,

( + + ;) = .

= tg ( ~2) 1),.

' -

+ {2 + 2 ;

1)

sh (

+ )] [ - sh ( -

)]

.ll

=- .

, (}

.... -

51
40.

2 '2

50.

'2

+ 2 2 =

+3 '

+ ' -

) =

) ( 2

=0.

+ + ) =

('

) ('

2.

2
) (+ -1-- -) =0.
( y-~-C

(71')

, .

[(, ')

[(, ') =

[(, ')

dp

h '=,
=

(),

' ()

5 5' ()

dy = pdx)

dx

pdx =

dp

+ .

I(

= (), =- ' () dp + .
,

(75)

.
'2

+ 1=

! . .

(76)

(75)

pdx = 2

(76)

+1,

dy = pdx,

52

dp =

~ + .

(x-l)=[~ (- ).
)

= (),
' ()

dp ,

' () dp,

dy =

pdx =

= () ,

dy = pdx ,

=5

(1)'

() dp +

flapaMeil1apCKOM

f ' ~) dp + .

58
,

:!. ,

+ 1) " + .

) {(,')

t,

= ), =

f . )

dy

dx

f r- )

+=

dx

== -- = r- (t) .

2-. (t),

== ((,) =

2-.'

( dt + ,

. Jf u .
,

= tx

+ ' _

+ 3 -

3 ' =

3 =

3t

3 t2
P=1+ia ;

=1+f '

3[

=---

+t

3 '

9
6
-2-(1-+-[3)1 + 1 + 3 + .

d) ' ~y {(, ') = f' (, ) =

,

= .. (t) ,

dy

dx

= =

lJ. (t) ,

dy =
8.l

r- (t) dx =

'

t) 1

' (t)

(t) dt '

r- (t)

+t

dt,

+ ,

= z.

t,

59
h

f ).' (

= (t),

dt + .

1'- )

,
2 '2

(2

')

2 2

(2

)3

ty h

+ 3

(2

=-'

(2

+ t)
t

'

. , dy = pdx ,

= f~t + =

f t t -+
2

4 d[ +

(t

2)

= ~ + ~ log _t_ + .
t

+2

(t+ 2)~

=-

[2

'

-+--log

li ,

u=

t
--+
.
[+2

(, , ') =

().

dy

pdx

xdu

pdx = ' () dp
n

dx

-=

' ()

+ udx ,

+ () dx,
dp

-()

= = () ,

/ .

() = ,

dy

='=-,

dx

=.
,

.r (, )

_ 2 =

60

=
ZfJ

---

1-2'

..2L dx + 2 (1 + 2) dp ,

pdx =

l_ 2

(l_

l-fJ2

=---

==-.

..

=2+.
.

, 10
- =

pdx = -

UJ

pdp'
xdp = - , V-FJji = - V1+ pZ ~
'2

Vl+iJ2 = - 1+2

=Vl+p -

)2

='+).'

30. Hahu

ll

0 i10l11 li1 .
.t:

Vi+y'II=V~"+r1)

;;

(2

40. (l+ yl2)=

.'

, ,',
5.". '8 - 1 -

'

-XZ'- )('+'-

=0.

2, y=~, ~= _ 2 -2aarc tgp + .

1+p2

= ,

l+

+ 1

= - - , =

- 3

3+4 +
22

1) =- h , .
'! Jl ('

6).

61

-..:.. = n V1 + 21), =

60.

1 '

V1+p2 (+ Vp ll+l)1I

I~. !l.

.ll

.ll

( =

1') .

.ll

h . .ll.

10.

, .

y=f(x,y')=f(x,p).

(77)

~.ll, h .ll

pdx

dy = pdx,

f
f
== -
dx + - dp

-_r

dp = _ _
dx
f

. I .
.

= (, )

2) ,

(77)

[, (, ) ]

= 'f (, ) .

,
2

=2_ +"2'

'.

pdx = 2 pdp- pd." - xdp

+ xdx,

(dy = pdx) ,

=+
Jl. l

Y. =-++2.
2 .

20.

, .

(78)
1)

_,

=f(y,p),

( = ').

2) . ;

.

-1 (,)

= 1\1 (,),

(77) "

62
,

= -

dy = f + af ,

t!E=p-"

f'

(, ),

~ ([, (,)] =

(78)

'1' (, )

_ 4

(79)

+ 8 2 =

==-+-,

4~ ;~2 = 3 - 4y~
2'.!.

dp

-=(
1

=.
,

iz -

3
4

+ 8'.!. ~ .

63

15.

Lgrg- .

(80)

(79)

1).

()

+ t' (),

( = '),

[() q> () .
h .

dy = pdx

+ [, () dp + <' () dp

pdx = [() dx

- [() = [ [, ()

(80')

+ <' ()] t!l!..,

dx

dx
(' ()

-=
dp
- f' ()

<' ()

- f" ()

. ! Q , h _

+ 11 ().

: - ()

(81)

3h

= [ ()

(80),

+ 11 ()] f(p) + q> ().

1) ' f (, , ') =

(, , ) ";,, . , 9 -

, ' .
.1I.

= q>1

OH.la , ;I

(, v),

=-= <! (, v),

<fJ (, v),

dy = pdx

<.,
du

+ -t1<P., v =- <

(, v)

~.~

(q>t

~ du
d

+ -oq>,)
dv ,

<,

_ nq>2

3"

lI

q>
dv

~ .:-... q> I{I.

du

. .6 lj

u.

1- (, ),

. Jl .

{, '11. (,

(, )

= <2 [, (, )

~ (, ),

= <1'.

v,

64

(80)

Moryha

(81)

, h Lgrg-

'f (, ,

(80'),

, =,

(80),

(81')

(PQ)

(81')

(81')

Po-f(po) =

(80').

+ q> ()

(80). ,

(80)

) = .

, q

u.llU

(80).

(81),'

, YBehaBa . (81),

uui110U ,

. i0i

= ,2

(80),

(80).

'3,

= 2

=
3 = ,

lI.

2'

-23+32+,

2 ( - 1)%

.= 2

'

+ 8.

= , , = Ullll11 -

=l, -+-, I++, =+l, . =+l

UUi11U , . ui11 u

(80).

,
y=2xp- Z,

(=''),

, ('

pdx = 2pdx

+ (2 -

2)

dp

dx -t- ~
dp

- 2 = ,

= _1.(+ ~p8)=.f+~p
.2

~~C

'3

2
+-,
3

. .

65
.

= 2 +2,

10.
20.

(1

+) +2,

= 2

2
-3'

=---_.

+ 2~

=(-2+2) (1+)+2,'

30.

.= 2+

1 +pll,

- ptdp

~l +.,

( "- 2 dP ) .
=
1 +:"~+y l+.,
2

40, .

x~yp+ap2,

==

arc sinp
Vl _ p -2'

= V~L(. + arc s'inp).

l-p~
2

50. = 2+2" +2,

Y=-4-CX+C~ ..

-------"

1+p2 (+.+l)

=--------I
(+ -1+p2).

Vl+p2 (P+Vp2+1)

7 0.'"x+yp- 2=, ='' .

1+p2

[c+alog ( + ll+ 1)] .

- .
06.
'.

I.lirut- .

(82)

f(P)

~ ' + (')

+ f(P),

(82)

j~ ll

Lgrg- ll .ll h ..
'

dy = pdx

~h

+ xdp + f' () dp,

= [ + f' ()] dp .
.
dx

pdx = pdx

66
h. :

10.

'!.!!. = , == . =
dx

h i1lliU ui1l liut- u

(82),

(81')

+ [()

' II

Mtpa .

20.

(82')

+f'(p)=O.

> ().

, = > ()

(83)

,' ()

(82).

+ f [q>(x)

(82)

(83)

[,

(82)

1)

() , .

[() = +

(82)

Ullzu uz

'

(82)

+ ' + ,

dy

dx

-=--,

, ,

' ( =

,= )

= -

= ,

, . ,
i1U

= (

(81'),

+ )'+ /}.

1) , (83)6110 uh
KOHcTamt\ 3Ii 1{
;=

+ f () =

q> ()

+ f[ ') 1;

- (), , ,

q:;. (~j
, ~ , h, (82'),
=

-=

'f> () +

' ()

+ ' [ q> () ] <{' () '= () + <{' () -

Ip (), .

<' (),

67

=-, =
. ~peTCTaBeH

(84)

(82)

(82'),

- {' (),

= -

pf' ()

+ {().

(82),

..

dx = - '
dy = -

()

{'()

dp,
dp - pf" () dp

+ {, () dp =

- pf" () dp,

dy
-=
dx

(8&)

, '

(82),

(84)

(85)

:h
iim

06u

iipaBUx

liut-

ii ii

"(

y=ex+f(C).O=x+f'(C)
(84) 2

(81')

( (!

tf

),

Clairaut-

+ ( ,

= (t)

(t) =

, !'

+ [ () =

t = ),

+ f ()

Clairaut- .

Clairaut- tI
,

<

. , h

~ !.
:

' ( -

) = (

= +-,

. 'nlI llh

== {(),

68
. elairaut,oBa , n n
8 , n.
11 . ~

10.

2
.

I<oje

1 F", . F1 F, =2c,
F 1 F 2 , 1 2

,. .

')'

'"

== . (1

1)

'2)

Clairaut- n

. = ' V

+ " '. ,

rn

V 2 + ' 2

n . ", n, n

X"-f===I.

2.

~ 1 2 {1 .

..

. n h

v-px+cp

~--=--~..:...-

== ,

--

Clairaut,oBe

= + + 1 ,
2 -1

n n , n
(n).

( === ')

1, '=+_2,

IIn:
n

t) ~t

F.

=+- "

: 4)' =;:;;: (

. ~ce .

+ 1)"

69

==

20.

Yl 4- "

30,

=+-,

: ==- + 11 +'
x2 +y2=I,

=+

2 =

40.

+ 2

" 2,

4.

+ 2

---

' 2

17.

10.

"

4 (

2)2,

-= Z2

= (- )I

'

=-'

= z;

y=Cx+-;
8

32

'=--'

30.

1i8

,2

Clairaut-

40,

('4

(2

) '

.
2 ) '.

4'

= , 2 =

27

l:!

Lgrg-8

50.

( l +2) ( dx+y dY)=(XB+y2-t-) (

dy-y dx);

x=pcos ,

' sin , .
dp =

dB

p+cos ;

2 +2 = arc tlf ~ V 2 + 2 + ~ ( - ) .:
- - 2-2 = ,
. .

70.

fl

+ 2 dx ......: ;

= (2- ).

= - ,

70
l

+ -

'

90.

('

+ 2 ) =

'2

100,

- 1) - =

80,

',

= ,

+ - z

( 2 ) = 9.

+ = u2

11 ,

'

', '

at

+ t8 '

= tx

1
(1

+4t
+ t8)2 + ,

= 6

h
8

'. - 4 ( + ') = , =.!. . .

z

120,

Clairaut-,

Jl:

1
-

4 3 2 - 27 =

Jl

130.

'2 + 2 ' + 3 =

- 3 ,

Q,

liru~-8

-:

/:

= -; +

'

Jl

140,

'2

+ (2 -

2 - ) ' - = , CMeHO~ 2 = , 2 =

Clairaut- q;

+ (2 -

Jl: 2 = 2 2
Jl

150.

160,

2 '

+=

42

r + (

2 - ) ,
)2

=0.

~ ', ~h , h

Jl

- 2 '

= f ( )12),

t2

Clairaut-

Jl: [

170,

- f

()]2

= 4 ,

1 2 rJl Jl

dy

dx

+ () =

Q () .

71

l

(1 -

180.

')2

-dY2 dx

-2

= Q (l -

dYl
-.
dx

ys) .

= y 12 -2 , ' = , = V

Clairaut- ;
: (
2

)2 =

+ 2 =

+1

1.

(' _)2_ (l+y12) ( 2 +2)2 =0. =

190.

= sin 6

2 -1

= sin (6 + ) .

IIllJl

200.

dy =
dx

cos.6,

2 f(xy)

11

dy
dx

+L= f(xy) q> ()

, 1I0 .

210.

f,

( ....

5).

dx

== VaY -=

( ~ 1)2

220.

-t) -1

(xy+h) [( d

~~

d = .
+( 2 __ )!

______

~---x

) 1)
()

=. =-, (=
dY ).
.
dx'

Jl

h , .

1)

UgendreoBa

Qu .

72

111

dY
', __ ,dX

. () h

dY=dy-d-d=-d,

dX = dp,

=- dY=_dY,_ _ p;.
dp
dX

= += -.

CTora

dY

=-=- dX' = -, =;
h

(IO'

+ 1) :~ -

2 + h (2 -

1) -

2,

~n1)
(~)

= 2hX- ,2 + (2 + 1).

dY

h+Ch

=-=--=----

'

dX

2
_ - - hX-, + ,

u ()

. ,

230,

-Q-dx dy=O,
Qx-Py
Qx-Py
Q , n
n , (, ).

240,

(, ) tye

2
.

250.

. ON.

S)

+ 2 =-

jeHO~

N.

-'
--,
+'

= U.

73
IJ

-; + .-'; =

+ 2 =

v,

,
IJ
+ v

= 2 + 1,
.

+ 2 == 1

280. ' -'- - __ = , =

logx

' - -
' -

+ =

(2

+ log (log ).

- 1 = -' .

log - 1) =

1
>
- = 2 (1
logx)

+ .

310. '= 2 +2+ , + 2 +2= 2 .

320. xy'-y(logxy-l)=01), =
330.

' =

( ), =

-da = [1 +f(a)],

340.

(2

+ 1) ' -

[1

+ f(a)]

+ 2 = ,
(2 + 1) =

4-

. RiccatieBa

+ = logx +..

+ .

2 ('
1)

= ~

~0
3

t = log

da

dl

+) + 4 + 2 =

r. .= ,

r.l!e

74

=--,

360.

2-
(

2 '2+4'-52=('+5) (xy'-)=, (xyS-) (y-)=.

370. 2 '2_(2+)'+2=0,
=
,

(xY'-)2=';

=:- 4'

380.

y 2 (1-x 2 )-x4 =0,

x 2y 12-2xyy

.q;

sh ( + ).

390.

.
2

'2

3 3 ' +9 3 = ,

"3 = z Clairaut-OBY

z ='xz' - Z'2;

400.

,2

'

-: = 01)

41 .

2ap+.blogp+ ,

= 2 +.

= '

+ sin ' = + sin ,

= + sin , = + 2 + sin + cos .

2

. 420.

1)

dy

= pdx.

= '2 sin ' = 2 sin ,

'

75

430,

sin ,

cos

+ sin .

')

cos '

+ =

Lgd-

'

= -

'

1)

"=

YcosX,

Ce sinX

81

440.

= -

"

cos ,

= CeSin (1 -

COS .

') =',

='=,

=-'=-

2 '=.

3
2

=--2

'

_ (- -2)2 ( 32 2)- .,!.

1) '

=-

--

( Jl.

220

3.

).

11. Ci
18.

(I!

3),

Jl ,
( ),
pe~

KOHc~aHTe.

h , .
,

.
;.

(6)

Y'~ {(, )

{(, )

1f

' , 1

Maclaurin -

= + ' + 2 " + ... + " () t ...

(7)

2!

, ',

. ,

(n)""

= .

"

'

', ",

,(n)" .

(7)

h (86 '
=

(6)

. ,

' = ((,)'
(6)
I

'

.()
, (6)
(9)

=-+--y'=f2 (x,y,y')

,
" =

{ 2 ~x,y, {(,)]:= <)2 (,),

77
' , = , =

>'0
"

ts

'"

(88)

a2f
--

f
= -~2f
+2 - - ' +

(86)

.I! (, )

,2

af
+ -"
=

f a (, ,' ")
,

(89),

'" =

f 8 [,, f(x,y) , 2 (,,)] =q> (, ) ,

, =, =

'" = (, )

h (n) (

(87),

' h

1, 2, ... ),

..

\1 }

',

(86}
" '" , (87),

,
, , .
q> (, )'

(86).

ilfllu um ..

(86).

))

q> (, ), , 88
,

l (,)
,

l1

(86).

= q> (, ) = q> (, )

(87),

' ' ," , . " (n)... q

(6), h

== ,

Sl

8 .

(86)

==

(87). Cauchy
(87), .
(87.),
8 (86) .

(, )
( , ) 1) , , ,

(90)

(86) h l0 -

"+ .. + (-)"

,+ .
(-)2
+(.
- )

- - -
2!

1), . =

<n)+' ,

"

= '

78

' ",

)(0'

. (90) (86)

. ,

1).
.

'=;

(91)

"

'

, ,

' = ,
luri-

(87)

'"
,

"

"

'

, ..

"

'"

, ...

= ( + + 212 + ... + ~
+ ... ) == ,
!

2)

'

.' Toylor-

-_
.
1)

+ (

(90).

1+ -(- - )2
~ -

2~

(86)

(n>+ .

'

F (, ' ).

.1 (N~

+ . (-)n

"+

'

. ,

3),

, Ill li

( (, , ) = ,

()

= = ' 1'

( . )

= ,

(3 ( , )

()

( !. , (3 (. ) =

> .

2)

dy
dx

= , dy =
.

dx,

Jogy-Jogyo=x,

_.:..-
, =

79

' ",...

(91)

- l+(-)+

19.

-:-

(-)2

21

(-)"

+"'+,

1_

+ ... -

= '

'

(92)

/l

== f

(, ).

h, (, ) , n
, '

(92)

, lf

, r

(92) .

r ' (, )

(92);

(, )

(92).

. (,)
(.

6).

~r.

Yo'=f(xo,

)
8

1 h 1 (x~, ), -

~__D
______~_
.
,

(, ).

1 (1' 1)

1' = (1,)
~e

1 1

% 1
1 2 h (2' 12)

2' 2 .(;2' 2)
'.

2' = f (2' !)

h 2 2 2 h ,
h " 1 2

l{,

1 , M1M2~ 2 S ,

nr

(92) 1).

1) 1 2 h lj :
(. ) :

- = ( - ) ' = ( - } /( )

80
, Q

(92),

(, )
.

, ,

10.

lI .
'=

-0-::+--------- -

-()-+--------~.,

11

.
(,)

(,) (.

7).

1 (1 , ) ,

-'-

= ( -

)1 ( '

YQ) ,

! , . h
2 , "

, .,

(2 -

. - 2

2 -

1 ) 1 (\ , l)

= 2 ) f (Xl

................. ,
xn-I) 1 (n-l , Yn-I)

- n-' = (n .l{ , ,'

-=

+ (\ -

) 1 ( ' )

+ (2 -

., . 2 , ,. N
1 ) 1 ( 1 , l)

+ ... + (n -

n-l) 1 (n-1 n-l)

n,

',
0.1{ (1 - ), (; - 1 ) , ' , (n - n-1) , h .
(92), =
If '

opA!iHaTY

.l{,

81
, ,

'=,
8 - ,

1 1 ; (l' l)
h

1' =I

1 2 6h

1 1

1 1

y.f= 2
2 2

(.

1 2 .

7, 11).
20. h

7, 1)

Riccatti.eBe

~J!= 2 + 1

(92')

dx

(,

1)

(, )

8Jl '
'

(.

..

= 1

= 1.

).

(92')

=.

t , ( ,

(92'),

0,25),

1'

= 1,016

0,25

0,252

+ 1 = 1,016.

rn

- 0,25 = 1,016

- 0,25).

2
0,5;
2
0,504, .

0,5, 2 -:- 0,504~

2 (0,5; 0,504), (92'), rin
2' =
8

2'

1,127

0,5 . 0,5042

+1=

1,127.

uan. .

- 0,504 = 1,127

- 0,5),
6

82
080 . =0,75;

0,786. I

0,75, = 0,786.
(0,75; 0,786)~ (92'),

,}

0,75 0,768+ 1 = 1,463.

' =
-

0,786 = 1,463

1,463

- 0,75).

, ,
~ ,=

JlI

1,

.l.1

1,152.

, 1 , MII , 11 ,
.8 ,
(
2 (2 =

, ' =-1);

0,5, 2=,504,

M1

1 . "

0,25, l = 0,25, / = 1,016);

}'2'= 1,127); ( =0,75, =0,786,

4 (4.=

(l

(92')

18, .... 1'463):

'4== 1.152-)1).

n:,

1,

1'].

(,

1),

I.

(, ).

(, )

dy =- II +2.

dx

20.

. ~ .l.

(93)

-dy =
dx

[(,).

(94)

=-+ 1 +2 2

+ ... +n + ...
n

1 , ~2'" n ; , -
= . n (94)

(93) -

(94)

(93). llh ,

h .2l. n l
1) .' , !,r (, 1).

83
'

(93),

0 1 ).

10.

dy =2

dx

(94)

+ 2

' = 1

+ 22 + ... + - + ...
1

, h

+ 2a2~ + ... + - + ... = + ( -- 1 + 2 + '.. / + ' .. )2.

h , h

.1 =02 ,
2ll =21 ,

3 =

1 +1 2

+ 2 2 ,

.................

= +02 + 20 8 +

(1 +304)

(94),

+ ...
s

20.

02 ).

dy -=l.

dx

(9'4) , h
1

+ (22

+ .. ,+ [( + 2) +2

--

] + 1

+ ... = 1 .

'.

1)
.N!! 18,

' .

..

,
en .

2)

...

84
/
.

=- 1,

: 8

aa=l.3'

5 =

1.3.5

, ... ,

,.

=-,

,---,

24

-
6
----",
2 .4 .6

/ I>

(94),

h .

'

= \ 1 + 2" + 2 . 4 + 2 4 6 +. ..

+ + ~+
1 . 3 . 5 +. .. ,

-.

h . h

luri-

luri- .,

I(

. ,

21.

(95)

dy = f (, )
dx

85

(, ,) , ()

~-a<x<~+~

~-<<h+~

, .

1 f (, 1

()

Lipschitz-OB

1f

()

-rj.

(, )

< 1)

(, )

I < I - , 12)
(); , ,

-r .

(),

() (),

tJ ,()

, ;

(95)

< <' + ,

-r

<:. _ ..
. "'"

(d)

(95),

()

, w

dy = f

(, )

dx,

=y~+ If(x.y)'dX.

(96)

< < +

-' h ,
( )
().
-r , h
)

(96),

1 () h

'1 () = +

(97)

(, ) dx,

l ()

'1

( )

'

1)

().

f
f

(, )

9 ().

(, )

() ,-

1) . - ().

.
,

. , -r

Lipschitz-OB

,
Id!1
(, ) , . 1 l

<

(), , .

(, ) -

(, )

= ( - )')/'9 [, + ( -)),

().

')

(95) 8 = .

()

(96),

86

~ (),

!d ( ~ ) < Mh ~

, ()

) I ~ h ~ -

1 ()

1)

(d),

I ,

(97)

IY1 - 1 ~ .

(97')

1 ( )

(, ) (),

h ~ ~

+ h,

(96)

< 1 () ~ +

h 2 (.() 3

2() = + f(x,y!) dx,

= ( ) = , .
. ld. () (d) '

I 2 -

I ~ I ---:. I ~ Mh < ,

. 2 ()

- h~

+ h,

2 ( ) = ' -

(96)

~ 2 ()

< + .

h :.-

. (96),

() = + f (, n-l) dx ,

(97")

). , l1

()

(d),

I n- I ~ I .- 1< ~

( ) =..:-

1) (97)

f(x,Yo)dxl~ !1/(X,Yo>ldlx- l ,

111-Yol=1

:Jt

111 -

I ~ d I -- I ~ I - I ~ Mh ~ .
:Jto

YII ()

87
,

()

< < +

(96)

- h

h, =
() = -
()

<

If (),

< +

(96),

, rp () , .
()

(96')

rp () ,

n 4

< < + h, .
pa~MaKY - < rp () <10 +

(96)

- h

<

rp ()

(98)

+(1

- )

+ (. -

. lJ

(96'),

1)

+ ... + ( -

Yn--t)

+ ...

SN =

+ (l -

+ (2 ~ 1) + ... + ( -

n-1)

If

xo-h< <... +h

. .

(98)

'

(96'),

(96)

(96),

- ~n-I=

[f(X'Yn-l) -

{("",n-2)] dx

1) ,

, (),

I - n-I I <

I n-1 -

n-2 I d I ~ I .

~h .

1)

I - n-1 i .

, k

f (. n-2)

n-1 +_
=0=

1)

2, 3 .....

(96)

dx,

= + (. n-1) dx.

(97').

I l - I

h ~

< I

< .

88
3

= 3, (99), h

.n

h ht>
()

Kh 2

h8

IYol+Mh+M-+-+ ...

21

n- 1

31

nl

n8

1)

n8

Behlll

~I:

(98)

hn

+ ...

- h

-< -< + h, (98) '

- h -< -< + h.
- n-l (98) n - h -<

-<x~xo+h..

() =

()
11~00

148 -

()

-< < + h.

(96).
(97"), .

(98)

n ()

() = + f (, n-l) dx.

(97")

8
paSM8KY -

(100)

(98)

< -< + h,

() = = n-l
11-+00

Sn

( = ,

11~00'

1, 2, .. )

(98)

() .

(97")

1) 3 h, d'Alambert~oBor
.

89
! ,

(100),

(100~

q>

() = + f [, q> ()] dx.

. q> ()

(96)

(95)

(97")

(l')

q>

() = [! (, -1) -

f'

(, q> ()] dx.

..

Lishitz- ()

(100)

[! (, -1)'- f

(, q> (x]dx I <I-1- q> () I d I - i < h~

X~

.'! h,

n~~

.Jf(X, -1)

dx

=
[(, q> () dx
.

=Jliffi [(,-1)

dx.

n~~

= + ! (, ,-1) dx = +! (, q> (x)dx =

n~~

n~~

, i q> ()

(95) - h

(98)

(95).

, (), (), ()

q> ( )

().

q>

< < + h

()

(d),

(98)

ll

a~eHOCT

'

(100')

'd

~ = f [,
dx

: - h
f [, q> ()]
~ h

q> ()

q>

() ,

< '< +

(98)
,

< < + .

90
- , ... , 'I'! (98),

() -

---:- (n+l

- )

+ (n+2 -

n+l)

+ ...

, (),

rKn+lIX-ln+t,

()

Icp(x)-nl<

.+

(n+l)1

'

aylor-

n+ 2 /- / n + 2

+ ....

(n+2)!

11'-1'01

',"

'

I ()-n 1< -

...

n+ 1 / - /

n+ 1 . I 1'- I , ( < < 1)

--(n+l)!-

, i

(95)

(96)

- .

(),

Rn=!!n/X-Xoln [I- l +K!/X-Xol~+ .. .,

nl

1
(n+l) (n+2)

R n = KnlX~Xoln (eKIX-l_l).
~e

ICP(X)-Ynl~; Knlx~xoln (eKIX-l_l),

8h

(95)

(98) , = (xt)= ).

< <; + h,
.

I -

(95)

I < ,

dx

1)

, ,

1'=1'0

(95)

-dY =

(,) =

(1'0) =

..

(95)

[(, ),

(98).

91

=+ [, ) dx.

(1 ")

-= [[(,

(10})

YBehaBa

Yn~I)]dx1).

Y)-f(x,

., h

= 1, 2, ...

=== 1

, (),

I -1I<' I
, .

(100")

Y-Yoldlx-xol

(6),

h h

1 -

I ~M
~

1 -

111+1

+ 1 .

~M---

(-n+l}!

( +1)!

= ,

I - 1 , .
= I1

< ()

l:i ,(95)

<. <. + h ,

== (),
()

(d),

(6),

(98).

nnu nn

(95),

[(, ) niin n

(iipaBoyzaonaKY)

<. < + ,

l?nu

I f (, ) I <. ,
1)

(96)

(97").

92

I (,

) -

(, )

I <; I

I,

U1i (), il . ' ()

< <; + ,

<,

<-,

YUJlta ( )

.'

. ,

(95)

() lti
,

ilfIl

fIl

(95)

.
!,

(100'),

~a

(95),

I< '

1' ,

II'

If . -

(R) ( , - h

'

(95)

< <; ' + ,

ll il, ~
(

R ),
f (, ) " Lipschitz.OB .

/ 1

, ( !' 1 )

: h ()

(4')

If
h

(, )

- f (, )

/ !,

I <; K 1 I -

I<,

I.

(95)

93

0 1

ht

< < 0 + h
1

xo-h<x<xo+h.

01

+ h = 1 - h <
< < + h 0
h < < 0 + h , . (x -h
0 1 )
h < < 1 + 1 .xo-Iz <
< < + h. ,
0 +h

'
h < < 0 + h ~ - h< < + h,

- h < < + h.
02 38 = 0 + h
( 0 , 02)

1 -

Xt)1 -

01

li. ( \
1 -

02

(R%)

(95)

h.

1)

1,

8-

1 ,

< < 0 + h
2

02

2 ,

< < 02 + 2

(02
<1

+h

h 2 , 2 ) x o1 -h 1 <x<
(2 , 2
h 2 )

< <

h1

1 +.h 1
u , .
1

-,

1 8 .
.

r'

()

dy = f(x,y)
- dx

G.

(, )

(, )

1)

03 -

I - 1< ,

I - 1< .

< <x

- .

n n ,

+ 02'
f
Q2

(, )

< < + bz ,

< 2

Lipschitz-OB .

94

n , nh .

=+ ({,) dx,

q () fiocallipaHoj .lliU
lli,

lli' ' - n

f {(, )

dx

n n n

n, , ),

10.

dy

(102)

=-.

(, ) =

JI , .

< < + .

II

f = 1

1.

h ;,

'h f '
=

. l!l q n

= +JYdX.

. n 1 (), sn
,

11 =

+ dx =

(1

+),

= 1 ().

', n

95
2 () h , ,
~

12 =

. + 1 dx =. + (1 + )

( 1 + + ~:) ,

dx =

= , I 8 2 (0)= ' h h
() t. t8

n= +JXYn-

dx

=(l++++
... + n ),
2!
3!
!

""'" II '

...1I1

=10+

ydx==yo

21

n!

I++--+ ... +-+ ... =&=,

llil lli1iU Uiiitz u

(102)

, = ,,

.- ll

20.

._

.. t

dy
dx

(103)
.381(1

---=

I I < 1, I I ~

2
-,
I

11)

h 1 (),

1-2

Bp~HOCT ()

() ().

=0,

(, ) =

l =

1.

! _ 2
,
=

: -

. , ' =
() = , h

1 =

fX2dX= __ ~8 ;

1) . - 1

< < + 1,

- 1

< < + 1.

//

96
,

.2 = (

2) =

2 -

f(;: - 2)

dx =

32X~ 7 _ ~a ;

, ,
'

(22

2)

dx =

;<14

2 1

34 . 72

38 . 7

+- .
32
6

dx

'

(104)

=l,

I I <h

=I,

=l, .=,

=,

< 1,

<.

pe.ll,

h:

(103),

(104)
I < 1,

(103)

10.

I I<

].

'

()

dy =2_' 2
dx
'
fi

()

= 1

-1<<l,

<<

'r JIflTe

'

20.

I I < h < 3" .

n .

,.

t~=X2+y2,
n ,

()

I I < 1, I I < 1

Jx l <h<"2'

ll

22.

(, ) .

'-

ll lii

dy =f(x,
dx

(105)

)'

(, .) .

(.N'!! 21).

(, )

= = '

1
f

(, )

( , ) ~

(105)

dx
1
-=--dy
f(x, )

(106)

Kat<o

f(x,

( , ) ',

()

(106)

()

( , )

' = dx =

[( , )

dyo

= !)

(105)

( , )
l .

1) , , ( I I

98
, .

dy

(106')

-=dx

{(,) =~

= .

dx

dy =

( ' ) =
,
2 =

. '

(106')

2 ( -)!)

= , = , . 3 iC
( ' ) ).

28.

8.

, ) = -

(, ) .

f(x,

h
'

(105)

'
"

. uz

(105).

.ll

, Jl,

(107)

= = . - , .

= u 2 ).

1) (106')

<

dy =

dx,

VZ

~ = -

2) 1 2 1 2 31,

y2=2(x-.

99
I

(108)
1 , 2 , ~1 ~2 ,

(108')

1 ~1 I =4= .
2 ~2

(1. ~I

(108),

(107),

dI] = }-,
dE . .

(109)

. .

dI]
(1.2 dx
-=
d~
1 dx

(109')
, ~ Jf

(108)

+ ~2 dy ,
+ ~1 dy

(107),

dI]
(
- = -2 --- 2
dE
1 (2

+ 2 ) + ~2 (1 + 1 )
+ 2 ) + ~1 ( 1 + 1 )

~i

+ (1 + 61 ) =
1 ( 2 + 2 ) + ~1 (1 + 1 ) =

(1.2

( 2 + 2 )

(32

{1l0)

2 ( 2 -

(111 )

1 ( 2

.)

+ ~2 1 =

+ ~1 1 =

(109,)_

(108),

(110)

(1.2

(1.1

'

2 2

(1.!

2 ~2

+ ~2 ),

+ ~1 ).

+ ~2 (1

+ ~1 ( 1

) = ,

.) = .
~

, .

(111) 1 ~1 n

,
, .

100
', }1

,2 - 2 +
(

(112)

1 ),

+ 2 1

1 2 =

h :

)
, flpUMep,
u

'1 U '2

u (112) , 8~

'1 ~ '2> ,

= '1' }1 =

'2

(109) flocillaje 1)
(113)

dE

q=CEr;

(114)

'1
'2

dq

-=-

dE

2
2

, rn

I)

'1) =

dq

- = . = , ' I) =
dE
(113).

(113)
01)

80.

11
.

----?i~:---!

8.

'(.

1) '1

= ,

~1

(./ ~/

(110) (111) - = ~2

1)

01

-,
02 -

'2>'1 > ,

(5 =0,

1'}

(111).

~2

(110),

'2

= .

'

(108). , (108') , 3 -

8, 1) 2)

).

l
7"'

~1

=-- -0102 -

'

'

(108').

1]

Ii l)

101
.

1.

dq

2q

dE=T'

( = , f)

= 0)

= ,

f} =

' , 1 (.

20.

8, 11);
8, 11).

2 (.

df}

3!}
dE=E'

(=, =).

(CII. 8, 11),

'1 '2
'1 =
'2

8.
dq = - k l

'

~= -

< (109)

1
"= CE-k = _

df}

'"

-,

! (.

fJu

(112)

9, 1)

q=

f} =
.

k c _1_.

, .

'1

JL

='

/1

.
.

V .

( =

, f)

_ , d f} _
dE

38

q -+ , d _
dq

102
(

, f)

) il1 iii

'

10.

dCJ =

~, =

de'

r (

. :-:-0

, '

2 , :(.

9, 11),

).

20.

dCJ
2
-=-d:

(: =

:,

9, 11).

f) =

..

1 2

'1 '2 (112),

'

:2'

(.

(113) 1).

(109)

.i1

+ vi,

f}

- vi

du
-idv = -(_ _qi)
--_.(

dU+idu

- vi)

- qi) (

+ vi)

( -,qu)

(115)

du =

+ qv)

dv

du +)ldv
, 2

+ !...q (udv- vdu) =

udu+ Vdv +!.... udv- vdu = ,

.
VJI
q 2
v!
(5 =

1)

(109),
3

(109),

t!!J = 2:.

.:!..

d"5

5-+ 5

=1= .

1]-+

d1]
. ds

, 1]

= )

tr..

103
, ,

log

VU +V + .f. arc tgY- =

2

V-+v=
2

Ce-Q arc

log

U.

h ,

u=

cos 8 , ' v =

sin 8 ,

(116)

_--
q

Ouv

(.

10),

'

.II. 1(J

hh , ll

, ~a

(.

10) u (115).
d) .

u (112) ()

'1 '2

'1 =1.=qi, '2 = .=

(117)

(115)

du

.(

+ v dv = ,

qi
)
---+-~-+--I-I_

(118)

+ v2 =

.
(.

11).

Ouv

..

11

'1

"2

=, =='1. =

2,= 2 + 1 ,
'

(111)

(117).
. (1 12)

104
(119)
:

1 ~1

(119)

(107)

dy

( 120)

-- ---, - ,
dx

=,

lfI

( )

, I<

(120) (. 12).
~) /(iii

____

(119) '

m 1 1 .

--~E------x

, .
2 - 1

(120')
.

12

_ !!2- 1_

.2

(112),

. 0:1 ~1

(108)

(119)

=1

- 1
2

, ff

(121)
11 (107)

r!.-

dE - a dx1

dy

-
2

dy

(108),

105

(121)

(120')

2 + 1

r=

d'!j =1 + 1
--

dE

d'!j

(122)

-=

dE

.!:

'!j=CE+..!...ElogE,

(123)

( +

d'!j =

~ -+- dE

..!... log +..!...) =

~ --

. , h
= , '!
(. 13, 1, 11), > r
.
( = , '! = ) 80 q (122)

<

'1

11
.

13

. "'10

(124)

dy

(, )

dx

--=

(, )

(, )

(, ) .

h (. , )
.

( , ) =

(125)

( ' ) = ;

.
1

.'02

+ 1

= - -

.
(120').

(112)

(124)

106

(125).

n '

( , )

( 1

Qn

= , 1 =0),

= + 1 , =+1.
( , ) ( 1 = ,
1

= ). , (, ),

Q (, )

(, )
r

(, )

Q (

(, ).

~ n n

n (, ).' " (, ) Q.(x, )

ll n

(')=1 1

+ 1 + [(, ),

Q (, )

[( , )

--.: 2

2 + (, ) ,

(, )

, . [(, ) (, )

' n = , = , l;l
n (124) n IIl!
n (107). n~
(124) n n n

(107)

dx

'

+ 1 + [(, ) 2 + 2 + (, )

dy
1
-=-

(124')

(124)

(, )

(108)

()

[1

f (, )

(1::

1)

1 (, 1)),

(, ). n (, )

. .

(112)

h , ..

n (n

i11 ), n

(124' (, ) (124~.
(, )

},

d'(

+ 1 L+

---'

%.+0 II
y~O 2

[(,)

----;--0-

Lt

(, )

(124")

k=dy =lim L
dx

%~O

y~o

107
~

{(,) = ,

' (,) = .

.,-.0

;,(-'0
y~o

(124') .

(124")

y~O

(, ).

'F

(124")
k
(112) ,. k 1 k 2 ,

(124"),

dq

dE

()

{l0-

Q ,

< u ' ~.
il

(107).

d)

,.

(124')

OB.I(e

&

dy
dx

(126)

-9 -4 +52

- 6 -4.1

+ 5

6~ -6- 4 2 +

6-9- 4 +5 2=,
. =, =;

(126)

1,

=2;

5 =,

=2, = 1.

, .

=, ) =0. ,

(112),

'1

'2

). = 3, = ~ 6. , ~, ,
), Ta.IJKa =0, = l1iIi (126). '
lf lS> = , = ,

6-9 L -4y+5 y
dy l'
- = lffi

dt

x.. .

--------

;=:g 6- 6 L

-4x +5

, 6-9k
k=-6-6k'

108

k= dy = .2..,
dx
-+
y~O

(126)

=2

'1:::--"----'5

=-,/

){

(126).

) (.

14).

= 1, =2. (126)

(126')

14

=+2,

x=E+l,

dI}
- 2:
7 1) - 4 : 11
5 112
-=
8 ~ - I} - 4:2
5 : l}
dE

, .q

'1 = 9. '2 = 6.

' (:

,2 -

(: =

15,

+ 54 =

(112).

,. = ), . =

(126).

I-boj

. ), '
tt

1,

=2

k =

2'+ 1 k
8-k '

k= dq = ~
dE
;~OE"
I)~

, ' ( = ,

11 =

). . ' ( =

1,

=2,

2),

=-,

109
~j.

npt'1I8 (126'),
=2%,

TaKoI)e

y=-~+'

(=
: , .

1,

=2) .l1 (.

(126).

14).

..

/ :

10. 'n
% ==12, = 1.
'

(126)

2 0 . ~,

. dp

d8=-p2,

,..

I :

=- ,

== sin ,

'

.l1

9= + log IIOg

~ ~

uy . Jt '.'
40~ n

dy

1
dx='X-l
l'
,.og

. , 1{n

.
l

, ,,

f;[

l'

, = + log'

".

log

Ixl'/' .

'

IV.

24.

r~

[(,,')=

(127)
~ . r

(128)

rp (, , ) = ,

KdHctaHTa. h

(128),

' . ,

!I' , (127) r.
, ' h
~ .
,

(129)

xll) yl2 = 1 - 1'1

(1 -

Jl (!!

(130)

5)

+ 2

1-

2 I

. .

= 1 (129)

(130)

., Q Clairaut- (!!

(127).

[(, ,

1')

16).

, . ',

, , ' f (', ' ') = , f =t= , ,

' ,

(127')

dy

dx.

'

(121)

(, ).

~ (, ), ,

Lipschitz-OB :, (127;)
(127) = . (),
= V = h (!! 21).

111
I

(127).

uu , (12

U uu

UUU

, , '

' ,

(L27)

.ii1
, , '

tl

UUU .ii1.

(, ') , , '

'

( , ') = , f =F ,
'

. , UUU .

?,

( , , ') == '"
_af =

iiii1 , UUU .ii1 u 6U8UU

, , '.

u u.

UUU

h .,

u .ll u.

y='1'

(127)

()

af = .

(131)

dy'
=

-'1' (~),

'

(127) (131), zu
(127). (127) (131) (127)
',

2 f

-----=F
t2
t

(131)
'

(131')

(132)
=

(127)

(, )

f [, , (; )] = D (, ) =

'1' ().

'

(,)

=0,

.JI ' ' (127) (131)

112

..ll.8

D (, ) ,

(131)

(127).

'

+ ' =. D (, )

(131'),

(132')

'

D (, )

(132)

D (, )

-=

dD (, ) =

(133)

+ ! =

!
dx
,

(132)

D (, ) dx

D (, ) dy

- .
- ' (, . ) d + ' (, , ) d

(132')

'

(133),

(127)

(!

(132)

(133)

'

UllllU Ull

if ' (127)

(132)

(127),

(131),

(134)

'
-

-'

..

'

(127),

(13)

(134) . a~o = q> ()

(27), lt _

, 'if

+ ' ' +'

(131),

(127)

" = ,

, ,

'

(127),

(134).
(134)

(131).

'

(127)

(131)

113

.

[(, , ') =

(129)

r<tecTo

(127)1).

+ 2 = ,

(1- 2 ) yl2 -1

'

2 ' (1- 2 ) = ;

' h
2-1=0,
~

=.+ 1

=+l.

(129)

=1

2).

(129)

(127)

+1

(l27')

.... (, )

Lipschitz-OB ,

~~ . ,

(129)

. . (,)=+ : ~:'

~~=+

1-

2' = ,

V(1- x )(1- i)
2

2 =

1-

~~ , =+ 1, =
(12.9).

+ 1

+ 1, = + 1 (.

4').

, \
f .

(127)

' ;.

l,

+ f ' =

'

'

= - f'
'

1)

rl1
,

2)

'

!1!l

(127)

(127),

(134).

1] 4
(127) Jt8 (127'),

dll' -:- .
-

= - (){' .
'

.,

(131),

'!.

Lipschitz

08

(, ) (127')' Lipschitz-08 n,
. , ,

'= -,

1 .

2 V-

-=

=-,
'

'

().,'

l<, 8-

, .

(127)

C~ '

(127)

(127).1)

(127)

l,

(131), I

~8

' =

{(, , )
,

f =0.

D(x, )=

(135)

= '1' (). AI(O

3. II

(127)

z i1i

(127),

D(x,y) = D 1 '(x,
I(

MeCTU

, .

(135)

. D 2 (x,y)==0,
.,

'

1) , ' (127)
031) (127)

115
,

.'l

{(,,')

(136)

4 2 '2

+ 4 2 -

+ ')2 =

' = h

(, , )

422

+ 4 2

( )2

- =

82

- 2

(+)

"

'
=0.

lI1\1 3 h h
2 (3 2

2 )

1)

=, =v, =-,
. ,.- ---+~IE--+-+-~--+-+--,x

(136),

(-2)2

+ 2 -

(.

15)

<=:0,

15

-=
'V

-'=
V

KpyroBa,

25.

\, s ft.

'

{'(, , ') =

(137)

,
\.

.'I

(138)
h

rp(x,y,

)=.

'

(138)

.u

., lli jeHa~He

(137) 2).

(, )
, 1 (.

16) 8).

1) .. 'l (136) ' =

2)

1 . .

(138)

1'.

06u.

. I1

lI 'l

(137).

, ~ 2 . .

116
(, ) 1

1 ,

, . '

(137).

(; )

(~, ).

. , , ' (, )

(137)

; f = , . (, )
'

8 ' .

~o~------~--------------------x
.

16

' '
(137).

~I:I (137), ~j. 06

il (138) ilfi

(137). (138)
h h ,

r:

(137)

h ().
, !f

(,. , ) =( - 2)2

(136)

+ 2 -

2 = .

_ _ 4 (-2)-2=0

, . h

32

2 =0

117
, ~ao ,

(136) 1).

, ,
.l1

tt

2)

.~

(38)

f137) af - , . '
'

. , ,

lI

(137)

= . ()

= () l<

_.

q,

(138).

l<,

f (, ~, ') = ,

i)f

(138')

(, , ')

(, , ') + ()f ' + af " = ,

'

f(. , ')_

'

+ af ,+{ " =

'

. ( , ) h

=- ( ) =

= . ( ),

(138')

'

' ( ) =

' . .'

"

." =f= , (f,)

0-- ," . '

."

.' ( ).

.( af) (" - ")

"

'

=
..

. (n-1) _

n- 1 ,

(n- 1 ) -

-,

(11) - - .(n) -L

01'

(' ) =- .

' , '

1) u (138)

=0,
u.

= .

r.

11)
"

n .

TOA,te

118

}.

'2

2'

4 =

2 = (- ),

=+2.

4'2_9

=0,

= +

(139)
8

= ,

'

' ~ n .1l
(.

3'.

'2

'

4)

(139).

1)

')2

y=Ce X +-,

'

= +2e~

40.

2 ('

_ 1) _ (2 _

02)

=-----;
-
lf

= ,

50.,
'. .

cos2 -

lI

.
1)

'

2 '

sin 2 ( + 2 - sin 2 ::::

+. ~ 2 + cos ( = ,
2

lI nOMohy II,

_) . 2 -:.. ' = yt, )t'

l - t2
= -t-'
11 dy

= pdx,

'

= 1 + t2

t,

119

y=xtga,

8 = .,

60,

(.N'!I 14)

,8

4'

8 2

= q

R8

(- )2,

=-,

27

70.

('

)2

+ 2 -

2 (

(1

'2) =

+ ) + 2 =

=0

=;

= MeCTfI . .
~.

y'=Vy-+ 1
lYJ.8

=.

90,

('2 =_ )

lJ

l'

(V

100,

- 1 ) '-

= 2 ;

'+=+

Vx

+2y

1)
2

y=Cx+-,
2

1) 2

+ 2 = u2 ,

120

11 ,

y=sin(x+

).

=+

120,

'2

IfMa

+ ( -

2)

= (

+1=

2) + + 1 ,

'

1.

lf

130.

,2

+ ( + ) ' -

4 = 4d -

14.

d=

)2,

1 )
(32

)2

= 4x 3 v 8 ,4. :> ( -

8 ?

150,

'

+ ' -

2 2

t = 2 Clairaut-

t d1' +~ (dy
dt

= 2

+ 2

1)

y=x'z,

Z iI

)2

dt

x=et

);

121

160,

'2

= -,

t=

2 3 2 '

_ i1x 2y 3 =

~ Clairaut-

Z'2
+ 4'

z = fz'

dZ)
dt. ;

Z'

170,

4'2

180.

= ;

3.

)2

( - )2 ,

( 2 ~ 2 ) ,2

(3

+ )2 =

2'- 2

= ,

( 2

+ 2+ 2 =

2 ,

2 +2

= 2,

= ,

190

xy,g

'

+=

2=+ '

200,

+ 1) ,2 -

4,

+ ) ' + =

y=Cx+-.-,
-1

2- 2
= (-1)2'

,=

-l

)2

= [) ,

122
210.

(3
.

+ 1) '2 -

(2

+ ) ' + 9.=

JI

=+

(-)2

.'

220.

( .

+ 5) y'~- ( + ) ' + =

=+

"_

--

-2
(3 -l)2 '

5 2
,
3C-l

V.

26.

1.

- '

, w. ' ,
r

. i ,
. ,
.

(nope.:t

Kpyra1 )

Kpyra.

, ,

(. ) ,

. l' ,

, .

:
.

(.N'!! 1, 5).

l m iillu , .

dv =kx.
dx
liq , w'

= ~kX2+ ,
"

) / "
llll

f<puBnne

illtta

mll, .

(1 +yrZ)2
"

Apyrora

, .

1) ().

124

, , . ~ '
()tJ .

) 6

i1oil1eza,

Kp~y " m

10.

.e~y m'!il1

i1oil1eza

u 6 i10,

) 6 .

) .f. == [(),

) .f. = [(8) ,

) ... = [(, 8).

'

'

'

'. , )

((8)

d8

de

"

[(8)

.
. 20.

=J-.!!!i.
+
f(8)

1 ,

Jl~:)

log

= dp

mu

) ii , ) 6u

i1oil1eza,

) 6u

f' Jl 8 (

s = [(8) ,

ds = {' (8) 8 ,

s=f(p),

+ 2 8

-+ 2 d8

d p2
HeK~ , ,

27.

+ 2 2 =

=:::

f (8) = k8,

k2 d8 2

[12 (8) dA2 ;

fl2 ()

dp" ;

d
f d8.
~"= f
- 8

s = {( , 8) ,

dp2

ds=f"(p)dp;

2 t 2

ds 2 = d p2 -f 2 d8 2

(f dp + f d8 ')2 .

, )

(:'~) 2 + 2 =

k2 ,

k.in (8

) lJ

+ ).
npBora
HfKa

. k .

1) tg v = ~. v tl .

125
{(,, ) = .

(140)

~ 8lf . ,

..

ll kS

(,, )

(141)

(141)

(140) i1iu z w.

(1)

, "

,~, (141)
2

us u (140), =.!.., )).

"

(141)

i1i u
,

)'

'

(140).

(140)

(141).

(141)

(140)

( ) (1 )

l,

Jl

(1).

lf (<<)

17

17)

. q

1 (.

(140),

Ql.10 (,).

111 (, )

( ), ,

,
1 '

(141),

(1),

" "'1 (. 17).

(142)

= "1 - ", tg = tg (-r1 --r) =

' ,

(142')

tg =

+ tg "1 tg " =

+- ,

tg " -tg"
1

+ tg"l tg" .

'1'

(0:1.)'

(:) (, '"

af
(143)

",

-+-tgt=,

(140),

(140);

126
\! , ( 1 ),

(140)

t fg:1 ='.

tg

(144)

'+ !

(140)

cel<Y

npeMa'(142),

/(

, ~ '(143), ,

\f

(140)

.h

'

(, , ') =

. (140). ll

8~

q> (", ) = .

= ~, " '
.

(140)

"

(142')

(144),

, \f

f _ f '=.

(143),

~ l:J

w ,

(140) h

.n '

(, , ')

= ,

!l ll

q> (, , ) =
.

10 H.z:hU

u
=

(145)

(140),

u U(} 8. . :m. (1),

h
'=,

' ' '.

,

(145')

t-=
6

'-

-_.~,

1+ '

(142),

127
(145) f , h

+') tg

(149)

00=

'' - ,

tg .-; =

tg w [~ log

( 2 + 2) -

log

=""

cotg (u

. 8 .

20. Haflu

1)

(!47)

h
'

n n - 1 .,

'.

, (142'),

+ naxrr-

'

.
q

(147), 6h

Il I .
+ n'

(147')

(145)

1) l\ (146)RII .
, lI:
, lI, u (14~) h. ( 3).
()

= '

, '= '-.

, (142), ll n

(145)

, () cs Jl.

(146)

'

'h

(1421,

n..

(145)

.lJl

'

(142),

(145')

, II T~ (145'1

(145)

(145)

. , Jf .

128

2 +n2=,

. . 1 )
)

tg w = tg (v 1

"1

= ,

w (1 ) (

18

(149)

{(, , )

(148)

O~'------I------~.x

v) =

v -tg v
1
1 Ig V1 tg v
tg

l1
18). ( 1 ) ~

( 1 ) (1 ) Il (, ), (.

(148), t< , v

tgv=- _.2)

(150)

tl

f V1 (1 )

tgv1 =

(151 )

--.
'

(150) (151) (149),

f

(152)

tg w = -f

,f

f-"

1) . '
ll , ' ,

(142),

1
--;.

(14 )

~y'-ny ~
080

', h

jI'

(147').

2)

()

tg v =
(148)

f..
'

' h

-+--=

(), h

(150).

129
V V1 (148)
. If

(148)

F(8,

, ')

=0,

(8, , ) =

JI,

(149)

1 +tg V1 tg 11= ,

(153)

tg w =

'

(152)

1 f _ 2 f =
8

(8) , h

F (,

, ')

. -

(8, ,

01) .

=--,
(-

1)

, .ll lI,

"

"1'

(148),

(149)

(153),

- D, ,

0ile

(, , )

'.

- +
-'-.

(, , ')

(154)
, :

(153),

....

'

.... . (,

' . (, )

v . "1 "

+ ...

I) .

(154)

(' '

.8

..
'

Jl. eorvv,
-

(, , )

= .
9

130
n .,

cos -

sin =

1)

p~

cos

sin

sin cos =

, h I .

'

sin cos

(sin2 e + 2 052 ) =

,. ,
I

' -

L h
'

'

(sin

+ 2 082 ) +

8in

=.0,

sinecosede
sin2 e+2 cos2

dp

-=------

d (81! )
1 + cos 2

2 dp =

'

2 =

(1 + cos2

iii u .

1'8

iii

Jt n . Clairaut~

Soll S8

()

I,

= {),

:I

., Jl (

()

- ' -= f (')

16)

f (),

' =

(')
.

' =

' ()

()

KpllBe ().

1)

- ",

.in

0.1.

KpJlBe (),

131

() (), 3 ()

(') , .

(),

F () = F [ ()] = ~ ()

() h

() =

()

== ~

()

().

()

()

().

()

. ().

8 \{ ()
h

()

+ =

()

(P)=Pf(- ~)
olila

dx= dy h

(1 + 2 ) dy

+ ypdp =

' (dp),

8' .

( V1 + 2) = . ' () dp

V1 +2

'

Vl +2=+ p~' () dp
V 1 +2

= V1 ~ 2 ( + PV~~~ ;~

(d)

() h

( )'

() -

tt

(d)

V1 + 2

+ '
() dP )
V1 + i~

() TaHreU8Ta f',>.'.

(), . 1l () , ,'::i l ,
, f 80 u)z

(f)

2+4

=0,

132
Clairaut-o~ S -

QBe ~

(f)

'+2=0,

'

=--=--

(f),

=--

fi:Tora

(f)

'

. 2

y_xp.~--+-=--

.,

yLxp=--,

~ . h
+

-: ",

' ,

> ()

(d) () !

", .

1+"

[c+alog(p+V 1+;")]'

V1+p2

[c+alog(p+V l+2 )] ,

(f)

10.

... . -

u (~ JI),

, t> "

(154)

+.

-+-=1;

'2+ 2 _2_(-),
_.

'1'

--01).,

.)
..,:"

y!=z, t=x'l

1
- -;.

133
It

. r:

I<

I< .

20.

2 = 2 (-).

= .

30.

2 ---,. =

40.

= !!
2

-+---=1.
2
2
50.

tg w = k

60.

-k6

I l<'
( 2

2)2

22 ( 2

2)=

(X 2+y2)d_ 2=

n , h
.

70.

n =

sin

n =

Ccosn

' tlairaut-

z=

tl- ( -

z'

) - -

1+z'

ifr
'!

-+

-+
. .

=1,

13.4

80.

=__1 + cosO

sin

90,

(1

+ cos )

=2 Csin2~.
2

100.

---. . 1 - cos

----,

1
28.

+ cos

li .

(155)

(, ,

z) =

:
h

(155)

. q

(155)
(155)

(155)

: lt

(155)

.1)

(155)

,
.

[(, ,

) 1)

z) =

(155)
,

z=a.

h h .
, .
.

135
Jl

f(x, ,

(156)

(156).
.

(155),

ci:

. n

(155)

'1' n

(155) , . n (156), t. n (156).

.

(156)

(, , )

(155)

f(x,y, z) =

(, , )

n
.

(155)

(157)

+ 2 + cz =
2

11).

Jl

+ 2 + czl =

1, z =

. ~

+ +

1,

.; : . n . .11

+ ';- ,

.ln lI

axy'-=,

"

(15.7)

a.r+by2+czl=l, = "
1)

. - lI .

, ~. 804 40.

136

AI<O

(157)

(157)

Oz

.
.

1'.

z=axy

z=

-z=axy,
20.

z=o:,

2_ 2=.

z2=2xy

Z2 =

30.

Z2 =

z =.0:,

2,

2,

=-= .

yll-

----2z=0

,
. HajBeher

29. ,

2
- - - - 2z=0,
.
q

[(, ,

(158)

z=

yq

0:,

z)

z - q>

lIa

- - - - 2z =

(158),

(, ) =

1).

, , "u

y+dy, z

(158).

+ dz)

(, ,

z) 1 (

~ (158)

1)

1. ")

Z-z

oz

--=--=-!
!
!

()

(.

+ dx,

(158)

:.,

/,. (t),

= 12 (,

q> (, 1) = /l (t), 2 (t)]

= 18 (t).

137

X-x-dx

Y-y-dy

! +df

dx

-=

+ df

Z-z-(iz

=-

+ df

(~)

Z-z

--=--=--
-q
1

X-x-dx= Y-y-dy =Z-z-dz

- -- dp
-q - d q l

~ (158),
z (158)

, , , ,

dx

dy

dz

! +df

+' df

! +df

iJz

dy

d~

-q

dx
~p

-p-dp -q-dq
,

1=0.

dx
()

dy

dz

f
d

d~f

d f
dz

=0,

dy

dz

-q

-dp

-dq

d"
()

= 0. .'1)

1) (a~ () .\.: () (~) w

(158), , u, . .

W1l

.'t u

ll . ll., . . u.

() (

1.38
~

dz = pdx

+ qdy ,

dp = r dx

+ s dy ,

dq = s dx

dx

dy

pdx+qdy

-9

-rdx-sdy -sdx-tdy

+ t dy,

[ s (1 +q2) _ qt] (d y )2

+[ +

(1
q2) _ (1
dx
+pqr-(l +p2)S=0.

(159)

+2) t] dx
dy +

( .) , ,

(158) ' ~
. 3
,

(158)
(159),

q,

s, t

(, ) (dy )2 +N(x,y) dy +(,)=,

(160)

dx

dx

(158)

(158)

l).

(160)

~;'

dy.
dx

, , z, ' dz

(158). () (~)
tI () ().

, _ ,

Z-z

~=-b-=-c-'

, ,

z,

(, , . .

, '

', ',

z',

', /' '

(N2 257)

'

'

z'

'

'

'

t.

(:

=0,

. ~,)h).

(160), Z dz (158) (),

. z dz (158) ().
(158).

139

(160)

(158)

=/(,);

(158)

(158).

(159)

(158)

l). , 8

11! 2). ; .
.r,

(158),

(159)

(160)

II4 ,

t 8).

h

u ~
. 4 ).

08

er

~
.
.

10.

/ . Uu. apa~

60

z=--.

._=p=.~

, --=q=-,

(159)

2 z
2z
1
-==, - - = S = - ,
'!.

2 z
-=t=

( 2 + 2 ) (d y )2 = 2 + 2
dx

1)
2)

. iuh.

341).

] R.i

140
JI

dy
2 +

+ dx =0,
- V2 +2

JI l( JI
.

log ( + 2 + 2) +log (+ 2 +2) = log .

JI

V2 +

( +
al<O

2)-( + 1,2 + )

h JI

+ 2 + 2

~-;:=;;==:=~- =

+ 2 +'2

ll 8 JI

+ 2 +2)(+ Va2 + 2) =

JI ,
,

20,

i ! uu uU1lU

{(, , z) = z - arc tg . = .

(161)

~Q JI

(162)

= cos ,

sin

z=

()

dx=cosOdp-sid,

()

(161),

8'

2 + 2

-=--=---, -=

d f = _
d f =

+2

cos d + sin d ,

d !=0
.()Z

cos

=---

sin dp + cosO. d ,

()

sin

(162),

dy=sinOdp+pcosOdO, dz=adO,

f = 1
z

141
(),

() R

(!3)

()

() h

(161)

(2

d p2 -

+ ) d8
2

{Jp_+1~+~

d8-- r '

-(-)]

(162)

10.

_! log (cos eos )

z=

p=tgax"
.

(159)

q=tgay,

cos

, s=O, t = - - co~

qy

dy
cos

dx
eos

--=-----=,

log.tg

1t -

.+ log tg 1t-2ax
4
=

log

+
t

1t -

2 ' t 1t - -2 -
4
.g
4
-

1t

-2

t 1t-2ax
g
'4

"'""=

'.

142
-

tg + 2 = 1).
4

2. ' .

== -

&

+ v + , = - v + 3, z=
dx = ( + v
3 ) du + v dv
dy= - vdu + (3
3
3) dv
2

2 -

3 -'-

du -'-

2 -

dv.

()

(,

d D (, z)

, ,

l
(1

(, )

{, )

d D (z,x)

dD (, )

(, )

D (, )

D (, ")

dz

(, )

D (z,

z)

D (, )

dy

dx
D

v2,

2 -

dz

2 -

2).

+ v-2) d + 2 v dv.

2 vd + (2_2_ U dv

2...

... .

du

2 du-2v dv
2 2 _ 1 =

dv

udu

+ vdv

1 )!>

du dv

=,

=,

. .
8 . .

1)

3)
7t

+ 2

----~~=tg--~--

7t -

tg-----

2)

D(V,Z)

:0(", v)
)
.

-
Z-z
=----=----.
D(z,x)
D(x,y)
: (, V)
D(u, V)

11 =

, ,

143

30.

+ ')'

= ( -

,8

11),

z = UV,

__ 2 + 2 ,

n lI

v + Vl+v2 = ( l+ 2).
30.

lll Jl..

(163)'

(, , z)

1)

z-

q> (, )

q . ,
1 Q

i10i1 li1li1.

i10il

(163), .fi1i10 i10 (163). '

(, , z) . (163)
(, , z) n
,
'( - ) !
( ....... ) f (Z _ z) f =

-( -) -(-)

q+ (Z-z) ==0.

n n'
II (, ,

(164)

z), ,n

! d+ f dy+df dz=O, ! 2 + ! d2 +f tPz=O

(165)

- pdx - q dy

+ dz= ,

(-

qtPy+ d 2 z.=,O.

. (164) (165) n,

(163).

(166)

(164)

(165),

(164)
2!

-,- dx 2

dx2

!
{
!
+ -!!'
dy + -- dz + 2 - - , dxdy '"
z

2

f
!
+ 2 -z
- dxdz + 2 - - dydz:= 02)
z

1)

uQ\l h ,' .

Z)

(164)

.ll., h

(-' dx + - dy + - dz )(1) +

(164)

fi2x + - d%y

(166).

+ -' ([!.Z =
z

144

(165)

(167)

dp dx

(166)

+ dq dy =0.1)

(167)

(163).

dp === rdx

(167)

dq = sdx

-+ tdy,

(168)

+ sdy,

(dy )2 +2s,dy +r=O.

dx.

dx

" s, t.

; h

(169)

dy\2

(,) ( .- -)

dx

dy
+ N(x, ) -d
.+x
(, ) =0,
.

i1;u Ui1
uu;

(163)

2).

(169)

(163)

=t (, ),

(163).

(169)

li8 ,

dy ,
dx

. ,
(168)

(163)

(168), s - rt>O.

mi1i- i1

(163)

8).

, ; .

i1f1 , .
aCUJi1i1iomCKe
i1

1)

g.

(165)

-d 2 -qtF

, h

+ dZz--dd- dqdy = ,

(1135) (167).
2) (169), " ~ dz (163)
z dz (163) (166).

(167),

8)

MareMaTB'IKa
()

.t

(163)

V. N2 339).
1
r 2 + 2 s [3 + t [32
R = --:':-:=l=+=p:=:Z=+==:q2:-'-

(. h,

145
,

iZ1l10" il

z=xm '1,

,=

- 1) - 2 ",

(168)

= mnm- 1 n-1,

- 1)

"-2,

n(n-l)(~

+ 2 mn~ dy +.m ( -1)=0

dy )2

dx

dx

~ dy _-mn+ Vmnlm+n-l)
dXn(n-l)

dy

dx

---=,

- mn

+ Vmn ( + -

1)

---:.......:~--~,......:----

n.(-l)

~dY=b
dx

'

b=r- mn-

Vmn(m+n -1).
n(n-l)

= C~,

= ",

lII

= ,

Z=Xmyn

z=

Z=Xy 2

,n

= ,

Z=Xy2

=,

Z=C 2 X

'

3
()

) JltIlUlUl Il

(163), :

, .

dx

-=:,

.ds

dy

ds=~'

ro n

() n

(Ioc. cit.)

()

n.

n n. 1 n
w '!: n .
.t'AnI .

10

146

Z=Xy2

=-;,

20.

~).

Z=f(

= ,

(166)

(110)' dx d D (y~l
-

(,

v)

(167)

uv,

z = f(v}.

+ dy

!!j~~ + dz.

(,

v)

d D
D
,

(,) = 1).

(,

v)

.-

dx = dtl,

dy = v du

D (, z) = vf'(v},
D (, v)

+ dv,

~(~~2 =

dz = [, (v) dv,

_ f'(v),

D (, v)

~(y, z) =
D (, v)

D (, }')
---- =
D

[f' (v)

(,

v)

+ Vf'l (v)] dv,

d D (z, ) = _ [" (v) dv,

D (. v)

1) QJI (. h

11

D~~

( - ~Iii., )

D~~

.N! 244)

D~~

+ ( -) D'(u-;) + (Z- z) D(:;) =

D(y:3l dx
D )

+ D(Z~dY + D(~dz=O
D

(,

11)

(, )

D (, z) 2
D (, ) dA
D (, ) d'A

--d+--- ~Y+
~Z=
I
D (. )
D (, )
D (, )
l ,

8.0 ., h

(170).

1l.

147

d D (, ) = du
D (, v)

(170)

[ ["

(v) dv - 2[' (v) du] dv -=-

dv=O,

v=

Z= [()
. . .

["

(v) dv - 2[' (v) du =

'l.

['

(v)

10.

= cos 8,

= sin ,

Z =

V2'P

n 8 .

d 2 _ 2 2 d 82 =

n
=

'l2

-'l2

. ,
il.

29.

n,

1
1
1
-+-=-

1)

1
1
1
---=_.

2 = (~) .

148

30.

z=ysin

== ,

z=

sin

40.

cos = , z=ysin .

= (1+u)cbv,y=(l-u)shv, z=u

v=

V"hv - V"tiV
VChv+

V v

50.

(1

+ ) cos v,

= (1

) si

v, z == U.

=,

z=ytgx
z = tg

= tg

Ccosx,

z-=tg=si.

VI.

31.

.10.
20,

8 .

7 + f'{x) -

f(x) f'(x) =

, )1 =f(x)

-1

+ -/()().

+ )" ' =

Z=Y+Xj

y+x=atg

)1+

30. Riccati-e88

' -

"+ ('

+ l)y -

=0

y=U+x"+l
eru

'-("+ 1)---:-".

40.

y=Z"
8

'.

)l2-r=.

+ 2 ' yd + 2 =

50,

'

60.

-I'= 2. I - " _.!!....

2

" =

'-n- -

= 1-11

' -" - __. -

n-l

150

7.

I'

(;2+ 1)+(~2+

)'=

Vl..c...u 2

':

2"1 2 (2 + 1) + ac~ sln

"

- .~ (x~ +2)].

1=xsin [

80.

' - cos (

+ ) =

,' {

=f= )

'

9, Riccati-esa

Cn!:i

'

+ f(x) (! -

2)

=+;
hlr r .

. 100.
11.

'= (

- 1) u2 -1 2);

(2 _ )2=" +.
y~x

1)

1) 3 "

=-

cos

151

' - ( log;

120,

, (~ = )

+ 2) =

xt

log-=Cr x

'

+ (sin -

()

3 2

cosy) cos =

=.

coss V

xtgy _ 8 =
140,

Riccati-

2 ('

2)

- 1)

+ 2=

u=xy-l
rulli- li

' -

+ 3) u -

== ,

l. Riccati-

(r - 1) '

+2 -

+ 1=

( 2 -1) dx (- ) +(- )2=0;

=-;

1
1
-l
--=--log--+C,

160.

Riccati-

(2

+l

1) '

+ 2 -

(4

+ 1) + 4 ,

1;

152

170,

RiCcati-

' ('

+ 2) + = ,

> )

.=-,
ll

ll '
I

+ u!l -

+ =

08

u=z+x,

x2 z +Z2 +=

Jl

1 +
=
7 t g,(

. 180,

Riccati"eBe

n Jl

'

- })

+ ).

22

+ +

Jl Jl

= 2 ,

190,

'

logx+y-ax (logx+ 1) =0,

200, y'sin2'.x+8in 2=0;

'
+--.
logx

.ll

tgytgx=

210,

' -.' (2

220,

+ l+ 4: (+ 1) = ,

2+42

) q> () =

-2

=y2~

'

230.

240.

+ 2f(u) q> () = .

+' + 7) + 2 - + 4: = ,
log (2 + 2 + 6+ 4:+ 13) + arc tg +2= .
.
+3
( + 2 + 1) ' - ( + 2 ~ 1) = ,
210g (3 + 6 - 1) - 3 ( - ) = .
(+ 1) 1'= + ,
(

<?82 08 2

153
(- 2) '

= ;

ll u, U ()

..

+ -

2 = --

= 2 ; I

(_2 ) ' +4 = ;

-:- 2 ,

+ ):1 =
2

2' -

280.
'

29.

8 CQS = ,

30.

+ 4) ' -

= ' ( - 2 sin ).

2 -2

= ;

( -

31.

)2 =

2 ) '

}., () =

2 '

320.

2'

+ 4).

2 =

+ 2,. + 1 =

4. =

(22

+ 1) 2 =

(3+2)'+3 (+)2=0;

330.

)., () =

+ 8 + 3 = .
(6 + + 3) ' + 32 + 2 + 2 =
6 2 '2

340.

2; 8

2 8

(2

+ 2 -

8 ll

3xy'l +2+3+ 2= .
35

( 2

- 1)

'

+ 2 -

, 2 2 - 2 (
(

- 3) '

1 ::.

) =.

+ 2 -

= ;

It

154
(, )

= -

- log 8 =
2 2 ' + 2 _ 28

370.

390.

sin 2

(2

+ + ) ' -

sin cos - 1 =

jI

(, ) =

1
+2
;

y+arctgL~- .

400.

(2

+'4 sin ) / - cos

~ ,

.
u () = s1
,

du
dx
_ . = cos , dy
dy

du
_-4-2.=
dy

sin =

410.

32

- - - - - - .

3 2/+. 8_2=0, y8=x+~.

.

420.

.
(2 2

+ ) / + =
,

(,)=--;
2 2

ifs

2-1

(2 3

= .

+ ) / + 22

4=

2+

=--"-si 2 ,

155
('. , h
.

2 2 -

( 2 3

+1 =

+ ) ' -

- 2"

1=

311. h

2 -

450.
460.

+ -

1 = .

2" -

( + + 1) ' -+- 1 = , +

2Vx +

= .

(+ ) '

+ +

+ =

470.

(10gY+2x-l)'-2=0,2+lg-=0.
' cos -

cos sin 2'y - sin = ;

siny = z;
.

--.;.-. + cos
S1

sin =

-.
.,

490.
500.

{si-l)'+s=,

' sin

cos + cos sin = ,

cos cos =

51~

x=siny+Ccosy.
(z = cos ) ,

cos + cos ) ' + sin -

sin =0

.-

,2

52.

sin

2 ~10g2

+ cos =. .
-

) = ,
sin

= log'y),

+ )

5311.

,1I

'

) ,

( ,

=f= ) ,

156
n n
2

2
dp'
--- 2 .

=--;--;,

540,

,2

2'

n n

= 21' +., = !' + 2

2

t=

2 h Clairaut- ll

. ty'

+ 2~2 ,

( ' = : ) ;

y=Cx2

2 "
+-_.,

8+ 4 =.

560.

yl2 -

'

log =

2,2

580.
It .IJ

'.

__1_) =.0.

-+ ( =

( -

+ ( -

600.

log ==

~+~-~y-~~~

(-':) (

'2 + ' - l' = ,

1) ' - = ,
1)

+ 2 ,

1)2 =

2 '

'- (-)"- =.

," =

~)

15.7
2 '2_'+=0,

610,

V y2-1=tg(lg),

+ + 2)2 - 4 ( + + ) = ,
( + + = ), 4 ( + + ) = ( )I!,
2

('

620,

+ (!,. + ) ' -+ 8 =
'2

-t- 2' -

= ,

: - )

(;.-2- ) (-

+ 8) ( ' + ) =

('

(2 = ),

2= 2+ ,

'. -

65',

2'

= ,

(!' = ),

lIJl

=,

4yyll!

+ 2' -

(2

-=

r=+~,
2 ',2

670,

+ 1'1-
( -

680.

)'2

= ,

('

+ 2 ==

= )

+ 2' cos' - sin cos = , (tg == z),.

ZZ'2 + 2xz' - z = , ( 640).
3
.
, + ' - =, =+8, x=-p2+1o gp + .
2
' - 1'2 + =0,
y'~

sin

y=Cx+-,
2

710.

162 ,

2'

27 2 =
_

.
,. (2 .

= z),

s
Jl

27'

720,

( , +-

+ 2 == .
8

+ ') - == ,

ll

== -

.,

158
'2

sin ' - =

('2

750. h.

+ 1) sin

sin - cos

+ ,

= 2 sinp.

(' -

'.

1=

.
1
+ arc S-==
2

+ 1

() =

dy =

()

dx

+ ',() fy =

,ll.

()

()

dx dy

+ ' () dy

z=

[(,)

rdx 2

+ '2sdx dy + tdy

(168),

= 01) .

(),

[(, ) = l, ()

+ . (),

2 )..., ()

)..." ()

." ()

() = '- ' ()

)..." ()I)

." ()

qf(y) + ' ()

.
." ()

2)...' ()
()

)..." ()
= _ _
' ()

. () =

+ .

("

)... () = q>2 () dy

+d

z=
. 1)

[(; ) , 2 () dy+dx + +.

159'

760.

z=

)3

..:.-. ,

770.

()

()

%= ({)

()

.
' m (),

2 {" ( ) (

dy

dx

(1 68},

)2 +. 2[f~xy) + [" ()]. dx

dy_+'",() = ,

~ (). h

dy

dX=X'
,

2 {'()
, h =

+ ( + 1)2 ("() =

t,

0,1)

{, (t)

+ ( + 1)2 tf" (t) = ,

{, (t)

at - ( + l)" ,

, ,

n2 +

f ( = at (ii"+i)i

+,

Z=

()

nI+ 1
= () ( + 1)2

h ~ (=).

1)

dx
t!l .

11

ll1i

ll

ll .

. .

iill II

ll ll.f.l.

1948

. 1i

ll

ll

ll

(iil) ,
ll .q .

1951

. 1i

~a

1.

Il-Tora

F (,

( 1)

,,,, ... ,

, ,

( , , ,~~y , ... , n ) =
\

"

, , /, ",

. :!

(1)

... , (II)

Ull

y=f(X,C1 ,C2 , . . , )

(2)

I ::t{

(2')
2 ,

', ", . . ,pCn- 1) d , ' ... ,(,,-- 1 ) = .

' , ',

iiu ll.

uiiiu

.. ,(n- 1 )

= iii zt1u

h I<oHcTaHTaMa

II

1 , 2 , ..

( )

(2') BpeHOCT~, iiilu

(1). (2) (2')
(2)

1 2 ,

. ,

(2)

(2')

(1)

(2'), 1) (2')
1)

. ll,

1, (N2 3).

II

166

1 , 2 ,
1l8

(1)

(2')

(1).

, Jl

(2')

3 ll

(2')

, .

+ '=0

,
~ (~') .
h

1 (, , ', 2 ,

(3)

';-l)

~~cp..!.+ 1 ' + 1 "

'

Jl - 1 3 (3), h

2 (, , /, ", 1 , 2 ,

- 2 ) =

0.1)

.1 h

(1).

"

<-l = ,

-2 = ,

... ,

<2

== ,

,1 =

fiIlU Ullfiiu

-2 =

, h '

=-

... ,

<-l = ,

(1) -1=

l= ,

(2')
(1),

<1

(1)

h
/

(i = 1, 2, ... ,

(4)

(, ', ",

... , i

r
.

n =

"d
p ... ,
=_,

()=

dx

n 1p
d
_- _
,

dx n - 1

h h

(, . ', " . l!l. 1 2

=,

1)

).

2.

-l

='0, ... ,

-3)

n-l
-l (, . ' ... y(ll--I), 1 )

= .

167

(4)

(5)

F (

dp " .. , d n- 1p ) = ,
dx
dx n - 1

, ,

. - ] i! .

, h
[(,, 1 , 2 ,

(6)

- 1 ) = .

.'1:

(6) , .

dy
dx

=- =

q> (, 1 2

, ,

- 1 )

f ', (, 1 , 2 ,. -1 )

dx+

(4).

) (6) , .

(7)
- ,

}'=

, Ct

, ,

- 1 )

dy = pdx ,
fPdX+Cn= f pt'(P, Ct

'.. -1 )d+

, l;I,

(7)

(8)

, .

(4)

( ),

u.. . Il

(4)

I<

t,

(6)

(t),

dy = pdx ,

pdx =

= . (,
1) (t) 1 ).

f .'
= f .'

(t) dt

(!)

(!)

+ :

(!) dt

(6). Cu ... , -l.

168
~HTepa.'1

(4)

1,

F (,

(9)

[fi1 .

(4)

y<k), y(k+1) , , <n

= ,

(9')

..

(X~z,

z' , ... ,

z(n-k =

, , 1 )

f(x,z,

(10)

1 , 2

Cn-;k) =

8 ll.
)

Ako

,Z
,

(10)

lf'

' (, 1

...

, Cn-

z,

k) ,

(9'),

d"y

- - - = ~ (, 1 , 2 ,

dx"

Cn-.~).

JI 8, 38 ,, , .

{/<_l=
dX k - 1

' (. ,
1

2
-,d k - y =' dx [ ' (,
dX k - 2

C,._k) dx
'

, ,

Cn- k ) dx

+ Cn+

1- k

+ Cn+

1- k

]+

Cn+2-

dk - y =
dX k - 2

dx ' ' (, 1 , , Cn- k )

h , .I10h

dx

+ Cn + 1 -k + Cn

+2-k'

(9)

= dx dx ... ' (, 1 , , Cn_ k ) dx + + l-k !'-1

(k-l)1

+ +

xk 2-k

(k-2) I

+ ' + n- 1 +

=
' . . .

----k

1)

' (, 1

, ,

Cn .

k)

dx k

n.

Xk--l

-1: l-k

(k-l)l

169

(11)

, .

(10)

= '1r (z,

, 2 ,

... ,

Cn -

k ),

= ~ z dx k + ":1 = z ['f' (z, ,.' . ,

k

Cn_ k) dZ]k

+ Pk-1

Ii

k
.

y.~ 'f' dz '1r' d~ ... Z'f' dz + Pk-l

(12)

k~)I'Ia

(12')

P k-

ll

(11)

m ,

xk - t

Cn +1-k

(12)

(k-l)1

+ ... +/ n - 1 + .

(9)

uapa-

z.

~) 1n8 li:

(n)=/()

II~ h

(n-1)

"

= Sf () dx + 1 ,
....

(II-2) =
(n-)

()

"'"

= dx

1<

1<

"

x~

Sdx ! () dx;- 1 ( -

dXJ / () dx

( - )2
--2- -

+ 1

" dx dx ... !\x)dx +. 1 ('(- _n )n-1'

1)!

....

Cz

+ 2 ( -

(- )n-2
(

....

~o

) +

-21'

+ ... +CII -l(- ) + ,. .

() i:l '10 =

-=

Yri

()

(')

=--

"

(-l)!
1<0

n -l . . .

yofn-l) =

(x-tjn-l /(t)dt+

( - .)1I-1
{-l)!

+ ... +

II -l (- )

+ .

170

t,

(10)

.-

z=

(t),

(t),

1 , , Cn~k, ,

= . (t) 'k (t)

dtk

(9'),

Pk-l ,

= ' (t)

Pk -

k-

dt ' (t) dt ..

. (t) ' (t)

dt

(12').

, f

/() dx

( / () dx )

()

dx

, h

S/ () dx,

U =

dv=dx

dU

=/

()

dx,

~=

(.f / () dx )

/ () dx - / () dx

dx =

,)

"

s( / ()

()

'

dx ) dx

/ (1) dt

f(! / () )

dx =

()

( -

f / (t) dt

t) / (t) dt.

j~. (),

f f

()

/(x)dx 3

f (

/(t) dt) ([X-S(St/(f)dt) dx.

,St s (f) dt )

(!

t / (t) dt

dx

).dX

!)

dx S / (t)

f S/

.,

dt =

(t) dt -

2 t

()

(t) dt = 1/ (t) dt :)

2/

!)

.f 12 /

(t)' dt.

(1) dt,

171
.

"
'

+ [() ' -

() '2 =

= rulli-8 :8

dp

dx

+ [() -

() 2 = .

2 8

(1 '

2) "

'

- 2=

(l- 2): --2=.

30

"

+ " =

" =

x=et+t

t,

"

dy' =

dx = f dx = t (e t

+ 1) dt

3h ' (), h
%

() d =

[x~J f(t)dt'- 2 t! (t)dt +' t2! ) dt]

"

.,

)d = ~ ( -

t)2 j(t) dt.

"

h , h

(d)

!(x)dx n = (n~lIl

J('t-t)n-1J(f)dt
,

l ~a) (').

(d)

'

, h

()

"

n+l

... ()

dx n+1 =

~ ( -

t)n! (t) dt

n.

t!ll () .

172
, ,

'=
~

+ -t2 + (1;.
2

(t-l)e t

.r

= y'dx+C~= [(t-l)e t + ~ + 1 ] (~t+l) dt+C

.

2 ,

3) +(-t - 1 +
242

= ( -t -

2!

+ -t6 + 1 t + 2
3

= '

+t

um (U.

I(

ll

(13)

()

, (n-1

n)

((n-'1) )

-)

(14)

= d'1-1
dx n- 1

= Z

dz

-=f(z)

dx

-+1 =q>(Z,1 )
_.
f(z)
.

dz

. (15)
,

<

(z, 1 )

< ((n-1). ,)

(14),

n-1

, ,

= : z <'n-l
n-I

dzn- 1

+ n-2

_.

173

(16)

f cp'dz f CP'dZf
,

z'dz+-2

-'
-1

-,.

(15)

~ .

n-2

r ran

(16)

(15)

z= t(x,
WJl

1 ),

(13),

f ... I t (, 1) dx

(13)

n-

(14),

+ I1-"""2

-l

f dx f dx ... f t

(, 1 ) dx + Pn-'t.

-l

t,

(-1 ) <)

(13)

<- 1 ) =

(,

<) = .

(t);

dy<n-1) =

<)

dx,

dx =

dy(n-1 )
()

(t) dt
. (t)
,

)..'

= --'-'-.

(17)

)..,

(t) dt

(1)

+ 1 =

(t,

1 ).

ht h :

dy(n- 2)

(-1)

(t) )..' (t) dt

dx 1) = )..---'-~~'--.(

<- 2) =J)..(t)..'(t)dt + 2 =)..1 (t, :!).

.

(t)

d.,(n-8) =

1)

(-2) =

y{1I-1)

dx

(-2) dx =

+ Cz .

)..1

(t, 2 )

)..,

. (

(t) dt

174

(-) = 1

(t,

2 ) ' ) dt
l (t)

=).

(t

'"2'

).
2

l1 h

= y~ dx

(18)

(17)

(18)

n - 1

+ =

(t,

2 , , .. , ).

(13)

.
.

10

yIV

'"

= z

'"

dz

dx

. .:.-

=Z2

= J.z dx + 2 ~2 + + CI.
H

20

2;)
(
3452

+ 1 )5 + 2 2 + + 4
2

-,-

" = l
'
\

= z

+ '2

dz
._-~.
-=l'l +Z2,

dx

I
)
Z =shl-+C
1

= zdx + 2 = sh ( ~- + 1) dx + !

175

=. (:

+ 1 ) + 2

4.

&9

(19)

(n- 2 ) =

z,

(n)

c'z

= -

z'

dx'.!.

F (z", z) =

(y(r, <n- 2 )

:<

z"
2 z',

= f(z),

2 z' z" = 'Jf (z) z',

zl2 = 2

+ 1 ,

f (z) dz

dz=
dx

2 f(z)

dz+ 1

'

=+ ,.

dz
V2 Jf(z)dz+C

(,

z,

1 , 2 ) =

(, (n- 2 ), 1 , 2 )

= .

(9) 1).

1) y(ry-?) () (19)

t,

(-'?)

(20)

}'()

1. (t),

(t).

dY(Il-1) =
,

dx

dx,

dY(Il-2) = (n-l) dx,

,
(-1) d}'(n-l)

(20),

(-l) (II-1) =

(-1)

V2 f

}1

( dy(n-2)

}1

(1) 1.' (t) dt,

(t) 1.' (t) dt

(20)

+ 1--:

() (-l)

(13), ll (II)

(-1),

176
,

--

d 4 ! ~_ ~2 ~

dx 4

dx 2

d4
d2 Z
-==-

dJe4

dx 2

Z"=ZI),

2z',

2 z' z" = 2

z z',

dz_
dx

VZ 2+ 2

l'

ll

arg sh -

+ 2 ,

"

= z,

'

d2 y

-- =

dx2

1 sh (

+ 2),

dy
= 1 (+ 2 )
. dx

.r =
1)

1 sh (

+ ,

+ 2) + + 4

: 'l ,1

dz
z' = -=.

dx

dp dz
d 2 z dp
z"=-=-=-2
dx
dx dz dx

dp

=-

dz

dp
dz

z. pdp

zdz.

% =

Z2

Ct %

177
5.

lJ

F (, ', ", ' . , , <n

(21)

ttl

' = dy = . " = d 2 = dp = dp dy
dx

dx 2

dx

dp ,

dy dx

dy

''' = r!.1!. =!!... , dP ) =!!... ( dP ) dy = !!... ( dP )

dx3

dx \

dy

dy

dydx

dy

dy'

'" = (dP)2 + 2 ~
.

dy

dy2

, /,., ., (n), /i

(21)

dn-'1 )
dp
f ( ' ,-, ... ,
=
dy

dyn-1

(21).

(22)

cs ,

q> (, , 1 ,

'00

n- 1 )

= .

lI,
)

(, 1 ,

n- 1 ),

dy
-

dx

(, 1

n- 1 )

(21)

f t .,

dy

(, , 2 , n -1 )

(22)

=+

(23)

dy = pdx = ' (, 1 , (2' '

.

-f
-

n -1 ) ~P,

' (, 1 , 2 , ~ n -1) djJ

,

, t,

. 12

178

(23)

8 ~

(24)

(21}

t,

(22)

= (t, 1

, . ,

n -1 )

= h (t, l '

C~1)'

..

dy = pdx,

'

(t, 1 ,

n-1 )

dt = h (t,

, ,

dx,

- Jg'(t, 1 ,., n- 1 ) dt +n'

h (t, 1 ,

.... ,

n- 1 )

g (t,

10

, ,

(21)

n-1)

(25)

dy
dx=P,

dty
dp .dp dy
=-=- dx 2 dx dydx

dp
dy

=-,

dp
=
dy

{()

pdp = f
dy
dx =

lf
f

() dy , 2 =

2 rf( )d
, .

. ~

20

"
'

fV

() (/ + 1

dy
2 S{() dy

l'

(25)

+ 1

+ 2,

+ (() )"2 -

() ' =

= :

dp +f(y)p-()=
dy

6.
"

, .. ,(n).

(26)

) u i10 , '

n
(,,',

... ,

(n =0

179

(,

ky, ky' , ... , ky(n) = k m F

(26')

, ...

, n ))

818 xOMoreH~Tera.

(, , '

(26)

Szdx

' = ze

S zdx

," = (z'

l'l

.t"

(26),

Szdx
Z2)

, ... ,

Szdx

+ z.2, ... )=

(,

1, z, z'

(.

z, z' , ... , z(n:-1) =

, ,

(27)

. u

n- 1 z. (27) (5)

, ,

(N!! 2)

(, 1 ,

z=

~, - 1 ),

=n

(26')

'2 '= '

+ 1'2 ( - )
2

2'

rnu-

dz =

(a 2 - 2

z+

) Ull .

(28)

-l) dx

"

, ... '.

(26) 1).

ll

(, Ct

(, ,

Z2.

dx. l

dx, dy, d 2y, ..

dny):=

F (kx, , kdx, dy. d 2y, ... dny)

. ') 3 (27)
h , (26'),

k m F (, , dx, dy, d'-y, ... , dny).

'

z::c:: - .

, , .

(27)

'IjI (, Z, \ , ... , -) "'" ,

.'

'IjI (, - , "

.. ,

-) ='

Nl 2

180
. h

- , s

(28)

, (28) .
::: t , r

::s h (d.

t.

(.N'!! 5).:

2. = [m2 (t!J!.)2 + 12,

(29)

dx 2

2 d 2 = dx [ 2 d y 2

il

dx.

.!

= l
,

1 .

+ n2 dX J2,.

dy = dy dt =
dy
dx' dt dx
dt '

d2

_! d dt __!... dy = _1 (d _

dx 2

(29)

dt8 dx

2 dt

dt 2

dY )
dt'

d 2y _~y_ =
dt 2

dt

Im (d V )2 + ny21~
t dt

d 2y
dp
dt 2 =P dy '

dy
dt =,

dp _ = [ m 2 + ny2]-~-,
dy

. ~pBoa .

) , ,

dx, dy, d 2y, .. , dny.

(30)

F(x, , dx, dy~ d 2y, ... , dny)

F(kx, ky, kdx, kdy, . .. ,kdny)

3 l:l

(31)

(30)

km.F~, , dx, dy, .. , dny).

~r

=',

= u',

181

t . if

.1)

(31)

dy
. dt

,dy

=-=-=

dx

t+ t du
dt

" = d y = d (,.') =

du

-=---,

dx
(it

dt

(')

+- l}~U)
,
dt

dt ='- ! (dU
dx
dt
d

dx 2

dx

d(yx")

'" = d'y = d (") =

dx8

= - 2! (d _ rt!!..) ,

dt

dx

dx

dt 3

dt'

t.

(30),

t,

li .

(32)

d2

dx2 =

dy

- dX)

m d 2 y = ( dx

(30),

(31)

( dU
dt

dY),2,

+ d2U)
dt =
2

(dU)2
dt '

, h

du

-=

dt

m(
,

'

+ d([!.P )=p

1) (30)
).

2,

, , "

182
. rulli- ,

.
= 1 ' + l'

(32)_h~

=(1 + 2 )

d)

.. ,

dx, dy . ... tta ,

.. ( ). .

(30)

F (kx, k m kdx, k m dy, . , k m dny) = k r F (, , dx, dy, . dny) ,

= zm

).

x=et,

='

dy

dy
dx

'

dt

du

dt

dx =

= <-1)'

'

(,ddUt

+) ,

dt

d~~

. '

[d2dt +(2m-]) dtdu + (-l) ] '

" ~ d~~x') = ~= <-2 ) ,

'dx

dx

'

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
h , h

t.

~~:

+ 2) dy _

4 = ( 8

(33)

dx 2

dx

4 2,

' dZ

+ 2 ) dy dx h

2 dX 2 ,

lt 8

(34)
1)

=2

(33)

= et ,

1)

e2t ),

kx k 2y

183

! (dU + 2 )

dy =
dx

+ 3 dudt + 2 U'.

d 2E= d 2 u
'dx 2
dt 2

dt

d 2u
dt 2

du
dt

--+2(1-)- =

du
dt=P,
, 1),

dp +2(1-)=,

du

du
-= 2 -2+
dt

_ _d_u_ _ = di.
2 -2

1- 1 1 ,

1 , ~

log

-1-1

+ 1 =

U --1

2 1 t

+ log 2

, hh h
-(1+ 1 ) 2 _
'-~--

y - ( l - 1 ) r

7.

22 21

(34),

(33),

1 !.2

' (-

).

d2y

- = {(, ).
dx 2

(35)
du
1) = -

dt

(34),

y=kXZ

, h 2

184

(35) h
(N2 1).

ll Ulli

~~

(()

1
(

(~, , ) 1)

(35), 1 ;

u{1(J1lU Ullum 2) llUll

(, , 1 ) dx .

:~1 [ (, , ,) dx -

)i)
(!(II
3II;'

(35)

dy = ,

\36),

dY] =

(35),

h , .

d 2y = .
dx 2

+' ~_~ d

, 1I1'~'Ma (35) (36),

[(, ) = + (, , 1 )

, ,

, ;.

1 h , .

((

[ 1 Jl u

;:,;]

\"1

''('I"''

(37)

U (, 1 ).

U (, ,

1 )

'. Jl

(35).

1) 'I

, uu,

(37)

(35)

Z) . Q/iU,

1 (N2 12).

(35)
(36) (N2 1).

185
.

Jl.

d 2y
-=y(I+2tg 2 x)
dx2

(38)

ll Ufl

dy = tg
dx
,

+ 1 cos .

(36),
(, ,

Ci )

tg

+ 1 cos

--=cosx,
1

(38),

cos [ ( tg + 1 cos )

(37),

dx - dyJ =

2 ,

,
,1)

cos + ( + sin cos ) = 2

2

--r + {()-- + (, ) =

(39)

d2

dv

dx2

dx

- h , ~Ha
ll Ull.

(40)

= u () Z,
d 2y = U
dx 2

dy'=
dx

() if_~
dx 2

()

dz

dx

(39),

+ '() z,

+- 2 ' () dx
13. + ' () z

z U () ,
Il

ddYX'

(35).

~y
dx 2

(41)

() d

dx 2

(40)

ll

(39),

+ [2 ' () :- f () r1 ()] dx
dz + ['; () + f () ' () z +
+ (, () z) =- ,

1) , lt., u/lll ll'l1l1l 1 (N~ 11),

186

()

dz
dx

2 '

()

+ (() () = ,

.
()

(41)

-~J !(x)dx

d2 z
dx 2

- + r (, z) =

(35).

y=ze

01)
(39)

-.1. J/(x)dx
2

(35).

8. .

8
{(, , '

(42)

, .. , (n

- 1

, .

{(, , ' ," . ,(n)=!!_ (, , .. , (n-1.

(42')

dx

(43)

( , , ,()
, .. , =
-

+ . '+ . . +
-

(n-1 )

()

~ (42)

dcp ==
dx
'

-.

(, , '

-.

n-l

..

,(n-1 =

1 ,

u uu u

(42).
(42)

(44)

(, ,'

, ..

,(n-- 1

q, {(,

(44).

, ... ,(n,

(n) - , . ,

1)

'" (, z) = ( " ()

+!

() ' () ] z

+ [ , U () z ]

(43),

(43),

187
f
(n)

, ., '",., (n-l), ,

af

>

(n)

(n- 1 )

--=

> (, , ',

' , ,<n- 1 = -f
- dy(n-l)
()

(43),

>1 (,, ~

(45)

(, , ',

"

I (. ,

"(n- 1 =

' ", (n-2)

1 (, ,

. , , ,(n- 1

. ,(n- 2 ) ,
I (, ,

' . , ,(n-2,

Iro .

(45),

(42').

(
dU t _ dq>1
[( ,,.","
----,
.
dx
dx

(46)

f _ dU1 = I
.

dx

+ 1 ' + ",.+

>1 (n-l) .
(n-2 )

[ - dU 1
dx
(n-l) ;

(n- 1 ) .

[f

>1 (, , .. ,(-2 =

(n-l)

>1

dU 1 ] _
dx -

<n- 2 )

d]
dx

[ f - ~ dy(n- 2 )

+ ">2 (, , .. ,

(n-8

(47)

>1 (, ,

' , (II-2 =

>2 (, ,.

2 (, ,

. , ,(n- 2

, ., (n-3)8

>2 (, ,

' .

,(n-3

...

, >2 (, ,
,(n-8') .
q>1 (, , ' .. (n- 2 .
, ,

(47)

dq>,
dCJ>2
2
- -dU=
,
dx

dx

dx

(46),

f_~_du2 =dCJ>2,
dx
dx
dx

>1'

>2 (, ,

. , . ,(n-

188

(42)

(, , ',

..

,(n-1)

II. ,

, . 8

(48)

[(,,', ") =

"

+3 ' + 2'3 + ( 2 + 22') " =

(45),
(,, ')

(49)

2'

+ 2'2 + (, ),

(48),

1 (, ,') = f

"

dy' =

1 (. , ') = 2'

(46)

2 '2.

dCPJ

= f_

dx

dU 1 =
dx

(49),

+ ' .

ie

1 (, ) =
,

2 ' + :12 ,

- 1 ,

: (,, ')

= ' + 2'2 + 2

. ! .
.

, tl . ,

"

+ ()' =

Q ()'2,

',

" + () -~- Q () ' ,

'

log '

+ () dx = Q () dy + log 1

II

'

= 1

SQ () dy - S () dx

189

SQ ()

dy

9.

" =

10.

sin

-S

() dx

dx

+ 2

= -

+ 1 + 2

sin

= (- sin t dt + Ct' + 20

= sin t dt - t sin t dt + / -+ 2

(1- cos )

+ cos -

.=

20

sin

+ 1 ' =

+ / + 2

sin

+ (1 + Ct') + 2 ,

1 '-

+ '2 + ' " =

=,

" 1

+ '2

"dp
=- - .
dx
d
d

+ 2 + dx
-. =

-. v+ 2 ,
dx

, Vl+p2,

Vl+p2dx+ xpdp =adp

Vl+p2
~

+2 =

1 +'2

+ 1

'+1

'"

"=,

=1 +2 +

190
'"

= Vl +"2,
2'" = '

50
' =

Z,

'" =

z"

+ '2)2 ;

(1

a2z" = z (1

+ Z2)2 ;

a 2z'2 = - (1

+ Z2)3 + l '

3'

'

= [~

+- Z2)8 + 1 -1- dz + , ,

(1

y=JZdX+Ca=aJz[~ (I+Z2)3+Cl]-~

dz+Ca

(1+'2)2 +"=',
1

'" " = (1

+ 2 "2)2"

y"=:z,

"';==

z';

h
1

a3 z'z = (1

+ b z )2,
2 2

dx

3

= -

dx z dx + 2 Z + =
~

80

2 (2 -

(1 +02Z2)2
.

1 ,

z dz 1 Q3z2 d1. 2 1
(l+b 2 z2 )T (1+b Z z2 )T
a3

) y'~= 1 +,2 , ' = , " = dt1P ,

~

(2 _ ) dp =
dy

+ 2 ,

+ 2 + C~
Z

191

dp

dy

1+2 = 2-'
90

"

,2

110

120

(1 -

'130

(l+ 2)."

(l-log ) "

2 ) "

log ,

+ (1 + log ) '2= ,

'

- 2=

+ 1+ '2 =

150

= 1

" +.('2 + 2"2)z = 2,

140

arc sih;'('

2 -

+ (arc sin +
)2

1 +(1 2

+ 2 =

log [ 1 '

+1) log(x+CI ).
1

+(1 + ]:2)"2].
2

"

+ by

12

= ' (2

+ 2 2

JzdX

, =

ze

]zdx

(r

+ z2)e Jzdx

.. ru-

(z'

160

+ Z2) + bz2 ,= Z (

+ 2 2

==

et ,

y=uet ,

du
-=z

dt

l1~Tltje rn-ilJ

+2z -

2 dz
dt
JI~

170

"

180

" -

'

1)

-' ~, -f'-f; =
'"

Z3 =

",

(,+1)

2 ,!

: -

(+ 1 ). ~

=0 ,

"--'2=0,

1)

t: /

.... ,

."

192
n 3 "

20.

')2

lle- t ,

1)

.,

1og

1 +

21.

et

)2 =

d 2 u = (2 __ 1) du _ (dU
dt~
dt
dt I

t+C~= J<c e

1 u

220

+211+1)-ldU.

l1- 2!,

Jl

t
230

+ 2

(1 " . - 411 _.- 1)-1 dll.

..

40

"'3

I<II

-- 45 " yIV+ 9 ."2 =

240

250

5 "'2 _ 3 " V = ( .
' "

- 2 ' - 2
'2

260
270

2 2

a2y"=2x(r+ '2)+, = JSh(~~+Cl)dX+C,.

(2

2) 2 ("

'2)

'.

Szdx
=

dz
z
-=_._---,

dx

Va +x
2

1) -; '
. . . [N~

6.

"'" ,

193

.z = 1 ( + V 2 + 2).

+ ) " + xy'~ -

' = .

" = dp , rnulli- ;

' = ,

dx

+ 2 =

= ,

-1

_ " = V1'2

'2
'

12) _ ~ log + I

10g(x2 -

+ " 2 ;

" = dp Clairaut-'
dy

=:; + y-~ + 2 (:)2

= 1 +.

Vl +2 /;

1'

+ 2 ~ log (1 + V1+ 2 12)

'" = "2: = + . - rlog ( + 1 ) dx .
1

+ {() '2 =

"

+ () ' =

'',,-_ '2

330

340

"

dx

+ (

"
,

2
+ f () dx +
..
+ log =~'. ' +
=

'''

1 + 2 = eJj(y)dy dy.

'

2 -

3) "

+ (x~ -

+ (2

+ 4 ' + 2 =

4) '

+ 2 =

5) = 1

+ (:2 ,

. ~ .

. 350

2"+ "

+ (2 -

1) '

+2 =

13

194
"

'

tg - sin 2 =

"

,2

=1 si--

+ ' os =

sin?

+ ,.

Jzdx

BernoullieBY .
"4 _ 13 y'f2
36 =

380
,/

(,,2

_ 4) (y"II.- 9) =

" =

"2,

" =

+ 3.,

, ,

+ 2 +

'?1

+ 2 ,

= -1-

2 .r + 1 + 2 ;

( + )(2 _ 1 - 2 ) ( =+- i. 2 - 1 - 2) = .
2

390

3 4 "

3 3 '

--:"- 2'2

+ 4 =

3 dp _
du

+.6 -

4 = 01) ,

du

- =
dt

400
-+-._1)

,=1 2

du

C1 e=-4-

8"+1=(.
'.

du

dt

3"

- 4u- 6 .

=f+C2 =logx+C2

C1)(x-..)2_(:.+l)=0.

= = 1

;.

195

JL=J
d

. " = f () (') ,
.

'()

'= "

_1'2;

Clairaut-

/ dP )2

dp

= dx -~dx
"

430
.

() dx, + ,

JZdx

2'2

'

= ;

rnulli- ~.

"

- 6yl

4 =

'2_43+4 2=!.

. .

1 =

" =

460

'

"

+ 2' +1 () (' + 2) = q> ()

Z=y+y2

z'

+ 1 () z =

q> ()

'.

.

"

+ '2 + =

'=;

" =pdp_
dy

rnulli-

pdp
dy

+ 2+= .

Riccati-

196
' q

480

"

+ [()'2 + (/: =

,logy'

+ [() + q> () dx = 1

y"+f(y)y'2+q>(y)'Y'-:-0,.

490

(=, "=1).

'.
" =.

500

.'

Vi + 2
2

='= ('2

+ ])Z# ;

+ ( -

= -2
" + ' = ' V4y' +F;

- Ct )2

2)2

()

dU= 2y dy

dx'

3'

(). h 8

4'

+r

(2

+ 1)2,

530

8"

+ 9"

= ;

. . . .0 .

540

" +(

i)y=

= log

d2 2 dy
de~ de

+ de
-

550

II

2" +,'8

' =

"

197
560

"

' 2 ,

=] Jih
= 1

+- (' -

4"

() ='

)3 =

- ' ;

1 -

arc

.. 2

SI

--- .

580

yy"-=;

=
590

f (2

"

1 1- + 2

+ yt2 _

1=

!!

600

log +

"

2 CtX

'2

+ 2

_ 1=

tJ2
dx 2

dY )3.,
dx

(.

~---. -

dy

620

x--y=z.

li

dx

( -

}"

+ [(') =

Y~X=U

du
uu"+f(l+n')=O, ( '=-,
'dx

p~a.

2"

630

+ 1'2 + 1 =Q;

X=C2-ttgVl ,Yy(C1 -).

640

2 " -. 3 '2

198

. (Ct

2 )-2.

2 " - 3 ' - 4 2 =

1 =-!-1 tg 2

(x-!- 2 )

(-)"-!-'2+
3"

5'2

1 =0.
;

680

- 3 '2 -

4"

12 3 =

w =2

69 0

n" -

(n-1)'2 = ;

700

8~

' -1- '2 - __ rL..~ =

2-!- 'l.

f2dX

~h rnlli-~ ,n

710

'

z.

(
~ (

-!- ) '

-!- )' -!- '2 -'

R'&; !

720

-!-

(1 -!- 2 )+.

"
2

U ()

-!- ,2 -!- '

+ f () =

h,

730

"

-!- ' -!- 2 f

"

+2

'2

()

-!- ' =

U ;

740

"

- 2 '2

+ ' =

199

750

"

- 4 '2

4' =

fzdx

760

f(x) "

!zdx

+ () '2 + t

() ,,+ () 2 ~

Riccati.esy

780

'
,

(') "

+ () ' + t

() =

J,i .

f (') dy' + () dy + '1' () dx = 1

10.

nTora

. . , l<'
8 . ,

(1)

-+1 -dxn
dx n - 1

dn - 1y

d y
+a --+
... +an_
dx.n-

(1')

(n) +.1 (n- 1 )

+ l'(n- ) + ... + n -1' + n =

dny

n- 2

(i=I,2, ... ,n)

'1

()

{() )(Jl .

1I;.

(() ,

IJ.

(1') .

(1')

dy
dx

":"'+an y=f(x)1)

, y(11),

{{)

(1') f

()

== .

..

+ a (n-1) + 2(n-2) + ... + n-1 ' + n =

1

(1')
,

HeaaSucHoz
. ,n~. " ,
03''8h (1), ?, L ().
(1), (1')

11.

()

().

~ 1f.

1)

d
dx

Jl

d
-..,D
dx

D,

u.

201

L () =

(2)

ai (i

= 1,2, .. , )

[()

1),

[() .

(2)

dE
dx

(3)

-=

f ()

u (),

(),

U () ,
=

().

(3),

dy

d 2y

dx'

dx 2 '

dn.r
dx n

'

2,

dy =dy ~~= u ()
dx dE dx
dE

+ d E == 2 () 2 +' () dY.

d~y = d2J'.(dE)2
2

':!.

dx

dE dx 2

= ()

d3jJ
dx 3

Q 3

. . . .

dE 2

+ 3 u () ' ()
. .. . . ,",.

d2y

+ " () ~ ,

..

dE'

(2)

(2')
8

bi ,

"

()") , .

(n-I) .
2
[1' ()
l U ()
1 = - - - - - - - -

2 ()

1 ' ,

u ()

(-l)

--2- u + 1 =,

1) L ()

= (n) + y(ll-l) + ., . + Qll-l ' +

202

(2')

ji

(2).
, .

(2)

(4)

(3)

()

(2)

I'}

(5)

v ()

= v () ,

( ' =
+v' ()
v () " + 2v' () ' + v" ()

'

= v () '

"

(IJ) =

d:,

1) ,

"dl) _

d.x

,). .

dx -

I'}

1),

() ()

+ nv

+ ... + v(n) ()

() l1(- 1 )

(2)

lI

1).

t!

(2")

nv' + 1 v
v

1 = - - - -- -- ,

v ()

1 , .

nv'+ 1 v

(2")

(5)

(2)

(2).

, .

(4),

(2)

~ I'}

(3)

(5).

203

(2)

, .

(4),

(3)

(5)

=
1)

11.

12.
-

v ()

v ()

(2)

\17 ()

W ()

-,

()

(6)

+ 1 (- ) + ... + - 1 ' + =
1

L () =

(6)

ai

1.

yt , ,
iiiUU

,
{1)() =

(1)()

(6)

/).

+ 1 ~ )(- ) + ... + =

( ()

1 (- 1 )

+ ... + 1)

20

yt 2 !l , iiiUU

L (+) = L ()

+ L (2)'

,
(

2)() = yt ()

(6)

2()

+2)() + 1 (1 + 2)(- ) + ... + (1 + 2) =

=1()+ 1 (- ) + ... ++ /) + 1 2(-I) + ... + ,
1

, 2'

.. ,

L (l

+2+ ... + ) =

L (Yt)+L (2)

+... + [.).

204
1, 2'

30

, u 1 , 2 ,

..

L, uiii

L (1 + C2

Y2f .. .+ ) =

tl' ,

L{C1~1
npe1Vl4 10

13.

C 1 L CYl)+C2L(y~)

20,

+ 2 2+'" + )"

L (Ct Y1J+ L (2 }'2) +

Ittl. -

(6),

Yt~I!

10

(1)

, 1

I<, ~

L (1 1)

(6),

11'

= 1 L ~) = .

yt 2 'l (6), ,

(6),

.. ' 1 }'),

+.. .+ L ().

, +2

20

. h I<

L (;

+ 2) =

L () +L(Y2)=O'

h w (6) 1 ! +2 2' 1 2 ,

30

3 ~peTXOHO

, 2" . , < ..ti8 i' (), ,

30 ,

HeI<a

J;l

1 l

+ 2 :.: + ... + ,

(6), 1 !' ... , 2.

, , 2"" , 8

(6),

30

1l0 :f:l

113 ,

(7),
), 2 ,

, i1iiiu

()', .

(7)

" i1iii um
1P1 (),

~ ,

'k1 , k 2 ,

(8)

kp ,

(6).,
2() , ,().

3 .i.

' f I<t

k1 l ()

+k

2 ()

-f- ... + ( =

205
( SJl)

k1 ,

/(2, ",

kp

Jl (8)

1( ,

q>l(X), <vix) , .. , q>p(x)

u .

:'

<l () . cos 2,

2 ()

:)2 ,

()

= sin 2

, . li

q>1 () - <2 ()

+ () =Cos 2 -

.. ,

k1

= 1,

cos2x

+ sin2 =

(8),
k2

= - 1,

ka = 1 .

1 () =

sin 2 .x,

2 ()

= cos 2 ,

q>1 = - 1

, ;.

sin 2

.'

k1

+ cos

= 1,

2 -

1=

k2 = 1 ,

ka = 1 .

1 () = ,

q>2 () = sin2 ,'

()

= 05

k 1 , k 2 , ka,

k 1
8

14.
. V2

+' k.}, sin2 + k cos 2 =

W,rski- .

vn .,

-.:

/) V1 ,

38

(, ) , ~ 1.

- 1? . ll\l

v'

(9)

W (v 1 , V2 ," , VI1 ) =

.2

Wrski- r .

(9),

8 ..

206

v1 V2 '

vn ,

, . ~

(10)
k 1 , k 2

, ,

k n ,

Wnski-nQ iiitUQiiiQ

(9) m

HeSaBUC1tO

fi.tu /~i UiiiQ.

I n-1; h

(10)

'

+ k + ... + k n v'n = ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,

k1

(11 )

V'l

2 V'2

+kv(n-J)-O
-.

kv
11 (-+kV(-l)+
22
.

(10)

(11)

~,

k 1 , k 2 , k n

l\J ;, ,

-? II~\ , 8', .

v'n

=0,

Wnski-Q ..

(9)

i?Q '

(10) (11) ~
VJ ' V2 ,

(10)

'1

,
v1 , V2 ,

15.

k1 , k 2 ,

Vn

k1 = k2

= ... =

kn=O.

k n .

Vn .

8 .
() =

(6)

; .
~

(6),

l' 2'

.. ,

(12)
; , 'fii.iii ().

cv

!<

1' 2'

207

= ,

<: Ci ,

')

, ' ,",

...

= ,

,)'0(- 1 ) '

yf.

, (12) ,

+ 2 20 + ... + n'
'0=1 '10+ Ciy'20+'" + n',
. . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . .
++ +. "n,

- 102}

= 1

(13)

(n-l)_

_(n--I)

,(n-"I)
20

(11--1)

YiO y~~) , Yi ( n)
(1) = . (13)

~ 1 , '2

, "0

1 , 2 ,

.,

,.

20'- .

(11-1)

(11-1)

Slllliii , .

! (, 2

(n--I)

YIO

.'

Wski-G

yt

'1

y'~

. y'/I

... ) =
l (n-I)

2 (-I)

...

(6)

ptm~pMuHaf{i1iQ

(-I)

== n , . 1 )

(6)', y,~,

...

, ,

Wrski-8.

(14)
I

1' 2'

tr

6.

(,

),.

Jl

OlHOBHU

.... (.N2 14). ..~ 1' :.!,

n QBCH, .

C1 Yl+ C2Y2+"'-!- C;:-,,=

1) , .

208
1 , 2 , ,

Koj~

Wnski-

(, ). ,

n-1

2 ,

"

Wnski-8

u =

(14)

. .

(12)

8n n ,

(12)

(6), ;.

.,

"

(18)

- 4 =

2 ,

=== - 2

. Wrski-

'1

'2

22

2 ,

_2- 2 I

= 1 1

2 = - 2

8 '

(17)

I= - 4

- 2

+. 2 2 =

1 2

+ 2

(15).

w~ n ( 5), . , 2 .
Wunsi-

(16)

.;

1 2 ,

(17)

', = , (.)
' (). , , 1 2
;

()

= 1,

' ()

= 1

(17)

+ C"l'

0=2, -2 2

1 =-,

2 =-.

' ' , 2

(15)

= -1
2

2 ;>:

+ 2]

_~ - 2

' () .

(17)', h

209

(6)

Uiii.I 1l 2" '., '

(6),

, = 11 , + 1ll 2+" .+ , ,
2 = 21 ! + 22 2

(18)

+ ... ~ 2,

aik ,

(l9)

=1= ,

D=

81 (). }, 2'

(),

(18),

... ,

8.

Wnski-

'

(20)
"(-l) "(-l)

1'1

(18),

12

...

(-l)

W(Y1, 2,""

) = DW (1' 2"'"

),

. 1 )

16.

8 lj 8 .

(i)

L(y) :=( + 1 (-l) + 2 (-2>.+ .. + Q/I-1 ' + = ,

, 1, 2"

. ,

();

= , 1

(21)

+ 22 + ...

1) Wrski- " 2 , D
(19). Wrski- " 2 ... ,'
, '2

Koia

(18)

, /l.ll

(' 2""

(20),

).

14

210

... ,

. (6), 1 ;,

(21) II

.
,

+ 2'2 + ... + n,
" = 1 "1 + 2 "2 + ... + n'n ,
.. ... ... . ... ...
) = CJY<~) + C2Y(~) + + Cny(~)
' =

1'

"

w 1 , 2 ,: , , h

(22)

'

'1

'2

()

(6)

'n

<) <)

2..

(22)

=0

()

YI (i = 1,2, ...

,).

1d8 .

(22) ,

.h -

<)

+ -1

<-I)

+ ... + '+ =

()+~(Il-1)+. .

(23)

r n , _1

, . ,

+_1 '+ _ =, '

1 , I8 (l1)

}'-l, . , .

Yf1
..

()

('-1)
I

(-

'"

. ..

(-1)

.
. '
()

' - 1 = -

1-2) y~n-2) y~n--2)

(11)

()

()

...

(23)

(6)

(23)

, .

(6),

211
(24)

- 2

-
1 = -

, 1 ,

2 =--,,

'

(6), 1' 2" . , , ft

; (6).
~

(24)

- ,

l, 2"

.. ,

.'I ,

h , ~

8.
q ()
l=

-1

'
,

Yr, ... ,

Wrons!d-eaa

_l

-.--,

() ().

, .

y.t.

'1

'2

M'I=

.
'-)

_l

...

... '

..

(-I)

:!

'17-1)

Wnski- ,
--l=

dW1)
-dx

1) ,

'"

.. , in
(-2)
(I-2) ytn-2)

.. "

y~n)

/Zn}

... ~)

~y "onski-

W (,

2,

... ,

'.

...

...

'

'8?

je-;r.

Wn.. ki- -

212

dW
1 =

dx

'1 _ 1

W'

=-

1t

- Iu1dx
W (1' 2' . , = .

1t

- Ia dx
1

(25)

()

W ()

W ( ) = Wski- r.t = '

(25) . Liouviile- , . Wronskl~eBY

'

WronskleBa

(6)

(6) 8

W ( ) =

qo

W( ) =

= , .

Wski-

, .

tf~q

(25),

8.

cQaKe

, .

dW
dr

'1

'!!

'

/1

~-2) ~-~)

'

~-l) ~- )

+-

f.. -2)

y~-I)
1

"1

"

"

'

+- ... +
~-2)

}(-2)
2

~-)

~-l)

'-2)
~-2) (-2)
2
.... 11

.,. ~-2)

~)

(-I)

~)

()

, ,

dW
dr

11

...

"

'1

'2

'

=-II-1'

\-2) ~-2)

\)

()

:.!

. ~-2)

()

213
, Wski-

+ 1 ' + 2

"

' =

+ ,

"=+ 2

(22)

'

"
,

i=e

'

"

=0,

" --

-1

'+

-=,

-1

l=

10

---,
-1

1.

2 =--

-1

y"-=.

20

, f111

1 = ,

2 -, 2 ,

= 8 ,

'" -

"

6
+' II

(- , )

6
- =
8

(, ),

214

30

.-, k l'Ifl
,

tos

11 =

sin

17.

1.

it

(6)

()

== (n) + a1 ]'<'1-1) + 2 (n-2) + ... + n - 1 ' + ,; =

/ .

(26)
~

!zdx

" -- \ .I. z' + Z2'1 !zdx

"'"

, tI

(6)

(27)

(26)

Riti q

(28)
q

(26)

Q
'

Z=-,

"- '2

z'=-"--"----'2

(Z8) ' (27).

< Riccati-8

' + 1 2

bl

+ 2 + =

01).

(29)

1 '

=--,

( 1 ),

1) Ii i:

(28).

2]5

" +(2 - ~Jy' +1 =0.

(30)

Riccati-
.

= 1 1
tl

+ 2 2

(30),'

(29),

: Riccati- 'i, .

2.

liiii m.

(6),

8 limll,

=
'!

(6)

' =

Y1Z'

(YtZ)(n)

(Y1Z)', , () = (Y1 Z)(nj

+ ! (Z)-l. + .;, .+Qt1Y1Z =

Z,

yJz<n j

(3] )

z' =

1 Z<-l).+

b:/,z(n-2).+

+ bn-1Z' =

1 (-1

1 (-2)

+ .+

.
n-t -

, h

(31),

(6),

-1 .

(, 1 , , , -1) l:I (31),

,

= 1 Z = l f udx + 1
81 (6).

L=fUdx+Cn,
u=~(L).
yt
dx 1

216
2

(6)

l; , ,

(31),

. .

, ,

"8

(6)

. . lI~

' 2"

(6)

, .'1 , -l,

(31)

- 1 = ".!i (!),
dXYl

h ,

, .

Jl

-- -

1 , 2 , , -l

. , 8

c .!i (~) + .!i() + ... + cp.!i () =

2

2 , c~,

dx

dx

... ,

dx

, ,"'

, . yt , 2

(6)

'"

(32)

"

-t- ' -

cos .

y=xz,

x 2 z'" + 2xz"
,

(33)

z=

+ ( -2) z'
2

, ,

217

{[t

-!i () =

_t!_ (COS ) =

_ dx .V1

sin _ cos2 x .

dx

u_=
~

(33)

~1 ,

cos ) V,
- (Sin
- - + ----

v=

v'= w,

lWl

w.

h (32),

(32)
=

sinx

h . h

+ 2 cos + C~ si

(34)
, l.i l'

l z"
, h

z'......1.

= l Z

+ 2 (l + 1 l) z'

' + (2 / + 1

II =

dY1
-du + 2 --+ 1 dx =

(34')

, ,

log u

+ logy~+ l dx

log

(35)

u=

fl - 1 dx

Y~

(36)

Y=YIZ'=Yl

(34) h'

(~1 ; -1 dx + 2 ),

. U U1l u KBa~
, iI1u1lU Ui.

218

(35)

1,

lf

1 - dx

1 =2

(34').

(34)~

(36')

\
-2

2=

-Jo1dx1)

10

(36).

y"-'-=,
. 8
2

. 'i

'l=

2= 2

20

xsyi"

2"

xz
'--

2 dx.

+ 6' -

6 =

= 2 ;

l=,

.' 1 8

30

+ 2 + .
2

" -:+=
l

= 1 + 2 ( "3 -

~)

,. v.: -

1' 2

"3

dX).

-1 a1dx

Yf

219

40

n~ l =

;
5

=
60

"

70

+ 2 -2 - 5"

+ ' tg -

~~X

' .

= 1

80

"

ll 1

+ 2 log .

+ 1) y~ + =

; Ji

+ 2 ( + 1).

"

( 2

118 n

10.0

"

sinx+ -si~x
= 1
2

"+'=

90

cos 2 . =

+ ( -

) '

11 =;

1) =

+ [xf(x) + 2 ]' + f(x) =

1.

=-

= 1

11

+ 2 I -

2"

21'

+ ( + 2) =
2

~ tI )'1 =

2"

1 () dx .

'

1 sio

+ (

sinx;

+ 2 cdS .

-1) ' - =

220

= 1

130

-)( + 2 -'

2"_ ( -1)'
1

)(.2 '"

f -8

+ " + ' =

1 =

15

dx .

+ (-l)=

= ~1 + C2'~
140

dx.

-;; j~

1, 12 =

+ - + C~x-:! .
1

+ " 2

6'"

l= 2 ; ' .

160

170

xy~4)

= 1

180

5'"

+ 2 + + 42

(8)
l!.

'2

'1

'

2 1 2 =

+ a y't + a~Y1 =
1

12

!l

"2

+ 1 '2 + 2 2 =

()

2=-'
1

88~
()

/'

'. '

)'212= 1.

. .

-+-;-'l=,

12

1.

221
2' '2 "2

113

() q () lif

"

. '2

'

--~+2 --: - 1 -.-! + 2 =

() ,.
'2

~+a2=O
1

, (36') 11

= 1,

_ 2'1 = e-!Oldx
yt

, I(

1'1 1 , llh ;L,

1
.} () '

" +01 ' +

-2JII-dx
-.
= .

dt

(d)

-=

-Joldx

dx

'

. =
,

19,

(d),

sin t

+ 2 cos t

.
= 1 sl

1 dx d

+ 2cos

"+ cosx,

-,- --,-=

slO

s 2

dt

-=-dx

sin

d2y

--=.

dt 2

01 dx.. d .

222
.

18.

JI

L(y)=y(n)+al (-1)+2 (- 2 )+

(6)

+ -l ' +=',

() L (1)
'

JI

-l

QU ,

+ (-1) + 2 (-2) + .. + -" + _1' + 1=

= t~ [ (- 1 ) + 2 (-2) + ... + bn-2y"+b y' +br;y]

(37) [()

n- 1

, J.l .

bl

h ()

.. ,

{--l) ,

(:

, , . (

"

1 ='l + ,

+ 8 ,
.. .. .... ....
.:.= '.

(38)

~l ='-l+,
= '.

1 , 2 ,

. ,

+ 1 m ,

d r

, h 8

- ~ (~--!!..~ (-2 dx

dx

.!!... (1 - d)) ~ == 01)

.)

----

dx

dx

'0-1

(39) _ () == - d(-l)
dx

+ d2 {_2) _
dx

..

+ (-1)~ dn /: =
dx"

'() ~ ll

(6)., (39) - { .

1)

3

l
.

(38) , .

'!!: = 31 z - .
~ (1 ld~)
= '

dx

223
)..1 ;

l4

(38). (38) (37), (37)

.
I

(40)

)..1

()) =

q> (,"-1)

1 (-1)

[ q>

(, ,)] ,

2 (-'2)

+ ... +

hn (38), ~tI 1

(6).

(6)

(41)

(42)
-l , -

(6).

'

, h Jl 1 ~jYH

(~9), ~q (6)
!l (42)~ .

(39),

rl

1 , 2 , ,

Ii

(4(1),

(6).

(42),' . h
q> (,1) = 1 ,

(43)
1 , 2 ,

q> (y,~)

2 ,

q> (, )

KOHcraHTe.

(- I , <-2) ,

II.I

'- +l) , 6

"

h. ~

(44)
r l4u - .
= , . ' ~

(39),

~~ -!) , ),(-2), , ',

(43),

(44) , I<
n 1' 2 , , ' . (1' 2 , , .

(6).

1~

224
,

, , ,

ll

ll

,
.

.
!

(6)

(39).

(6)

h .

(6) () dx , Q

, () L () dx

. [n-' l _d(a n-'-2 )

dx

+ .. ,+ (_1)n--1

dn- 1 ]
dxn- 1

. , ,., . ,', , t

+ (n-1)}. + [n _

d (n-1 )

+ d2 (n_1I )

dx

,,+

dx 2

dn
-",+(-l)n-.
- dx 1 )
.

dx

[L () dx-y ()] dx = (, )
, .,

yL(y) -:() = dq>(y, ),

(45)

dx

1) ,

n,

n Ii n

()(n)d"",, n-l-'(n-2)+}..' (n-) -., .+(-l)n-l }..(n-l) y+(-l)n }..(n) dx,

n.

n-l ' dx = n-l - ..n-l)

}.."

ydx

=}..n

ydx.

dx

225
(1.) .

(39), q> (, 1.).

1 , 1..

1.1

(45)

(1.1) =0;

1. L ()

= dq> (,1.,) ,
dx

(6)

q> (,1. ) = 1 ,

. (42). (45) ( =
L () = , L () =
(1.) = .
.l1

L ()

(45')

"

1.

+ l ' + a

()

(46)
,

(38),

(~7)

2 ,

(48)
8

t b~ 2 (47) )' (46)

(" + 1 ' + 2) = !!.- [1.' + (1. 1 dx

1".

(45')

1.') ] ,

(49)

1.

(50)

" - -! +

(48).

- - 11

:, -I,

,
15

226

---1l+'

(48),

----

l+'

2-

).." + ___).., _
.1

(l +)2

=I+.

, h ,

(49),

(1 +x)y'-(l+x)y= 1 ,

(51)

. (50) - 1"t, (51).

19.

_ dn

(6)

L(y)=-+a1
dx n

d y
dy
-----+
... +-.-+=,
dx ndx
l- 1

8-

(6)

()

'!

de

v (x)i) ,

0 -

= u() ,

dx

u () V () ,

dnq
~ d n- q .
.
dq
-+
1.1---+"0 +1._l-+=,
. d e n . de nde
1

(6')

L(q)=

. 1. v

. ~!!

11)

1)

A~o

/ ,

_ )

lUl w (6),

f(ai'

f(al,

/,

_, ..)

, ()

v (),

. f (, /.,:. ) u6w uu
(6)

f ( , { , ._ ) _ ! ( , / , .. )
1)

, 16
~. h

().

. ~.

(6).

jl (),

}f. 9

he al

v(x)

(')

 II () g v(x) , .
f(ai' /, . ) tli .n (6). . .-
(6) npoMeD., f (; , /, .) fi CiJII.U"UHBajfajaHma

..-

(6),

lIa Il ()

'(6),

v(x)

(6) , .
8 . , 8
q 1;.:~apaTypa.

'

(6)

.()

'y=v(~)q,

(6)

(N2 11)

(6")

, lIJ, v(x)
, . , . Q . (6), (6'L)
, ..-- .

, l( ().
u

()

(6) CMeUQM
=

V(x) ,

(.N'!! 11)

l l1tdx
- ~
V(x) ~e

<n) + 12 (n-2),

+ + = , (. (n) = dnY\1

. .

I1 (i = 2, 3, . ,)

.0

(')
ri

(')

(6")
Ij

Vo(x)Yo ,

ai

228
1'0 (i = 2,3, ... ,) ,
. ai , (6)

(6") (.N'!! 11),

1;
/

(,

' 1, ) =

1;0 (, , ' i

1;

) ,

(i = 2, 3, , .. ,

),

v(x);

() u-uu

(6) (). (), -

() (') lJ

v () Vo ()

= V ()

(.N'!! 11)

",

= v () V o ()

(6)

(~),

(). () (')
.
,

()

"

+ 1 ' + aly = ,

, ()

(')

(d)
() (),

- ~
f 1 dx ,
V ( ) -.:..
-
2

u
()

229
(~') (') .

u n

(')

da , )
( 1 '_
--
.

dx

2 . lI

(d) [!":.''

, h

ut (~)

1.

()

uiii

/,ft

(). .z:.:tJt1~

() (') .

(~")

I?

2:

((3)

<>.

. t't! ; 2 ,

(~) (),

. n,

12

l:i

: (~"),

(f)

_k+_.1_+_
2
4'
I

2 -

(~),

()

12

l'l'rII,

1 .

(g)

~ ~:,

.~""#{.,

2
, 1 =--,

--

(f)

~ (), (),

V(x)=e

J~X

=,

'

Jl

= 1 cos "
,8 i"

+ 2 sin VI,

(g)

= . Vk

+ 2 sin.x 7.

< !) , "
() n (.
n .n 1 2

(3)

I l ().

(6)

dE. =
dx

(')

(6"')

(6)

(!!

11)

dny
dn-1y
+
<l
de n '.
dE.n-l

().
~

+ ... + n =

' ( (6), ,/f>

'u() , ,.

h .

(');

'

-rj.

k (6)
(6"') "u1l ", 'I Q
-1l1 ~ (')
.: (6) (.N'II' 11)

(h)

dt
' _'2_r
dx -:- () = - II(n-1) 4sd

231

()
'

I. (; = 2, 3, ... , )

(),

(6111)

d"y

(')

~
dto"

1'0 (i = 2, 3, .. "

' .

dto
dE = ()

,,-u

= .-

Sa1 d ::.'

n(n-l1

(.N!! 11)

+ ... + I = ,

. d n- 2y
120

.
-2'

to

(6) (6''') (.N!! 11).

I (; ,;' ,

. '. ) =1;0 ( , ;!.,.... ),

" ;

(t = 2, 3, ... , ) ,

Cfl

(); . I ()
Qulii -lIi f (6)
('). (') () ('),

()

dto = dto di. = _1. dto

dE
dx dE
() dx

,
I

dto
=
dx

(i)

'

() ().

(.N!! 11)

Sa,.dS = -1 () ,

dto = () = - n(n-l)
2

dE
'.

(:) = () (),
. ()

(i)

dt

dto

dt

- = - . - = 1
dx
dx
dt o

(6)

(i),

t= to

h ' ('), ll 4 ('),

(). () '
(') la!
, (~), (')

(~"')

dy .
-+
1 -+ IX2'=,
dE,1
dE

232

(d')
q (~) (),

(")

:~ = () =

a,dx

Quu

()

(k)
(~"')

(h'),

(h"')
Qu

(')

1 2 q'

(d')

, h

1 -~-~-~-l
20 2 2 0 2 2'.
,

(h"') , (h"), (d')

g=-ld5 =

12

'

+ atu

udx

=~ -ld=~U().

() U!l ..-uu

(~) ('). () (')

.

(")

(k),

1 2

(~) ,

2
,

d2

v +.!!.L
=
a~t~
,

dt 2
1 2 ,

1 2 ), .ll

, (~)
() KBtlpaTypa.

1 2

(), [2.

1. = k,

. ,

(k),

12=~=k,
2

(h"),
2 = kU 2 = ke~ 2 Ja 1 dx

(~),

d 2y
dt 2

(h")

+ ky =

'

10

V(x)

V(x)

d2Y _ =

'

= 1 (1

20

+ C r't).
2

'!

" -

2' + 22 = ,

V(x)

234

= 1 cos

V + C sin ;
2

n h
3

y-.:....2 (1 cosxV I1+C2--sin . ).

30

(1

+ ) "-,.- 2' + 2
2

n n = ; ' iJi
= 1

+ ( -1)
2

.71 h

y=C!x+C2 (x 2 -1).

Vx +1

40

.dt =

() ,

dx

() ,
2

-_k 2=

dt 2

'

kt
-kt
k arc sin 1(
- k arc sin
=1 +2
=1
+
.

50

dt

-=()

dx

235

=1

60

k arg

-+ -

k arg

dt
dx

-=()

= 1 cOs t

+ sin t;

tth

= ]

cos (sin )

+ 2 sin (sin ).
= 1 cas!: + C2sin!!...

80 (x 2 +1) d2y +
dx'l

90 (1-x 2 ) d2y _
dx2

dy + 2=,
dx

dx

'.

20. . n)

y=C1 cos(V~arg shx)+ C2sin(~2 arg shx) .

dy + ~2 =, = 1 cos (karc sin )+2 sin (karcsin )'

111.

+ 1 <n-l) + 2 {n-2) +.. ;+ n =

(52)

()

= [() ,

() .

() ,

236
(2);

= Y+z,

L (

+ z) = [() ,

L(Y)+L(z)=f(x)~

(53)
j~

[()

L(Y) =
,

(53)

'

L (z) = 01).
, i1 u Jlt

(52),

()

. .'l
l' 2

= 1 l

1 , 2

(52)

(54)

(52)

+ 22 + ... + +:,

!1 . ,

, ,

(52)

, ,
(f(x)

(f(x):::= ).
11) (52),

(52)

{ )

s [

(52)].
;

(54)

= ,

''':''' '

, ,

(n-1)

(54)

= (n- 1 ) .

+ Clly'lI +. ~. + n'n +'

1 "1 + (2"1I + ... + "n + ",

' =1 '1
" =

(55)

1)

(52),

.8

2) n (

15).

.,

Z, .

237
(54) (55) = h , ',
YiO, y'iO'" ,y~~-I), ' ', .. , (n-l), ,?
Ci (/= 1,2, ... , ).
; ' fl (54), h = ,

.
)!(n-1),

, '"'"

(n-1 ).

"

(56)

+ =

=,

cos ,

sil1 ,

tt

8 (56)

(57)
1 .= =

1,

'=-1.

'=-

C1sinx+C2cosx+ 1.

1=

1 ,

-1 = 2

+ 1,

~ 1 2

(57) h

' ()

cos - 2 sin + .

f(x)

(52)

, .

(5:l')
.

(52")

) =

[1 ()

) = [2 () , . . .

[()

238
;

(52"),

8 ' 2 ,

+ 2 + ... +

. (52'), ll

L( Y1

+ 2 + ... + ) =

(1 () 1~(x)

+ ... + (()

. 1)

L(Y1)

(52"),

+ L( Y + ... + L(Yp) =

(1 ()

2)

+ (2() + ... + (()

/S

.
,

"

+ = 2 +

''I8 1
2 .;

+ =

"

2:,

"

+ =

1=2
,
.
1
.2=-
2

Yi

1
+ 2 =2+-
2

, n .
:;= ,

O~OBapajye ,
~

= 1 + 2 + 2 +.! .
2

21.

Lagrg-

L(y) =

(52)
1)

(().

12

L(Y1 + Y z+ ... + ) = L(Y1 )+L(Y.)+ .. +L(Yp).

239
JIh :

Lagrange

(: fliliU u u

ii!j.

(52)

fliliU u u

L () ~ ,

(58)

; . v,

flili

(52).
'

Lagrange

" ".

(59)
s

(58), r 1' 2' .. ,

(58), 1 , ,

) 1 , 2 ,. .

0'0'

(52).

(59)

.,

2 '' , , . n ...... l

(60)

1 '

+ 2' 2 + ... + Cr/

1 ''

+C2'YB~

. . . . .

..

v(n-2)
1, "(n-2)+
1
2.72

+ ... +n''n =0,

+ +

(59),

'{n-2)
.

- .

(60),

+.0.+ ' ,
= (:l1"
+ .. + " ,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,
+ C yQ,-1) + .' .. + Cny~n-l),
1
+ 2 y~n) + ... + CrIY~n) + '
1 1
+ 1' {n- + 2' y~n-l) + ... + ' y~n-l)
= 1 l'

'

, "
(61)

'- ,

yfn-l) =1 {n-l)
1}(n)

"

(n)

l ',

, (n) (59) (61) (52)

h pa'lYH8 L (Yi) = , .
(58),
I

'l '2'

(60)

(62),

. I 'n, , . h

'

240

.. . . . . . . . . . . ,

1 = )..1 (x)dx + D 1 = "}11() + D 1 , "

2 =

)..2

() dx+D 2 =}1B(x)+D",

. . . . . .. . . .. .

.,

n = )..n(x)dx+Dn=}1n (x)+Dn ,
.

D1 , D., ", D(J

1 , 2 ,

(D11

(59)

h q8

+ D 22 + ... + D n) +

1'

(}11 l

'i1luu 'l~

(58)
(52).

}12 2

(52).

+ ... + }1'1 ) ,

"+ 2 =_,

(63)

t:"

l =

cos ,

2 =

sin

"

"+ 2 =.
h

= 1

(64)

cos

+ 2 si .

,1I

"(63),

(63),

h .r

(64')

1 '

cos

+ C,;/sin =

(64)

1 I<

(60)

241

f
(65)

"

'

1 sin

= -

" =

(64),

1 2

cos

+ C~ cos ,

- 2 2

sin

- '1 sin
'2 cos .
(64) (65) (63)
.
+' 2acosax=-.
1
,'1 Sl
-

'1 '2' . h

(64')

_ dC1 ~
1 sin
,1
---------dx

'2 = dC2 = -. cos

dx

cosax dx

+ D2

. - -_.cos ----dx+----sin
sin ----dx.
cos
'y=D 1 cosax + D'l. s10

10.

, :

"- '

-= 1

+ 2

"

20

'= 2

"+

-- ---=

1--

l-

!l yt =.

ll

16

242
~

"+

--, '_--=-

l-

l-x

y=D 1 x+D.eX-2 --l.

30

+x

"

=,

10g
l = log ,

.1
2

log - f- C2 10g - - ,
.
log2 x
dx

"

. x2 10gx

1, 2,

- logx

dx
.
-dx
dx
. - +xlogx --
---logx
10g2
10g
10g

CacbY-~Ba &.

22.

=_1_

y=C110gx+C.logx

Cauchy
r

JIa

(52)

(52)

..(

L(y)=O,

(58)

= 1 l

(59)

+ .+ +

1 , 2 , , (59)
- 2 - L

(59)

,(,) , , ,

(66)

rp( ,) =

(,) ,()(,)

rp'( ,) =

. ,

(n-2 >( ,)

(n- 1 )(<,) =

1,

(,) ,

(67)

q>(x,a)f(a)da,

243
,

1)

(66)

IdY =jq>'(X, ) [() da,

dx

~~2 = q>" (, a)f(a) da, .. ,

dx

(8)

1
d_n_-_
_ = q>{n-1) (, ) f(a)da,i _dn_Y =jq>(n)(X,a)f(a)aa+f{X).
dx n- 1
dxn,

,
q

(52)

dY
dx '

.... ,

h Jl

() + [q>(n) , ) + 1 q>(n-1) (, ) + ... + q> (, ) [(.) dd. = [() ,

;: ' , q> (, ) 8

(58),

(67)

88

j1I'tl (52). 3 . (61) (68)

,

( ) =

' ( )

(67)

= ... =

}'(-1) ( ) =

, h

"

(69)

+ k y = [() ,
2

()

' ()

= 1 cos "'+ 2 sin. kx .

(70)

"

1 2

= 1 cos kx + 2 sin kx = ,
' = ....... kC1 sin kx + kC2 cos kx = 1 .

38

. =

. k
1 = _ .1- ' sln
,
k

1
k

C 2 =-Sk,

1) (. NII.,
160)].

1Uu u (,

244
n

(70)

1.
..
SI ka cos kx
k

=- -

',:
sin k (-.)
+ -1
cos ka SI kx =
,
k
k

( . ) -_ sil1 k (-) , .
k

~ ,

8 n

~ (,) =

~' (, )

== 1

.q

(69)

" k(x-o:) f(a) da,

= l.fsin
/r

ll

() =
s

(69)

' ()

==

= , coskx +C.sinkx+ ~! sink(x-a)f(a)da.

1.

23.

(1)

()=(n)

l(n- 1 )

+ ... + n =0 ,1)

(i = 1,2, ... , )
(.N!! 13)

= 1 1

KOHCTa~Te,

+ 2 2 + .. '-+ ,

;
Jl .
r yi (i

== 1, 2, ...

,)

(1),

(1)

(1).

8h

h, .

(2)

erx

(2)
(1). ' (2)

(2) (3) ) h.

L (e rx )

erx <n

+ 1 - + ... + n - 1 r + n)
n

1) ~
L

()

_ dny
=
~ + 1
dx n

dn-t

-dx n- 1

+ ... + n ..-=

246

L ( ) =

(4)

()

= " + 1n-

(2)
(4)

, () =

, .

()

(5)

... + an .

()

(1),

kaKBo ,

+ 1 - + ... + ll =

- r ll

ili

'

(1).

1.

ll

(5!

1 , 2 ,

ili;

" h

(1).

(6)

(1)

e~

(7)

1 1

+ 22 + ... + ...

Cllern x

(1),

Wrski-

1
(

W 1, 2' , ) =

('~+T2++Tn)X

-l

-I

(N!! 14)

II

-I

W (, , 2 , . , YII) =

V Vandermonde-088

+ 2 + ... n )

V=

V,

(2 -

(8

( 1)
-

( 1 ) (4

( -

z) (4

( 2 )

( 1 )

( II -1 ).

( --2 )

247
Vd,md- ,
' ,
. ,

Wski-

(6)

JIll

n i

(1) (N!! 15),

(7).

"- 4=0

,11-4=0,

'1 =

'2 =

2,

2.

2 .,

oJf

= 1 2

2.

-2

+ 2-

(5)

.liu . , ,

'1 =

a+~i

'2 =

(5),
-

~;

(5).1)

h
(a+~i)x

1 =

=1

(8)

(a+~i)x

(a-~i)x

2=

(1)

+2

(- ~t)x

.
+

'

+ ... +

' (i = 3, 4" ... , ) (5) .

( +~j)x

l
1)

(a-~Ox
2

, ,

at

(5)

248
, Euler- h

(u:+i3i)x

(a:-i3l)

=
=

(cos~x+isin~x),

'

(cos~x-isin~x).

(:

+ f

+2

(a-il)

[(l+2)S~+i(1-2)si~],

(9)

+ 2

i (1

2 )

(8)

(1)

= :( cos ~ + sin ~ )

(10)

, , C~'"

+ +", + n

n ,

,', , ,

, -l<

(5)

'

(9),

. .

(11 )

/If +=

,3 +1 =

(10),

= 1 -

."

3,

. , ,

(5);

(1)

V
.V
x + sl ),
+ ~2 (C cos'T

'

(11)

(5)

iii

'1 ='2 = '3

' ,

, h

(1),

249
1 = 2 = ... =
(5) Ii. . (1) = ', h

1)

dn(er1X)

d-l(l)

== - -n- + - 0n11 ' + ... + 1 %= 1 (1 ).

dx

dx

1 ,

h -"

, -l,h

L ( ' ) ==

dn(xer1X)
dx n

d n- (xer1 \)
+ l-----+ ... + n ' = '. [ (1 ) + ' ( 1 )], 1)
dx n- 1
1

L ( 2 ':\) ==

dn(x2er.X)
" dx n

+ l

d - 1 ( 2 ')

dx n- 1

.. ...... ...

+ ... + 21 =

.
d"l
L (xp-1I) == - - - - + 1 - - - - - - + ... + QlIXp-1l =
n
dx
dx n .

. .

,.

dn (x?-l ,)

... .

-1(-1I)

= '

[ - 1 (1 ) + (P~l) - 2 ' (1 ) + (-;-l) x~-3 " (1 ) + ... +

+ ... + (~_; ) ((-2) (1 ) + (-l) (1 )]

(' ) = 1 (1 )

L ('),

L
(12)

' [ (1 )

(x 2 e tX )

"

+ ' (1 ) ,

' [ 2 (1 )

..

+ 2' (1 ) + " (1 ) ]

L(XP-1l)=l[ -1 (1 ) + (P~l) xP-~ '(!) +... +

+ ... + (~=; )(-2) (1 ) + (-1) (1 ) .

'1

r
(1 )

(12)

' ( 1 )

(-1)

I ,

(rl ) =

L ( 1 ) =

L ('),= , . , L ( - 1

d [dn (,). ] = -"

drr [d (,)

1) , , dr
.

(5)

dx/!

dx n

dr

1) =

250
.

r
Q 1

(1)

(5).

(5)

1 , 2 ,

2'

..

, (l

(1)

+ 2 + ... + Pk =

(13)

xer,x, .. ,

,-l ",

er2x ,

2,, . . . . ,

xP2-12,

,
xerkX, .. ,

1 , ... , Pk - 1
(i = 1, ~, ... , ) .

()

, ... , Pk

xPk-lrk,

(1)

1 (), 2 ()
2

),

er,x ,

erkx,

Tk 1) (5) l'

-1

(13)

1'

(14)"
'
( =

er,xg1(x)

2 "z()

gl(X), g2(X)" .. ,gk(X)

1, 2, ... ,k)

+ ... + erkxgk(X) =

m;

<,; ~

(14)

g1(X)

(15)

g1(X)

(,!

g2(X)

+ ... + e(rk-r,)xgk(x) =

e(r2- r,)x h2(x)

(-,) Iz()

+ ... +

(r,)

Izk(x)

= 0.2)

1) 1 ' 2 , rk .

2)

gt(P,) ()

""" , gl(X) l -

1.

251

h 2 (x)

P2-1. !{
(15) h

( S ;-2 )/ ()

+ ... +

(')

'1rh() =

h ,. h

(16)
() ,
, ( k-I)==. 8

(14)

11.

(14)

(16)

(13)

, ,

yl/f-3"+'-= .

h
(,_,2

,-1)

= ,

(,-1)3 =

'1 =

. ,

n h

. 2

2l

4.

+ 2 +

(1

(5)

+ 2 + ).
2

illlU

uru .

'1=a+~i
;

'2

="

- ~i

(13')

'" 1 ()

+ '

(5)

(+ (3l}X

2() =

1 ()

+ 2 (),

1 ()

- (11)

'}. ()

.'

(17)

Q1

() =

Q2

() =

[1 ()

P z () ] i,

252

Q1(X)

-l.

Qix)

.1

(17).

(13')

, ,

V [V

+- 2" +- == ,

erx (,4

+- 2,2 +- 1) =

. (:l

+- 2,2 +- 1 =

4.

(2

+ 1)2 = (, +- i)2 (,-i)2 =

'l=,

r2=~i.

+- 2 +- - +- 4-

= (D 1 +- D2 x) cos +- (Ds +- D4 x) sin ,

DJ

D2

"

40

2"

2"

+ ' -

+- 2k y" +- k

60 y/v -

80 a2y/v

+ 6' +- 34 =

50 y/v

90

+- 131' +- 40 =

~OyIV _

30 "

,
,

= ,

'" - "

" =

'

1 - 5

:;,

1 2"

(1

+- 2 +- 1/"'i+- 4 - 1/2.

+- =

+- 2 --

= - 8 (1

y=

cos 5

+- 2-

sin 5 ) .

+- C x)coskx + ( +- 4) sinkx.
+ 2 - + cosx+C,sinx.

+- 2 - " + + 4.
(1 + C2~) + -;
1 "
0-

253
h
=,

100

() -

'=,

1"=0, (y=-shx)

'=-..,.1,

=- ;

napNo

= 1

oxcos .~:~ [
+ 2- + 2~1
~
A

(
2 k1t )
sin -n-

k=l

)
-l

= 1

-22k~

~ axcos-n [
+ ~e

(' .

2k1t) +8kS
. ( ~~
.. 2k1t ) .

k COS , s---

k=1

110

Y"-k 2 =,

( , )

-= ( - ),

120

y"+ k21- 0 ,
( , )

-10= (1:- )
"

= cos".k(x - ) +~si
k(x-x o)'
k
130

..

y"+k2y_O,
, =

. =

'

n1t
1

2 S1 - ,

= 1

=.

254

140

1)

" +1. 2 =
(, )

('It, );

C2 sin ,

" - .

+ m tg

'

S1s

= 1

160

cos ( ~g cos )
k

+ 2 sin ( log cos .).

2)

ll
yIV,

+k

4y =

. :

= ,
= [,

=
=

= ;
" =
"

24. Euler-osa

Ai

dny
dx n

n -

,.

+ 1 n- 1

d n- 1 y
dx n- 1

---

dy
+ ... + -1 -dx
+ =

. f

x=et ,

(18')
1)

'lt) .
(k -_ '1Z

(18)

. n'lt
4S1
-,

(18)

t=logx,

l{

cos kx

+ 2 sin kx;

=1

+ 2 sin = 1 =
= 1 cos kl + . sin kl- 2 sin ..

11

1)

kl =

cos

= nln = . sin ~;

()

dy

- (N2 19).
. dt

dt
-=
dx

().

255

dv dydt
1
-=----=---,
dx

"

dt dx

..

...

"

"

."

dt

"

"

"

"

"

dy
dx

(19)

dy
dt'

-=-

d2y
dx l

d 2y
dt 2

dy
dt " ..

-=-----

dy
dx'

.""

dny
dx n

n-.

... ,dtdny
n

(18)

(19)

.h

dny
dt n

(20)

:'

dn- 1 y
dt n- 1

-+ 1 ---

+ ... +n -1 dy
-+n=
dt

ai'

ul-,

(20)

(18)

. .

(21)

(20)

'1"'" ' n

(18),

(18')

(22)
. 1 , , .

(21) '1.' '2' ... , rk l.

2' .. , pk (l
2
pk = ),
(20), (13'),

+ + ... +

er,t Pl(t)

+ tr.t P2(t) + ... + erkt Pk(t) ,

256
,(
.

(18)

- 1
(18'), /-

+ , 2 (1og ) + ... +

(23)

, 1

(log )

/,

= xr ,

'

rx r-

.. (n) = r

( -1)

" =

1,

... ,

(18)

(log ) .

h
(-l)

( --

Xrk P k

x r-

2 , ,

+ 1) xr-n.

h ,

(18),

, <

(-1)

(24).,

... (-n+ 1)

+ (-l) .. ..,(-n+2) + ... +

+ ... + n_2'+ n =

I<

01).

n-tor
(18).
(24) (18) h (22)
(23). . (24) k ,
' Eu1er-

(25)

a+Bi

a-~i

{3i1og

-{3i log

= [s(~Ig)-+-isi(~Ig)l,

= [s(~lg)-isi(~lg)

1 '+

c x rz ,
2

1 2 ~ ,
1

+2

JI, 1 1

cos

(~

Jl

(25)

[11 cos (~log )

KQHCTaHTe.
log ),

+ 1 sin (~log ) ,

2 =

sin (~ log )

Euler,oBe , '
(24). 0 .

lf

(24)\

('24)

(21)

257
, ,,

day

d2y

dy

_-+ 2 --+3 --8= .

d
dx 2
dx

' =

xr ,

"

rx r- \

r(r-1)x r-

'"

2,

(-1) (

- 2)xr - a ;

. , 2 ,

22

+ 4,- 8 = ,

' = 2'2 =

= -

2i

2i.

f)ll h.

= 1 2

X 2i

=
21

log 2i

log

2; logx
=

-2/

+ C +C
2 X 2i

SX- 2i

cos (21ogx)
2i1og

+ i sin (21og ),

cos (2 log

i sin (2 Iog ) ,

'

=
.

1 2

+D

cos (2 log )

+ D sin (2 log ) ,

D 1 =2 + ,
.

D,,=i(C2 - )

Euler-

tl

'80

+ =
, .

+= l

8 . .

10 2"
:20

+ 3' + 5 = ,
'" + ' - = ,
3

= ~[Cl cos (21og ) + 2 sin (2 log )].

=- (1

+C

10g + C.logl ).
17

258

= 1 -+(2 +Calog ).

= 1+
2 -
,

50

2"

+ ' + =

= 1 cos (log )

+ 2 sin (Iog ) .'

= 1 2 + 2 ~.

= (1

25. Laplace-

+ Cslog ).

1\ '

(26)

()

__
= (

d n- 1 y
dx n- 1

+ ) - dny
+ ( 1 + 1 )
dx n

+ ... +(+ ) =,.

ai bi , ' Laplace -

Laplace- .

(26)

Laplace

(27)

etx q> (t) dt,

q>

(t)

(t), ~, (27)
(26).

(27)

(28)

:~ =

t q>

(29)

etx

dt ,

(27)
(

(\ -

_
,dky
--

d:x!'

(28)

(t) Pe tx dt

t k q> (t)e tX dt

(26)

q> (t)

Qxe,tx dt = (}

= t n

,+ a t n- + ... + ,
1

Q = botn + b1 t n-

+ ... +

259

(29)
cl

tl, 88h

r.p(t)Q ,

xetxdt = dv

cp(t) Qxe tx dt =

etx [ (p(t) Q ]' dt

[ r.p(t) Qe tx ]: -

(29)

[3

L(y) = [r.p(t)' Qe tx ]: + [ -

(30)

( (t) Q)'] etx dt = .

'

ll

(27)

,(30)

[cp(t) Qe tx ]: -',

(31)

(26),

8, .

(- ~ [cp(t)Q]=O,

~,

1 j~ dt

cp(t)=-e

,
(31),

ll

dt]P = ,
[ e tx + j ~
Q

(32)

(26).

13

(27)

. , , 1' ~1' ~2"

(32)

.. ,

~rJ

8 ' (32) , ,

~2

1 = etxcp(t)dt, 2 =

etx cp(t)dt"

..,

-:-

Je tx ( dt

(26)

LapZaCe-

P8~ h

'
[3n

[31

= 1 etx (t) dt + .".+ et)( ' ( dt.

1

, ,

(33)

"

260
.

i3

etxrp(t)dt, " =Jtrp(t}etXdt,

dx

<

{3

rp(t)Petxdt + rp(t) Qxetxdt = ,

+ ) t + ,

= (

rp (!) = t a-

(32)

-"

(t

Q = t2

I)-l,

[etxt a (t+l)b]: =
> ,

t = -

t=

+ t.

>
1

t=

n 38

.=-,

=-l

.=-I,

h
-1

.yt

= etxta-1(t+l)b- 1 dt,
-

2 = eIXt a- 1(t+ 1)b-1 dt

-1

-1

= etxta-l(t+l)-ldt+2 etxta-l(t+l)b-ldt.
-1

1.

d
~
2

(33')

dx 2

d"
+ _

dx

= ,

= at ,

Q=

t? -

2 ,

(t)

(t2

2)"2 -1 ,

261

(32)

[e1x(t2-b2)f]: =0.
> , " ~

t= -

t=

t =-00

....-=:-,

~=-b,

=-.

i=.

r
-

= 1 l (t2 - 2{2"-1 dt + 2 etx (t2 - 2 ) ~

(33")

-~

-1

dt;

h
+

= etx (tll - 2) ~

1 dt

-+- 2 etx (t2 - 2); ~ 1 dt .

20

d2y +' 2

(34)

dx 2

dy
dx

+ 2 =

>

l' .

.(32)

2at,

Q = t 2 + 2 , q>(t) = (t2

>
t

+ 2) ]: =

+ .

t= -

=-,

2 )-1

[ l (t 2
t = - ,

~=+ 0:= -l)

=-,

~=+.

etx (t2 + 2)U-l dt + etx (t2 + 2)-:1 dt,

-..

(35)

bl

/ (t 2 + !)-l dt.
-

1)

nh

1:

D -

262

t=

dt = ; du,

lf

etX (F+b 2 )a-1 dt=i eu ' (2 -u

l)

a-1 du=i ( 2 _2 )-l cos du-

- ( _ ) -l

sin du ,

etx (t2+b l )a-1dt=i (Z __ u~)-l cos uxdu- (b 2-it2 )a-1 sinaxdu=

-

= 2i ( 2 -

2)-l cos d 1)

Jl

(35)

u ( 2 +2) a- 1dU 2 ) +i (b2_u2)a-lcosuxdu- ( 2 _!)-l sin du,

-

f ( _ ) -l

2;

COS

du.

r81 lf
81

(34),

-~

1 u (2 +!)- 1 du+ 1 (b 2 _u2)a-l sin du+

+ 2 ( 2 _ 2)-l cos du ;
1)

('

- uZ)a- 1 cos

_,

S<b 1 -UZ)-1 si dx = ,

.
2)

263

f
f ( _ )-l

l =

e!IX ( 2 + 2)-l du

+ (b2_2)a~1 sin du,

COS

du .

, { ,

+ .

30.

(36)
= 2

d2y

de 2

dy
dE - 4

2 }

(37)
.
Jl

dE 2

(33')

(37),

dlIj

+ 3 dE

4 =

dI) _

Ij

(33"),

= 1

4.

h
+2

t!,

(t 2

-4)dt+2

15

(t2 -4)Tdt,

-2

->

-2

2 =

0=3,

-2

= ;

(36)

Ifx (t2 - 4) ~2 dt
.

+!

t{x (tB - 4) ~
2 dt.

-2

11.

L(y) =(n)

+ at y(n-l) + ... + n= () ,

.(38)

()

[()

[() ,

UJl (N!! 10).

264

(38)

h Lgg-

(Ng 21),

XOMo~eHe .

L(y)

(39)

(38)

(38),

(.Ng 20)

Jl:

Lugg-

(39)
_

h,

(39).

(38)

I<OHCTIITe,

(38)

(), , Lgg-,

(38).

MeTO~.

26.

(38)

() n'-Tora
, .

_ d"y
(40) L () = -_ .

'"

+ 1 ddx

n - 1y
._-_.
n- 1

+, ,.+ n =

+ 1 + ' ,,+

-1

.
,

(41)

(41)

(41)'

(41)

(40)

(42)

p- 2

(40),

80 8

1)

(40).

+ ( -1)a x +, ,,+ - 1 ,
,",= ~ (~.~l) ~ox~-~ +,( ,- ,1) ~~ 2~ .- ,+ ~",'

' = - 1

(42)

() =

(40)

(40),

(41)

, ,

' , ,

(40).

265
. :

'

n ((' (11' -

'

((

((1"'"

(41)

(40).

(40)

L(y) =

(40).

k,

(40)

n h .
.

nh :

() =

==;:

(38),

l1::::

y=~

Y=~

n =

n- 1

2!n-2

k!

n - 1 ::::

n -1 =

n-2

=1= ;

..

. .

,,="-1= ... =l1-+l=0,

aIJ-k=f:.

an-k

) (()

(), () n -" ,

Qp(X)

n ~

aIJ ,

II :

" = ,

Qp(X)

an =an--t= ... =n-k-l.-l=,

(43)

l1-1

d 2y
dx':!

--y=x 2 +1.

al1-k.

266
.ll .ll n

(44)
,n

'= 2 +1 ,

."II

II][ .

" = 2

'

(43)
2

+ 1,

-no2- 1 +2 - 2 = 2

+ 1.

r . , "ln

1 = ,

1,' -

20:0 -

:!

~Jl

(44), h . n

(43)

, n Jl

d2 v

--=

dx2

20,

(43)

+ 2-

3.

Jl '~

d 3 y +dy =r.

(45)

dx8

dx

(46)
h

(47)

cf2z

i
-+z=x
2

dx

267
8 <;>

Z:=

(48)

+ 1 + 2 + <+ .
8

1)

+ 61 + 22

Z" = 122

(47)

+ 6:1 + 22 + + . + ~x2 + : +
' + 0:18 + (12 -+- 0:2)2 + (60:1 + :.) + 2! +

12a..r

..

0:, =

",

0:, =

',

0:0

1 = ,

= 1,

120:0

+ 2 =

60:1

0:.

= ,

20:.

0:.

0:,

= ,

0:0

= 1,

0:1

= ,

(Ll

= _. 12,

(47)
' -12 2

Z=

(47)

(48)

0:4

24 .

h .

+ 24 .2)

([2z
-+.z=,

dx2

1) h

rpan

(45),

(46),
.

dY

'\'

n -

-dx- =

'+l+22++4 ,

d3 Y
...
dx2

4cr8+3lZ+2~+,

dx = 12aax2+6alx+2~
11 h , 1 , ., "

(45)

(aOx'+alx3+a2xz+aSx+a,)'dx '.'

2)

n n

(45)

= ('+l3+22+s+,).

= SZax=

(45),

(46),

-4 3 +24

268

z=

cos

,Z

cos

+ sin .
(47)

,+ sin +

f zdx=A f

+ 24 .

12 2

4-

(45),

cos xdx+B sinxdx+ x4 dx-12

(46)

f x dx+24 f dx+C
B

, ,

+ 2 sin + .

27.
. (38),

.
COS

+- . 5
5

4 3

24 . 1)

[(}

, .

(49)

d - y
.
= dny
-.
+
1 - - + ... + . = ,
dx n
dxn n

, .

(49),

.rr

= ,

(50)

(50)

' =

"

(49).

(51)

(50)

q>()

(51)

2 1. , , <)

(49)

q>(~)

(52)
, (() ==

=-'-,
<()

1)

(45)

= S ZdX=AS COSXdX+BS sid+

n

....

sin

+ COS + 1

(46),

(50)

269
'
=

(49),

(50),

__

( ()

'()

. ,

(49).

(49),

(12)

'1 =

(52),

. 1 )

, .

= '()
L ( ) = [xq>(a) + ''()] ,

L ( )

. . . . . ,. . . . . . . . . . .' . .

(53)

'()

(49),

= ,

, lt

(49)

L ( ) =:
,

[xq>(a)

L ( ) =

(53),

+ ''()] =

., " h '() =

q>' () =

=-~.
'' ()

(49)

- -
'' ()

'{) =
,

1i

{49},

= " ,

1)

<1()
ll
.

== + 1 - 1 + ... + =

(49)

(.N'~

23)

lIe

270

rJte

Jl

(49)

( ) = L ( ) =

n,

(53),

1 [ q> () + (~) - 1 ' () + ... + (/:-.1) (-l) () +<() ()] =

<I'()

, <' ()

, , <(-l() =

q>() ()

=--() ()

(49)

(49)

(49)

= ,

10

, .

L(y)

(49).

d 2y _ 3 dy +2=.
dx 2
dx

(54)

Qly -3 dy
dx2
dx

'1 =

'2 =

+ 2= '
+ 22.,

'

,2- 3,+2 =0.

lt ,

8 l 8

1 ,

(54)

" = 9}.

' = ,

h , ,

21=1,

1
1=-.

271

(54)

= ..!..3
2

~ ,

= 1 + 2 2 +..!..
2

20.

dtp
dx 2

dy
dx

---3-+2=".

(55)

'1 =

1,

= 2

(55)

=
=

+ C'l.e

2X

(55)

+ ,

'=

= ;

" = 2

+ ",

h , ,

-=

1.

(55)

Ji
Y=.- ,

+ 2 "
2

(38)

(56)
, () . .
=

(57)

ze ax ,

' = (=~ +az),

" = (d2 Z2 +2a.dz +a2z\, .
dx

dx'-}

,.

-= -t- ... +

1") ~eax ( d"

dx n

+
dx

. n -1 dz
.

anZ ,

212

(58)

d"z (n-1)() d n- 1 z
'() d z
.
- - - + - - - - - + ... +--+rp()z=(),
!
dx n
(-l)! dx n- 1
11 dx

(n)()

(40), () (52) '(), .. ,

q>(tl)(a) 1). (n)(), rp(n-l)(a), .. ,
() (58) .
() =0" . (58)
() {), -

z= Q(x) ,
~ Q(x)

'

(),

(58).

()

(58) q{a)

(57),

(56)

'()

Q(x).

, .

(-l)()

.. "

, ()() ,

z=xP Q(x)

(58),

, ,

(57),

Q(x)

6r rn IC , .

"

+ ; -

2 == ( 2

'1) e1x

f.

(59)

ze 2X ,

+ 2z),
' z" +
+ 4z =

'

(z'
5z'

z = -
1

(59),

"

2 (z"

1 . +'13
16, 32'

+4z'

+ 4z)

(.N'!! 26)

+ -4 +~4 2
2

10

16

13) .2)

= 1 + C2e-2+2 ( -2 _-+-

(56).

2)

'()

2)

Jl , h

"'"

32

.... 2

( 2

+ 1 + 2).

213
40

(60)

'"

"

"

(60')
" = (z"

'

zeX ,

+ 2z' + z) ,

+ z) ,
(z'" + 3#+ 3z' + z)

(z'

'" =

z'" + 2.i" + z' =

(61)

+ 1'

Z' = <%

(62)

Z" =

Z'" =

II

+ + <%1 =

1,

<%1

=-

2.

(62),
Z'=x-2

, , .

(61)

Z=--2x
2
'
,

(60'),

(60)

Y=ex(~2 -2).

(60)

+ 2",+ ,

= 1 + 2 + C8ex+ex(~2 -2 ) .
28.

(63)

L () = ()

+ + + ... + Ke

kx ,

, , .. , , , , .. k , () 110 ,

L ()
1)

()

l(-l)

+ ... +

(60) R, h

+ 0:.)
18

274

(63)

ai

Jl

() =

()

L () =

.....
L
, l '

Yk

()

10,

(63).

(64)

+... Yk

= + 1

Ke kx ,

Jl

t.N'!! 20)

+ " = + 1 + 3

(64')

',,

(64)

(65)

='2 =

+
,

2 (

= -

+ 1) = ,
1,

h - .

'"

+ " = + 1,

'"

+ " =

3",

" 1 = 2

Ui

"'l = 2

6f.,

+ 2

+ 1

"l

, ,

+ 3,

l{

rJl

(65)
-!

3"

12

=---+-x~,
1

1)

n , h

Yt

= 2 (2 x~+ ,

+ 2 ).

275

(65)

(64') .

, ,

2 =

, ,

YIll'l =

, lh ,

2=3=~
,
2

2 =-

(64)
3

+ . .=

3
+
+ - ,
3
2
2'

- - 12

tfr

= 1

3
+ 2 + - +---+-
+ _
12
3
2
2

,l)

(63)

(66)

= si ,

? .

si =

eaiX_e-i

21

.
L()
= - i1l _ _ e - al "
.
2!
2!

(67)

8\i Jl8 ~,

(67) 'n;
(63), , (67) .
18 (66)
l{

cos

1)

li

si

(64)

y"~z,
; .

+ cos :

v.'" = z'

276
,

Euler-' ,

(66)

sin

(66)

(67')

(67")

+ ~ cos

sin + ~ cos )",

(66).

() ,

() =

cos +

sin ,

ml
)

(66)

L () = ( cos ~x

(66')

(67') (67").

+ sin ~x) , "

L ()

(67"')

e(a+f3 i )

+ e(a-pi) ,

27, )

()

+ 1.. e(a-pl) ) ,

= (1.1 e(a+pi)

~; (67"').
1.1 . ~2 .

r., () n

()

= (}-1 cos ~ +}-. sin ~ ),

}-l }-2 .:, ~ n

(66'),

+~i

~, ()

(66)

(66")

I~ () =

(66"')

L () =

m ()

cos

m ()

sin

m () n - , ,
, h

nOMohy

27, ).

271
)(

(66"'),

(66")

()

Q(1)m ()

cos

Q(2)m ()

sin

~ ]

~ i , Q(1)m ()
Q(2)fn () n ,

()

d)

(66)

(66")

(66"').

() =

m ()

cos

L () = m () sin ~ ,
, .
8

27,).

, h

= .

~i

[Q(1)m ()

cos

+ Q(2)m () sin ~ ] ,

tt, Q(1)m ()

Q(2)m () .

ft)

,
L ()

(66)

+ n () sin ~ ] ,

[ m () cos ~

, ,

= [ Qm () cos ~

Qn

() sin ~ ] ,

Qm () Qn () Jl ,
, .

20

11. -

"

. (68)

sin

2 + 1 =0

'1

'2 = -

= "
i. '\' 2 i - 2 i
lI , , !, ,

sin 2
"

(68)

+ ~ cos 2 ,

=-

sin

' = 2

2- 4~

cos

cos 2,

- 3 sin 2 -

3~

cos 2 = sin 2 ;

- 2~ sin 2,

218
n

-3=1,

=--,

n n

(68)

= -~sin 2 1)
3

= 1 cos + 2 sin - ~ sin 2.

3

30

" +=

(69)

- i

sinx

, ,

ns n, ~

+ ~ cos ),
'= ( + ~) cos + ( = (

1'"

(69)

(2

sin

~x)

cos -

~x)

(2~

sin ,

+ ) sin ,

cos -

2~

sin

sin ,

=,

~=--.

n rn
=

(69)

--cosx 2)
2

= 1 cps + 2 sin - ~ cos ,

40,

(70)
1)

"

+ =

CQS .

n 'n

(68),

e2ix _- 2 ;

"+=

---2

2) n ll (69),
"

+ ....

; _-;

21

279

'1.= i,

+ =

~ (1 +
2

'! =

[.

+ ~ (1-)
2

"

+ = ~2 (1+,

"

+ = ~2 (1-".

Ji f
1

-=

+ (1;1) (1+,

; ~;

(~ox

+ 1) e(1-),

TQ&fe

t .

(71 )

(Iog )

jt

dny
- .
dx n

sin

+ 2 cos + 1 + 2

~)

. (

+ 1

d n- 1 y
-+ ...
'dx n- 1

n -1 - -

JI

log

log .

= [,

(70)

(56),

dy
+ n - 1 ; -dx
--n =

24)
" P(log ),

!,

(71)

29.

I<

(7?)

Hel<a

L () == (II)

+ P1"J'(n- + ... + n = l(~)

1)

1) , h )".1 r.r.il (10)

')'

.1 .

2)

h .1

(70),

r.h

= [(<XOx+u1}cos +' X'I'J 1) sin ).

280

Pt (i = 1 , 2 .. ,

() .

f(x)

(72')

= +~ ( cos + sin ) ,
2~

-1

(,

~I

(12)

+ 2,,;).

y=~o+ ~ (Amcosmx+Bm sinmx)

, (73)

=1

'= ~ (-msim+mmsm) ,
~1

, (
I, (73)

1, 2, ...)

(72),

(72).

-h
~

L[~O+ ~ (Amcosmx+Bmsinmx) ]=; +~ ( cos + sin )

m-l

(74)

L ( cos

(75)

(74)

1,2, .. ).

0- - , 1)

-2-="2'

(75),

Pt.

(73)

81 (,

1)

cos

sin

3 8 , ,

;0,

+ ~ sin ) = cos + si m,
(

(~o)=

m=1

+ 2,,;). 2)

3 n

(72)

=t= .

1) (72') , (73) .

281
.

~'

(73), :h (i = V-1)
. Ol (72). .

( !

+ sin ).

, , .,

) = '" + 2 = ~o + .~ ( cos 1 + m sin )

(76)

,=l

h,

(73)

=-

Ao=~,

(76')

m2 -

(74)

(75),

B=-~-,

2 -2

8 -2

2 . -

8. (75) h

(76")

(,

+2

(76)

'1

ti
l). ,

1
<~
t 2-2 I<,m2 -2
m

2'

>

10.

"

() 'u

-~_.y -

1<

2 -2

< ~2

'

2)

(77)

m2 -2

'1> ,
'1>

+ -4

[()=---,

[()

'1>

,_,

1t, .
'1> <<,

1) . ufi, uILU u u uJlI uu

(N2 207).
2) (76) ,
~ (. u. citato, N~ 205, 206)
=

lim

282
f(x)

=.::...,
4

<<

f(x)

1t.

h (. U 10.

cit.

N!! 207),
.
f( ) -_ SJn

(78)

sin3x +. +sin(2m+l)x+ 1)
3
. . 2+ 1

.ljh (77), {()

:

(76)

(78),

=,

= -1,

2m+l-

+1

(76'),
1

2 + 1 =- t2m+l) [(2m+l)2+1] ,
- lf 8

(78')
\

(77)

=~ si!1~ _ sin 3 _ .. _
sin (2
1)
...
2
3 (9+1)
(2m+l) [(2m+l)2+1]
,

k1t ,

= k1t.

(78)

(78'),

f(kc) =

20.

(k1t) = .

(78').

" + 9 =

(79)

log /2 sin ~ 1.
21

8 I '1'

t-

7t,+ 1t) _

~8 ( - 1t,

log /2 sin

+1t), .

1= ~o + ~ ( cos + m sin )

m~l

(.N2 206). 2)

-tc

-= : log 12 sin ~ / dx= .: J.log! 2 sin ~ Idx +

_

1)

""

h, Jl, Jl

"4-'1-+'5
) . /fl; uuu .

283

+1'10

+:
r.

log /2 sin

~ !dx , '

.!flOg (2 sin ~)dX

r.
2,

r.

= 2log 2 +~f]Og (Sin~)dx = ,

7t

fio g (Si!'l ~.) dx =

~ r.log 21);

r.

ari= ~fcOSmXIOg(2Sin ~)dX,

(m=l,2, ... )

2 log.2
9' ._r.

7t

cos m d

+ -2
r.

cos

1og (.
Sl -) d .
'.
2

, , lI
h

u = log (sin

~),

cos

m dx =

dv ,

=-m

r.

sin

m cos ~
2
.

7- sin (m+ ~-)

=--'
m

.
2 Sl 2

dx-

~)

.1 fr.sin(m- - - - d x . 2)
m
2 .

. Sl 2

1)

. 8/1,

.fl1u ( ,

%) sin

58,

3i;1aTaK

220).

cos ~ ~ .!.- sin ( + -..!..-) + -..!..- sin ( 2

..

) .l.: . 8, . .

-..!..-)
2

. (N2 207).

uu

284

. ( - -1).
=
2 .

s1

s1 m

. - ,
cos - - cos m s1
2
2

m =-m:

: sin m cos ~2 dx=-2m1- - -l ': sin m. cos ~2 dx,

-

.s1

m:

"2

2 s1 "2

m =--

1 ,2, ... ).

+:

m = _l_Jsin m log 12 sin dx = ,

2

'7t:

-:

1og

12 '

(- '7t:

,+,,)

I
=-cosx- cos - cos 3
223

s1-

=
=

(79)

3,

+ 3i

(79)

cos m

cos
1) .
... - ----...

~h

+ sin m

lf

'

= -

(79)

+ cos m ,

m 2 cOS m -

" =

sin m

m 2

sin m

_m2 cosmx-m2msi.m+9 cosmx+9Bmsinmx = _ cos m

1)

( =

1, 2, 4, ...).

'

m=,

m(m2 -9)

... '7t:

cos 3

cos

+ sin 3),

+ sin 3 + (- 3.4 sin 3 + 3 cos 3),

log 2 = 1

-"2 +"3 - 4" + ... + (-1)

+ 1 + ...

285
'

=-

(79)

+ (- 9 cos 3,- 988 sin )

sin 3+ 68 cos'3x

-6

sin3x

+68

cos

cos3x=- - - 3

8 =--

=,

18

.
1
cos 2
~
s3+2 s3--S--"""7+

( Ct - -

18

(79)

( - ,

cos m
.
. m(m 2 -9)

10 .

=4

. ti

30.

Taylor-

l.

~ - Taylor-
.

. ' -

f(x, ,' ,

(80)

,(n = ,

,,'," .,(n). (80)

(n) --

(80')

, (
. . , , '

, , (n- 1

1)

.~

, , '

, ..

,(n-).

(80')

Taylor- .

(81)

+ (
- )

'+

(-
(X-:~O)nyo(n)+
2 I )! "+

~.,

+ ~x-xo)n+l (n+1) +...

(+l)!

1)

~
=t= , , ', , (n),
(80),
~OO
.

(80') .

286
,

'

= "

' = ',

.. ,

n-

1) = )'0(-1)
". (81)

(80')

(-1 ).=

(- 1 ).

(80')
() =

. , i

' = ',

~ (> , (+ 1 ),

q> ( ' , ' , .. , (- 1

(80')

),(+1) = q> + q> '+ : t ... + ~q>_ ()

.

'

, () h

- .1
rn
(+1) -

(-1)

(80'),

( " '

, ... ,

y(n~1

(+1)
. -h ,

(8i)

rn

'

","

(-1

h ( l , (+1),

(80')

~ , . '"'" (-1).

(, (+1) ,

. ,

(81),

, "

= '" (, , , ', .. ,(-1

, . ,'

,(-1), , ',

CI . =-

'lr

.. , (-1)
(, , , , (- 1 .

- l-
,

(81),
(80') =

y~ = ',

. ,

<-l) = (-1)

= '" (/, , ,Yo(n~ ilii111

llii1k (80').

(81)

n luri- ,

(80'),

- =

= '

(82)

10.

'. '','"

(-1) = (-1)

287

;:<:=0

(82),

=, '=''

'" = _
(n+2)

+ 2) ,

(2'

= _

=
"

Liitz-

[ 2 (n)

yJV

=-

( 2"

2n(n- 1 )

il,

+ 4' + 2), ...

+ lZ (rz-l)

:n- 2 )] ,

''' =

yJV =

2,

... , (l1 2) = -

(n-1)

(n- 2).

(n+ 2 ) = =

2, 3, 4, .. ,

yo Jv=-2ul
(7)=0,

+2 =

4k

+ 1,

+2 =

(6)

=0,

(\)=,2.3.6.7''

4k (k = 1, 2, .... )

(-1)'<1 25 ... (4k-3) (4k-2)

'

(k = 1, 2, ... ) h

(4 1 ) =

fl

(5)=-23',

(8)=25,

8 h

yo(4k)

(i-z-l) <n- 2 )

+2 =

(-1)~2

4k

367 ... (4k-2) (4k-l) '.

+2

8 =

4k

+ 3 (k =

1, 2, ... )

luri-

(82')
h

(82)

:<:.

, . =-=
=.

v'=y'o'

288

(80')

(83)

+ 1 + 2 +... + n n + .
2

(83)

(83)

(80').

38

(80'),

, 1 , , n- 1

(83)

' '.

(80')

(83),

(83),

, 1 , , n -1 ' (83)
luri- , ' Taylor-' 8.

2'.

(84)

"

(83).

(83)

(84)

h ', h

1.2 2

+ = , 3 4 . , + 1 = ,'
(n-l) n + n- 8 = ,

2 . 3 .

= ,

Jl,8

==- 4~'5=0,

--

2.3'

au

56

-2356

6 =--=---,

67

3467

= - - - = - - - - , ...

aS k-l =

aak+l = (-I)k

(84)

(-I)k

3 . 4 6 . 7 3k(3k

2.3.5.6oo.(~k-l).3k'

+ 1)

(83), h 8.11

X
+
...
+(-I)k
+ ... ,
232356
2356oo.(3k-I)3k

1=1--+--"

Bk

289

, l .

luri-

(82')

(85)

2

=+ '-21 -' 31 '+41 + ...

(86)

4
5
= ( 1- '
".'-1- - .. ) + Vo' ( - - + - ... )
\
~I
41
31
5!

== cos + Yo'sin ,

' ' lJ KOHCTaHT~.

(83)

= cos
("

(85)

+ l si ,

,h

20.

"

(83),
'

30,

"
-

1)

+ ' + =

Jl

__ ,
:r -
" .... - ,
"

"'=--',

I=":"""""1,

yY-=+','

,VI=_y, ...

( , ,

'"

... - ' ,

/ =

(82')

v ==

+ ' ,
(86),

10 ...., --

, ','

(85).

2"

1) ll,
R

19

290

'

X ll

1..5

2n -'-1

I=--+-----

4,.11

I,

-) "

+ [ -

, . .

rAe

31. - .
(87)

... + ( - I ) n - - - - - + ....
1 . . 5 . (2n-l)
,

..I

(++l)] ' -

a~y

=== ,

8 fi.JlU11iu .

. .~

rAe

I( Jt

(87)

... + )n + ...

+ ! +

:)- t;lo + 1

(88)

(87).

3h , ' "

.h

n ,

(n+l)

(88)

(88)

h'

.
(+n) + 1

...

(+n) (~+n) n ,

(88) .

. TaKd

ai

~ ,
1

+l

(n+l)(y+n)

1,

1 .2 .

r (+l)

(+l)

... (+n) ~ (P+l) ... (~+n)

. , .. ,1 .2 ... (n+l) (y+l) ... (+n)

-1, - 2 , .. :, -

3h

(88')

2 (+ 1)

(+n) (~+n)

*,

2 = (a+lU~Il) 1 = (+l) (P+l) , .. ,

(88)

Q~h um

_ F (~
. 1'"

l -

) _ 1+~

, -

1.

+ (+ 1) ~ (~+ 1) + +
..2

1 . 2 . )' . (+ 1)

+ (a-l-l) : .. (+ll) ~(P-+-l) ... (~+n)

1 .2 . (n+l)

(+l)

f.

x~+l

""-

+ ... ,

.. (+n)

(-1 <<+l). ll
'n' II'JI' Qauss- i (81) .1
-1, -2, ...-

*0,

291

I< dr8

(87),

(89)

l-

z;

(l-)

z"

+ [2 - -

+ ~ +3-2 ) ] z' -

( +1-) (~+I-YJ %=0.

(87) , ~ Jf

1 ~ , ~ l-y, 2-; :iF8' 8

z = (

+ 1- ., ~ + 1- , 2 -

, ),

2 - , ~ 1, - 2, . . .. (89)
(8 7)

Gauss-

2 = l-:- ('+ 1 -, ~ + 1- ,2,-, ),1)

(89')

mr h

(90)

==

CtF(a,

~, , )

+ 2 1-

(+ l-, ~+ l-y,2-y,x).

Gauss-

(137)

, .

Qauss- i

l-x,

ocraje

11). ,

, a+~ +1-.
(87)
1 h

TqMe

(87)

1) ' , ueo
. . = 1' ... 1.

. Gauss- . . ,
,

1 - h,

Gauss-

yt

12

""" F (: ,~, 1- h, ),

= x h F ( + h, ~ + h, 1 + h, ) ,

h ... .

lIl'

(87)

.
F (
,,=Ilm

+ h, (3 + h, 1 + h, ) h

b~O

(, (3,1- h, )
_

+ () - "" () ,
(- 1 <~ < + 1)

12"'" F (, (3, 1, ) log

()

2) ( =
1 UZll t Gauss-08e (87),
" . n (90)

(90') z.u n - - 1.

292
=

(90')

,-

+ ~ +1 -

(, ,

+ 2 (I-)-- 13 (

32.
(87)

~ .

1- )

, - ,

+ l-- , l-x),

1)

Lgdr- .

Gauss-

(91)

l-t

= 1,

=--

'

1.0 Li3getrd- 8

d2
(l-t 2 ) ~
dt 2

(92)

~=-1l,

a=n+l,

2t

d
.-l+1l
(n+ l) = ,
dt

d [ (1- t 2 )

dt

(91),

~J:' ]
dt

.'
+ ( + 1) = .

l Legendte~oBe

,
,

(92).
yt

F(

1- t
, 1'-2-

+ 1, -

(88') Gauss,oBe

Lgnd-

)2)

, , Gauss- , h

(88) ) h Lgnd- (92).

1)

( . ,

1, ,

) '( -

)"

+ (lx + )' + n =0,

, ~=a+(b-a)

~y

t (1 -

t) dt 2

[ -

((

-1-

r,

Gauss-

13 + 1) t

dt -

13

(87)

t)

cr-

+ ~ + 1=

1,

13 =

= - --,

12

Gauss-f '

,
)

(~8) t.

(92) t

(88'),

12

=f= )

Lgnd-

= 1

(89') Gauss,oBe

(92),

1'

Lgnd- .UJII.

293
, ' " (88) (92) h " tP H.1nOM,
h ~n

+ 1) ( + 2) + 2 + ( =

rh

) (

+ + 1) = .
2 , , 'f

1, .. ,

1
=l,

l=

()

=0,

()

h~

(n-l) (n+2) t J

t_

Yz

(n-l) (n+2) (-) (n+4)

31 .

51

[5

+ ... ,

. Lgnd- .

() Lgnd-

II

(92)

() n

Lgnd-

iiu. ./1

d" (xJ-l)"

12"

dx"

n =--

33.

Bessel- .

"

(93)

+ ' -

..

. h Gauss-

(87),

(94)

](, ) = 1

+-1 +

. =

Ji

(93).

+ C x1- y (2-, ) ,
2

(93')

+' ... ,

(93)

= 1 }(, )

Oauss~oBe , h

(95)

1.2(+l)

t2

=--,

(93)

=n+l,

294
r

(94).

y=.t-n z

(96)

(93")

(95)

(96).

z= C1 t n( n+], -

(93") h

~)+ C2 t-n ( 1-n, - ~),

(97)
. ::

(95)

(96)

]n ! -,

(97).

(94)

(93")

Bessel- , ' -
Bessel- - .

(93), (93')

(93")

. 1)

Bessel-osa

. , ,

1 .
(93')
2

n=-,

z
t

=-

z'

C1 cost+C2 sint.

_ 1 cos t
-

1)

sin t

, }-n ("~ !!~I1

.0 I

It

}11 }-11 .
(93") t'.

= ,

'

Gauss-

. t

. }-11-}11
L ,
11~O

(87) = 1,

295

.
sa

Ii,

1..

= 2""

Jl.

BesseloBa

JlI .

~Jl

z34.

cos t + sin t

38:

ylY~ =

10.

+ cos ;

y=C1 e'l(+ 2 - + Cacosx+ C,sinx+

_ ( . 3)
xsinx
- - - --

2"

-xy'+2y=xlogx;
y=~[Ct cos(log )
C2 sin (log )] +Xlogx...

y"+y=4xsinx;
= (1 -xl)cosx +(2 +) sinx.
.

2" -2=1 +-;

" -

4'

+ 4 = ';

3
= 2 (1 +2)+"4++s'

" + n 2=
=

'.

cosx

<:"1 CQsnxT st n+ ---.

n 2 - 8

2"

4'

= 1 2

80.

cos ;

+ =

.
+ . + -.
2

y"+y=sinxsin2x;
xsinx
cos
y=C 1 cosx-r C2 sinx+
+--4

(93")

296
l +2"

(2 +1)'

" -

t=

= ,

"'- 2'

Ji
=(1

11.

+ = cos ;

t,

+ C2t)e +t+2.
t

y"-k=,

( , )

'

= (

);

120.

1.

Ji

"+1.=
IIMa t

(0,0)

('It, ).

= Csin VIx,

VI

130.

, .

"'- "- '+= (24- 4)

+ .

= 1 - + (2

42 + 2

/ =

1,

+ ) + 3 (+ 1);

, '

'=-1,

"=

y=z-e- x te x

'11
2x 3 -4 2 +5-z-)+(+
1).
"-2=4 2 '(2,

1)

l2+ 2,- ,2

Lagrange-OBY

+ ,,2 1 \

21),

,.

297
l~O.

sin

()

=--,

n () .

()

sin ~

"+2'+=;
h D.

"'"

-2

2 2

dx = dv ,

2
I-5
'12 x2 -xv"2 +1
V
2
x1e - '12 dr=--xe
2

5<

2
l.f-)
2 x -x'l"2

2- ,

-2 xV2"f r1e x 2 -V2" dx -

v- -V2f
2

x?+xVzdx = 2

cos ;

. ~ ,

35.

.
) f " u U8me-g , u-

1ialiia

lI

s=f(x;y,y').

(1)

ds ~ !
dx

+ f ' + f "

'

- f+ -f '+ -,
"
1+1'2=

'
. I

(, ,',") = ,

(2)
JI 80 1 2
. lI,

l 1 (1 'l) 2 (xs ;

299

'0/ (1 , 1'

2 ) = ,

(2 , 2' 1 , 2) =

. 1 2

(2)

(1)

(2).

1 ( 1 , l) 2 ( 2 , 2)
:

"

m .

s=f(a),

tg =

' ,

.=

ds=f'(a)da.
" dx
da=--

arc tg ',

l+y'~'

ds=Vl+y'2dx,

(1

+'2)8=

(/2 ( fgy')y"2,

q> (' , ") = ,

.

dx

z=

cos . ds,

(3)

ds = f,' () da..

dy = sin . ds,

('

[,

= !) cos da+

= () sin a.da +

. .

10

ff 1! " i1i10 .

s = ka, ds = kd
,

(3),

==-k cos d + 1 =

k sin

sin d + 2 =

1 )2

+ (- 2)2 =

. ,

".

{(

~ 1 ,

kcos

~ + jI ,

k2 ,

300
) 11

8Me~y i10i1

, .

R= {(,, ')

'2)(1
-,---,--,y~
3 = { (, ,.') ,
"
'.'.

(, , ', ") = ,

0/ (/, 1 2 ) =

r 1 :

10.

8" ii.i1

KpUHe .

R= {(),

(1

+ 1'2)"2 = f(arc tg '),

"

= ,

(', ")
r

0/ (, ,

'

2 ) =

= ds
, R = (()
, R
da'

'=

(3)

ds

-=f(a),
det

f [()

cos ada+ 1

, =

f (()

sin da+C,

. .

20.
Jt.upKe.

[li1 8 i1i10

301
n

ds
-=kcr.,

R=kcr.,

(3),
k

ds=kcr.dcr.

dcr.

cr. cos cr. da

+ 1 ,

sin cr. dcr.

+ (2'

). ' ' & ll

ll1t , ll u,

R=f(8,p)

<1

_(l
/2) 2
---'-~2

+ 2(:>,2 _

"

= [(8, ),

. 1

q> (8, , ', ") = ,

30,

llilu il,

,Q
<1
(2+ ,2) "2
--"----'--''---'--- =

(3')

2,2

"

t', 6,

1+ (-')2] = ( 1+ 2 '2_ ")2 .

(4)

'

-=fgv,

"_'2
- - = -'- ,

" __ t' u2

cos2 V

2.

(1

+ tg

2 V)8

= (1

+ 2tg v 8

1 (1

'

cos v

cos v
2

cos2 V

)2

tg8 y - - , -

cos

- - = - - - -'6

v+ __'_

cos v
2

)2

302

l_v,=+ ___l_. dv = 1 _1_.

- cos v de
cos v

= 1 +JCOS vdv

(5)

cosvl

, ,

=1

(4)

+ v-tg~.
2

(5)

. v

S1-

d = tg v d = tgv cos vd v ___2_ dv

cos + t
cos~
2
II<

(6)

(5)

(6)

2
-----=-COS2~
2

(3')

Jt.
.

d)

(5)

(3')

.
, n .

iio

iiyUia

iipaBe

,
,

ii .

. .

[() ,

d2 x
m--=f(x).
dt 2

dx
dt

--=V

'

d2x
dt 2

dv
dt

dv dx
dx 'dt

--=---=-----=

dv
-dx

'303.

mvdv = f

()

dx

(v2...,..v02) = {() dx ..
2

f(x)dx=cp(x)-(p(x o),
'

( dx )~ = vo2

+2 [ () -

( )] ,

dt

t=-

(7)

,V

...

dx
'z+~l()-()]'

Vo

f{x)=-kx

(7)

.
SJQ-

1/7
-

110

'.
,t

= Vo ~ :

(8)

t=

sin t

~~ ,

d2
m-=-
2

.dt

(9)

= 1 cos t -V ~ + 2 sin t ~ ~ .

304
,

(9)

t=O

=, h 3

C2 sin t

' h

V~

(8~

-
peJf.a, I

'

10. / ' .

R = f' ()
/

n n

f(x) + 1
d +
l- [f(x>+C1 ]2
2'

f'(x) =

2 ,
2

2 +1

Ya4-(2 +1 )2

dx+C'
2'

-. fifu ,
ttili

.20.

/ ; llu !1u

h ,

{) Ji

' n 1)

R
1 +'l
-=---,
N

"

1) . uh. JI IV, H~ 307.

305

l<

R
-

, - " iii3UiU., ili,

" . h

---

,2

---=~,

"

At(o

JI .

' = , " =

= !!,

dp
dx

dy

h~

d'(

YC =::::===+
2
1

=
) =

1 y-2 11 -

h 1 )

---L'" - -
2
-- VCydy
- y2 I '-"2- 2
l-'

. h
(

2 )2

+ 2 =

) = -1 h 1 = ~ h0 2 )
2

= ady

~-~

+ C~ =alogY+VY2-2 +C2 =aargch L + 1

[l (

y=ac~=2

:<-

- !)

--+--- ,

. n 2 .

30 f iiii 8 iiiiUQQ
1l0.

n h

+ '2)"2
3
--- = (1 + '2)"2
3

(1

"

l<

1=

" ,

1 2 - (1 y~ + 2 )2 =

1,

1 2 I{OHCTaHTe.

1) R l .
2) .

20

.306
40

uu

r.:J

l)

, .1)

1 +/2
---'---''-=

/'

-= - !Og(cos . ) ,

- ~=, l'

= 1 ,

iI1

l= - !og

, )
(cos-;-

nu ,

50 /

ilu

Jlll .

2 )

/2)-,--,--=---<-.2 = 2 V1+-;;

(1

"

<

1-+'2
-~-=2y.
"

1 2 .

6"

lit llll

uil1ill

llll 1!

1l0llU [ .

8 h

(1

/2)2

'/

1) . r?lI!, Jl

lV, .N'2 307.

'

307

1 +'2
-..:.....::-=-2,
"

2"'

'

1+12

=--;'

log (1

+ '2) == log

,--- dy.

dx= \1

1 -

;
1 )

x=~(t-sint),
2

70.

sakoH

= --L
(1- cos t).

i1 iIi . n

i10

mu

i1 i10 ". .u iIi ( u).

h ,
,

ll ,

, h ,

d2 -

(I--

g,

. lf

gt 8
y=--+vot+yo,
2

. ,

t=

-=vo
dt

ili10

tPy

"

dv

='

i10

vo

dy

dt 2 =-mg+k dt ,

k 8.

..

I). s1l; ,8 ', 307.

308
m lli

80.

d 2s
dt2

. s

--=-gs-

36.

S '

1
-=f(s)

(9')

; .

dy.
dx
-=cosa, -=s,
ds
ds

1
da
-=--[(3),
R
ds

k I< .

yrao

~ = +

f(s) ds

0 1 ) + (5),

= +

cos

ds = + cos [ + (s)] ds,

(10)

= +

sin

ds = + sin [ + (s)] ds.

'

. ' ,
' ,

(10)

= co~ (s) ds,

(11)

II

sin (s) ds

(11)

(10)

lt Koj~

l!

, -

1) ~peHOCT

s=

, =

309
0:0' , :

(10)

(9')

. 1)

1,0

R=

S2

, .

da

arctg-.

(11)

= cos(arctg.!...)dS=J- ds ,=alogs+Yiq:a, =a.rg'h~,

1'

S
-

= JSin( arcti!..)dS=
$~+a2
sds =VS2+a2

S 3

llh

20.

ch -

= -

-=--+ -")

R2 +$2 =

16:::.

ds

=
V16a2 -s2

4 sin

ds =

arc S1 -

s
4

"

cos dt:1. .

= cosa ds =

4 05 2

sin ds = 4

da = 2 + 5 2) ,

sin COS da = ~ cos 2.

1) . , : s JV, J;l!! 312.

ll

310
l

2 =
,"

+t, h

(t - sin t) ,

- == - (1 - cos t) .

,"

= ~,

=-

1)

== (t -

(1 - cus t) .

1) =

sin t),

h, h
, .

R=f(a),

.!!!.=f(a) , ds =f(a) da.

da

= f(a)cosada,
37.

,8 .

(12)

f(a)sinada.

f(%, , z) =Z -

(,)

. i10 (12)
1l10 , 0U1l

(12)

(12).

(12),

. n ll1;'

n. .

II (, ,

z,)

(i2) (, , z)
(13)

Z-z

t=M=M'

(14)

Y-.v Z-z
- - = __ = _ _ ,1)
-

-q

(12).

311

-'

dx

dy

(15)

(, , z)

(13)

(16)

Z-z

=0.

dz

(14)

af

af

dx

dy

dz

(15)

=0,

d2 x d 2y d2 z

(17)

dx

-q

dy

dz

=0.

d 2 x d 2 y d1z

(16),

(16)

(17),

(12).

(17),

(12)

z; dz d 2z,

r (, , dx, dy, d rt , d 2 )

d2 x =

'1'( ,, dx'
dy

(18)

'1'

fi

(12)

2Y

d 2 )_0
,
dx

1)

. 3l<

'

. (18) [)

(19)

(20)

(12)

(19)

1)

t:

(12).

dx'.

(, 1 2 ).

(20)]

312
, . JI
.

II

(12).
' (12)

X=fl(U, v)

(21)

{ 2 (U, v)

z= f(, v)
II (, ,

D(y,z)
D (, v)

(16),

-
=;:

D(z,x)
D\u,vJ

z)

Z-z
D(x,y)'.
D(u,v)

(12),

' lI

.!! ( ,z)
D
(22)

(,

(,

D(x,y)
D (, v)

v)

=0,

dx

dy

dz

d2x

d1y

d1z.

(21)

D (z, )

v)

.l.

D (, z)
D (, v)'

D (z, )
D (, v)'

(21).

D (, )
D (, v)

dx, dy, dz, d2x, d 2y, d 2z

' ,

v, du ,dv, d 2 u, d2 v

(22),

'1t (, v, du, dv, d2u, d2v) .:- .

h .
,

d2u =

v }

dv dV) =0,
'1t ( , V,-,
2
2

du

du

n ,

HaT~Ma ,

v.

&1

(, 2).

313

(21) h ll
= 1 (, 1 2).
= 2 (, 1 , 2)

z=

(, 1 , 2 ),

:
.

(21),

\f 8.
:,

, n !

.
I<

fiO 1,

. 1

, .

JI

. 1 )

z= karctg L2 ),

j~

(23)

cos 8,

sin 8 , z = k

(23)

D (, z)

D (z,x)

D (8, )

D (, ) ,

dx,
r "

dy,

dz,

d 2 x,

D(x,y)
D(8,p)

---,
d2 z,

d 2y,

d8, dp d2p, h 08)

(22),

1)

, ll

= cos t,

Z)

z -"" kt

+ 2 "'" 2

, <; l/.UIlU UU

Oz
3) d2e =-= .

= sin t

h .

314

2p
+ k2) d
d8

( )2

2 d8

2 -

- (2

+k

2)

= ,

(23)

dt .

dp = l
d8
"

(24)

d p
d8 2 2

d8
2

1 dt

Vt ="2 dp'

dt
dp

~ 12 (2 + k 2 )2 - (2 + k 2 )

t = 2 + k 2 (2
1 2

+ k2 _

1 2 )

1 .

2
( dp ')2 = 2 k (2
d8

2
.
1

+k

2 _

(24)

2)
1

8-
1
+
V(p2+k 2 ) (p2+k 2 -C1 2 )
~,
. .

C1 =k,

8='

kdp

Vp2.+k

+2 ;

(23)

1.

315

Oz

z=

(25)

tga,

. 1 )

(25)

x=pcose, y=psine, z=kp, (k=tga).

(26)

D (, )

D(y,z)

D(z,x)

D(e,p) ,

D(e,p).' D (, )

dx,

dy,

d 2 x,

dz,

d 2 z,

d 2y,

, , ,' ", CM~Tpajy~ ,

(22),

h ,

" -

+k

(22)

..<.

(1'+ k2 )

(27)

2 (1

(25)

2)

'2

- pl! =

k=tgr:r.

(26)

. (27) f.~
.
=

cos (8

.II

(25).

'11:

2" -

Oz.

Oz,

(26),

( ).

1)

cos

: JUI

1.

38.

x r'x
1

tl . -
n

2 '

t,

'{,); "2'"2"'"

X'1'X''t, ,

x~kn) l t.

(1)

F1(t,X1,X'1, ,X{k');X2,X'2, ... ,X~k2); ,Xn:

'm , x~kn=O.

F.2 (t, l' ,1,'

'

'"

X(k,) .

n (t, 1 , '1' ,

X~kl);_ ~ 'mn'

'

..

..

xl

t,

'"

'"

'"

k,); 2 ' '2"

'"

'"

.8

'"

..

'" !"

'"

'"

X(kn lJ

'"

-,

, x~k2); .' N. x'n,~' ~kn

1 , 2 , , n '

;
2' '2 . ' X(k.)
2 '''' ,

""

i=(t)
'

(1)

=I,2,

i 1/um

t.

(1)

... ,n),

!<

(1).

h CBt: ~

(1)

(1)

'1- (1) Il

xik,).

4k~,

... ,

X~kl/). . ,
X 1(k,) --

f 1 (t , l ' '1"' '" '" '" , ..\.1

'.(",-1). '
...tk2- 1 ) . . '
x(kn-I)
" 2 ' '" '" , ~2
'" '" '" , ,
,
'

(2)
X {k )- - f.

(t , l' 'l '

(2)

'" '" ""

X(k,-I
1

2'

'

x(k.-I)..

2' '" '" ., 2

'" ""

'

,,

X(kn -1

'

317
u
u .

Jl

. , ,

(2)

...

. . . .
-
' '

6h

--

k1

l, "

--

112"'"

+ k + .... f- k
2

Xij

. .

.....,

~ -1) - (k

, k -1
n

(i = 1, 2, .. ,

1, ... k; -1).

dx 10
dt

dX

l1
-~=X12'

-~~=Xl1'

dx 1 , k,-1
dt

dt

= f 1 (t 10 , l1 , , 1 , k,-1 ; ;
dX

dx':!., k,-2_
dt

21
--~X22"'"

dt

dx no
= 1
dt
n , k n -1
dx-- =
dt

dx

dX n1

-~=Xn2'.

8.8,

dt

f. (t , 10

, , k n -1 ,

2 k.-l,

n , kn -2_
- , k n - l ,

dt

l1 ,, 1 , k,-1 ; ; ,, , k n -1

1 , 2 ' , ,

t.
dX-1 = f 1 (t, 1 , ?, ... , )
dt

(3)

...... .. ...

.,

318
h

(3)

t,

dt

"- n

dt

(3),

1_ f + f1 f..+ ... + ft f.
+ _/

ft

d 2x1 =
dt 2

+ ... + _~~

dx 2_
dt

+ f1. _dx + f1

d 2x 1 = f
dt 2
t.

(4)
'

!. 3 : = 2
t

dt 3

+ 2

d 3 x1 = cp~
dt 3
t

dX 1
dt

(4)

+ ... + 2

dX 2
dt

(3),

+
2 f + ... + cp~ f.
,
1

(5)
- , 8

d 4x

= 4 (t, 1 , 2 ,

_1

dt 4

d"-lX 1
dt n - 1

(6)

--~

CPn-l

n)

(t J 1 , 2

dn x 1 '

- - = 1 2
dt n

-1

(3)

n),

n).

2 ,

(4), (5)

d n X1 =
dt n

{7}

(t
1>1

dX 1

dt

d2x1

dt2'"

)
t, 1 , -dXl , . . . ,d-1
n

dt

dt n

d n - 1 1
dt n- 1

= ,

I n n .

(6)

..

319
.

"

. u - .

(8)
~

(7) r:.y 1 , 2 ,
. AI<O .:: '

l'

dX 1
dt '

dX1 =
dt

dn -

{ 1 ,

1X 1

--~ =
dt n- 1

1 , 2 , , n),

CPn-1 (t, 1 , ~,

n ) ,

h ' -l -l 2 ' , , n
1.1

(t, 1 , 2 ,

) 1) = {1 ~t, '1'1' 2 ,

1.2

(t, 1 , 2 ,

) =

1.

n-

, 1 , 2 ,

n),

(t, '1'1, 2 , , n) ,

. .

= CPn.-1

(t, '1'1' 2 ,

,
n)

2 , , , N ,

D (t~ !, .. , CPn-=-1) ,
D (X~ , , , n )
, h

2= '1'2 (t, 1 2 , , ),

(9)

),

..... . . . .. ....

N =

. . .

'1'8 , 1 , 2 ,

'1'n (t, 1 , 2 ,

).

320

(8)

(9),

(9)

(3).

(8)

(8) (9) , h

(3).

f1i f1i CUCf1ieJl4

(3).

1 , 2 , XfJn

(8) (9)
/ t = .

t = tO

f1i1t

f1iU

f1i .

(3)

- Xl. ,
~

1
dX=
f 1 (t, 1 )
-

(10)

dt

dx,# = f.2 (t, 1 ,

dt

~)

1 ,

2 ,

(8)

1 , II

(9)

, ,

(3)

, .

8. KOlf. .

'

(3).

1 h

80

(10)

2 .

n .
{n)

=f

(t,

(3)

- .
, ', ",

. , <n-1

. . ~ .
,

--

1'"

"

--

2'' (n-l) --

n-1

dx

-= 1 ,

dt

dX 1
dt

-=

- 1
dX
-n=
dt

[(

dXndt

2 , , --=n -1 ,

t,

, 1 ,

'n -l

, 1 , , n - 1
'

321
.

(11)
n = , 1 , 2 , , ),

1 , 2 ,

; lt
d 1

dX 1

(12)

d 2

dX 2

t=dT'dt =t,

(11)

d n

dx n

.. ,

! =t

1 , 2 ,

1 ' 2 , , N

(12)

npBorjl

ll

(11),

'l

(11)

(11)

, ,

, lI

(11)

. 1 )
.

dx

~~ =2x+y+t.

-==+2,

(13)

d2x= ' +2
dt 2
dt
dt

+ 1.

. 3 r !!-.
dt

1 dx

2 dt

y=-----x--t.
,

=2x+~ dx -~x-~t+t=~x+~ dx +~t.

dt

1)
,

2 dt

l1

n+k

2 dt

22
(11)

n+k

' ,

2n+k

n+k

n+k.

2n+k

. +k

, h

~n

21

322
, I)f .lf. hw je~a
!"9t~' ~ , .

d2x -2 dx -3x=t+l
dt2

dt

'

Jl h

= 1 - I + 2.81 .,- ~
3 - .!..
9 '

(14)

(14)

(15)

(13).

h , .

Y=-l-I+281--g.

(15)

(13)

(14)

(15)

2 h

.
,

dt

'12

-1
2

'12
-t(
1

",= 2

+ z,

-'
2

dy
dt

=x+z,

(1 cos - t+ 2 sin --t)+

2
2

.
-1 sl
2

. -=
dx

(13).

lln

'12

--1
2

'12

2
2

(CaCos--t+,Si~t),
:l

lr;:J

l;)

v--t--C
2
1 2cos-t
2) -- -2 ' ( ~SI
1
. r -t---C,cos-t
2
1
r 2 )
22

dx

30

dt ='

2 1 .
(C1t+ 2 )2'

22

323

39.

(16)

. . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. ,

lf

f i (t, 1 , 21

t, 1 , 2 ,

),

luci-
Xl=X1 ,O

(17)

+t "1 +t221 " +

- 1'0

+t'2' + - t2

21

" ~.

+ .. ,

. . . . . . .. . . .. ..... ,
Xn=Xmo+tX'mo+~X"mo
+ ... ,
21

If

x~~ (17)
(16). 8 t 8 t = , 1 = lI '

2 , , ,

x'i,

0=

(16)

fi(O, 1 '' 2 , ,

, n , ),

(16),

lPXi
dt 2

= /' = fi

*... +

dx1 _
dt
'-

fid

dt

(16),

d2Xi _

dt 2

fi

(i = 1,2, , .. , ).

." _

-Xl

-::--

f;
t

fj f
1

+.

fi ~

d x; =
2

dt 2

"= (
;! ,1 ,

2 , ,

),

n,

'

324
,

t = ,

Xi

= Xi ,

<Pl (, 1 '' 2 ,0,. , n ,).

"/, =

h , h x~~t

(17)

(16) 1 , ' 2 , ' , %n, ' 3

MelloM X~k~
, (17), ,

(18)
( t, 1 , , ', n , ' n 1 , , , NO ..
. ~ (18) :luri-.

(17),

Blthe

(16),

(16)

n ,

r.aMoM

t=

.h n

(18) iii11 u1ii11

1 , ' 2 , , , , .
n ~(

(16)

lr, .

dx

(18')
tih

--=-

dt

d2x

dy

--=.

'dt

n luri-

= 1, = .

dy

dt2 =r-d= -,

d2y

;~ I

dJe

df2 =~==-y,

(}8

4
d 8y
dydt8 = - 'dt =, d(8-=-~==-%'

tJ4x

dy

dt

dt

--=--=

n ,

d4 y

dx

'df4

dt

--=.----

t = . = 1,

=,

= 1,
" = - 1, " =
"' = , "' = '=,

'

1,

'

(18)

(17),

325

(18'),

t=

= 1 , = : (17),

t2
1- 2!

+ -4!t ,... = cos t,

t8
t- 31

+ 51
-t ,.... =

5 '

t.

S1

(18')

t + 2 sin t,

= 1

cos

= 1

sin t - 2 ~os t

Jl , 8 t== =l,=,

cos t,

40.

sin

t.

--

(19)

dXt

. -=f (t, 1 ,2 , , n ),
dt
;

(i=1,2, ... ,n)

~ (t, . , , n ) 8

()

t o-

<t <t o + ,

.! -

< < + ;

(), .

I { (t, 1 ,

()

()

1~

X;ll'" , n )

Lipschitz-OB

I <, .

, .

(t,

1< {~I

1 , 2 ,., Xn)-f (t, 1 , 2 , .,n )

j

Xi.l} 1),

=l

( =

1 , 2 , .. ,)

(); , , rt .

h q

1) Xt

Xi

.
:ll

u,

Lipschitz-OB

-/

(t)

(19)

~ (), () ()

to-h

().

<t<to+h,

Lipschitz-OB

(), .

-/i \ ~ .

ull

U.

, (, ),

326

t = to

/;

h<a,

(d)

(19)

h<-.

= + / , 1 2

(20)

, ,

) dt,

to

a~x~~,

(, ) =(

+ , + k)

- (, )

(, ). {lO'I

q> (t)

= (. + th, + t k)

u=x+th, v=y+tk,

(=(, ),

()

, , ,

q> (t)

()

= ( + . + k).

q> (1)

q> ()

q>

= (, ) .

q> (1) - q>

(d)

-= '

()

() ,

()

'

(, ) h

(t) =

('!!.2i k

) ,.,. -(
+ th,
q>' (t
------

+ tk)

( + th, + tk) k
+ _.
,
.

' ()

()

()

( + , V + ek) - h

==

( + eh . + ek) k.

()

(d),

.
/ ( + ,

+ k) - f (, ) == h

I I

.(l u

+ , + k)

+k

lJ' (

+ ,.

f ,,;.)'

--

= + , == + k, ~ ,I_~J..I ~ , Lipscl1itZ-

I (,

- (, ) I ~

[I -

I+ I -

I] .

327

to -- h < t< t o + ,

( ) l

;.

;. ,

(20),

f (;,/,2,
t

x/(t)=x;o+

(21)

... , n ) df,

to

= tO

(/0) =

;. ~

r / r ,

(21),

()

(d),

()

(to)

t.

I t- to I<<.

IX/-,I<

Jl /

(t)

<; <;

(20)

to - h
t to ,
= ; ; -
X;l

t=to
; +

< <

Jl h ;2

;2 (t) = ; +

f (;
t

(t)

(t, \ , 1 2 , , x1 n ) dt,

to

t = tO

;2 ) = ;, .

.. () (!)
I ?

, JlII ;2

;2

(to) =

tO - h < t

Jl

tO 1 <; < .

; I ~ I t -

(t)

< to + ,

(20)

; Jl8 Jl

t = to

< 2 < ; + .

h , h Jl ,

(t)

(21,) (t) = / +

f; (t,x 1 m-1, 2 -1, ... , n - 1 ) dt,

to

Jl , ()
I

t= t o

(d),

- /

<; t - tO
1

(to) =

< <; ,

t o - h <; t <; to

+ ,

/ (t o) = / Jl8 Jl -

(20)

t = t o

< m <; + .

328
h

(t)

(20),

, ( .

(22)

~oo

(-

.ll /'

(20)

<t <;; to+h,

< < 0+
/!)

(t) =- /

(23)

(23)

+ (? -

+ (,2 -

/)

~/)

+ ". + (, -

(22),

+ ...

pell.OBa

, ,

-l)

to - h <= t < to

(21'),
t

+h

(23)

(22).
(20), .

- -l = [ (t, 1 -\ . , n - 1 ) - [ (t, 1 - 2 ~ ,n -2

} dt,

1.

, (),

I ,m_ m-l I

< (~ I Xjm-l_-2!} dl t - ( I
i =1

10

h
. =

1
]

= 2,3, ... , h

2 / I < ~ I / - / I } d I t - ( I
-

10

=1

, (),

(24)

3, (24), h'

h h

! _/ -1 1 <

! t-to ,
l ---<

n - 1 K~l

n-1 -l '

329

I / I

+ h+M

+ n 2 8 + ... + n-1 -l + ...

21

31

ml

(23) t t o - h ~ t :< t o ,
(23)

8. ll _ -l .

(23)

t to - h

:< t :< to + .

{:

fP/ (t)

-+

l(

(23)

t to -- h

< t :< to + .

(1) '8

(20).

(t) q~ (21') .
t

/ = + f;. , 1 -'-1, 2 -\ , n -l) dt.

(21')

to

..

(23)

t. - h :< t :< to +. ,

(25)

fP/

= -l,
-+

-+

Sjm (

= 0,1,2, . )

(23)

li

li ,
,

(25')

'.

(21'),

( = + f

fPj

(25),

[t, fPl (t),

2 (t), ...

fPn (t)] dt,

'.

to

fPj (t) (20) (19). ,

(21') (25')
t

,/ -

fPj (t) =

f j (t,

1 - 1 , , n - 1 ) -

f j [t, fPl (t), ... , (t)] } dt,

to

Lipschitz-osy

JlO" ()

(25),

330

I{f j (t,
t

X1 m-t, ... ,

n - 1 )

f; [t,

l (, ... , n (t)] dt

I<

to
1

<,

{L I-l

:-

) I} d I t -

to

10

I {f , 1 -1 ,
t

n -1 )

... ,

fi [t,

q>1

(t), ... , N

) } dt I : : ; : ,

10

n ,

, .0.
t

~ao

fi (t, Xl~-t, ... ,

n - 1 ) dt= Jfl [t, l (, ..... <n (] dt.

to

to
t

=x 0 +

Jfj(t,

~ao

~ao

1m - 1 , ... , n m -1 ) dt=

10

'.

= + f [t, <>1 (, ... , N (t) dt = (.

j

to

l' <>

(20),

(t)

(19)
Xj(to) = X10.

(19.),
to - h ::::;;: t::::;;: to

+h

(23)

t = to

(23)

. ( n

/0 s'

(19)

1 , 20 " n

(19)
t = to Xi(to) = /.

to - h .:::;;; t.:::;;; to

(26)

.0

! = / + fi

(t, 1 , 2 , .. n ) dt

to

n '; (26) (21~,

331
t

- = frfi(t,xlI ... , n ) - fi (t,x1 m-t, ... , n - 1 ] dt

t.

m = 1,2, ...

, h

., (),
t

I ; -

Xi 1 I

~ J{~ 1,-, '} I dl t-to I

t.

(26)

1=1

()

I , -

I ~/' It - to 12 ../

"'::::
2!

nKh2
2!

h h

I x-l<:'
,
,~

I t - t I + 1 ~M.;..&...'-':"'-(n)m + 1

+ 1)!

""

+ 1)1

.'

8 1 ) h .JI

-,1>

IXi-iml

, .
;

, =

q>i ( .

-.

(19) to-h<,t<,to+h,
Xio, (), (), () (d),
(23).

t-

LO

(19)

(t, 1

, 2 , , n )

()

to -

<, t <, to + ,

XiO -

<, <, Xi O

()

I ~ (t, 1 , , n ) I <, 2)

1{ ;

, 1 ,

n ) -

{; (t,

1 ,

n ) I <, {~ f X i -

Xi

I } ,

=1

1)

2)

.ll.l '

ji

().

332
%/ u

;' "

to- h

< t < to + ,

t = t o

(19)

(to) =

t = t'o,

/.

(),

) /, . fi / = <l (t, ' ,1 0, 2" , )

(19)

()

(t)

" ()

(19)

+ 1 ,

' , ~V:10, , ). ()

' .

(19)

(9)

Hate

t lS ,

:8

, .

(z:?) =

t = to

%;0.

, ( 1

( 1 )

+1

x,O-<'/ <;+,

to-h<.t<.to+h,

, ~ (
) ft , 2 , , )
() (), %/ t01 = to
h,
(to1, /, /" .. , 1 ) . h
%/ t 0 1 , . ,

( 2 )

't01

1 <. t

< t/ + 1 ,

(19)

/ - 1 <. /

< %/ + 1

to -

h <. t <.' to

+ ,

t 01

.-

< t < t + 1
01

, , ,
. .

to1 - h1 <: t

< t + 1
01

333

.

il

t,

.
" =

(27)

f (t, , ', ... , (n- 1

.8

dX
dX1
dX n- 2
-=Xl'-=X2""'~ = n - 1 ,
dt
dt
{ dt

(28)

dX n - t = f (t,
dt
, 1.' , n - 1

(28)
(28)

, l , , n - 1 ) ,

, h ,

, .

(19),

to

' = ,

'

, ,

(n-l)

n - 1

(27) , ,
(t, t o' " ' , n - 1 ) t = t o

' ' = ', , (n- 1 )

== (n- ).
1

dy
dt

--=

'

, '

f 1 (t, , ) =-= -

f 2 (t, , ) =

, .

-<<+,

-<'<+.

334

f1

ft

'

=_

f2

-'-

f2 =0

1.

= - ydf, =+ xdt

. h
t

X1

- yod! = -

yot ,

1 = + xodt = + .

, ,

' =
Y1dt

- (

+ xot) dt = -

! -

.-

2'

= + x

df=yo+ ( - Yoi)dt=Yo+Xof-; .

. , , h

't(.
'+ xot -

Y2dt=xo~

t 2 ) dt =

'-

t ) +Yo~l-2J
t )
= (t- t
3

t2

21

31

- yot - - +-,

335
h , h

= (

1-

~21+ ~I_'" )-(

t-

~!+ ~5!_ ... ),.

= (

t-

~'!+~!-''')+Yo(

1-

~2!+ :41 __ ''')'

t.

~ I<

II

'

=Xocos t - yosin t,

= sin t
11

t=

+ cos t ,

:s

' =- '

.rue

, ,

41 ..

JI.

d:

dx

= 11' , I .' . ' ),

dXz =

12

dt

(29)

t,

[ ; 1 , 2 , .. , ).

: Uili

dxn =
dt

, 1 , 2 , ),

(29)

Kal~a

1 , 2 .... ,

1 , .

<l (t, l' 2 , , ) = 1

(30)

(29);

/ (29) ' (30),

. It.ll.

(30')

(31)

_ d q>1 = <l
dt
t
(29),
d <l =
dt

(31)

(30)

t,

h-

+ <l dX1 +... + <l =

1

<l
t

dt

dt

+ ~_<Pl [1 + ... + q>1 f

1

n = .
,

(30),

..

, uiliU1(U

(29),

'~ :s(30)

1 , ! <l
,; ..

, )

(31),011.11.1

(t,

1,

(29), 8 s (30')

(30).

336

(30)

(31)

fl

' (29).

<!, Tj~

(32)

(32)

(29);

h 21

d = d<P1 =0,
<1

dt
,

(31),

ll

dt

(29)

(29).

XfJ

- 1
(29), - 1 -]
1 2 , , n_1' ' h
1)
<1 (t, , .. , n) = 1 ,

<2

(29)

(t, 1 ,

n)= 2 ,

- 2

- 2

. . . . . . . . ..

(33)

. .,

<pn(t, 2 , , n) = ,

1)
2)

fl

8. 2 )

(29)

'1 '2 .
. ,

('! '2"' 'n) "'"

(29).

337
.

D (1' 2' , ) =1= ,

D (1 , 2 , , n)

, ,

(33)

1 = '1'1 (t, 1 , 2 ,

) ,

2 = '1'2 (t, (2 , ... , ),

,,

..

'\

N = 'n

(t, 1 , 2 ,

(29)

1 , 2 , , .
.

(29)

dX

dX 2

1
------,-=--{1

(t; 1

n)

, ,

{2

(t, 1 ,

n)

dt

= ... = - - - - - - {n (t, 1

, ,

n)

(t, 1 !

,lI ) ,

uwu

(33')
1

dX1
dX 2
= ... =
dx n
_
(t, 1 , , n )
2 (1, 1 , ,n)
,. (t, 1 , , n )
dt

.l\

wao

t, 1 , 2 ,

. ,
1
2
2
-, ... ,
-=
- -1 , - =

dX

n + 1

dt

dX

n + 1

dt

dXn
n
-=-dt
n + 1,

, n + 1

t O , 1

n ; 1).

'- ~

(33')

t o , 1 , , n
. (33') ,

. ,
1) . utt., u, 1

(H~ 22)

22

338
1

(t o' 1 ,

n) = 2

(to , 1 ,

") = ... = "+1 (t o, 10 , , n) =

(33'); . 1 )

() fli

(33")

(t, 1 , 2 ,

n) = 1

' _";.. (331.

. h

1 dt + '1 dX1 + ... + q>1 dxn = ,

1

(33"')

(33")

\t 8

(33'),

(33').

1 + 1 + 1 ! + ;.. + .! =0.

(33"')

(33')

n.

(33")

(33"')

fli

',

il, ilPBU U'

h 115 .

1.

(33').

dy=x.

(34)

dt

2 r 2, h

d't

2 - =
dt

2 ,

dy

2- = 2

dt

dx
dt

dy

2 --2-=0.

dt

(35)
.

2 = 1 2 +2

(3(), h

d;= 2 + 1'
1) . h, u, 1. -

(!23)

339
, ,

y+Vy2+ 1 2 =
,

C2 et

(35).

(36)

n
=

D1

20

1t

D2

D 1 et

+ D e2

= D 1 et -

(35)

(36)

(34)

t ,

D 2 e- t

1 ).

dx
= -- , - = - - ,

(36')

dt

dy
dt

dx =dy =~.

(36")

dx
dy
-=

ilp8U

um

(36")

()

dx-dy
=-~

dt

dx - dy =:.;:. dt,

+ 2

. ,

- - t = 2
() () .n .()

(36~

1)

t+ 2 + 1
1
t+ 2
= -2- 2(f+C2 ) ' = 2(t+C2 ) - 2 '

(34) 8-

340
lb .

10.

dx
dt

'

dy
dt

-=zx

=yz,

dz
dt

-=

'

,.2
-'

= 1,

2 -

ZZ -- 2 ,:

dx _
dt -

<

)(
1

2'

dx
- t
(2 _ 1 ) (2 _, 2 ) -

if.
. Z tJ

20,

t.

(37)

x+Y+Z=C1'

(38) .

+ 2 + Z2 =

2 1)

y+z=C1 -,
2

Z2 =

2 ,

y-Z=Y2 2 -

1 2+2 1 -

!;

;r.8 h

d'(

- , = :.2
,

+ 2 1 -

; 2

1) h

+ y~ + Z% =

+ yz.+ zX= 2[( + + Z)%-(%2 + 2- Z2)).

341

2 '

1,

' '

z,

. h

(38),
(37).

30.

dx _
dy
=~_
x(y-:-z) y.(z-x) z(x-y)

(39)

, .

----- dx+dy+dz

-~-------

"x(y-z)+y (z-x) +z(x-y)

dx+dy+dz = - ,dx- - =

(y-z)

-~

--"-- = - - - .
y(z--~)

z(x--y)

'--------..

dx+dy+dz=O
i ;q .!:

()

(40)

dx
(y--z)

dy
(z--x)

---=-----,
h

(l --2--)

dx--x (x+2y--C1 )dy=0

xy(C1 ----) = 2
,

(40),

()

(39).

(39). () ()

342

40,

dx

-=-(+),

dt

d'

-~=y(x+y)
dt

dy

-=--,

dx

8n

dx--- --- --

-+ Il +1 =,

dt

50,

Jl

~XW-,.2),

dV=';'~(r'f-z-r,
d

~'.

n I;! '.

dy

dx

--az
-=z(x2 +y2),

.~

~, -

dz

dt +Ytit+ z dt =0,
OAaK,IIe

"

dy ==(2_1 )
dt

60,

'

dz =Z(C1 - Z2),
dt

dy = 2 +'

dx

dt =y-z,

dt

'

dx
dy dz
-----+-=0
dt
dt
dt
.
n

+C et ,
+et (2C,C t+ >+. 2!
= 1

= - C1 2

z=C1 -+,

343

7.

dx

dt = (2 - Z2),

80.

+ 2 + Z2 = 1

xYZ = 2

(t

(41)

2+ 1) dx =

_ tx

dt

2 + 1) dy =

+ ,

- - [

dt

. Ii

+ 1) xdx + (t2+ 1) ydy =

( 2

+2) tdt,

()

'

l<'f' '

ydx-xdy
2

dt

=-12+1

+2

RJl

~arc t g - ~

arc tgt=arctg 2'

x~

1+~t

=2 ,

()

() ()

t+C\I
t2

1-

f2

+1
C2 t

+1

11

(41)

D\t+D 2

V 1 + C2~ = t2 +1

11 .
1

. _

+ 22

'

D I -D 2 t .
+

344
,~2. .

u~

,',I uu 8

(42)

. ~

........... ... ...

alk

a;k

.,

(42) ' [;, .

(42) .
(42) [;
(i = 1,2, .. , ), .
(42)

==

(43)

..

...

..

. . . . . . . . . . .,

.
h
_~

(42).

(.N!! 40),

, fi:

(42),

(.N!! 39),

+ h)

ajk

[ 2 )

1) n n
n

(42).

Z) i(II Qik " n , to + ) n

: f/( .

I Qik I ...-; , I ji I

::S;;

345
l1. /, "Jl

t = to

(.N!! 40) .

(to) =

Lipschitz-OB

"

I[ L
-

a;k

Xk -

[ + L

k=l

ajk Xk

I< {L

k=l

I Xk -

Xk

I},

k=l

I a.k I

<,

(t o, t o h)
40.

/.

tJnx

-+1
dt n

n ..

dn - 1 x
+ ... +anX=f(t)
dt n- 1 "

" &

~: - 1 = ,

d:; - ;! = , ... ,

d-2
---=--

dt

Xn--1

= ,

dXn~+a1Xn_1 + 2 --:! + ... + = [().

dt

43. . - "
(43), --'k t (, ).
"

'

(43),

11 , 211 ' l

.
11
dX-

dt

11

+ 12 21 + ...+ 1 1 =

+" 21 1 + 22 21 + ... + 2 1" = ,

. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ,

21
dx-

dt

1 11 , 1 1'

1 1 nll

(43),

"
X1~' 21 ' ' 1 12' 22 "" , I .
n n8 (43); . n 8 ,
1 .

1 .,11

+ 2 12 '

1 21

+ 2

, ,

1 1

+ , !

"

n (43), 1 ! .

, 21 , , n1 ( . )

12 , 22 , 'n2 (

. .. .

"

.... . ..

1n , 2n , , nn (-

Jl

(44)

1 11

(43),

+ 2 12 + ... + 1n

+ 2 22 + ... + X
.,
1 n1 + 2 n2 + ... + nn

2 = 1 21
N =

),

'"

"

"

),

"

"

21t

1 , 2 ,

(43),

. 1)

(44)

1 , ,
1 , 2 , , n,

t = to ,

... ,

(43),

, f'

x~ =1 X~l

(44)

+ 2 ?2 + ... + ?n'

xg= 1 X~1+C2'~2+' ','+ X~n'

X~k

t= t o ,

. X~k =

'

Xik

C1

(t o). ,
2 , , ,

Ll(to)

11

?2

X~n

X~l

xg2

X~2

x~n

1)

t=t o

=1=0

(44)

(, ).

(43).

347

(43),

(t)

(45)

.1 (t)

(44)

\l
Xik ,

==

(43).

8l
,)

1,2, ...

(, ).

(, ),

. Xik u"

(.N'!! 14).

, .

+ 2 12 + ... + " 1 " = ,

1 21 -t- 2 22 + ... + 2n = ,
. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ,
1 n2 + 2 n2 + .. '.+ nn = ,
1 l1

(46)

. (45) t=to
(, ). ,

Ci

jtp

&

(45),

t = to

.1 (t)

(, ).

(46) , Ci
.(t)

t = to

(, )

(.N'!! 14}.

(47)

(t) =

.... . . . . .

Xik

h (i =

(43), 8
1,2, .. ) (43).

348

(48)

(47)

t,

; (.N'!!l)

dX 11 dX , 'l
dt
dt

d I!.( --=
dt

dx,n

2 1

22

Xsn

. 1

'88

(43)

dX 11 dX 22
dt
dt

+
I

%111

%118.

d'4,n
dt

.... .

...

'

%8

dXnt . dX n8
dXnn
dt
dt at'

. dX 1k , ---,
dX2k .. , -dXnk (k
~
~
1t

\.

"'1. ...

"'11

-'dt

.
= 1, 2, .... ,-)
.
.

&. (48), 8

dl!.(t)

--= -

dt

Q8t+ )

(48)

.
d'(l),l)

OAaKJle

dl!.(t)
I!. (t) . =

..

+ ll+'.' + ) dt

1) . . ! ci 'l (48)

tIs.

dXtt

dtn

--:;. ddI

O)t

(43)..

1'11 x~ 1'I
-l1

%21 .. . .

.........
l Xn

-12

Oc-l:,

121 .
121 %2 1in

. .. ..
-

..........

'.8

1.

1'111 na .. 1'

~-u(t)

'l

110

'

349
d (t) = d (to)

d (to)

'

f (l1+ 22+

....

to

+,nn) ,

(: ify,

d (t) =1= ()

(, ).

(.N'!! 16),

, h ,
1l, .

dx/

---;Ji + l 1 + 2 2 +. . + n =

(48'.)

(i =1,2, , ),

(49)
!

:Xlk

,(i, k = 1,2, ,)

(50)

dXI = dX/ 1
1 dt
dt

+- dX/dt + + . dx/n
.
dt
1

(49) '(50)
(i = 1,2, ,),

/, h

dx/ d Xil dX/2 dx/n

dt dt dt
dt
1

l1

12 .

':!l

2 2 "

l:l n

-=

(51)

.. ... . .
N

n1

n2 nn

(51')

dXI
dt

. .
'.
+ 1 + 2 2 + +tnn ==0,
(i, =1, 2,~. , ),

1 = l, 2

ai2'

(48')

(51'),

/ = /,

(48') 1),

r .

(51), I 8 ' (48').

1) (51) %/ - %/k.

350
.

"

= cos .t,

sin t,

,-

= sin t,.
Y2=COS

t.

{. = 1 1

(52)

= 1 l

(51)

+ C~X2 =1 cos.t + 2 sin t,

+ 22 =..,- 1 S10 t+ cos t.

dx
dt

-si

cos t

t cost

.-

si

=0,

sin t

t cos t

dy
t-s1
t
--cos

dt

~sin

=0.

sin t

cos t

t cost

, ~h

dx'

dt - = ,

dy
dt

+ =

(52).

l = -

et ,

Ya~ .

e-t

dx

. dy .

-+
=, --+ =.
dt
dt
.

, h

jl (43), .q

1) %1""'%, %2 "'" ,

"

xu -%1'

X2t

351

dy
'+ 21 + 22 + 28 z =
dt

(53)

aik

= 1 ,

(54)
,

(54)

t.

1 , 1 %1

(53).

=1+'

Z=Z1X+Z,

dOBe

t.

dx _ dX
dX 1
dt - 1 dt -dt'

= ~~ +::-+ ~~,
~~= Z1 dX + .'!.Z1 + dZ .

(55)

dt

1 ' 1

(53)

(54)

Z1

dt

(55)

dt

dt

(.'53)

(53),

dX
dt

1 -+12 + 1 Z=,

dY
dt

dX
dt

-+1-+I2

Y+a28 Z=O,

dX
'
-dZ
+
Z l - + 82 + 8 Z= .
dt
dt
,

dX
dt

l1

(53)

+ 2 ,

() ~

= 1

Z.

uu

'

= 1

+ 2 ,

z,'

Z1

+ %2 +Z,

35~

(5~)

(56)

dX,
dt

dY
dt

(57)
, 1 !

t.

dX
dt

(51)

dY
dt

ll

(56),

dZ

'

-+Z=,

, dt

:~ t, . ~

Z,

r.

'b~o 't n

(43).

44.

(58)

353
aik

dYt
dt
dY2

= -

Q"l1

t.

... -

"l "

-t-=-I2t-22- ... -n2'''

(59)

0 llzo
,

(59)

(58).

(58)

(59)

(58),

; , '
,
ajk

(58).1)

ll , h

,' ~, .

(58)

l"ll

CllCi11eM

(59).

j~ lli11ll i

(59) UiIiU
(58) . , , ,1' ... 'n1
(59),

Ullu

(58)

(60)

~ ; 1 = 1 1l
i

1)

+ 2 21 + ... + ,; n1

lipBll UlliIi (58);

..

(58)

I2 n

()

.. 1:

022'"

2 "

(59) h
011

021 -

n!

' - 12

022 -

n2

{)

.. " 3 , '

..

l1O,8

1l

< 1II .l.h .

23

, 354
. , , ." (58) 1:1 (59),

(60)

'r,.

t
,

~ X'I YiJ +~ ; Y'il = ~YjJ (Q;J I +ai. 2 .:+ ... + ;n n) ~

;=1

';:1

/=1

'

~ ~ ( 1 ; l; + 2 + ...

+ n Yni) == ,

/=1

'

. .

8
, 8

llh

(59),

(59)

pe.lla-

(60) . (58).

'

,
,

dx
;'dt ==,

(61)

dy
dt =

du

-=-v

(62)

dt

dv
'dt

(61)

Xt, =',

2 :

(60),

-=-.

, 8

Yi =

e-t,

',
-e-f;~)

v.

. '

'
=_1 e- t

.
+_
e'=Ae-,'+'
2
"
2

.'t = e-t - '

, -e-t--'-e
2
. 2
','

V=

, .
!) ~.ll
-D1et

+ D2e-t ,

- D1et -

Dr'.

(62)

355

45.

. .
-dxn'+ 1 l
dt

a'k

f,

.. ........
+ + +
= .~
2 !!

t,

'!,

()

'1 = +1'

!!=!!+2""'= +,

, ,

(63')

dYi
dt

{63);

(63)

+;1" +;22 + ... + ; =

0,1)

= 1,

2, .. ,

)
'

d~, + ;1 1 +;2 2 + ... +a;nXn=f

,

,"

j ,

= 1, 2,. ,),

I(

(63).

,. , ilu

(63),

ti.
, .

1 ;1

+ 2 ;2' + "

(63) .

(64)

1 1

(63)
"

== );

(63)

+ 2 12 + ... + + Xi~,

+ 2 22 + . , . + 2 + . ,
. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ,
= 1 1 +
2 + ... + (' + .
2

1 21

(.2

1) (63) cs, r ". ](1 ;

56

(63) . "

(63) 'F
.
. " (64)

t = to

(t o) = 1 , X~ (to) =- 2 ,

","

(t o) =

h :

(63)

, ; ilm m (63)t1
. , , il , " ilili uu
(63).
.
3 ~ n Lgrg-i
.

+ 2 12 +'... + 1 ,
+ 22'+ ... + 2 ~
. . . . . .. . . . . .,
- 1 1 + 2 X~2 + ... + . ,
1 = 1 ll
2 =.1 21

(65)

"

u "'
Xlk

(i, k = 1, 2, ... ,

, ,

(63)

(ft
), .
(63)'

; . 1 ,
..

t, .(65) "::>
t (63). 1 , 2 ,
n . (65)

(66)

+ d%i2
+ ... + dXin
+
dt
dt
dC +
dC2 +
+"..-'
dCn
+ I1 2-

dXi 'dX il
dt
1 dt

dt

dt

=1,2,

dt

... ,n)

" I

dx; . '(65) (66) u (63)

dt
"
h . %ik Jl (63)
, (63)

+ X12dC2
+ .;.+ 1 ~Cn
= f
dt
dt
dC1
+'2 dCn - f.
21 -+
22 dC +

%1: dC1
dt
(67)

d t dt

1 dC

dt

"

<'

---

dt

2'

n = f n
+ . dt2 + ... + . dC
dt

357

il

dC 2 ... ,
_._,
dt

dCn
dt

(67) h
1
dC
')
-=
11 (t.
dt

t , ... = 1 (t)

d
dt

2
'\ ( )
-=1102

dt

'1 = )..1 (t) dt + D! =}11 (t)

2

12 (t) dt

+1.
D

+ D;l=}:i.2 (t) + D

2,

= 1 (t) dt + Dn =}1 (t) + DI'I'

D 1 D z D n ~ . ,
1 2 ; . , (65), h
1 =D1 l1 +D2 x 12

+ ... + D

1 + l'

(68)

= l}11 + 2}12 + ... + }1"

(68)

,= 1.'2, ... ).

(63).

.
"

dx

--=

(69) .

dt

'

dy -x=e t
dt

~ . ,

(70)

= 1 !

+ 2 2 =

= 1 l

+ 2 2.,= l

l !

+ C e-

! -

t,

2 -'.

358
q

(67)

~8

+ -! dC

' dC1

dt

=0

dt'

(70),

D1

D"

. 1 .2 8

tte

(69)

t t '
D 1 et
D 2 e- t
e- . 2 4

+-

= D1 ' - D e-t
2

t . .
+ -2
' + .,.-.
4
(

. . .

1.

dx
--y=cost
dt
'

dt+X=J.

Jt

= D i COS t

=
20.

-- D1

+D

si t

si. t. + D2 cos t -

+ 2't cos t + 1 ,
.!...... sin t -

.2 cos t. .

ll

dx
- dy
dt - = , dt - =

et

- !

= et

== C1 et -

2 e-:t

e-t

+. -2t e

t -

e~t
2
'

+ e ( 2t - 2'1 ) + -! (it2' +2'1 ) .

t

359

46.

+ 11 1 + 12 2 + ... + 1 = ,
-.d~- + 21 1 + 22 2 + . .. +2 = ,
dX1
dt

~71)

dt

~e

a,k

+ 2 12 + ... + 1
1 2 1 + 2 22 + ... + .

1 1

X1 =

2 =

Ci

Xik

{N!! 43).
t' Xik. . 1 )
1 =

, ,

(72)

".

Aerf ,

(72)

= Berf , , = Ke rt ,

, ~

(71).

(72)

dX 1

(73).

2
r ',. . 'dx
-.~

3'8 ..
h

rf.,

(72)

(73)

n
rr ! , ... , -dx
= r !
~

(71),

'

+) + 12 + ... + 1
+ ... + asn
21 + 22 +
. . . . . . . . - . .
(11

(74)

h ,

= ,

= ,.

+ 2 + ... + ( + ) =

, " ... ,1( . (74)

1)

(71)

..{ - .

l~

(1<12 38).

360
tt

ri

, ,

... , /{1).

!" ,
. , .

. +
a Z1 .
()

(75)

12

!n

+ r . ..
. . . .. . . .
22

2n

=0.

.'.

f OH1I Il It-r
, .

mUll ;llUll

(75)

KapaKmepu-

(71).

h :

1.

Ji

suumu. -

A k , Bk

1 , 2 , '
. (74)

'k
Kk

, ,

ll

fk

'

(76)

X1k

(76),

A k k l ,

X1!l

= Bke r kt , . , Xnk

t74)

~,eT k t

h KapaKT~p"

(71).

(75)

(75),

h .. , &

(71)

er

... + Ck'AkeTkt+ + AneTn t ,

1 A 1

Xz

1 1 er 1 !

+ ... + C

n = 1 1 ert'

+... + C

l,

" k t

k Kkerk l

+ ... + n 6

n !

+ ... + KneTnt ,

Ck - , ' k I(

(75), 41(' Bk

Kk
. dx

, :

~opeHY

rk~

t-y=O,

(77)

(74),

dy
dz
dl -z=U, dt -=.

= ',

dx = ' dy
dt .
'dt

',

- z = D '.

!,

dz
dt

rDe r".

-=,

(78)

tB-D=,

A~rD=O.

1) , , . &' 1:w

'"" 1.

6"

r .

361
,

, t ll , Tj~

l'

-1

-1

0-,

, - - -'21- -iV-2'

iV

'1=1, '2=-2+2'

'1 =

8--

h ,
-=,

B-D=O,

(78)

A-D=O

= 1,1)

1 =

1 =

Z1

,2
=_~+iV
21
...

1
iV)
( -~+-2-

-8=0,

(_.!+iV) _
1

D=

'

ijfJ)'
1
- ( --2 + =0
, , , =

1,

1 +iV
--2"
'

1
iV"
D=- ----2
2

21ti

= 1,

= -- ,

1) .,!'
, , tf .

362
h5t (:

t
t;'/3
--+--,

2 =

t 1(-2-+-
t1/3
2'11:)'
-2+
'

',

2=

_...! _
2
z2=e

'/."3 _ 2'11:)

,( t

1
iV;J
,8=----2
2
h ,

(-;

j~ )-8=0,

.B(~; _ i~3 )--~=O,

A-D(-.!.j~)=o
2.
2
() , ,

,
2'11:i
1
iV
"-
A=l, 8=-----=
2
l
'

(,/3

,=- 2 --2-

'.

"t

.(

-2-1

t\v

2'11:)

-:.!-+

I1 ~

(77)

= 1 1

+ 2 2 +

= 1

+ 2 2 +8

z=

1 Zl

2'!(f

D=-+-==

()h
t

iV

+ !! +
Z2

Za

363
'.

t i v

ti '3

x=Ct et +C2 e -2"+-2-+ -2'--2-,.

= 1 et
Z

_1. + i

+ ~2

(t '/3 + 2'11:)

2.

. _.!.. _ i

+ e : l

l!J

3 + 2'11:)

3,

1 et + 2 - ~ + i ( t ~: - 2;) + :- ~ - i ( .!..~! - 2;) ,

' :l' 2 .

ul- '

= 1 et + -"2( Mcos t~3 +Nsin ~3),

.

= 1 ' +

-2"[ MCOS(!r+ 2~)+ NSin(!~~ + 2;) ,

Z= C e +e -"2 [MCOS(~~ _2;)+NSin(t1? -~~)J.

1

'F 1 ,

2.

(71.)

'1 = '2 = ... ='

SUUiiiU
(7

. p 1 (t)

uiiiu

(75)

t .

llli1uu

Uiii u

= er,t l (t). 2 = er,t 2 (t) .. = er,t (t) ,

, 2 (t) .. , (t) llUU u -

1.

lii

iii.

AKq

-1,

, h

-(75)

(71
,

Zj!

'1 =1= ,

'1 =

l).

(75),

,=

q>('+'=,
. 2 )

1) 3 = 1 r .
2) ='1 () = ( - 't)p I () ,
= +'I' q> (
1 )
'1 ( + ;'1) . = q> ( +1 ) = .

+ =

364
(72), ~
1 = ,. 2 =

n=-=,

... '

,=1 "":"0
(751 , , .. , t! (74) ='1 = O~
. , ,

. .. ,

rIJl

(71), ~

' . u ;

==,

(74)

8,.;., k.

= .

= .

(79')

+I , '.. ,
.

= l +1n ,

(71~

dVt

._.
dt

+ 2
I

+ ...

+ ,n n=,
.

~2+ 2I1 +'" t

(80)'

d.Yn +
dt.

A2'1Yn=,,0,

. . ..

An2 II +. +'
. =

1)

11

-= 12 ,

, . ' 1n

22 = l2 -11'"

1n , .-

2n

.,

...... . .. .
i{

(81)

'1 (,) .~ . . . . . ., .

rp

n2-/{ln

n.... 1n ,

....
(80)

,.

,8

..2

21 - ,2 +

,'1

- 28 - 18
-

atn '-Ba 1n

a na -Ra18

. . .

==0 .

... ann-Kain+r

! 'l 8 (75)
i-Te =2, 3, ... , ).:8

()==.

i) JeA.fI8omHe (80)

' , 8

11 "'" 1 . == .

.-

365

... , ,

Id

12

q>1(r) =

22 +,

n2

...
...

2n

...

n,,+'

atn
=0.

,
,

... ,

...

ail

ai2

, hq>1 =

(75),

ll

(81).

-t .. : + Pin /{ =

(80)

'2

q> (,) =

(80).

, ' ..

1{ -:-

(81')

1)

II - 2
u 1'

it

1l-1

,,

(80)

+ , 2

2n

(,) =
nn+'

(81) Jl ,
(81') ' ,=0 -l, (81) ,
. ,= .
.
lt
C:l.

(80)

'l

-.1

'1 =

-1,

ltl<

I<

(82)

= Q2 (t).

Q (t) , .. ,

= Qn (t),

Q2(t), Q (t), ... ,Qn ) - 2,

p-~ 8. h

2' '

..

(82)

(80),

= 1 - 12 Q'l. (t) dt 1)

1,

... ,

(74) 38

- .

Jl.

... -

1 " Q" (t) dt.

IIl1. t

(71),

366

(84')

== ,Aert ,

dx
.
- = ,AeTt ,
.
dt

(85)

(84)

Bert , z=Dert ,

dy
= ,Bert
'
dt

dZ=rDer t _.
dt
'

(,+I) -=,(,+ 1)-:-4D=0, --D (+4) =Ot.

-1

,+1

,+1

-:.....,.+6f8+9,=,(,+~)2=0,

-(,+4)

'1 =0; '8='11= -3.

367
'1 = h
.-=,
., h

B=4D, A=4D

D = 1,

4,

4,

D (85)

(84),

(84'),

(86)

n

'1 = '2= -

= -! ( 1

z=- /

, ;

D1

, ,

A~t),

+ ).

.;t i ( 1

(D 1 +D,

(48),

h ,

h - 1 ,

-2 1 +2 -1 -(2 2

2 1

- 1

+ 2

4 D1

+B2 )t=0,

(22

+ 4D

2)

t =0,

+D 1 +D 2 -(A 2 -D 2 ) (=0,

"

-2 1 +)12-1 =0,

2 2 +2

-21 +2 -

282+4 D 2 =0,

4D 1 =

A1+DJ+D~=0,

= ,

A2 -D2 =0.

~=D2= 2 ,

D2 =

2 .

-2A2=-2D~=-2Cs,

82 .

((.

3h

,D1 =

, h

1 =2 + ,

1 =- -2

1 + )

2 =2 ,

D1 =

1
,

= -

2 ~

D2.= ,

2 ,

2 = -22

368

(87)

(86)

= 2 (t

+ 1)' + -

=- -2

(2t+ 1) - 31 - 2 ~8e-81,

-81

z=-= C2 te-31

+ 8 - 81

(87)

1 ,

(84) '

+ 2 (t +1) e-;-at + ~ 4 1
, (2t + 1) 2 2 = 1 + C"te- + e=

4 1

81 -

SI

l .

8t

(' 1 ," ",. .

)( .

10

dx
-+5
dt

dy
dt

" " ."

~ 3=0, --+1.5-7.=

= l (1

" =

() :

cos 3 t + ,! sin 3 t),

[(2 1

+ 2) cos 3 t + (2 .-!) sln 3 t].

dx
~"
dz
dt - . - z = , dt - z -- = , dt - - = ,
= 1 21

= 1 21
%

+ -'
+ c''1e(I! + ) e--ct;
"

t,

== 1 21 -

dxdy"
dz
--+z= ----= - --%='
dt
. ' dt
' dt
'

x=C1 el +C.,

40

369

dx
dx dE
1 dx
dt = dE dt=
de

log t J

dy
dy de
1 dy
dt = { di -=
dt'

y=-C1 t+
dx _ cos t
dt

dx -av=
dt
.

dy - -s1t :::z ,
dt

=1slt

. 6'

2 ,

=
dy
dt

t+C2'

+='

= 1 tosat + 2 at
= - 1 sin at + 1 at.

dx
dt,+7X- =_

dy
df +2+5-;

+ 2 sin t)J
= e-6t [(1 + 2) t + (2
) sin t].

-61 (1

80

ls

dx _ dy
dt
dt

AlI:o

+Z=

dy _ dz
dt
dt

+ =

dz _
dt
dt

= . '.

l h n

z-f+= n

(1)

z -dz
dt

z=-x-;-'J

dx
dt

+. 2 dvdt + =

dx _ dy _ _ =
dt
dt

24

370
~'

Jl

(72)

1 + 2

=-

cos

'

tV

3"" + 2

= 1 cos

t {

+'.1 v32-

s1

S1 -3-'

Z Jl8 () ..

47.
-

(88)

.. . ... ... .. .... .... ... . . .

,.

.,

Qlk . .
'

11 1

+ ... + 1 =

1 ;; ,

]
'=1

(89)

21 1

'

+ ... + 2 =_] ~ ',

=l

1 1

+ .. . + =

~ ,
m=

aik

. . . . .. . . . . *0.

71

(89)

dY2
&

= 21 dX 1

+ ... + 2

dx n = ~ 2m dXm
. ~
~
~

m=1

m=1
,

(88),

~1
(90)

~2

11 ~ 1 /{ ) + ... + 1 ~ /, /{) ,

21

1=1

1=1

1 /{ /{) + ... + 2 ~ /{ ) ,
(

( ]

k=1

1=1

. . . ,

~" .=1 ( ~ l/{ )+ ... + (~).

1=1

k=1

i ,

(89),

(~8')
,

(90)

(89),

(~alkIXk)+ ... +aln(~ankXk)=rl ~ 1 ';

(91)

1=1

k=l

m=l

21 (~alK ) + ... + <1:! (~nKXK) = ~2 ~ a tm -,

1=1

1=1

m=1

1 (~lK )+ ... + ( ~ kk)=.~ .

1=1

1=1

m=1

(88)

372
IIh ;

, h

'

~ ll<.1)

n2

, .
11 -

1121

(93)

12

1;

1n

22 -

2n

=0.

- '.
n1

_nn-

n2

~ kmumu

'1' '2' .' .. , n

li (88'),

(93).

(91),

(88)

h :

1. '1' ..'_' ' (93), ..

uuu.

(88)

(89)

ajk

2.

JI

'1 = '2 = .. _=

(88'),

(92).

(93) umu ,

' . ,

, a;k

(89)

(94)

dyp
- = }1-1 +1 '

dt

' = '

(93)

1). h ; (91) h

(92)

. .
1n

+ 1! :\n '+ ... + 1nnn ;"'n'1'

h k %1

(91).

'

373
=fi

(94),

dYi

(95)

-=;.

dt

(88')

[ ]

'"

(94)

(95)

'

(88).

(88),

(93) , h

(89),

-='

dt

1 2

(93),
a7~

d
-=2
dt
1

(89),

dYa
- =2
dt

1 '

(88) (89)

a!k'

.
.1)

- .

48.

dx
dt

-- =

'!

dy

+ +cz ,

t!!. = 1 + 1 + 1 z,
dt

(96)

1)

lJ:/i,

. + 1

u. IlUll,

-- = .
,
dx ozx+bzy

1.

23).

dx
- - OzX+bzy,
de

dy
- ~ 01 + 1 .
dt,

t .

374
, , , 1

. 1).

1 , 1

2 '2

., .

8,

(.N!l 4(?).

(96)

'\

ydz - zdy, zdx - xdz, xdy - ydx

; h

+ +cz) (ydz - zdy) ~

+ (1 + 1 + 1 z) (zdx - xdz) +
+(2 +2 + 2 z) (",dy- ydx) =
tax

(97)

, ,

z.

~=X,.

L= ,
z

x=Xz, y=Yz';

(97)

Z8, 1,'

- (+ +c)~Y +( 1 + 1 + !) dX +
(98)
+(2 + 2

Y+c2 )(Xd

. - .D,

YdX)=O,

[. ,

, (.N!l 9)]. (96) -

. - (98)
'

(96)

49. -

~1 + a1~ "'1 + 12 2 + ... + 1 =

(99)

+ 2 1 1.-+ "'2 + ... + 2 "' = [2 (!) ,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
dX 1

022

dt

dx n + ! %1 + I 2 + ....
dt-

Qlk

I1 (l

(99)
1)

[1 (t) ,

(.N'!l 45),

iJ

t.

. ~, uU ll..u

[ (t) ,

1 (14'2 9).

Lgrg-

375
' 8, SJl

h 8

(99) [fj (t)

= ]

(99) [fj (t) =0].

'

"40 Jld,

~ [

(99) 8
(t) h 8 SJl.

. -

C~CTeM ss
dx

--4-=

dt

- 36t
'

(100)
dy

.-+2-

dt

= -

2!.

() Jl

t- 4x - y =0,

+2-=0

dy

di
{,Jl (!!

4:6)

= 1 2 ! + 2 '
= - 2 1 e2t - 2 3 !

Lgrg- MeTo~e
Jl

= 1

e2t +

+ 10 + 3e

dx

+ 5 + =

dt

- (
1

= -- [1

1)

e8t + 6t - 1 - et ,

- 21 21 - 2 31 + 12t

=
.

(N245),

cQcTeMa (100)

dy -

'dt

+ 3" = 21

'

+ t)+~el
__1_ 21
25
36'
2

1
7
+ 2 (1 + t)] + -!
+
25
.36

21

-4
r 2 +1

(Z-l)t=

376
= ' (1

+ C t) + - ~ ~ ~,I
2

l'
"
= - "2
' [1 + 2

23,

() -

"21 -' [ + 4 (t+l)] + 18,.

-:-1)] -

dx
'
t--x-3y=t
dt

30

d2x +!! _ 2 = 2!
dt 2

dt

/
dt

.'

+ 2 !!
.

dt

_ 3

= .
'

t (
t 23
t 23
= 1 t + 2" 2 cos -2,~
+ 510. -)
+ _41 2,,.
\

- (7

- .
23)
SlO

t 23 ]
2

-- -

'.
{
-+5- 211="

dt

= 2 - 4!
1

dy
dt

~,

1" -

- 7!

2.

. '1.2

= 1,

'"

=-

2, .

- + 6=2'.
'

1
7
+ "~e!
+40
54,

e 2t

(~2

8"

+ ~e!
+2
1 - 2!
40
7'

dy

dt

+ 2 =

2t;

1. 3' &

46)

:1.

= - ! (' + ' ,

= - !

(/

+ / t).

n (~45).

1)

5=

log

377

-1+Vi3

t+Ce

1-

)'13

4
3

y=-(-+V13)1
2

-1+)'13- t

--(+V13)2
2

t dy _ 2 -

dx
dt

t-+2-t=>,

-1-"\'13 t
2

+-t---

+) + t = ;

t (

dt

dx _1'_ 2 = 3t
dt
'

7
9

t __ t __

dy
dt

--2=4;

= 1 cos 2t - 2 sin 2t - ~ ,
4

= '! sin 2t + 2 cos 2t + ~ t.

2

90

dx
dt
dx
dt

+ dtdy + 2 + =

2! + '.

+ dy _ + =

- !

- 2

1.
'

dt

= 1 - "5 t
2

t2 d x

dt2

t 2 d 2 y_
dt 2

2!

-.:..

-!

+ t -+- 1,

+ 175 t + 7"3 t 2

49 .

dy + + = t+ 1,
+t dt

+ t dx

_ _ =

t - 1

dt

w , h

t(d2 X -1- d2 Y )
dt 2 'dt 2

+ (dX + dY )=
dt

dt

1-- = 1 log t

+ 2

, h .
dt
d 2x
t2 - 2
dt

dx /

t dt

+ 1 + 1 log t + 2 = t + 1;

378

~h ~: = , ~ ~ :
,

du
','
, 2 dt -: tu

+ 1 + 1 log t + 2 = t + 1.
dx
=
dt

'

(t) - yW' (1),

,

'1" ) + ' (t) .

dy =
dt

dy
dx
- - - = ( 2
dt
dt

+ 2) '1" ) '

Jl

"

= tg

['1' (t)

+ 1 ]

, h

~x= xrp' (t) - '1"

dt

(t) tg ['1' (t)

+ 1 ]

log = rp (

+ log cos ['1' (t) + 1) + log 2

q>

, , "

(t)

rp (t)

, = C~e

cos ['1' (1)

.

S1 f'1' (t)

dx

-=
dt
(-)2 '

+C

1 ],

+ 1 .

'dy
.
-=
dt
(_)2

1 dx
1 dy
- - = - - xdx=ydy
. ,dt
dt
.
-

()

- 2 = 1 ( +') ( - ) = 1

379
3 ~ ()

dx+dy = + = (+)3
dt dt (- )2
1 2

d(x+y)

dt

(+)3

1 2

1
2 (+)2 =

12 + 2

()

() () .

130

. -dtdy - -dtdz +

()

1{t5

3=

dz
dx
dt - dt

+ v3 =

dx

dy

'dt - dt

1(')

l- _
Z t

'

sl t,
.

3 - s t.

h , h ,

x+y+z= Vsi t

()

h ,

dY+~~ =

dt

2 dx
dt

dt

+ (z- ) {

, i8 () ' ,
r-dx

V3-=y-z +cos t"

()

dt

v d 2 = dy _ dz _ sin t
dtZ
dt
dt

, ~ (), h
d2 x

-+=,

dt2

(d)

x=C1 cost+Czsint.

"

380
() (), h ~e

y-z=V dx -

+ z=V'si t -

(2 f-l)s t- 1 V sin t,

cos t =

dt

'.

Z,

1 cos t - (2 , - v) sin

C~CTeMa, ().

t,
,

.. ()

11. ~ .
', fu n
. , .
, . .

. , iep ,
4nh , ~Tay KOH'I'pO'
iI . 3 .ll

'

. n

' ~u .
, . .
, lO

.

ii1

'

50. -

. -

0, (
1) t

( )

().

'

+ h.

(t

+ h)

(t h) - (t)
~ BpeMeHd h. :

h,

) ]!: ;
} ;

d)

, n1i

h,

<;lJ

. . ,

, '

lI.

!fxh,.

n ,

h j~Ha~ Mxh,
8.

2) (t) , ".

381
U ~ ~
, .

I,

, .
~poja ,t<

(101)

Nxh

(t+h) -x(t) = Nxh -

+I

, ,

~ (t

uu

+) -

(t)

(t

+ ) -

If

h.

(10l)'

x(t+h)-x(t) =Nxh

(102)

Ih

MX+/~E.

(t)

h
u fi i1iUii1.

, (12)

~; =Nx-+.-;

(103)

dx
dt

t.

u fi i1iUii1
(103)

~xca

(104)

~).

.
'.

+ .,

t.

8 .

. 2 ) (lO~)

(103)

(105)
1)

dx

--=-[2 +I-

dt

t) n.

382

.=n-m

.li1i1li1 r,
l=+l1
.li1iii

. , .

1 (105)

Riccati-

e;Z, 1

li1 ,

'

(105)

'

(106)

n .

1, 1,

u.r

(105)

, n, , , 8 '

. TO!'rle ,
!!

(105)

K~je

1:

, .

h n

(105)

dx
dt

(106)

--=ex-Zx 2

, ii1
Kp~Tae

. I:I .

(1,06)

<:, l1i

n . l:l

(107)

(106)

= Zxo+(e-Zxo}e-&t '

= t = , . . 1

(107)

.
)Imx=-.
1
t .. oo

iIii1;

, i10iIi

'

,' Bdi UUiIi, Q

383
.

.!.,

(106)

, .

l 2 =0

1)

, -

;>

(106)

Tat<o

1 ,

(107)

t2

(107)

(107)

1.

t1

2 ,

2)

= ------"----:--

+ ( -lxo) -

I:tl

(107).

1,
(107) h

t=O .

.; ll. (106) Verhiilst 1845.

(106)

r. , h 4

,
,

Verhiilst

h.

40

6,600.000. >
8,092.000 1930 . '
,
,

(106)

'Q .

,_

dr
=
dt

1) u, ' ' -

, .

h .

2}

' h ,

ope~eHO

.,

, ' , .

(106)

, .

. uruII.'uufNI. dU. . ,
.

384

, sa

JI. JI ri' (106'

rJI ' 6JI . lf,

(1(6)' , ' ' ~poja

QA 1790 1930 .

lI

lI

~ 1 (105),
. h 'r.
'

51.

10,.

...
,-n =

n,n -

[,

'['n2

n,1 ! N -

~,

.......
, N -

,.

1 xnI

~'

JI JI

~;' = -+ ; ~ [

(108)

(1,= 1,2, .. ,

Xk)'

),

k=1

[jk

%/ JI

- , u

(108)

8110,, 6.

pasBoj

.II

[. '

JIJI8 . 'JI [ / 2 8 .II

, Xi . JI Itk X~ })
, Xk (k =t= [) .
, (IOS) , ; ..
,

_dXt

(109)

dt

1)

1 (8/ _ ~ [ %k)l),

(i- 1, 2; .. ,

k
J\
k-I

"1 '

< ,

~~1- == -I (~'l/k Ykf,Bkt ),

k-1
,(i~

1, 2, ... ,

'
).

(108)

/
1>1+ ' ~j

).

n /-'

385
h {fl
, Jl10

(109)

.n .,

=1,2,

rAe

... ,n),

Xio t = , . ( } Q ;- ,

, h
h

(N2 40),

, ;

YBiK

t.

, h

(110)

Xil

F.it
=

Xi2=XiO/it-:/it

-l:itll(LI/k''l)dt

(110),

k=l

tJ ('
t

'2 = Xio

F. i

- ,

likXko

k t '
) dt,

ko.:l

'

(111 )

XkO) q . (11~)

; (i =

1,2, .. " ), '

t.

(107),

if

lik

(111)

~h

..

(108)

(109)

Jl

Il

1:I

m . .

ll'f

25

Q .

52.

= F (, , ') dx,

(1)

1 8 ,

JI

' , , '

(2)

F (, , ')

( , 1 )

(3)

=! ()
H:SBOA '

= !, (.;)

= !

(),

f (1'1)'

" (2), - ,

(3),

' , 4

(1)

(1)

( , %1)' ~ (2),
(1) .. ,

A(:X Y.I

li1lll.

~_~~'l'C{x" .

- reQ &

(., ) (1 , 1)

-;-.. . . .__~-_~_.x

== q> ()

' (:

\, .

1).

..

(2)r-f(x)

(1)

q\~8h

80, =

(2)'

...

(), ! ..

D,

(1)

(),

(().

(1),
1)

rn

()

t'

, , . );(

- h,

+ h),

(1)

h .

=-= <()

1 ,

{()

q> (),

,<.

I< = {() ,

, ,
anC~COM ,

=,

+ ,

. -

. 8 =

q> () -

{()
{()

{ ()

l(

{() ,1

q> ()

{()

(1),

+t

()

{()

{(),

t'

(1).

N = q> (),

= q> () =

1).

maJIY-.

n ( , 1) =

(.

{(), . r

PN=y=PM+ MN=y+8y.

53.

'

( , 1 ).
() ( , 1 )

I r () 1

()

(3')

()

(X t )

:=:=

(4)

(1)

=f ()

'

+ r (),

/ = {, ()

+ r' ();

(4')

() = F (, , ') dx = [-, f ()+ (), (' ()+r'()] dx.

1)

,1 i .

388
I

- .

() luri-' , h 1)

J(a).=J(O)+~( ~J)
+ 2 (~)
+... +nl.n (dnJ)
+anh ()
1..1 = 21 da2 -
dan -
r h

()

-+

-+

(5)

+-1 +anh(a)

J(a)=J(O>+-+-+ .. .
1121
'

(6)

dJ)
=
da =

(d2J)
=B2J, . ,an(dnJ)
~nJ.
da =
.
da n ....

a2

2 ,

.. ,

" , .

...

Lagrange-u, , , . , n- .

() .

....

= , ,

& . ' ,

()

() 8'

()_.(0)'+2 + ... + fJnJ

. (7)

11

nl

21

+anh(a)

. :, .
,

(6),

= ( dJ)

(8)

da

,= ,

(9)
n

(8)

{9)

() . = , .
. 2
= ,

> ,

(1)

(7),

(1)

() u.a Jlu.

. .

t<

82

< ,

(), ' = , .i11 (1) .

. II = ; - 8 8=

4 =1= , . (
. . )

. 1)

.1 , .'

+ 1 .

.389

(4'); (8)

(dJ)

13J =
,

da

( dy + dY')

'

da

da

dx =

(4),
1

= ( -dJ)

(10)

. =

[(
, ) dx-;-O.
-::'1'()+-:-;'1"\)

(, , ')

= F (, , ')

-=-,

()

'

'

-=-

(10)

l3J =

a~

= ,

(4),

%1

( dJ)

da

( '1' () + '1" () dx = .

'

tf

h h , h

]1
t(x)
-F. '1"(x)dx= [
"

'

%'1

d ( )
- - dx,
dx '

-'1'()

.
1

.
J~ '1'() -d ()
- - dx,
-'1"(x)dx='

.'

'

dx

r,

'1' ()
8

(11)

== ,

'1' (!) =

(12)

l3J=a(dJ)

da .' =

= '1'() [ -~'(~)ld=.
_

dx

'lr ()

l3J =

, ,

(12),

390

~_~(P)=o

(13)

d ',

'

1)

2 ,

(14)

-------'---"

'
'
,2

(14)

(13)

If .

(1)

=0.

(14)

uZ-Lgng-

ii

Ji, .

(14) ii n
(2), qa (1)

80 i10
"111.

(14)

(15)

(, 1 , 2 ),
1 2

= ( ' 1 ,

(16)

3 (.

(15)

1),

I = (1 , 1 , 2 ).

CI<),

1 2 3

(15),

h eKCTpeMaJlHa

'.(, , 1 ,'1) =f(x),

(16') ,

(2)

(1)

1 2 ,

(16)

1) I() (, 1 );

'"

()/() dx -=

()

'IjI () .

'i' ( ) = 0,'1' (1 ) =

(>:8II

1 () ==
()

8n (5o, 51

u ( 1 ),

(. 1 ), Q (5~,.s1) (
\1 () ....

0/' ()

, ;; ;;

< 50 < 2 < 51 < l)' 11 () 1 >

'

50

51 ;;

;; 1

50 ;;

;;

'i' ()

-,( -

50)2 (51 -

{IJI () I () d~ I >

n.

!.

51

)3

( - 5)2

(51 -

51

)2 dx = '(5'1 '-;0;s

()

'
,

()

==

391
:.

(16)

r.

(14)

(17)

D.

(14)

(14),

(17)

/~

(17)

D.

y'1 =

(. , ')

(12)

(1)

, , '

' () 1: (2),

.l1

D,

. .

f(ao , (1)

(14),
(1) .
(9). (10) (4)

= {()

h

8 2 =2

(18)

(4),

F
2 F
-=-,

( -d' )
das

2 F
2 F
--=--,

'2

(18)

02

'

'

= 2

(tFda )
2

2 F

'2

,2

---,

1'1

=2 [ 2 F t2 ()+2 2 t(X) t'(x) +?~t'2 (X)]dX

2

'

'2

(19) d 2

J= 2 (d J)
2

da 2

2 1 [ Pt (x)t- 2Qt ()r' () + R\lr' () dx.,

=

=
'
2

. .

392

Il

(1)
(19),

eJI,

.'

t l
,

2,

' c~

()

[' ()

(19),

V().

c~
(16'),

8.

Legendre

(19)h .

w ()
. D, 1 h ,

J""(2 t'1" 1V + '1'2 w') dx=['\r2w ""

(20)

w' ()

0,1)

"'

'ijt () =

'1t ( 1 ) =0.

~ l?h8

(20)

'3

(19)

(19),

',

2=2 [(P+w)'1'2~2 (Q+w)#' + V'2J dx.

(21)

w () 'd
Ii

(21)

. f,

R(w' +) _(Q+W)2=02)

(21 ')

(21)

62 =

(20;)

(+

'2 ~ '1"

Q~w

'1' dx.

e.rIs , ~a l 8II

(22)
I! l.

(;,

(22),

Legendre-ov

, aj~

, . () 8 = , . -

.'1

(1) .

R= ~F>'

\(21")

"

"

'

" n 111 ()
1)
!
R'
1) Jt Q -1- 111 = - R "

8'Q.
\

+ _,,' +
R

Q'-P

.
.
~
R:'.

393
OHlI.8 ,

R=--. <,
'2

(1)

JlICUI.

Riccati

( , 1 ) _

54.

(1)

w () Riccati -

l<

(21')

D.

Euler- l\\(l).

= f

()

()

1 ( :~)

(22')

= f

(3')

--

1)

I< (.

()

(3"),

ji -

+ '!' () =

+ '1' ().

'V () ,

' = ' - ' = ~' ().

'd
-

d
dx

= -

()

(:

'1' () =

'1"

(),

(dY)=~ () 8.'I
dx

\dx

(dy)

='d(),

.'l

(1)

= (, , ')

(1)

dx

1'0

=
=
ji

() =

f ()
q> () = f ()
!

(23)

-+

a'1' ()
a'1' ()

=-().

() = F (, + , ' + ') dx

(1)

394
~

(1)

= [() h
1

()

(, , )1') dx,

. (23) 8

= . (1)

Xt

(24)

() - () = [ (, + , ' + ') -

(, , ')] dx

' D. :' (, +,)1'+ '),

h r ', -

i1OMohy - , (24)

(24')

'

()_()="{[F + ~oy,]+J..[2P(OY).+2 2 8'+

'

21 ll

'

2 (')2] +.. [ + F ]
+ '2
1
3!

y+ecS~ JdX
(3),

y'+ecSy'

~25)

8 2

],

1 [

()-()=-+-+-,

112!

(26)

(7),

'[
~

31

F] 4,

-8+-'
,
. '

(27)

8 2=[ 2 (8)2-4-2 % 8' + 2 F (8')II] dx,

2.

'

' 2

, , &2,

... ,

, 8 2 s

(26)
(11),

8 '

(7).

(22'),

(25)

~ (1) .., ' (25) (~6), II

(28)

8=

JY'[aF

-8+-8'

'

dx=O.

395
' h 1 )
,

%1

() dx = [ ] - _!!- (~P) dx
oy'dx = !!....
dx
dx
'

'

'

'

.
!

d (,,.F) dx,
dx=- - -F,
'
dx \ '

.,

(22'),
1

] = [_ '()] =0.
[
'
'
%0

(28)

=[ __{. ('!) oydx= ,

dx

'

_!!.... ( ) =
dx

'

. Euler"Lagrange~eBa

Jr
%1

(29)

02)=

(1)

(13).

(25)

(27),

P(Oy~2+2QOYOY'+R(0y')~JdX=f=0,

1)

w'(x)

D,

W (), 1<110

2 )

II

= ~. ~ (8) dx =

d%

dl',

du =

.!!.-.
() dx, v =8
dx '

2) .10 h ll

().

396

f[
1'1

,~

d~ (8)+I'()()' ]dX=O,

2 w ()8

1'1

/'

[2 w () 8&' + I' (:)()' ]dx = .

h

(29),

h h

8 2=

(30)

f [+ I'] 82+
1'1

2 (Q+

I) ' ~ R8y'2]dx,1>

w ()

"

R(w i

(30)

(21).

+ ) -(Q + w)'t= ,

(30') ,

2 F

R'

'2

(22)

'

" n(l),

l.

55.

Euler-Lgrng- .

' uZ-Lgng-

(13),

(1)

.'

. ~1d ' ..

<.q)"

(14),

10. ~- n (1) , F (, ').

IC.

(13)

d~(:;)=O
1) 8
(8)2

= ',

(8')!

= '.

397

- . - = 1
'

= 1 (, 1 ) dx + 2 = 2 (, 1 , 2 ),
1 :!

-:- ~ ( , 1 2 ),

).02 ( 1

1 , 2 )

= 1'- (. ' 1 . 1) = f ().

l! F (, ').

20.

1I .

(13)

(, ')

(31)

_ ~ ( (; ') )

'

dx

.
8

"

'=,

dp

dp dy
dy dx

dp
.dy

= - = - -=-

dx

(31) nocTajt
(, ) = ~ ( (,)

= 2 F

+ dp
2

dy

dy

dp

- ,

dy

+ . dp =.!!...
dy

( )

'dy

dy+ dP=d(P~)'

d(\ - ) =0

--=1

398
, hh ' = ,

(, ') _ ' F (, ')

(31-')

'

1 2 I<

30.

Lgg;"

(14)

('),

Euler-,

-''=
,2
"

. " = , =

, .
40.
(14)

+ (2. ~TO

!'

F (, ),

li = [()

50.

F(x, , ') =

(14)

(,)

+Q

(, ) ',

- - - ' =0 .

~
1

' = [ (, ) + Q (, ) y']d

. , , ,

. -

/
JI (1)' F(x, , ')

F (
-')
, ,
,

+ ). '(, ) + '
(,l "
.

399
ulLgg-8 JI

(1)

( 1 , )

( , )

(, ).
.

'.

10.

f m " iJ1 ( , )

l) .

(Xi,

, Ii.

v1 + '2 dx,

f -+- '2
1

s=

dx.

30. Euler-Lagrange

"
----9-

(1

"

, . I< _

li

(32)

+ '2) /2 =0

(21")

+ 2
,

(32)
1

R= (1 +,2) % = '(l+C,!)3~

>

w ()

(21')

"

w=---ax+~

= (1

+ 1 )%
2

~- . (20'), 8 2

ir (),

- .

20.

r UiJ1

(32')

400 .
, > . 20, l
Lgng-

(14),

l +'2

(21'),
yl2

.....--:::"'==

l +,2

+____ =C,,

-~=

V1

'2

(33)'
SJlh
) :

'

12 -

l)1

(33)

1 = D1

+D

2,

. .
,)

=/= ,

10

(33),

.n

(34)

{ ==,2 + k~ f si!

ksit ..

Jl

(35)

(~=~.

],

1
't

k=1,=1 !

'

. ~ si! t dt, --;- sinf3 t,

(34)

tdt,

(35)

-. .

, Jf8' .

) .> (~> ) (34) CMD (. 2),

t '1t, ty 2 k

~ .

401
, ,

= 1 (~ = 1) .

= ..!.. ( =
2

8 ()

2)

~.

d)

< (~ < ),

(32')

ll .. =-1

(32')

1'1

1'1

= Vl + y'2dx= yds,

, n

21t

I4 , hh . ul-Lgg-

(33)

. =
,:,,

(34),

= ~

X~

1
= - 2
30,

V1 +':!

. X~ ) ,

(34)

u MUllUM.Y.IIta

UlI

1',

= (,) dx.
1'0

(24),

h
%1

()

() = [(, + ) - (, )] dx,
%9

(24'),
%1

.J(a)-()=[ 8+ 2 ()!

21

+ ... +(")

" + 8

()" dx.
!

1'0

26

402

4',

ulLgg-8

-,-

1'.

<

-'

yl

>0.

n .

= j(~y+'y2) dx

'

U8J/1.e~y 1Il (, ) ~(l, -

+).

ul-Lgg-8

+ 2 = , iJIF = 2 >

'.

~ (- 2 + .4) dx =_1 .
2

-12

20 n " ' llu

iIi 1Il ll llllt u

'.

UI1l

,..

U1110.

4/0,01

'

Hi . nt

(. ),

h , .nIl
,

(.

3) .

d$

v = -'-

dt

g
' ,

,", ,

"

h = ' =

403
(; Vo =

t=

ds
l + yl2
dt=-==-----dx,
2'

V2gy

(36)

=f

(31'),

() ~aOBoaBa

f(O) = ,

(36)

1 = f(x 1 )

Ul-Lgng-8 .

.
2 1 SI
-.
2

dx= 1 (1- cos

= 1 ( -

du.

+ 2

sin )
= 1 (1 - cos ),

. iIi .JI,
1 2 .

30. fi 8Me~y iIi (, ) (';, ) 8

404
. ul-Lgg- ~q "

= 1

sin

- .

+ 2 cos .

= 1

sin ,

~Ma

l .
'I'C

= (1 2 cos2 -

( )
Cl~ si 2 ) d~ = ''.
=2>
2

4? mu (- 1, -1) 8(1, 1) 0m
,

+1

= ~2 '2 dx
-1
.

! = ~

-- =
'2

= -

2 2 =

0-

=.

==, ~

Jot.

50.

= (2 + ~ - 2) dx,

>

-- - = 2

(- ,

+ 2

)
-

(, ).

2 = ,

-F2 =
2

2 =

'

,; 4

= ----'
4 '

+ 2 ll
-

405

56.

(37)

(, , ', . , (n

dx;

5 , , ', . , (n) l')

( 1 , 1) (, 1), =
'

D,

( , )

[()

= [, (),

"

= [" (); . .. ,

n) =

[() ()

YC.IJoBe

[( )' '

1 = ((,). l'

= [, ( ),
= [, (1 ),

, (n-1) = [(n-1) ( );
. , (n-1 ) = [(n- 1) (1 )

q> () = [()

+ '1' () ,

= [() = q> ( ) =
= [( ), '= <' ( '= ['( ) , . ,(n -1) = q> ( - 1 ) ( ) = [(n- 1) ( )' 1 =
= q> (1 ) = [(1 ) , 'l = <'( 1 )=['( 1 ), . '1 (n-1} = q> (n- 1) ( ) = [(n-1)(X1)~
.

(37')

'1"

'1' ( ) = , '1" ( ) = , . , '1' ( -1) ( ) = ,

'1' ( 1 ) == , '1"

'1' ()
'1''' (), .. , '1' () ()

(),

( 1 ) =

, ... , '1' (

-1)

( 1 )

D.

(37")

. - = 0.'1' (), '

8"

"

"

' - '

= a'1''' (), .. ; 8(n) =

a'1" (),

() -

() =

a'1'(n) ()

8(dY)=~(8Y)
dx

(37"')

d~ ) = (d
( ....
- Y') =
dx 2

8 ( -dnY )
dx n

dx

[()

dx

(8') 8 (dy') -:- d (') ,

- d-

d
/.dy (n-1) =_(8(n
dx

= [()
=

8 (dy) = d(oy) ,

dx

' 1=d(oy(n-1.1)
8 (dy(n-

dx

+ a'1' ()

q> () = [()

nY
1) , ( ) = (d- )
dx n

+ \1' ().

d n ()
=-,
dx n

. 1)

(37)

(dlly) = d n ().

(37)

406
I

(;) = F (, + 8, ' + 8', . , n ) +- 81 n

(8)

dx,

I< - ;

= (37) = f(x).

(8) (7)

,h,

Taylor-

(8') () - () = ' {[F 8 + F 8' + .... + '8(n>] +

'

(n>

'+ ... +, F<> 8<n>l<I}+,

~[F8 + 8 '+ ... +

I '
.+ 8}'<) ,1
]<->
} dx
+
,

+~ [F s + 8
~

21

' ~

(n)

(1I)+ 81(n)

1(0;) -- ():;=, 8.

(9)

I
1 [
+-+21
I

, .. .

(37)

- [ 8 + 8' + ... + 8<n)] dx = .

(40)
,\
-

'

oplea ,

(7'),

8 dx
F

1'

(n)

1 ,

(37")

(37"'),

xt

[F, 8]- !! (F) dx =-8 ~(P) dx,

1'0

1'0

1'0

1'1

F 8" dx= []'

, "
" 8 -

d(F)]%t+

f 81'

d ()
, dx.
"-' dx =
'

F
-'"
.

[1'18tP

1'1

1),

d (F)
8Y dx
' dx=

1dl
('F)
dx.= JX 8- (F)
dx,

dx l '

~.

'

1'0

= - [ 8- -.dx '

, dx

dx

dXS "

'

1'1

.
f,ydI ()
"'=-,
. dx 8

"

dx,

407

. . . - . . . . . . . . . . .
1"1

1"1

8() dx =(-1)" [8Y~n ( ) dx.

<)

dx

(40)

1'1

3=

(n)

1'0

F - d ()
tP ()
+- +
Jl
dx '
dx "

n ( )]
... +(_I)_._
- - 8ydx=O,
dx n <)

_~(P)+~(P)+"'+(_I)n~j~)=o.

(40')

dx

dx"l. "

dx n \ ()

'u!-Lgg- 4I 2n- ,

(41)
2 .

. 2

~ ( ' 1 , 2 , 211 ) ,' =).,,' ( , 1 , ."

( -1)

;}'1

=1. (1 , 1 2 ,
:1(- 1 )

).,,( -1) ( , 1 , 2 ,

2 ),"1

. , 211 ) ,

2 ) ,

= ).", (1 , 1 ! , : , 2 ) ,

).,,<-1) (1 , 1 , "

(2)'

(41)

= (,. ' 1 , ,', '1,"

,(-1),1(-1\) = f(x).

,
8,

l)tJ

(39),

(1, )

(37)

Jl

10. Hah.u

"

Me~y ili" (, )

"jJI iii

=!Y"'dX

l-Lgg-8

(40')

y 1V
., Jl

408

()

. , ' () = ' , (-1) = , ' (1) = 'l

l\4 h

= ( (3")

1) [('

, (38')

(39),

+ 'l) -

,'0]'

82 = 2 (8 ")2 dx = 2 ' \}r"2 () dx > Q , .

20, ii1 ( ,) (1 ,1) u

.BD h , _

f!.

Uu

iii

Ullu

u eBO.Qy'ie
MUHUMYJtt (, 4),

M8,11ota

( = ds)

MAds=~Rds.,
. 2
2

4
Xt

MNBA=J=2

%t
.!
1 (1 yl2)2
.
Rds="2
'-'-l

+y

t2

dx,.

. . . u/..Lgng- (')
.

'

_.!. (P)+~( )=
dx . '

dx"

"

F =~(F)+
'

d'

l'

409
I:! ,

dF =

d ' _L ~~ d "= !!...-.( F.') "dx

"
dx "

'

dy' =

" dx,

+
d +
"
'1

d '

dF = d ('1

:;) + C dy'
1

= " _+ ' + 2
"

3 ,~

"

..

(1 + '2)2 _
(1 + '2)2
-----.--.,
l' -+

+.2:

CM~HOM

~y- ='= t()'~,

dx

.::. :.!

1[ . -cos
t
-t +
2
2

dx=4

1 SI

cos 2 - t] dt
2

t
2

dy= fg-dx
h

= ~ [-1st+2(t+Sit)1+,
= ~ [ 1 (t

57.

sin t) -

2 cos t + ...

1 2 4

z,

r
!

(42)

= F (, ,

Z,

',

Z') dx

-410

rpaltllJlf, F (, , %, ', %') . -, .

,'II 11 ... " 8.11II II
, , Z, ', z' D Oxyz. (., , %0)
(l , 1' Z1) D
.
= f (), z = f 1 ()
. (43)
1 l

8 11 ' -=

f'(x) r

=- f'1 ().

", .

(44)

Zo = f 1 ()' l = f(Xt),

f(xo),

%1

= (1 ( ).

(43) (44) ..
8 (42) ...

(45)

f(x)

ji =

+ r(),

= f 1 () . r1 () "

80 (43) = (43),
.

.ll"

t
.

( )

(45)

() rl () "

r1 () = ,

( ) = ,

11

YC.llOBe
( 1 ) =- ,

= f(xo) = '

za =

f 1 () =ZO' 1 = f(x 1) =11, 'i1 =

(42) (45) (43)

(1

( 1 ) = Zt

(46)

() - () = [(; +, % + ~z,y' + ', z' +8r)-'

1'.

~ (, ,

= - = r(),

z . rl (),' - ' . ' r' (), 8z'= z' - z~ = /1 ()

\ 6' =
-

(47)

z,y', z')] dx,

() -()

Bz =

26n

lt+21+"'+7t +anh(a) ,

1'1

(48)

= [
+ . Bz + '
' + z'
BZ') dx,
:>' z
0

1'11
1'

2 ="[ + F z+ F ,+ BZ'](2){ ,

. . . . ..
1'g

'

............

...

(46),

411

rpeheM

(!

54),

(48)

8=""{' [~~(P)]oy+[P_~'(
F)]'z} dx.

dx '
z
dx z'
"'

__ !!.- () = ,

d '

(48.')
.

(42),

_!!()
z

uZ-Lgrng-

8z,

dx z'

=0

'

i)2 F "

'2

(49)

+ " F z" + F ' + F z' + F _ =

,

2 F "
, 'z'

'z'

'

z '

'

+ 2 F z" + 2 ' + 2 F z' + j~ _ =

z,2

z'

z z'

z'

~ = 2 2 ~ _
l2 z,2

'z"

(49)

"= " (, ,

(50)

2 )2 =1=

z, ', z'),

z" = (, , z,

1, z').

D,

( , '

zo) ( ll 1'

(50)

'

JII

Zl)'

1'

=('l"'" 1""" 'n)

dx,

('

(; = 1, 2, .. "

).

l EuZer-Lgng-

_!{()=

(51)

dx /

'

(i=I, ... ,n)

. .. .

2n I . ,

(52)

(; == 1 ,2, .. ) ,

I~

412

; (, 1

, ... , , 1"

. ,n),

oeTepMJtHaHTa

\'d

Hamilton,oBY

(53)

(. , ... , '1"" ,n) = ~ /; : -

,'!! . ,'n)

F(x'Y1I

=1

dH=]Y';dPi+ ~P;dY'i;=1

n,

~~ dx-] : ; dy;- ~-:~d,'

;=1

;=1

;""\

(52),

~P
dH=---d-dy;+ ~'
Yidp

(54)

;= 1

(51)

1=1

(54),

.
d ()
dpl
,
dYi
. ; = - / = - dx '=- dx' ; == dx '

(51)

dy;
dx

dPI
dx

- = - , - = - - ,(l= 1 ,2, ..
;

,),

. ,

ilt- (53).
, ~ (49) ~ '
l ,!}

(42). , ,
(48')

I I< Z,

-= 1 ,-= 2

z'
.

10.

/ u

iipoCfIiOpy

8,&

(, , ) () ,1 , Zt) u; , ~8 ii 8u.
n
n ,

Oyz

413

fV
1

t=

V2g

.
1

d~= ~ 1_fl'l

t' 2g

+ y'2+z;T-d .
1'-

ul-Lgng-

(55)

'

V1 + '2 +zf2,

1 1

'

r:s8

=Cz',

Cz

Z'

2 ( 1

+ ,

+ '2 + Z'2

. '

z=O, 2'=0
ll

(55)

' =

1 - 1

+ '\

1
=- (1 22
1

cos

(1 - cos

= 2~J2 ( r

sin )

+ 4 ,

, =

, =

(1 - cos ),

= (

sin ),

. .

20.

' [ (, , z) + Q (, , z) ' + R (, . z) z'] dx

.
'.

414

(<48')

"I; .

oQ
-=-.-,

-=-.-,

~=-.

30.

%1

%1

1)

1'0

%0

(z) 'I+'-'2 dz,

P(z) ds =

F(z) ' = 1

V1 + ,2 + ,2 ,

F (z) ' = 2

V1 + ,2 + yt2,

Oxz,

,=

, ' =

Oz.

+ '2 ,

F (z) '.= 1 1

sillu

40.
( ' '

ill

zo) (1 , 1' Z1) . .

jt,
%1

%1

= ds= l +y'2+ zr.tdx;

X~

1'0

uJ-Lgng-

(56)

' = 1 V1, + yt2 + zt2, z' -~ 2 +- yt2 + z'2,

y=Cz+Ca
'(56)

z=C4 X+C5 ,

III .

1)

4l

415

58.

:= ( , ,')

%t

(57)

dx

%1 , .

, (), 1

'1

()

_ (, ).

:=

) ~

f(x,

I<. ao~a~a1' () < <1(),

( f ()
f(x. ), . = f (, ).l1

s y=f(x,O) =. (5!~Q

f(x .), ' = f'x (. ).

h s
%1

%.

(57')

() = (, ,') dx = F [( ,)' (, )] dx,

.8 s
I

'()=[(,,')

%t-

I+J[~~+ .J~]dX.1)

dx
da

'

%0

(, ,
l

(58)

%1

df] + - -df [
d (dF)~
---:-. dx.
.
dx, ,

dx F
'()== [(,,')-+-_
da ' dG

8 r

(59)

F(

%11.11'

1) dX 1

l da

( , )

df)
+ (i!F

1-

( .)

KpajH~

.,

= (),

F(

') dx o (QF df)

, ' da -

'

f(xJj, ), 1 = '1'1 (), 1 = f(x 1, ),

416
.

dyo
da

f( , )

dYI
da.

f( )

~=

-=

+ -f(
, ) dx __
- -- - - o -

f( ' )

da

+ ' dxdao '

'+ '

f(l , ) _d~= f(1 )

1
da

dX
1-

1 0

da.

1'-0' 1' T8HreHaTa

It

dyo
da

, dx o
da

---,

f( l , )

_-0....-'-'---'-

dYt

= -

da

,dx l
-, .
da.

h '

(59),

(58)

(dY
F(1 'lI. Jt') dXda + (dF)
'
da -I
1

.,

dX 1 )

da -

o
F( . .")dxda.-

_ () (dYo _ ' dX o') .

' da
da.

(58)

11

~ ,

' () = 8, dx o = ,
.

dX 1 ~
da

da.

~~!!.Oa. = 8. :1 8 = 8l'
h

(60)

I (1 , 1')
F

-ua=ux 1
! (, .)

s.,

-----

'~1)
,

/ (::')1] 8 - [F ( . . ')- ' (:;) 8+

+(~p)
8-(~E)
8Y +j 8Y l-F_!!(F)] dx,
' 1
'

dx '
I

8 ,

Sx j .,

8.

l' , '.

1)

, lIrn

(58)

:.

417

(61 )

)
]' + l [aF
Lt ()]
-- +-8
--dx,
[( F -' '
'

dx '

UpBY

(57')

01)

. , 1I.
81 =

, 8 1

(57)

(57) .

r ' ..

noctaje

8 = [ _!!.- ()] dx,

dx

'

I1

(N!! 54).

(57)

tl

(61)

= F (, , z, ', z')

dx,

, h tl

(62)

[(

F _ '
'

(57),

_ z' af<) 8 + 8 + 8Z] . +

'

az'

z'

+J{8y[aF -.!{() -r 8z [ - !!.-()} dx

dx '
az dx az'

( , '

zo)

( 1 , , Zl)

1)

. .

1 , ( ) ( 1 1.)
11 . = / ( ). l = / ( ),

/ (. )

dyo
da

dYl
da

&

= _.

_.

/ ( )

27

418
.

10

F (,
,

1, ') ::::;:

(, )

+ Q(x, ;) f,

(61),

8 - [ + Q6y +!6 [: - aa~] dx.

,

20.

F (, , z, ', Z')
,

(, , z)

+ Q (, , z) ' + R(x, , z) Z','

(62),

"1

8 = [ 8 + Q8y + R8z : +

'

+ {~1 [ -

oQ
+ z' (ijR,
_ aQ )] + 8Z[i)P . . :. . oR + ' ((jQ _ ~R)]} dx.

(jz ' '

(jz
oz

59.

r.

Jl 1 JI . n D (...

lC

r'I.'

5)

lI
8
n
8 1 .
n
1

, =- F

(63)

r,

3:

(, , ') dx
,

.. ... ~e
.

1 ..
..

(63),

..

(64)
(65)

,[ F ( 1' 1'1)
,

(66)
1)

'1 ()
-,

' I

8l

'" ',- = ,
+ (~
~ l
{
'

1)

8, 8 Je.-l,li .-I .

2)

3)(1

81 : 8 .

(61),

.(19
( , ) ~I.i) , y~'
,8 8

1
; (!, 1) , l'
,' 8 1l 8. TaHreH'Fe 2
. n ,
,

rt ,

(65)

,
, ,

(64), (65)

iii .

10,
20.

(63)

(66):
(64) ,

8 , 8 iii 1 ,
1' 1 iii iii 2 (65) (66).
. ,

II .
, ,

' = !I~ , Yt'

81

(65)

(67)

rt.

(66)

F( , ') + ('F) (' - ') = ,

F

(1, l' ') + (:;')1 (1' - /) =

U.

fl 1 2
.

rt

(65)

(64),

2 h ,

S1

(66)

~ l'.

11 82 1 2

(65)

81 82'

(62),

2 ,

(66)

(62),

l-Lgng-

~_!!...(~)=o

dx

'

'

~_.!!..( ) ==0,
i

dx

420

81

82

.,

,
, -F)
( f-y-~-z
'

z'

Q'
.

+ (l) 8+
'

()
8zo =0,
z'

(67')

( -' '

_ z'

, ~

'

) 81 + (,) 81 + ()
z'

'

z'

8z1=

81' ,q -1

TaHreHTt:e , ;

t f{

8~0

+ qooyo -

8zo = 01),

811.

( ---'

(68)

. '

-z'

,
w

82'

()

z' '
=

()

'
qo

;f '

-1 .

l:I

d .

, 06"
%1

= (,) ds =

' 1

f (,) Vl + ';!

dx,

(67)

: (' V1 +,y'l+ -_
l + ')

+ ' ' =

') =

88 r8 1 2
Q 8.
(, ) = 1,

38~q . 1 2

. '
~

(,,z)ds= (,,z)Vl+'),i2+ztld,

1) " %0 =

q>o (%, )

'

S1

, f

()zo

()Zo

i)xu

=- - , qg= - '.

421
,

(68),

dx

dy
q

dz

--=--=--,

-1

S1

82'

8 .
(, ,

z) . 1,

- 1
kPUBOj 1 =

(1 , 1)

.,

8i

S2

u ! iIi

(, )

r ( 1 )

, ,

J~t~ ~ j'Vf~/:: dx,

Euler-Lagrange-eaa

it

{ =l(-si)+2'
= 1 (1 - cos ) .

(69)

( 1 ,

+ ? +

V2gYl

'1

( ,1,' ( )

V1 +,?

'
-

(67),

= ,

(70)
(69) l = r (Xr ).

(70)

IJ

1 2

(, )
, ,

=, =, =, h 2 =0.

1+Y2Cyl-l r'(\'l) = , (l=r1(~1)

1

1 l

(69)

l= r ( 1 ),

20. ! = ( ) ,
1 =r ( 1 ).

422
08.
2'12'1

== ds = =-1+-:--':::"'2 dx,
.

"'"

888

Vl+Y'OI+Vl~' , (~' () .

3 '

.} + ' I' () =

+ '1 t' (1) =

== '1 ,

)1'0) =0,

+ I' ( ) == , 1 + 1

*'

( 1 ) = ,

. , =,' ()
l
(1 ) . l4. 1

=t

. =

'' ( ),

1 ==

(1 )

= 1
1 I' ( ) =

, .

1"":"

10.

+ .
,

1 = 1 1

+ ,

+ 1 t' ( ) =

"

I = rp ( ), )

h ( , )

(1 )

.
!

=- ds =- I + dx,

== 1 + 2 ,

YCoIIOB

I88II ( 1)

1 = t ( 1 )

+)1'1 t' (1 ) = 1 + 1 t' ( ) =

(}.

423
KOHcraHre 1 !!

yo=Ctxo+C., Yt=C1 X1 +C2, 1 +C1'V' (1 ) =0, (l=r(1

, 20. Hah.u

6 u = q> ()

1 =

'1t ( 1 )

60.

+' <' ()

1+

:=

'1 r' (1 ) = .

ll_ = {()

10 =

{( ),

1 = (()

1)

r
1

= (,, ') dx

...
1

1 = 1 (,,') dx= 1 ,.

2 = 2 ( ,, ')

(71)

2 ,

dx =

. . . . . . . . ., . . . . ..

(,,')

80 ll.

~,

(72)

(, , ', 1' . , m ) =

+ 1 F + ... + m m ,
1

1) 1 . . ( ) ' (1 1)'

424
., ....

/;;t; r.1l
,

= (x,y,~', /..1"'" /..) dx.

(73)

.1l 3 ~.1l

=
n

+ /..1 1 + ... /.. ,

1= '(,,') dx+ /..l'1 (,,') dx+ ... +". Fm (x,y,y~ dx,

~

'~ . ul-Lgng- .ll

(73)
'

_.!!...()_

n,

,dx

'

(72),

. +~ /.. aF1 --,..!!... [ -;~. /.. ; ] . ,

1=1

dx '

~
/:;:1

'

',;"

. 8.11

(74)

.""

= . (, 1 , 2 , /..1'"

}l' , .ll

.ll(71) ' /.. (;

.ll

(74)

., /..) ..

1'2' ... '

(71),OH.III

" = g (, 1 , 2 , 1 ,

.' ,

).

.1l 1 2
n

=f

g ( , ., . , ),
(11 11 2 , , , ).

f\:d

1.

" , j~ ~Me~y

1 ( = 1),

iil (, ) (1 )

= 1

lli

'

lli ll. .

.1l
'

= !YdX

425

Xt

(74')

= 1 = ds = ::-1-:-+---';:'2 dx.

1= (, ,'', ) dx= (+ l + '2 dx,

Euler-Lgng-

_.!!....()_

dx '
,

(31'),

(74")

(75)

(- 2 )2

(1

)2 = 2

1 2 , .

' (, ) ( 1 ", ).

.-

,'

1 =- V 2 _ 4 2

(76)

3
!

1 +Y'2dX=J"

, ,

(74'),

1 -

=l,

(75),

426

- 1
arc S1

2)..

+.arc .

, ')
= -1 (2 = -2

S1 -

2)..)..

(77)'

1
2)"

%1

S1-=-

.D.

2)..

. ' )

2. (')

R= 2
'2

)..

Vl + '2

(74"),

R= -

( -

, )

< ,
~

> ,

(76),

20,

Crora

(30'),

<

1 .

",

' , uu ' 111"

( , ) ( 1 , 1) , Ha1f.u , oKpe1f.yff.fl ,

HajBe1f.y

ii.

h
1

"1

= = 2 ds = 2 v1 + '2 dx
~o

, 1) -18 =-1= 1. n , 1 = 1. "'" ~

(77) ".

11v1.1-

-= ,

l.

427

, h

1 = (21tY l + '2 +)., l + '2)

dx

(21tY + ) l

+ '2 dx.

ul-Lgng-

(21tY

+ ) + '2 =

+ 1.)2 _ 1

1/

(21tY
1

dy =
dx

t ~!2 '2 + 1

(27t

21tY

30.

Legendre-OBY
"

( 01 )

( 2
+ =i

1t

-.

-;-

+ - 2 -.)
;- .
1t -

, .

(1 , ) ,

n !.
h eKCTp~MYM n8

V=

f 2
!

1t

dx

n
I

s=l=
wro

)'1

f ds= f l +y'''dx,

eKCTpe~YM

f(
!

1=

1ty2+1.Yl+yl2)dx.

"

hyh.

428
nji

it

ll

, '.

)..

(1

+-

R=-= 2 'rtx

'2)

8,.

"

"

dy

1tX2 -

dX=Y)..2_(1tX 2 _"1)"
,

61.

h
=

f 1 (,

f 2 (,

f 8 (t)

Z=

1n .
n

t1

(78)
\

.'

F{x,y,z,x',Y',Z'),dt,

to

' = ~~ , ' =

ft'

z' =

d~'

~ n

(79)

t.

ul-Lgng.

_!!(
F)=, , _!!(F)=,
dt

dt'

'

', '

(78),

F_!!(F)=.
z

dt

'

(78)

= "'" F (, , z, 1, dx
dY , dz) dx,
dx
""

z'.

y'z' )
F(x,y,z,x',y',Z')_x' F ( x,y,z, 1, -',
n

(N!! 5!)

'

'

429

(79)

_!!:...(F)=

.62.

dx '

1,R.

( ll 11 , ZI)

_~(P)_o
z'

'

z'

, (,, zo)

8
"'1

%1

== ils= VdX2+dy2~dz2. ,

"

z=

(, )

d%=pdx+qdy,
8
%1

%1

= ds = Vdx +-:--:dy,........2--;+--:(;--d-;--+;---qd-;-~):II
Z

"'

::

%1

%1

dx =

v1 + '2 + ( + qy')2 dx,

'

. Ul-Lgng

( + qy') (: + ' :q)

(80)

--;.1:=+:;=y=:;'2~+:=(p~+=qy=::')2 - dx

'

d (

= (, )

(80)

+ ( + qy') q )-0
yt+ ;2 + ( -t: qy')2- -

.,

= ..l (, 1 , 2).

~q , . "

. (81)

=..l (, 1 , 2),

z=

(,)

[, .. 1 (, 1 , 2)] =}1 (,.1 , 2)

S.' 1 2

1 3

%0 -

( , )

[ , ..l ( , 1 2)]

ZI = (1 , 11) = [1 , .. 1 ( 1 , 1 , 2 )]

1 .

(81),

430
= >-(, ,1 )

Z """"" . (, 1 )

== . ().

~(X),

Legendre'OBY,

f 1 (, 11) ,

-:

f 2 (, 11) ,

Z=

f.

(, 11) ,

ds = V dx 2

+'dy2 + dz =
2

du 2

+ 2F dudll + dll

ds = +2FlI'

+ OV'2 du ,

.ll, " ,

== + 2Fv' + Qv

t2

du ,

=(~)2+()2+(Z)I,F=~ +~y +z z,

.. ,

(X')~'
( \ 2 '(Z)1
0-- +--rt-.

_
.

Euler.Lagrange.eB8
.

ll

'

~+ 2 F 11'+ v,

~v

2 + '2Fv'

+ 011' .

Jl,8 : r n
"

Lagrange YC.llOBY
2F =

'2

EQ-F2

..

V( + :l Fv' + G 111'.1)8

>0.

. ]0. ilali.u ..u uIl

. 2 +}2_ 2 .

R
t

= Vdx 2+dy 2+d1.2

431

= r cos < =

cos ,

dx = -

r si < =. sin <, z = z,

dy = cos < dq>.

sin < d<p,

<

2 d<p2

+ dz

<

<

Ya + z,:t d ,
ll

~o

Euler- Lagrange-

z'=C1 Va ll +z,:t

z=Cq>+C2
~

cos <,

KO~CTaHTe 2

sin ;

z=

+ .

z=

<

= 2 ,.

x=a,y=0,z=2ek

cos <,

sin , z = k

+2

2 = , z - k tg L ,

TQMe

9 . ,

. " .

20. 1f

m fi

cos ,

sin q>r z = f

().

= ds = V~1--:+-f='2'-"(p-:-) + 2 ''2
1

Ul-Lgng- lJ
2 '

2 '

~Y71=;+~:='=2=C+==:p2;=cp~'2 = -d-s-

dp.

Legendre-oa

432
n

V1 +
V -

d rp

{'2 ()

1 2

Lgnd- n,

).:

32 > .,

63.

an

= F (, , z, , q)

(82).

n8 . ,
,

, , Z, ,

F(x,y,z,p, q)

D\ .

(83)

z=f(x,y)

D I\oja

"

I\

(83) ~
' , q; , s t
. 14IMe (83),
n

(82)

..

(83)

(82)

z -:- f (, ) +a'1t (, )

(84)

(83)

..

. (82) . = , n.

'1t (, )

n .,

n .,

~
,1. (,,
) up=-_-=-=''.1
~ . z
z
-'
( ,)
uZ=z
-z=a'j'

'i

oq= - - -

q- q = a'1t.'y (,);
.

= ('Z)

, ~(oz),

(85)

()

,
I

(84)

F(x,

Z)' =
oq= ( -(oz),

, z + oz,p + , q +oq) ,

433

(85)

(82)

(82).

J(d) _

()

8 + 02 +_1 [

11

2!

]+

l3

+ el3p

q+el3q
:

(86)

r[Fz+F+Fq]d-d,

2 = [ oz+~~op+ Oq](2) dxdy.

z

dq

f f
dx

- - (oz) dx= -

- dy=dx
(Z)
' (oz) dy =

8'

, h

'- dx= " dy

dy -8 (Z)

OZ =

- dxdy
ozd ()
dx

f f oz - ()
d

dy

dxdy,

oz) = , (~~ oz) =

(.

npB,II

0.1)

(86)

8 = " oZ [
_!!..
() - dy
~ (~f)]
dx dy,
z
dx
q
.

oz,

_!!..- (~_~) _!{ () = .

(87)

dy

,
, tJl

(82)

1.. u

1)
Q

(83),

1.I..

n-80 , h

-
l3 dy = ~
F I3z) dxdy '"" I3 .
dxdy + 8z ~
(~ dxay.

' Jl

28

434
S1v 1, (83). hVVI,
,
rl

= =

f fV +"+,ql

N{e

l41,' '

dx dy

,
,

1 1

(83)

1 1),

tfa

no.

(87)

' 1 1

81

+ q2) -

r (1

(88)

2pqs

+ t (1 + pI) .-.: ,

2z

-=q,

-=,

--

'

(88),

2z

--=S,

i)2z

- ' =t
'

1. 8 IIJl JIlUHUJIla.
, li1

(88)

'

64. ,8 5 . -

10.

(%1' '1)

== (.

81

+ 2') dx .. X1 Yt I

'

\%.Jl)

C~

20.,

. 81

" (1 + 'l)

(> )

dx

~ ( ,
.

:::=

> )

,1

81 .

( - 2)2
41

Yt

> )

' [1
,1

81
,

+ ( ,2
- 2 )2 ]

, 1 .18"

1) .

435

30.

= .

, = ds = v1 + y'~ d~

(89)

P=jYdX,

1=

J(V

1 +'2

+ )} dx.

Jl8

)..2

1 2

(.- 2 )2 +( 1

)..)2

= 1,

(, ) (, 1)'

(89).

Jl8

Lgdr-

, Q8 .

=--+7

40.

8!

(1,3)

(2,5)

Il
!!

= (' + ,2) dx.

1

50.

ii1

= v1 + '

dx

U8MetJy

(. ) (1

1)

1'1 :- 2 I

2 )

cos ( -

I -

< 2"' .

11 ).
2

1 1)

" .
~

I < "2

31 .

I11 I ... I11 -

+ '2 I ;; 111 - '21 + I C.I < 11

8 8i18 8 I l 1

<~ .

I C.I < 2"

436
60. -'I<<l8f:.

Uiii.z

,.

~.,.

. '

'

- -

'

",

== " d~ " " 2 +p~ iJ , . '

;tlAIa ,~ioQ

+ 1) (..,... 2 )] == ;1
~

"1 cos [(

,,'

'-,

.80

,f\

,.

',' -

(. ) B(e iJ l)'
\

,, ,

B!lAetll,

lln_'l'/

I ~11.<
-:,

.,;

,', (n+l)

"

7~. m U1Iiii.z.
,

)-

f
'11:

',' i=

y'1,COSI

dx

,.

,/,

fl.;,,'lDIC

)':-- ..... 1 tg ~

-,

"

, ,',

-"'.

~,

,''''
.,-

'''''~~.'"'~'''~'.''',

(~, ) ll ( ~ye~Tp", ',<

(0,0)

n (,.,;)..

>~

~y 'iIu ! == 2 f(z) '"...,'"5

:,' 80.

(. ,. %0) ( '1'- %1) Q. u

' , '

"

,,'

,.= c~ + ~1 , V~;!:~1~ ~ ~'; '\~ ~:

"

, ~Dlli
.

'

_l.I, n~I(

, ~ == cos - = sin ,
(

2 .... ~! (z)

'

(" " n , ).

, . lt~_
.
...

;i'

'

xt+yt+z2=a~-

, ', ~ pl:=2f(z) .al -:.z2 , ';.~

,. n
_"

'.

..

,J=f,/(Qs~zI)cp'2'+
;

.'

, ,
. .
, "
'
,

,011 ,

al , - z.a

d%,

_' , ,

, "

437
rJl

rp

2 + 1

(11

-z1) V~Z-

&

1)

11

( ~ q).
,

100.
= 2 -

(, )

ciiajajy

,'
(1 'l)

=_1 !('2 - 2) dx
-2

(0,0)
.

C2 sin

2 "

2-

(1 , 1)' .

1 = C2 sin 1

1 ,

.' Legendre-OBY
110.

=V'"2 -

l sin

=.

sin

1 sin

v'" 2 -

= -----==---

sin 1

)(1

= "n dx

- 2) ylll2 -+- " I =

2n-l

1)

1 2 , 1.'

, (, , ).

(1

YI, Zl)'

(. , ), h,

'= +

38 Z

== ,

== , .

dz

_.
(2 _ %2) "2 _

12 _

Z2

.438
"&

12, HaJr.u

=1

1
= -.
- 2

t Ul 111
Xt

= F (X,2,.Z, ', z') dx,

: .

li

, ( y~, Z1)
(, , z) = [ ( , ' zo) ].

(68),

() ()
( F _ ' F _ z' )
'
z' I
' 1
z' 1
----:._----==--=--

(:~)I

(:;)1 (::)1

f (, , z) = 6, & ' 8z 8-

08 (f) 81 +( f)' &l +(f) 8Z1 = '.

1

( 1

z 1

13.

, (., Z1) [(,z)

]

(67')

( F140. Hallu

= g (), .z =

h ().

q, h

' _ z' ) + ()
'

dz'

'

g'
1

(.)

+ (OF)
h' ( 1 ) =
z'

1! BMe~y
2 +2='1.,

z=o\

tJ

z2- '=2,=0 ..
. I
60n. .
1

== J.dS= Vl + y,2+ Z,2dx

. , (,

'~

, )

Oyz, (, 1' ~Zl) :

'

439

Euler- Lagrange

y=C1 Z+C2 ,
z= +4,.
q ,
.
(, ,) ,
( 11,

= ! %

2 =

(67'),

Zt),

1 2

'1

1/ 1 + '. + Z'2 8z1

+ 2

Z2 -

z'

1/1 +'2 +z,j

Oyz.

'l. = 2

.lJ

} .

2 l_- -1/-Z12
- -,

Z1

'
=_

VZ

2 - C2

z+a,

Z1
(,,
h

Zl).

n li

150. Hafiu

i10u m

= (p2~ql)dxdy.

(87),

"

2z

2z

1 2

}2

---=0,
q
Z=

f(x

+ y)+q> (-).

n , ' f(x

+)

q> ( - )

l.

160. Ha#fa

fi'

d Z =

ilu , i.OBp

()

+ q> ().

f fv +
1

['2

() +q>I2(y) dx dy.

440

(88), .i "
fll ()

," ()

1+ 1'1 () +.1 + cpr.l () =

'

z=Ax+By+C,
, , .

170.

s ,

8J1f' A(-,)

! (, ), OCOJlf iii ilajBltfiy il.

'
+

}=

( +).. V-+y'~)dx.

.( n
(

Jllrh

V)..2_2
18~

.)I

(1 _)2

= )...,

2).. =-)..-

sin

)..

= .

).. (2)..~>1) ..

1,

il.

,}= (+)..l +y'2)dx

S=JVl+YSdX=I.

(

2 )2

+ ( -

Ct )2= 11,

, l( ,

"
11

1- 1 2 =

2 ,

2 = 1 ' dx.

"

d. ~.t)

- Ct =Yll dy=dY1

=)..

441

1=

\t.

SV1 + y,i dx = SV1+1'2 dX1== SV2 + '2 d8 =

190.

L\.

l
2,.

= -.

ct u. ilm,

, u

(, ) llu ( ,l) u

1,

2,,;..,

uu

..

1= j(y_.~ +).. l +y.t) dx.

tga

h
)..=

)..,

(- 1 )2

(1+ )12)112
"

2 )2 =)..2.

(66),

1 +.'1-1 _=0,
tg
. .

q , _1_ .
tg .

200.

7t

[ " 2 dx

7t

!y2dx=1,

()=(,.)=.

7t

1 = ("2 + )..2) dx .

442
Jl _

y 1V +=.
=

sin ()

'It

'It

.r 2 dx = ! sin ~x = 1
2

1/ ~

~Jl h '
)' =-

+ ~ sin .

210. / MUHUMY~ u

'It

y'!_dx'=l.

y(O)=Y('II:)=O.

'It

= ('2 + yt) dx.

. =
220.

+ 1/2
. '11: sin .

/ u
%.

= ( 2 + 2) :. + 12 dt..
%0

.SJl ,

= Vll '2 + 1

dp,

d') ..
("= dp

-+
11
1
Vpl!n+:Idp- / .

,-

('11:)

443

230.

sm m.'tf. m

= ('2 + Z'2 -

4xz' - 4z) dx,

~ (, , )

(1,1,1)

f ('2

2=

' -

z'2) dx,

z=x.

1.
2.
3.

.
.

5
6

1.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

.
.
.
.
.
.
"
.
( .
rul1i-
- .
Riccatl- .

.


'
.

h
Lgrg-
Clairaut-

11
14
20
26
30
33
33
44
46
54
61
63
65
69

11. ~
18.
19.
20.
21.

22.
23.

24.
25.

.
~

.
.

.
.
.
.

76

79
82
84

(, )
(, )

97
98

.
.

110
115

26. .
27. TpajeKTopl!je
.

.
.
.

28.
29. '. ' .
.
.
.
.
30,
.

31.

123
124
134

136
143

149

.
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. .ll
.
.
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4.

1.
2.

3.
6
7.
8.
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.
.

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., .
lO

165
166
172
175
177
' 178
183
186
189

f.llaBa

,.

1.
10.
11.

200
200

11.

Jf

12. ;.
.

13. .
14. Wrski- '
15. '

203
204

'lO5
.

16.

'

209

17.
18,
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214

222

226

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111.
20.
21.
22.

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uh-

235
238
242

1.
23.
24.
25

245
254
258

ul- .
Laplace-

11.

24-

26.
27.
28.

29.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

/11.

268

273
279

285
290
292
293
295

30. l-
.
31. Gauss,oBa
32. Lgd-
33. Bessel-
34.

'

ll .
~. \::
3. k
37.

298
308
310

38. '!
39. h
.
.
40. ll .
.
.
.
.
.
41.
42.
43. t .
.
.
44.
45. Rlr

..
46.
.
.
.
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48. - .

.
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49.

3]6
323
325
335
344
345
352
355
359
370
373
374

11.
50.
51.

380
384

.8

52. 3t'
53.
51. ul- (1.)
55. 6 ul-Lgg- .
56. F .
.
.
57. F
58. .

.59.
60. lI

61. ll
62.
.
.
63. lf II
64.

386
387

,393
396
405
409
415
418
42.~

4:l8

429

432
434