Sustainable Tourism Development (Special Reference On Haft Gumbaz)

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
(SPECIAL REFERENCE ON HAFT GUMBAZ)
APOORVA
Introduction:
Gulbarga is located in the northeastern part of the state of Karnataka, in the southern
region of India. It is 663 km from Bangalore and 214 km from Hyderabad. It is a Major District
and fourth biggest City of Karnataka State. It was the capital of the Bahamani Kingdom which
ruled this region. The district was formerly part of Hyderabad state and most of the district
became a part of Mysore state (later Karnataka) in 1956. The entire district is situated in Deccan
Plateau.
Gulbarga, the district and divisional head-quarters was formerly in the Nizam's state, and was the
first capital of the Bahman’s from 1347. The two main rivers are krishna and Bhima which flows
through here. Gulbarga was known as 'KALBURGI' in former days which mean stony land in
Kannada.
History
The city has historic and glorious past and also has an immense tourist attraction. History of
Gulbarga dates back to the 6th century when the Rashtrakutas gained control over the area,but
the Chalukyas regained their domain and reigned for over two hundred years. The Kalachuri who
succeeded them ruled till the 12th century. Around the close of the 12th century the Yadavas of
Devagiri and the Hoysalas of Halebidu took control of the district. About the same period the
Kakatiya dynasty kings of Warangal came into prominence. The present Gulbarga District and
Raichur District formed part of their domain.
The Kakatiya power was subdued in 1321, and the northern Deccan, including the district of
Gulbarga, passed under the control of the Muslim Sultanate of Delhi. The revolt of the Muslim
officers appointed from Delhi resulted in founding of the Bahmani Sultanate in 1347 by Hassan
Gangu, who chose Gulbarga to be his capital. When the Bahmani dynasty came to an end, the
kingdom broke up into the five independent Deccan sultanates, Bijapur, Bidar, Berar,
Ahmednagar and Golconda. The present Gulbarga district came partly under Bidar and partly
P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 1

under Bijapur. With the conquest of the Deccan by Aurangezeb in the 17th Century, control of
Gulbarga passed to the Mughal Empire. In the early part of the 18th Century, when Mughal
Empire was declining, Asaf Jah I, a general of Aurangzeb, became independent and formed state
of Hyderabad in which a major part of Gulbarga area was also included.
In 1948 Hyderabad state was annexed to the newly-independent Indian Union, and in 1956 the
Indian state of Hyderabad was partitioned among neighboring states along linguistic lines. Most
of Gulbarga district became part of Mysore state, later renamed Karnataka, excluding two taluks
which were annexed to Andhra Pradesh.
Gulbarga has 10 Talukas, they are Aland, Gulbarga, Sedam, Afzalfur, Shahapur, Chincholi,
Yadagiri, Jewargi, Surapur and Chittapur. Gulbarga district is lies on the border of Maharastra
and Andra Pradesh.
The city flourished during the rule of Nizams. Modern buildings were built, Roads and Railways
were laid, and the city was beautified with gardens.
The District was under the rule of Nizam’s of Hyderabad before independence. The district has
a rich background of knowledge and culture. The existence of university at Nagavi in Chitapur,
Vignaneeshwara’s Mitakshara, Nrupatunga’s Kavirajamarga and the religious and social
revolution led by Shiv- sharanas and the Sufi saint Banda Nawaz are all evidence of it.
However, due to erratic rainfall and continuous occurrence of droughts in the 19th century the
life of the people was never smooth and secure. Further during the Nizam’s period, the district
could not develop due to the negligence and inefficient administration. The distance was also a
factor contributing to it. Thus it was one of the most backward districts when it joined the old
Mysore State (Fact Finding Committee 1954).
The legacy of Gulbarga was that, the origin of HyderAli (who shiate Muslim) was from
Gulbarga (Ahsannagar, that time called), his grandfather is fakir from Gulbarga. His father
worked in Kolar as a taxman (under the Bahamani kingdom).

The region also has produced famous poet, philosopher and founder of Carnatik music,
Purandara Dasa under Vijaynagar Empire. Gulbarga has produced another famous saint, Shri
Sharanabasaveshwara, in 19th century.
In the year 2009 January an excavation in Gulbarga they have unearthed a rare sculptural portrait
of Ashoka the Great. The portrait was found at the excavation site of a Buddhist stupa belonging
to the first and second century AD at a village called Kanganahalli in Chittapur taluk.
In the portrait the King is accompanied by his wife and attended by chauri bearers. There is a
single lined inscription by the sculptor carved as "Rayo Asoko" meaning King Ashoka. This is
the first inscribed image of Ashoka to be discovered in India.
Ashoka belonged to the Maurya dynasty was one of the greatest emperors to rule most of present
India from 273 BC to 232 BC. Archaeological experts say that the discovery goes a long way in
understanding not just the lifestyle of Ashoka, but also early sketches of Buddhist art in the state.
The main tourist attractions in the town of Gulbarga are the monuments belonging to the
erstwhile Bahmani rulers. Gulbarga fort is an important tourist spot. It was originally built by
Raja Gulchand, a feudatory of the Orangal Kakatiyas. As Gulbarga gained prominence as the
Bahmani capital, the fort was fortified by Alauddin Bahman.
This fort has 15 towers. Though the fort is in ruins, it still reflects some of its past glory. The
fort includes the Jama Masjid, said to have been built by a Moorish architect from Spain in the
late 14th century on the lines of the great Cordoba Mosque in southern Spain. Other places of
interest within the town are the imposing tombs of the Bahamani rulers, the Haft Gumbaz, the
tomb of Khwaja Bande Nawaz and the Sharana Basaveshwara temple.
Gulbarga does not have an airport of its own. As Gulbarga is on the main Mumbai-Bangalore
line, a number of express trains are available from here. There are a number of trains for
Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Kochi. Gulbarga is well connected with different parts of
Karnataka. There is good bus service from Gulbarga to Bidar (3 hours) and Bijapur (3 hours).
Night buses are available for Bangalore and Hyderabad.

1.2 Objectives
1. To know the history and geography of Gulbarga and Bahamani dynasty.
2. To study the history and geography of Haft Gumbaz.
3. To study the features of the Haft Gumbaz.
4. To study about Haft Gumbaz and Sustainable tourism at the monument.
5. To study the concept of Sustainable tourism development at Haft Gumbaz.
6. To know the importance of Sustainable tourism at Haft Gumbaz.
7. To know the need of Sustainable tourism.
8. To create the awareness about sustainable tourism development at the monument.
9. To study the benefits of Sustainable tourism development concept to the local

community.
10. To deeply study about the conservation and preservation activity.

1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The present study is both historical and analytical one. For the present
study data is collected by observing the Monuments, and other available sources at Haft
Gumbaz.
The secondary data is collected from State archives, Tourism department

publications, Journals, Articles, Internet and Travel & Tourism magazines etc.
1.4 Limitations:-
As per my project, it is concerned with the Sustainable Tourism

development at Haft Gumbaz. My project study is limited up to the geographical area of Haft
Gumbaz only and this project report consist the study made on the Haft Gumbaz and Sustainable
tourism at the monument and develop Haft Gumbaz as sustainable tourist site.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
2.1 A Brief History
THE BAHMANI DYNASTY OF THE DECCAN
Between the period 1343 AD and 1351 AD, during the region of Muhammad-bin-
Tughluq a series of revolts resulted in the vast empire being divided into numerous independent
provinces.
An Afghan or Turkish officer of the Delhi Sultan named Hassan assumed the title of Bahman
Shah and after occupation of Daulatabad in the Deccan proclaimed independence. He was also
known as Alauddin - I, the founder of the Bahmani dynasty.
His capital was at Gulbarga which was also called as Hassanabad after the Sultan's name
Hassan. He conquered large part of the Deccan. By 1358 AD his empire included areas near the
west coast , the ports of Goa and Dabhal. Alauddin - I was succeeded by Muhammad Shah I. He
waged wars against the Hindu rulers of Vijayanagar and Warangal. With his policy of subjection
he subdued countless number of rival Hindu rulers, and accumulated vast treasures. He
administered the provinces by yearly tours and was advised by a group of eight ministers. Thus
he set a pattern of administration for the Bahmani kingdom.
He was succeeded by Alauddin Mujahid who ruled for 3 years before, being murdered by his
cousin brother Duad, which resulted in a civil war. Ahmad Shah ascended the throne in 1422
after deposing Firoz who was the eighth Sultan who ruled from 1397 AD to 1422 AD. He
attacked Vijayanagar and resorted to brutal subjection of his opponents who resisted his attacks.
Peace was concluded with Vijayanagar. Ahmad Shah also fought against the Sultan of Malwa
and Gujarat and the Hindu chiefs of the Konkan. It was during his reign that the capital of the
Bahamani kingdom was shifted to Bidar, also called Ahmedabad. Ahmad Shah was succeeded
by his eldest son Alauddin II who ruled from (1435-57 AD). He was succeeded by Humayun
who ruled from (1451-1461 AD). He pursued a cruel policy of subjection and brutal punishments
till he was succeeded by Muhammad Shah III, who ruled from (1463-1482 AD) assisted by his
able minister Khwaja Mahmud Gawan. A series of conquest followed which involved capture of

the strong fortress of Belgaum in 1473 AD and recovery of Goa in 1472 AD from the rulers of
the Vijayanagar empire. It was during his rule that the famine of Bijapur befell over the Deccan
in 1473 AD. Kanchipuram was raided in the course of the campaign against Vijayanagar in 1481
AD. In 1482 AD Khwaja Mahmud Gawan was murdered and
Mahmud Shah succeeded to the throne in 1482 AD and ruled till 1518 AD. During his reign the
provincial governors declared their independence and set up five separate kingdoms.
The Imad shahi Dynasty of Berar. This consisted of the northern part of the Bahamani Kingdom.
The Shahi Dynasty of Berar lasted for four generations till 1574 AD. The Imad shahi Dynasty of
Berar The Barid Shahi dynasty was governed by the Barid Shahi Sultans. It was established in
1492 AD by Qasim Barid the minister of Mahmud Shah Bahamani. This dynasty lasted till 1619
AD when it was annexed by Bijapur.
Bahmani Kings of Gulbarga and Bidar:
According to Islamic historians, a rebel chieftain of Saulatabad (an area around Ellora)
which was under Muhammad Bin Tughalaq, founded the Bahamani kingdom. Allauddin
Hassan, a man of humble origin assumed the name of Gangu Bahamani in memory of his patron,
a brahmin. His kingdom comprised of Deccan plateau, including parts of present day Karnataka,
Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh. Bahamanis of Deccan left a important heritage of Indo-Islamic
art, language, and spread of Islamic tradition in South India.
About eighteen kings ruled during the nearly 200 years after which the kingdom got divided
into four smaller ones like Barishahi (Bidar), Kutbshahi (of Golconda), Adamshahi( of
Ahmadnagar), and Adilshahi (of Bijapur). In the field of architecture, the Bahamanis paved way
for the distinct style by inviting architects from Persia, Turkey, and Arabia and blended it with
local styles. Hazrat Banda Nawaz (1321 - 1422 CE) the great Sufi saint was patronized by the
Bahamani kings and his Dargah of Gulbarga is a place of pilgrimage for Hindus and Muslims
alike.

Mahmud Gawan arrived in Bidar from Persia in 1453. A great scholar of Islamic lore, he
founded the Madarassa (college) from his own funds on the line of Universities of Samarkhand
and Khorasan. A selefless worker, he became a prime-minister of Bahamani king Mahmud III
(1462- 82) whom he tutored in earlier days. But Gawan became a victim of the palace intrigue
and was beheaded by the drunken king. The later kings of the Bahamani dynasty were too weak
to keep the kingdom in tact, and this led to the breakup.
2.2 HAFT GUMBAZ
Haft Gumbaz or Seven Domes is a mausoleum of the Bahamani Dynasty and is located in
Gulbarga, Karnataka. Situated on the eastern outskirts of Gulbarga, this magnificent tomb
extends from east to west. The tombs include that of Mujahid Shah, Daud shah, Ghiyath al Din
Shah and Shams al Din Shah. This is a mausoleum of the Bahamani royal family situated on the
eastern outskirts of Gulbarga and it extends from east to west. From the west, Mujahid Shah (3rd
Bahamani Sultan/1375-78), and Daud Shah (4th B.S./1378). To the northeast of these are
Ghiyath al-Din Shah (6th B.S./1397), and Shams al-Din Shah (7th B.S./1397). To the southeast
of these is Firuz Shah (8th B.S./1397-1422), and to the south and northeast there are some
anonymous tombs.
Features:
1. It sports the south Indian tomb style of the early ages.
2. The entrance is small, thick walls surround the interior and there is half circular tomb
crowned on top.
3. The mausoleum externally measures (48 by 24 meters) with two domes.
4. There are a total of four entrances, two to the north and south and two windows, one to the
east and the other to the west.
5. The base of the tomb is decorated with a foliage motif in relief, while the merlons are shaped
in a foliage motif.

6. It is a two tier with high arches.
a) TOMB OF MUJAHID SHAH
　Tombs of seven rulers after the middle period of the Bahamani

Dynasty were built in the outskirts of Gulbarga, separated from the
tombs of two predecessors. From the number of tombs, this place
has been called "Haft Gumbaz" or "Seven Domed Architecture".
On the south side of a narrow road, there are nine tombs including
two which are anonymous. This tomb of the 3rd sultan (1375-78)
remains at the west end of the tombs in this area. The tomb is built
on a low but a large basement, crowned by a dome and having 3
arch-shaped entrances in different sizes on each wall except the
west and the north. It is a tomb with considerable dignity, built on
a Bahamani style square plan.
b) TOMB OF DAUD SHAH
　This tomb of the 4th sultan, who was in reign for less than one
year in 1378, remains on the east side of the above tomb. This is
one of the examples of a special feature octagonal tombs built in
Haft Gumbaz, having two connected square buildings on the same
basement. Probably because he was a minor sultan, his tomb is
smaller in scale compared to the above tomb of the 8th sultan.
　c) TOMBS OF SHAMS AL-DIN & GIYATH AL-DIN

　This tomb is built as if it is connected with the tomb of Giyath

al-Din, sharing the same basement and two tombs show various
similarities. However, the gentle inclination of the walls is more
prominent in this tomb. Like the above tomb, it shows significant
influence from buildings in the Delhi Tughluq period. This young
puppet sultan, Shams al-Din was also forced to step down from
the throne due to an internal strife. After he was made blind, he
was allowed to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca, but he died there.
Tomb of Giyath al- Din
　It is a domed tomb built on a square plan on a low basement. It

has a battlement at the edge and small towers at the four corners of
the roof. On the same basement on the east side, there is tomb of
his son Shams al-Din Bahaman built with nearly the same style.
Giyath al-Din became the 6th sultan in 1397 but he was in power
for only 1 month and 26 days. He was made blind and forced to
step down from the throne. At the double-arched entrance, there is
a screen of Jali; despite of his tragic life, his tomb looks more
splendid than tombs of the other sultans.
　d) TOMB OF FIROZ SHAH BAHAMAN

　 Firoz, who became sultan succeeding Shams al-Din in 1397,

was divested of his throne by his younger brother Ahmad Khan
just before his death. In the history of Bahaman power, he can be
seen as the last ruler in Gulbarga. In fact, his tomb looks most
majestic among all tombs built in Haft Gumbaz, as if to reflect his
position. This tomb, built in Tughluq style with two domes, is not
two independent buildings adjacent to each other, unlike the tombs
of his predecessors in two generations. It is a single building of
extended walls, like the one of his predecessors, Sultan Daud
Shah, back three generations.
This rectangular building has a total of 6 openings, two on the north and south sides and one in
the east and west sides. The walls are divided into two tiers in all directions. All arch-shaped
niches in the upper part form openwork windows. The lower part of the walls, having a double-
arch- shaped entrance surrounded by windows of jali screen, also has double-arch-shaped niches
like the upper part. The south entrance, seeming to be the front, has a prominent structure and
decorations. The arch-shaped entrances and the upper part of the niches are decorated with a
circular pattern, giving dignity to this building. The mihrab in the west side, lines of arch-shaped
niches and squinches inside of the tomb chamber show a more complex form and display more
excellence than other mausoleums in this region. It is assumed to have been built in 1422.
2.3 Concept of sustainable tourism Development
As we humans become more aware of our impact on the Earth and its life support
systems, we increasingly look for examples of sustainable and community development other
than unconstrained growth. Some have argued that gross national product or per capital income
are incomplete measures of well-being. These measures may not accurately portray the
distribution of sustainable benefits among people, they do not faithfully capture important
quality of life factors, and they do not measure the temporal or social distribution of existing
and anticipated costs and benefits of resources development programs for both present and
future generation.

Many argue for the development of sustainable economies as the new guidepost to
deal with issues of growth, and community development, and environmental protection.
Sustainable growth and natural resource development will help communities use natural
resources more prudently and sensitively than in the past and ensure their continued survival.
Sustainability contains the appeal of an attractive model for action but is difficult to
implement practically or operationally. Sustainability is often associated with such terms as
“sustainable development”, “sustainable management”, “sustainable agriculture”, “sustainable
forestry”, and “sustainable tourism”, “In the tourism and recreation context, it is frequently
associated with discussion of sustainable tourism”.
Sustainability has become an attractive ideal for scientist and activist, but operational
details, objectives, or action provide by advocates are scarce. The sustainability debate involves
“how to perceive the goal and how to measure progress toward it “Sustainability, was
originally a biophysical concept i.e. now being applied in a social and policy context,
contributing to confusion about what is to be sustained and for whom. For example, by
sustainability do we mean sustaining physical outputs, such as board feet of timber or room
occupancy, or do we mean the ecological pattern and processes with the ongoing social,
political, and cultural processes that give communities character and individual security?”
Since the concept of sustainable development was promoted by the Brundtland Report in 1987,
acknowledge by the international community at the Rio Summit in 1992 and taken up again at
the World Summit at sustainable development in Johannesburg in 2002, it has been much
debated at UN and international forums, by academic, scientists, NGOs, public sector
development agencies, and private business.
The concept of sustainable development was always broader and more reaching.
The sustainable development strategies have a number of features:-

 They are developed to move an originations or destination from its current competitive
position to a more desirable future competitive situation.
 They adopt a medium to longer term time frame and that process evolves over a period
of time.
 Their achievement involves vision, objectives, direction and commitment involving all
elements of the organization or destination.
 Success strategy decisions to match the organization’s activities with its resources. In
other words, strategies’ must be based on the current reality.
2.4 Need of sustainable tourism:-
I would like to discuss 4 major issues for need of sustainable tourism
Social-cultural impact:-
In the form of socio-culture impact when tourists from different backgrounds visit need of
sustainable tourism the social and cultural values of the people of that spot gets a bashing. So
much so, tourists also are forced to change their ideas and thoughts after they undertake tour of
long durations. But we are concerned with the social-cultural ethos of the people at or in the
vicinity of the tourist spot. There is no doubt that such changes are inevitable. But ancient
culture, values and social beliefs must be kept intact. These face the threat of extinction once
tourists start pouring in.
The local people would have to be trained to become vital parts of the tourist activities of the
newly developed spot. Haft Gumbaz would also be told to preserve their ancient culture and
historical heritage, art, architecture etc. the government does not want the local people to lose
their cultural identity. At the same time, it wants them to interact with tourists so that they
could learn new techniques of living, earning money and entertaining tourists. Such tourists
would also like to see these local people in their original habitat, untouched yet receptive to
positive changes. So, propagation and not suppression of the local/regional traditions is the key
to the concept of social planning.

Economic impact:-
Local people would demand money from tourists in lieu of services provided by them to the
latter. They could also demand cameras, video cameras, food, cloths, etc. from foreigners. They
would become materialistic and money minded. The tourist spot would certainly leads to
inflow of money and other material assets into that spot. Local people should use the money to
upgrade their living standards. But they must not hanker after money or gadgets simply because
visitors have plenty of them.
Physical impact:-
The development of a tourist spot would changes its landscape. All the necessary elements of
infrastructure would be provided. The spot would eventually become a large city. Such changes
are inevitable. However, old monuments, mosques and all the heritage places must be retained
in the new set-up. Care should be taken to reduce pollution levels to the minimum possible
values, lest the tourists should start avoiding the destination. Urban growth always comes along
with environmental decay. So, the local authorities should import strict norms in the context of
environmental control, pollution of rivers and lakes, over use of natural materials and
exploitation of the nature at the spot. Tourists should also not pollute the environment of the
spot.
Tourism carrying capacity:-
Every tourist spot has a carrying capacity. This capacity refers to the maximum numbers of
tourists that it can accommodate at one point of time.
According to cooper etal, tourism carrying capacity is “the level of tourist presence, which
creates impacts on the host community, environment and economy that are acceptable to both
tourists and hosts and sustainable over future time periods”.
The environment and ecology of the spot would have to be preserved. If this were not done; the
spot would fall into discus sooner or later. Natural environments, mosques, tombs and heritage
sites are vulnerable to decay due to arrivals of tourists at these places.

So by seeing the above impacts one can understand that sustainable development is needed in
order to avoid problems to the tourist, local people and the NGO’s which are the main source
for the sustainable tourism development at Haft Gumbaz.
This concept, needs for sustainable tourism helps to minimize the impacts on the destination,
tourist as well as the local people in order to carry on the tourism work properly for which
benefits the tourism destination and the tourist.
2.5 Sustainable tourism development at Haft Gumbaz:-
Sustainable tourism as we all are aware that it’s the process of conserving and protecting
monuments for both present and future generation so that the rich Heritage, Culture, and
Traditions should be known to the up coming generation people.
So here Haft Gumbaz a historical monument consisting of seven domes which are of national
importance should be preserved carefully because this Haft Gumbaz a tourist spot have a rich
history, culture and heritage value to be conserved for future generations also.
Now a day’s tourism is recognized as one of the world’s main economic activities. Tourism as
a major impact on the local community and stakes also leads to the recognition of the tourism
sectors needs to incorporate the principles of sustainable tourism development at Haft Gumbaz.
The local agenda process involves using the stakeholder group and working groups to identify
issues, agree on an overall vision, identify strategy priorities, and establish an action program at
Haft Gumbaz. The process requires time and carefully consultation. Tourism should be
considered alongside all other issues relating to sustainable development at Haft Gumbaz. The
relative level of priorities given to tourism will vary from place to place, depending on factors
such as the current of importance to the tourism to the economy, the area’s resources, and the
desires and aspirations of the community for sustainable tourism development at Haft Gumbaz.
This is likely to influence how tourism is treated with in the Sustainability and local community
strategy.
Some option include:-

 Developing a local agenda/strategy for the area of which sustainable tourism is the
dominant component.
 Developing a local agenda/strategy that contains some policies and actions for
sustainable tourism. In both the cases, there are aspects of the whole local agenda
strategy that have bearing on tourism, no just those that are specifically identified as
tourism policies or as actions.
 Creating separate sustainable tourism strategies and local agenda or strategy, but
ensuring that they take close account of each other in the way they are formed and
implemented.
While the strategy for sustainable tourism should be integrated into the overall sustainable
development strategy, and be developed through a participatory processes involving stake
holder, it is also important that it is based on the sound analyses and frame work.
This should include:-
 An assessment of the area’s socio-economic and environmental circumstances and

needs and of how tourism can relate to these.
 An audit of resources and facilities for tourism and cultural resources, and an
assessment of their strength and weakness.
 An analysis of existing and potential future markets.
 An assessment of existing and potential problems and opportunities brought by

tourism, including the environmental performance of tourism businesses.

 A long term vision of tourism in the destination at some future point.

 A set of strategic objectives.
 A set of measurable targets and indicators.
 An action plan, including an indication of resources and responsible players.
 An identifiable process for monitoring and review.
2.6 Role of Local Authorities in Sustainable tourism at Haft Gumbaz :-
Traditionally, tourism development has depended on initiatives taken by the private sector.
In many regions local authorities have not been closely involved in tourism and have little
experience of its planning, development and management. In recent years this has been
changing, and the key role of local authorities is now recognized.
So local authorities have an important role in sustainable tourism development at Haft

Gumbaz. They are as follows:
a) The complexity of the tourism sector, where it is the consumer who is brought to the
product and not the other way round, as happens with most other goods and
services.
b) Increasing awareness that tourists select and respond to destinations, not just
individual products. The visitors experience is made up of a complex range of
elements including expectations, transport, information, accommodation,
attractions, activities, local infrastructure, natural environments, cultural heritage, a
welcoming host population, security and other services.

c) The disparate nature of the private sector in tourism, much of which comprises small
and micro enterprises.
d) Acceptance that, in the interest of sustainability, public authorities need to be
involved in regulating tourist development in destinations, and not simply leaving it
up to the laws of the market.
e) The trends towards administrative decentralization under way in many regions,
which increase the ability of local authority, intervene.
2.7 Role of sustainability in local people development
Local sustainability –this is designed to benefit local communities and generate/ retain income
in those communities
a. The community should maintain control over tourism development.

b. Tourism should provide quality employment to community
Residents.
c. Encourage businesses to minimize negative effects on local communities and

contribute positively to them.
d. Ensure an equitable distribution of financial benefits throughout the entire
supply chain.
e.Provide financial incentives for local businesses to enter tourism at Haft
Gumbaz.
f. Improve local human resources capacity at Haft Gumbaz.
2.8 Conservation and preservation activities at Haft Gumbaz:-
The conservation and preservation activities take place in the two forms

 Structural form
 Chemical form
These are the forms through which the heritage monuments are preserved for future generation
also and for tourism industry also.
Conservation & Preservation the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), as an attached office

under the Department of Culture, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, is the premier organization
for the archaeological researches and protection of the cultural heritage of the Haft Gumbaz.
Maintenance of ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance
is the prime concern of the ASI. Besides it regulates all archaeological activities in the country as
per the provisions of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.
It also regulates Antiquities and Art Treasure Act, 1972.
For the maintenance of ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national
importance the entire country is divided into 24 Circles. The organization has a large work force
of trained archaeologists, conservators, epigraphist, architects and scientists for conducting
archaeological research projects through its Excavation Branches, Prehistory Branch, Epigraphy
Branches, Science Branch, Horticulture Branch, Building Survey Project, Temple Survey
Projects and Underwater Archaeology Wing.
The ‘Ancient Monuments and Preservation Act, 1904’ was passed with the prime objective to
ensure the proper upkeep and repair of ancient buildings in private ownership excepting such as
those used for religious purposes. From the first now on wards therefore many monuments could
be taken up for structural conservation at Gulbarga.
The conservation processes had now become quite formalized and the later workers in the field
were acquiring cumulative knowledge of several generations. Even before Independence, thus,
the Archaeological Survey of India had developed significant expertise so much as that it was
invited for conservation work in other countries.
Take for example of below temple

STRUCTURAL CONSERVATION
Before
After
Although there have been references of conservation of structures way back in the early Historic
Period as evidenced at Junagadh, Gujarat, it was done on structures that were beneficial to the
contemporary society. Even the dawn of vision for the need to preserve monuments for its worth
as a monument, mainly credited to the British was not less haphazard in the earlier times.
Here at Haft Gumbaz also this type of structural preservation should be made in order to preserve
the monument for future also these conservations helps for sustainability of the destination.
Next one is CHEMICAL PRESERVATION

The Archaeological Survey of India’s Science Branch is responsible mainly for the chemical
conservation treatment and preservation of some three thousand five hundred ninety three
protected monuments besides chemical preservation of museum and excavated objects
countrywide.
After
The real challenge before us is to plan the necessary measures of conservation with a view to
assure the survival of these built cultural heritage and unique symbols of our civilizations for
centuries to come, with as little intervention as possible but without altering or modifying in any
way the authenticity of their original character. To ensure the stability as well as proper
conservation of our cultural heritage, there is a need to give more thrust to the scientific research
in conservation options must be based on a preliminary investigation which includes the
knowledge of physical nature of the object (constituent materials, architectural characteristics,
production techniques, state of decay) and of the factors which induce or could induced its

decay. In other words, as in the case of medical study the field of conservation therapy to be
based on a correct diagnosis.
The role of scientific discipline is vital to both these steps of conservation activities.
Accordingly, a specific objective of scientific research activities in conservation being carried
out by the Science Branch is aimed to study:
 Material deterioration process.

 Basic studies of intervention technologies.
 Basic studies on materials.
 Diagnostic technologies.
2.9 GEOGRAPHY
FACTS & FIGURES
Population 427, 929
Best time to visit October-February
Language Kannada and English
STD Codes 08472
Location:
 Gulbarga District is situated between 76°.04' and 77°.42 east longitude, and 16°.12' and
17°.46' north latitude, covering an area of 16,224 square kilometres. The population of
the district is 2.5 million (25 lakh). The district comprises 10 taluks - Kalaburgi, Aland,
Afjalpura, Jevargi, Shoharapur, Shahpur, Yadgir, Sedam, Chitapura, Chincholi.
Climate & Weather:
The climate of the district is generally dry and healthy with temperature ranging from 5ºc in the winter
to 45ºc in the summer, and an annual rainfall of about 750 mm. The weather in Gulbarga constitutes of
3 main seasons. The summer which spans from late February to mid June. It is followed by the south

west monsoon which spans from the late June to late September. It is then followed by dry winter
weather until mid January.
Temperatures during the different seasons are:
 Summer : 44 to 49°C
 Monsoon: 27 to 37 °C
 Winter : 11 to 26 °C
The entire district is situated in Deccan Plateau and the general elevation ranges
from 300 to 750 meters above mean sea level. Two main rivers, Krishna and Bhima, flow in the
district. Black soil is predominant soil type in the district. The district has a large number of
tanks which, in addition to the rivers, irrigate the land. The Upper Krishna Project is major
irrigation venture in the district. Bajra, toor, sugarcane, groundnut, sunflower, sesame, castor
bean, black gram, jowar, wheat, cotton, ragi, bengal gram, and linseed are grown in this district.
Gulbarga is an industrially backward district, but is presently showing signs of growth in the
cement, textile, leather and chemical industries. Gulbarga has a university with medical and
engineering colleges.
Demographics
As of 2001[update] India census Gulbarga had a population of 427,929. Males constitute 52% of
the population and females 48%. Gulbarga has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the
national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 60%. In Gulbarga, 13%
of the population is under 6 years of age.
Kannada and Urdu are the main languages spoken. Hinduism and Islam are principle religions
followed in the city. The Urdu speaking Muslim population is heavily influenced by Hyderabad.
FAIRS & FESTIVALS
The annual Urs festival, held at the tomb of Khwaja Bande Nawaz to commemorate his death
anniversary, and also the Sharanabasaveshwar Rathotsava which takes place for 15 days

commencing from chaitra bahara panchami are the two important festivals of Gulbarga.
Thousands of pilgrims throng Gulbarga during these two festivals.
Cuisine
Tahri : Tahri or Tahari is similar to pulao and is very popular in Gulbarga . Tahri is prepared by
adding the meat to the rice, as opposed to the traditional Biryani where the rice is added to the
meat.
Jolada Rotti: Jolada Rotti is the staple diet of the region. It is prepared from jowar flour. Jolada
Rotti is served with a traditional curry and spiced peanut powder. Generally, the food in
Gulbarga is believed to be very spicy when compared with the rest of the state.
Hoorana Holige : This is a sweet which is a specialty in the place and prepared on all festivals.
It is kind of stuffed pancake. Chickpeas and Jaggery are ground and stuffed into wheat flour and
then cooked. This is served with Mango pulp as a side dish.
2.10 Transportation:
Gulbarga is well connected by road and rail from Bangalore, Mumbai & other major cities.
Local Transport:
Taxis and auto rickshaws are available for getting around the city at fairly reasonable rates.
NEKRTC city buses also ply within the city and also go to the nearby towns and villages.
Long Distance Bus Routes:
KSRTC runs the bus service to other cities and villages. Also there are plenty of private bus
services. The Bidar-Srirangapatna state highway made travel easy to Bangalore, and neighboring
states of Maharashtra, Goa. There are many private services running Volvo buses between
Bangalore-Gulbarga,Mumbai-Gulbarga.

Railways:
Gulbarga is served by a major rail line and is well connected by trains to all major parts of India
such as Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore, Erode, Kanyakumari,
Trivandrum, Nagarcoil, Bhubneshwar, Jodhpur, etc.
Nearest Airport:
Hyderabad Airport is the Nearest Airport to Gulbarga City (225kms)
2.11 Accommodation:
There are only a few hotels in Gulbarga. Whatever accommodation is available is

of cheap and medium quality. Most of the hotels are on the main Station Road.
Hotels/Lodge/Accommodation:
 Sun International 239480/239481/239482
 Center Kamat 222225
 Moghal 222396
 Prashant 221681/222351
 Pariwar 221522/221420/221421
 Santhosh 247991
 Heritage Inn 224093/224094
 Kadamba 241111
 Raj-Rajeshwari Lodge 222880
 Sanman Lodge 222801/423940
 Nagarjun Lodge 222855
 Mohan Lodge 220294
 J.C.P. 228970

2.12 Other attractions:
The Sharana Basaveshwara Temple is a major attraction to both Hindu and Muslim devotees.
This temple is dedicated to an eminent Hindu religious teacher and philosopher, Shri Sharana
Basaveshwara. Dasoha (Giving is earning) and Karma were his basic and simple principles.
Hazrat Khwaja Bande Nawaz Dargah is another major attraction to both Hindu and Muslim
devotees dedicated to the famous Sufi saint who preached understanding, tolerance and harmony.
Thus Gulbarga is known to be a hub of Hindu-Muslim harmony.
Gulbarga's old moated fort is in a much deteriorated state, but it has a number of interesting
buildings inside including the Jama Masjid, reputed to have been built by a Moorish architect
during the late 14th or early 15th century who imitated the great mosque in Cordoba, Spain. The
mosque is unique in India, with a huge dome covering the whole area, four smaller ones at the
corners, and 75 smaller still all the way around. The fort itself has 15 towers. Gulbarga also has a
number of imposing tombs of Bahmani kings, a shrine to an important Muslim saint (Hazrat
Khwaja Bande Nawaz), Sharana Basaveshwara Temple, Sri Sai Baba temple, Sri Ram Mandir
and Sri Bhavani Shankar Temple (Sri Sadashiv Maharaj), Siddhart Budhha Vihar, Sri Laxmi
Narayan temple (Sedam road), St. Mary’s Church.
Apart from the religious attractions, Gulbarga also has entertainment attractions like Shetty's
Talkie Town multiplex (a value based division of Fun Cinemas) which has 4 screens in total with
all facilities for quality entertainment, located on Aland road in Gulbarga and a private fm radio
station.
There is a new upcoming mall on Darga Road, Jagat, and Gulbarga. Earlier a renowned cinema
theatre "Tirandaz Talkies" was located at this place. The mall will have 3 movie screens, food
court, gaming zone, hypermarket, and the best retail brands to give a wholesome utility and
entertainment experience to the citizens of Gulbarga. The mall is scheduled to be open for
business by September 2010.

ATTRACTIONS AROUND GULBARGA:
There are beautiful temples around Gulbarga to visit namely: Shri Kshetra
Ganagapur(Ganagapura), a well known pilgrimage of God Shri Sadguru Dattatreya Narasimha
Saraswati, Sri. Hulakantheshwar Temple (Herur. B), and the Dhathargi Bhagamma Temple
(Afzalfur Taluk) located on the bank of Bhima River. Devotees from all over the world visit
these places of worship.
Jewargi - It is a popular Jain pilgrim Centre, about 40 kms from Gulbarga. It is situated on
the bank of the Bheema River and has many Jain basadis. Narayanapura Dam - It is 120 kms
from Gulbarga. The Krishna River cascades down here and is known as the Jaladurga Falls.
Shahpur is a taluk headquarter situated 77km south of Gulbarga and 549km north to the
Bangalore. It is famous for Temples like Charabaseshvera temple, Siddlingeshwara temple,
Diggi Sangmeshwara temple(origin place of Siddheshwara temple of Sholapur Maharashtra),
Shahpur fort, Sleeping Buddha, Melgiriparvatha. It is also famous for URANIUM Ore and it is
the Birth place for Worlds costielest Diamond KOHINOOR.
Shiravala (Shirwal): Is the place of historical importance situated about two km

interior on the right bank of the river Bhima, and 15km north-east of Shahpur, the taluk
headquarters. It is believed to be the birth places of Sirhyalasetti of the shaiva puranic fame.
There are forty-six monuments at the site. These include five wells, seven Koshthagaras/mathas
and thirty four temples. Most of them are in groups while some are scattered around. Most of
these monuments are of the Rastrakutas period. This is only site containing such a large group of
monuments of this period. Most of the temples are in dilapidated condition and are not in
worship.Shirval continued to be an important town during the period the Chalukya of Kalyana.
An inscription of the Shirval dated 1137A.D. during the rule of Bhulokamalla Somesavara III in
which Shirval maintained as Sirivolal ruled by Mahamalleshwara Sovidevarasa.
This important historic village was a famous Shaiva centre and was known as Southern
Varanasi or Dakshina Varanasi. It was a home of religion (Dharmada mane) and first or
earliest town which was known as Adipattana.

The temples here which are still in good condition are

1. Nannyya temple
2. Nadayya temple
3. Sugnyaneshwara temple
4. Mallikarjuna temple
5. Ishwara temple
6. Siddheshwara temple
Sannathi (sonthi): Sannati is situated 48 km south-west of chitapur, the taluk headquarters,
56km north-west of yadagir and 19km north of Shahpur, this place can be reached easily by a
boat from shirival on the river bank. Old Stone Age tools and major rock edicts of Ashoka have
been reported from here, and Buddhiststupa remains of the Shatavahana period have been
discoveries have certainly added to the fame of the place but it is Chandralamba temple that is
the chief center of attraction for the tourists.
Being one of the chief Buddhist centers in the state, Sannathi is the oldest Buddhist center of
Karnataka, and the credit of bringing to light this site goes to Kapthral krishnarao. The
Chandrala-Pramesvari temple at Sannathi is an elevated mounted and the excavation of this
temple complex is likely to reveal important aspects of the Maurya rule. In Karnataka, the
highest numbers of Shatavahana inscriptions are found in Sannathi. These inscriptions mention
the Shatavahana kings siri Satakarni Vasishthiputra, Siri Pulamayi and Shatavahana Agnisarama,
who ruled during 2nd -4th century.
In fact the damaged Ashokan inscriptions on the pitha of the goddess Kalika were discovered
during the renovation of the temple. There are also the remains of the Shatavahana remains in the
Kanaganahalli region on the river; being admist these sites, Sannathi has great historical
significance and bring light its significance aspects.
Surpur(Surpura, Shorapure): Surpur is a place of historic important and a Taluk
headquarter, situated 110km south to Gulbarga, and 500km from Bangalore and 50km from
yadgiri. Here the palagers families that raised their head after the fall of Vijayanagara, the
Nayakas of Surapura belonging to the gosala-vamsa who ruled from 1636-1858 were important.
Surpur, located on the in a hilly forted area, belonged in the past to Sagar-nadu and it
flourished as the capital under the Nayakas.

The fort, bastions, gateways, palace. Temple of Gopalaswamy, Ashur Khana, mosque, Dargah,
bazer, Taylor’s Bungalow etc. North way structures in Surapur that pertain to the time of
Nayakas of Surapura.
The main attraction is Gopalaswamy temple. Which has a spacious sabhamantapa, carries on it
beautiful and attractive stucco sculptures. The annual fair of Gopalswamy temple takes place on
Gokulashtami.
There is also a Methodist Church for the Christians.
The bungalow is well known for the structure of its construction, which astounds the visitors;
this is now being used as rest room.

Chapter-3
Findings:-
 In the field of architecture, the Bahamanis paved way for the distinct style of architecture at
Haft Gumbaz by inviting architects from Persia, Turkey and Arabia and blended it with
local styles.
 Thus the Haft Gumbaz which is of national importance is because of its rich history,
culture, heritage value and because of the style of architecture used is rarely seen in whole
of south India.
 As Haft Gumbaz has rich history, culture and heritage value there arises a need to
incorporate the principle of sustainable tourism development at Haft Gumbaz.
 There is no proper infrastructure (i.e.) roads are conservative and no proper accommodation
facilities to satisfy the tourist needs.
 No basic amenities like drinking water facility and toilet rooms.
 No professional guides around the monuments and tourist inflow is very low.
 Even local people also are not completely aware of the monument.
 No safety and security.
 It is glad to know that the conservation and preservation activities have been started then
though if this concept of sustainability is sincerely applied then it will benefit both the
government and the local community in socio-cultural, physical and economic impacts.

3.2 Suggestions:-
As per my visit to Haft Gumbaz, by seeing the monument, its physical conditions and the
Gulbarga city, I would like to give some suggestions to government, local people and the
tourists.
 To create awareness among the local people so that they get knowledge about the
importance of Haft Gumbaz and Sustainable Tourism.
 Then, developments of monument like renovation of the Haft Gumbaz should take place
along with garden facility.
 The ASI, government, and local people also should not do such activities whish harms to
the monument.
 There should be proper arrangements for the tourist/local people with basic amenities like
toilet and drinking water facility along with the sign boards to show the path way towards
attractions.
 Proper development of infrastructure like good roads and satisfactory accommodation to

the visitors.
 Professional tourist guide should be provided by the state government.
 The awareness creating programmes should be held by the government and as well as
NGOs.

 The concept of Sustainability should be created in the mind of local people and tourist
also.
 Local people and tourist should contribute their efforts to protect the monument by
keeping clean.

3.3 Conclusion:-
As per my academic project I visited Haft Gumbaz of Gulbarga district, and chose to
study Haft Gumbaz with special reference to Sustainable Tourism Development concept as my
project work. I enjoyed a lot during the visit and came to know about the environmental,
historical importance of monument of Haft Gumbaz.
Sustainable tourism can be defined as conserving and preserving the monuments for
present and future generation. So, here at Haft Gumbaz it is known for rich heritage as and by the
point of view Haft Gumbaz should be developed as sustainable tourism monument so that it can
be preserved for future generation.
Haft Gumbaz or Seven Domes is a mausoleum of the Bahamani Dynasty and is located in
Gulbarga, Karnataka. Situated on the eastern outskirts of Gulbarga, this magnificent tomb
extends from east to west. The tombs include that of Mujahid Shah, Daud shah, Ghiyath al Din
Shah and Shams al Din Shah. They are not properly maintained so Haft Gumbaz monument can
be developed as sustainable tourism site which encompasses history, heritage art and
architectural features.
Haft Gumbaz is a very beautiful monument of great historical importance and the visit to Haft
Gumbaz will provide knowledge of its brief history and its importance for developing Haft
Gumbaz as sustainable tourism site.
The government and local people should take extra care of this beautiful heritage place.
“If we protect our cultural heritage now it will give future benefits to entire mankind”

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Encyclopedia of Tourism in 21st century-Pradeep Kumar johri

 Sustainable tourism-Harish Bhatt, B S Badan
 Gulbarga gazetteer
 Ecology and environment-P D Shah
 Sustainable Tourism by P.C. Sinha
 Tourism in India by Dr. Kulwanth singh patania and Dr. Arun Kumar
 WWW.Google.com
 WWW. Karnatakatourism.com
 www.gulbarga.nic.in
 www.gulbargacity.gov.in

ANNEXURE
Haft Gumbaz
Tombs of Mujahid Shah and Duad Shah

Tomb of Firoz Shah Bahaman

Tomb of Firoz Shah Bahaman

Sustainable Tourism Development (Special Reference On Haft Gumbaz)

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SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

(SPECIAL REFERENCE ON HAFT GUMBAZ)

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 1

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 2

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 3

1. To know the history and geography of Gulbarga and Bahamani dynasty.

2. To study the history and geography of Haft Gumbaz.

3. To study the features of the Haft Gumbaz.

4. To study about Haft Gumbaz and Sustainable tourism at the monument.

5. To study the concept of Sustainable tourism development at Haft Gumbaz.

6. To know the importance of Sustainable tourism at Haft Gumbaz.

7. To know the need of Sustainable tourism.

8. To create the awareness about sustainable tourism development at the monument.

9. To study the benefits of Sustainable tourism development concept to the local

10. To deeply study about the conservation and preservation activity.

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 4

1.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The secondary data is collected from State archives, Tourism department

As per my project, it is concerned with the Sustainable Tourism

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 5

2.1 A Brief History

THE BAHMANI DYNASTY OF THE DECCAN

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 6

Bahmani Kings of Gulbarga and Bidar:

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 7

2.2 HAFT GUMBAZ

1. It sports the south Indian tomb style of the early ages.

3. The mausoleum externally measures (48 by 24 meters) with two domes.

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 8

6. It is a two tier with high arches.

a) TOMB OF MUJAHID SHAH

Tombs of seven rulers after the middle period of the Bahamani

b) TOMB OF DAUD SHAH

c) TOMBS OF SHAMS AL-DIN & GIYATH AL-DIN

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 9

This tomb is built as if it is connected with the tomb of Giyath

Tomb of Giyath al- Din

It is a domed tomb built on a square plan on a low basement. It

d) TOMB OF FIROZ SHAH BAHAMAN

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 10

Firoz, who became sultan succeeding Shams al-Din in 1397,

2.3 Concept of sustainable tourism Development

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 11

The sustainable development strategies have a number of features:-

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 12

2.4 Need of sustainable tourism:-

I would like to discuss 4 major issues for need of sustainable tourism

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 13

Tourism carrying capacity:-

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 14

2.5 Sustainable tourism development at Haft Gumbaz:-

Some option include:-

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 15

This should include:-

 An assessment of the area’s socio-economic and environmental circumstances and

 An analysis of existing and potential future markets.

 An assessment of existing and potential problems and opportunities brought by

P. G. DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (MTA) Page 16

 A long term vision of tourism in the destination at some future point.

 A set of measurable targets and indicators.

 An action plan, including an indication of resources and responsible players.

 An identifiable process for monitoring and review.

　Tombs of seven rulers after the middle period of the Bahamani

　c) TOMBS OF SHAMS AL-DIN & GIYATH AL-DIN

　This tomb is built as if it is connected with the tomb of Giyath

　It is a domed tomb built on a square plan on a low basement. It

　d) TOMB OF FIROZ SHAH BAHAMAN

　 Firoz, who became sultan succeeding Shams al-Din in 1397,