Conversion of toluene to p-xylene,

Toluene
kmol
TolueneToluene out
molar of pXylene produce (
), =

hr
In PFD ,
CRV-100,

41619.4
416

=0.95 16101, eexylene ,

CRV-101,

19.418.5
19.4

=0.05
Heuristic
Pump
1. P-100
Rule 1: power(kW)= (1.67) [(Flow(m3/min)] P(bar)/
Rules 4-7: type of pump based on head
=0.95
Flow(m3/min) = 44.06/60 = 0.734
Density of Toluene (kg/m3) = 867
P(bar) = 939.5-101.3 = 838.2 = 8.38
Head = P/g = 99m
Fluid Pumping Power = (1.67)(0.734)(8.38) = 10.27kW
Power (shaft power) = (10.27/0.95) = 10.81kW = 38916 kJ/hr = Q1

2. P-101
Rule 1: power(kW)= (1.67) [(Flow(m3/min)] P(bar)/
Rules 4-7: type of pump based on head
=0.95
Flow(m3/min) = 4.188/60 = 0.0698
Density of (kg/m3) = 792
P(bar) = 911.9-101.3 = 8.1
Head = P/g = 104m
Fluid Pumping Power = (1.67)(0.0698)(8.1) = 0.944kW
Power (shaft power) = (10.27/0.95) = 0.99kW = 3564 kJ/hr = Q3

3. P-103
Rule 1: power(kW)= (1.67) [(Flow(m3/min)] P(bar)/
Rules 4-7: type of pump based on head
=0.95
Flow(m3/min) = 30.32/60 = 0.51
Density of (kg/m3) = 1000
P(bar) = 866 101.3 = 7.65
Head = P/g = 78m
Fluid Pumping Power = (1.67)(0.52)(7.65) = 6.64kW
Power (shaft power) = (6.64/0.95) = 6.99kW = 25164 kJ/hr = Q14

4. P-104
Rule 1: power(kW)= (1.67) [(Flow(m3/min)] P(bar)/
Rules 4-7: type of pump based on head
=0.95
Flow(m3/min) = 122/60 = 2.03
Density of (kg/m3) = 0.0199(867)+0.98(1000)+0.0001(1.25) = 997.25
P(bar) = 856 324.1 = 531.9 =5.32
Head = P/g = 54.4m

Fluid Pumping Power = (1.67)(2.03)(5.32) = 18.04kW

Power (shaft power) = (18.04/0.95) = 18.99kW = 68364kJ/hr = Q13

Piping
Rule 4: Control valves require at least 0.69bar(10 psi) drop for good control.
Rule 5: Globe valves are used for gases, for control and wherever tight shutof
is required. Gate valves are for most other services.
Compressor
1. K-100

[( ) ]
a

m z1 R T 1

Rule 2:

W rev adiab=

P2
1
P1

=0.95
m (kmol/s) = 0.35
P1 (bar) = 1.013, P2 = 8.56
R = 8.314
Z= 1
T1 (K) = 298
a=

k1
=
k

0.2908

K = 1.41 (assume)

[( )

8.56
1.013
0.2908

0.35 (1 )( 8.314 )( 298 )

W rev adiab=

0.2908

W rev adiab=2564.72 kW
Wact = 2564.72/0.95 = 2699.71kW = 9718956 kJ/hr =Q5
2. K-101
Rule 2:

m z1 R T 1
W rev adiab=

[( ) ]
P2 a
1
P1

=0.95
m (kmol/s) = 12.81
P1 (bar) = 3.58, P2 = 8.56
R = 8.314
Z= 1
T1 (K) = 309.43
a=

k1
=
k

0.2908

K = 1.41 (assume)

12.81 ( 1 ) ( 8.314 ) ( 309.43 )

W rev adiab=

[( )
8.56
3.58

0.2908

0.2908

W rev adiab=32697.65 kW
Wact = 32697/0.95 = 34418.58kW = 1.239069e+8 kJ/hr =Q11

Tower
T-100
Table 11.13
Rule 5: optimum reflux in the range of 1.2-1.5Rmin
Rule 6: optimum number of stages approximately 2Nmin
Rule 7: Nmin= ln{[x/(1-x)]ovhd/[x/(1-x)bot}/ln
Rule 8: Rmin={F/D}/(-1)
Rule 9: use a safety factor of 10% on number trays.
Rule 14: Lmax=53m and L/D < 30
Table 11.14
Rule 2: Fs= uv0.5=1.2->1.5 m/s(kg/m3)0.5
Rule 4: tray=60-90%
Xovhd= 0.996, Xbot=0.0001, ovhd= 2.44, bot= 2.13, geom ave = ( ovhd bot)0.5= 2.28
Nmin= ln{[0.996/(1-0.996)]ovhd/[0.0001/(1-0.0001)bot}/ln2.28 = 17.87
Rmin= {513.5/410}/(2.28-1) = 0.98
Range of R = (1.2 -> 1.5) 0.98 = 1.18 -> 1.47

Ntheoretical = (2)(17.87) = 36
tray= 0.6
Nactual= (36/0.6)(0.98) = 59 trays
v= 6.1kg/m3
U= (1.2->1.5)/6.10.5 = 0.49 -> 0.60 m/s
Vapour flowrate = 48660 kg/h
Volume flowrate, v = 56.02 m3/h
Dtower= [4v/u]0.5= [4(56.02)/3.142(0.49->0.60]0.5=12.06->10.90m
P = 59(0.007bar)= 0.413 bar