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00019931
00019931
IADC/SPE
lADC/SPE 19931
-
AESTRACI
to previouslyusei methods.
3. Ac.ceptanewbecause of the quality, conclusions
are more readily aeeepted.
The pro am uses only normally available well data and
time anf cost parameters.
ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS
This pa r deals with evaluatin$ drilling rocedure options. rt does not address the chstinetlydiEerent drilling
engineering re risibility of AFE cost estimate preparatio~ which has%! en covered elsewhere (1,2).
In direct estimation the component variations are individuallyidentified and calculated from simple uations
involving depth and time fiwtorst The appr&La tion
made is that the
es intnttX
calculated are insignificant com areal
%to
es. Agoodexample is a ? op Drive evaluation pr%%& e reported by
107
As complexityincre~
the advantage of detailed nwdeling increases exponentially. For cases that involve differing criteria for circulating wiper tri , and d~tio~
profile, modeling is clearly superior. K ese cases involve
secondary effects to such a degree that the secondary and
interrelated effects must be considered to et a realistic
answer. Examples of complexanalysesinclui e:
- Use of a PDC bit on a steerable motor with an inhibitive mud that changeswiper trip frequency
- Top Drive USCoin
an ar~a reqr.ringfrequent wiper
trips and reanung on trips
- Use of a Top Drive to reduce underreamin~ time
and make a close-fitcasing pro~am econommd
. Cost difference between a budd & hold and an
s-turn profile - with and without use of a Top
Drive and or steerable syste~ for average angles
of 30 and 60 degrees
To account for the changes in the last example would require these steps:
1. Calculate the directional plan for the two
profile% for both 30 and 60 degrees (four
cases).
2. For each directional case, determine measured
depths fo~
: casks o:
P
. Bit trips (for convcztional and steerable
cases)
=
Wi -rtri
3.
volumes.
7. Calculate the spread rate and other cosm the
total dam and total cost (includingall the other
items not listed here).
IADC/SPE 19931
UU)C/SPE 19931
DrillingMethods Options
: ~r#
Rotary
- Mud motor in kick-offzone
- Steerable mud motor
- Underrearnin@hole opening
- Continuous me line coring
Wellbore Path Options
- Directional calculations are fidlyinte~ted
- Verti4 Build& Hold S-TurIZModdied S-llm
- Horizontal section on vertical or duectional well
- Tangent section in build zone for horizontal section
- Different rates-of-build between curved conductor
and motor zone
- AU deptha are entered as true verti~ program
calculatesmeasured depths
RigTJpe @tiOI.lS
Platforq Jack-up, S@ or Ship
- La@
- Dtierent mobilization and rig up operations
- Different BOP stack Positiou MalIatiow
and
casing
Program
:%%%%%%~?!~tiaee,
3 Protective, and
Production strings
- Strings can be ~ surface, line~ or tied-back iiners
-_
identdiea need for underreaming
- Pdot hole can be specified
Other Well Plan Data
-@S@JP- Core points and length
- Multiple contirigen~ fhctor optiona
- Ream@ on tri~ hole conditiordqg and problem
-%%%%
RISK
... AND ECONOMICS EVALUATION IN DRILLING OPE~TIO;iS
A
-.
BasicDrillingProcedure
-Tri inwithnewbit
- Dn% to next depth point or to joint down
- Checlqand if need~ run surveyor wiper trip
- Check bit life used. When bit is dulLtri out
- %doug
catchup on rig seMce, do & P test if
- If on a long bit rum force trip out for BOP test
when overdue
LoggingProcedure
- Rig u to log
- Run rogs until maximum allowable time out of
hole is reached
- Rig down
- Makea clean-out trip
- Repeat procedure until all logs are run
- Trips ed
- CircuPsting before trips
- W@ trip internal
- Wiper trip time
- Connection time
- Reami~ time per joint for mud motor run
- Wiper tnp intemd for horizontal section
Ilner Procedure
- Liner hanger make-up
- Run-in on drillpipe
: Setetey$ler
-Pull drillpi
- Calculate Pead time based on WOC and trip time
- Drill cement
- Optional squeeze top of liner
- Dress top of liner
- Lay down /pick up drillpipe
- Clean out reside
- Nipple-up time not added
- gent
DATAREQUIRED
Prior to developing the modeling pro an$ it was known
from personal experience that detail$ accuratetimeestimate could be
nemted (and were beinq ge~mted
dail ) based on reYativeiy few rule of thumb estimating
iJ dimes- These daily forecasts were used for scheduling
Yogisties and setting daily targets. Since operations were
already beii managed by these guideit followsthat
the same numbers should eld reasonable results in the
modeling rogr~ and in ract the progmm wa.. designed
to use suc{,numbers.
- Nipple up
- cleanout
Pilot Hole procedure
- Drill conventionally
- Lay down drill ipe (unless Top Drive in use)
- Redrill interv8 to final hole sw
The time for each o~ration is determined from input data
and calculations. Tune parameters includw
The validity of this datum has been proven by the fact that
many of the original time parameters entered three years
ago are still in use. To date, several hundred cases have
been run on all typa of wells throughout the world It is
an irn rtant point that excellent results are obtained using
only r e data that already exists in the minds of ddlling
operations personnel.
In most ~
the same general data ia reused with some
Mk&dtilystments to match performance of offset wel&
L performance has been matched in detail in
several case4 by manually @just@ pm
*t
~~
There is no known case of time parameters being determined by extraction from a eomputeriaed driUing data
base, ~knotmmytitm~mmer~hmt~donlythatit haanotprovento be~tiuti.
liner settin%
As an example of the
the progmmj here is how
culations as a result of c
from 31 feet (9.45mete
Tie-back Rocedure
- Can tie back a drilling liner or production liner
- All appropriate liner operations included
~~lu~~;back Stli~
IADC/SPE 19931
.,M
LnPlcmi!
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WTT.T.TS-----L
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- --------
I
It is not only unimportant to exactly redict drilling time it is absolutely impossible. But it I!? possible to set up a
model that realistically reflects the change in time and cost
that would result in a real well for the given cases.
CONCLUSIONS
The use clf detaUed modeling of driU operations for
% effectivewith
time and cc..t analysishas been proven to
the benefiti. of increase speed of analysii bette; quaUty
resul% and improved acceptance of recommendations.
EXAMPLES
It adds a new
ility to thoroughly evaluate complex
drillingprogramT ternatives.
In an existing field, a re Iacernent well is to be drilled.
The closest platform (#1 Y is 3,300 feet away, but a slot
would be very e~nsive. Another platform (#2) has a slot
available, but it M8,800 feet away. The weUsare gravel
acked so the angle throup the pay is preferred to be
L low 45 degrees. The objective is to determine the cost
to drill from each platform and check the cost to reduce
the angIeto 45 degrees.
The increased cost to driU the well from the farthest platform is $1#50,000 if a Top Drive is used, $1,642,000]f no
Top Drive is used.
REFERENCES
, and Frederick M., Howto Estimate WeU
~
(December 6, 13, and 27,
, PennWell
2. Moore, P. L, ~
Book+ ThIs& 1974.
3. Millheixq K K, and Hu
R. L, The Enginee
Simulator for DriUing r) art I, SPE P rl~~
Presented at the 58th Annual Technical z
(San Franciso, 1983).
The total time to run all six cases was less than 15minutes.
Additional time would be s nt veriijb$ the data and
results and preparing the resuYts for transrmttal.
1
m
IADC/SPE 19931
APPENDIX
HOLESECTIONS
Conductor 1
~;d~dor2
Protective 1
Protective 2
Protective 3
Production
Completion
OPERATIONS GROUPS
Mobiliition
Ri$ Up
Drive Conductor
Drilling
Ro
Mud
% otor Drilling
Steerable Mud Motor Drilling
(%
Wire
? neRetrievable Coring
Horizontal Build Seetion
Horizontal T~ent Section
Horizontal SectIonRun
Expected Trouble
Abaridonment
Rigdown
Demobilization
INCREMENTAL OPERATIONS
ratiom
Drilling
Make-up HA
Drifl Mud Plug in andu~or
Chulate
Connection
Drilling&Connections
Trip In
~: out
{
Ream Drilled Hole
Wiper Trip
Rig Service
Stiey
Orient Mud Motor
Ream Mud Motor Hole
Get Bore Protector
Set Bore Proteetor
Test BOP Stack
pkk U Mud Motor
Mud i otor Drilliig
Steerable Mud Motor Drilling
Retrieve MWD Log Data
Retrieve Wire Line Core
:~~~~
Core Barrel
1Mobilization
JackUp Transit
iFloater Transit
set Anchors
BallastDown
Pre-SkidPreparation
Skid RiQ
Jack U
Land I?ig MfRU
Set TemrJGuide Base
SurveyC%nductor
!
Lo ng
Ri:n
% &: Log
Rig DownLoggers
CasingInstallation
Drive Conductor
Rig U Permanent Guide Base
Make b p Casing Han er
Make Up Subsea Welfhead
Run Riser
Pull Riser
N~ppleDowrIDiverter
~~%!.l~w+onp
Run
Make Up% er Hanger
Set Liner Hmer
Set Subsea Htiger
Set Subsea Packoff
kRiup~m~nlent
Diap1
ace Cement
Wmt On Cement
Nipple U Diverter
Prepare {ubaea BOP Stack
Nipple U Stack
Squeem $ op of Liner
DreaaTop of Iiner
Lay Down Drill Pipe
Pick Up Drill Pipe
Change Out Mud in Hole
Clean Mud Tanks
Final Surve
Extra Trou{ le
Completion / Tea~
Prepare Production Casing for Completion
Run Cased Hole Logs
WweLine Perforate
~~p~b~oduetion Zone
Y ree
Nipple Up
Inmal FIowPeriod
Stimulation
Final Flow Period
Finish Completion
Demobilization Abandonment:
Cut~t~
Wedhead
pull Anchors
I.AyDown Conductor
Jack Down
Wg Down Move Out
Cut CSaing
Pull Caaii
Run Retainer on Wire Line
Set Retainer on Drill Pipe
PUmDCement Plug
SE%19931
TABLE
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
~~
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
OPERATION
MMDrlg &Conn
Circulate
Trip @t
Trip In
MM Drlg &Conn
Trip Out
Make up BHA
Trip In
Drlg &Conn
Survey
Drlg &Conn
Circulate
Trip out
Rig Service
Trip In
Drlg &Conn
Circulate
Trip Out
Rig Up Tongs
Run Casing
Rig Up to Cement
Circulate
Pump Cement
Displace Cement
Rig Service
Nipple Up Stack
Stack Test
Make up BHA
Trip In
Test Casing
Drill Cement
Circulate
Run PIT (LOT)
END DEPTH
HOURS
2808.
14.71
2808.
.62
2808.
2.57
2308.
1.91
3439
6.92
3439.
3.01
3439
4.00
3439
2.20
3997.
3.23
3997.
.17
4255.
1.68
4255.
.95
4255.
3.58
4255.
,95
4255.
2.59
4633.
2.43
4633.
1,03
4633.
3.85
4633.
2.00
4632:
11.03
4633.
1.OO
4633.
1.93
4633.
2.3~
4633.
1.19
4633.
.63
4633.
24.00
4633.
6.00
463? ~
4.00
4633.
2.76
4633.
,50
4633.
1.00
4633.
1.03
4633.
50
CUM DAYS
cUM HRS
3.68
88.3
3.70
88.9
3.81
91.5
3.89
93.4
4.18
100.3
4.30
103.3
4.47
107.3
4.56
109.5
4.70
112.8
4.70
112.9
4.78
114.6
4.81
115.5
4.96
119.1
5.00
120.1
5.11
122.7
5.21
125.1
5.26
126.1
5.42
130.0
5 50
132.0
5.96
143.0
6.00
144.0
6.08
145.9
6.18
148.3
6.23
M:.:
6.26
7.26
174:1
7.51
180.1
7.67
184.1
7.79
186.9
7.81
187.4
7.85
188*4
7.89
189.4
7.91
189.9
TABLE 2
EXAHPLE 1: DIRECTIOWL
PROFILE
PLATFORM 2
DAYS
COST
Build &kiold
DrOp A@@
Drop Angle Savings:
78.2
71.5
6.7
$6,051,000
$ 5,)52,000
$
299,000
193
TABLE 3
EXANPLE 1: TOP DRIVE
ECONOMICS
Platform 1
Platform 2
Total Cost
51.0
$4,110,000
71.5
$5,752,000
48.2
$4,000,000
67.3
$5,550,000
~OJOP
DRIVE:
202,:6:
3,000
TABLE 4
EXANPLE 2: DRILLING
Mel1 Depth
Protective Hole:
EVALUATION
12,000 feet
1,225 feet to 10,000 feet
FLUID
Inhlbitivellud
0
Q
0
o.%
$142,000
l.%
$180,000
34.3
$897,000
.
30.1
$888,000
$
9,000