AUTHORS NOTE

Allistair Balutto January 1996

It is a common belief amongst engineers that the mere placement of air valves at peak points on
a pipeline is sufficient to rid it of air. Research over the past 35 years however, have proven this
method of approach to be inadequate for total air management. This is due to the unpredictable
nature of air and inherent short comings in conventional air valve designs which does not solve
the problems of air retention but can aggravate the phenomena related to its presence.
It was in cognizance of the need of an air valve that had the capability of releasing all air in a
pipeline, regardless of flow velocities, without the inducement of water hammer and other
destructive phenomena that spurred Vent-O-Mat into the design and the development, spanning
more than a decade and has resulted in an operating concept that is revolutionsing the water
industry.

Anti Shock air valves have since their introduction in the market, solved a number of pipeline
problems resulting in the product being described by a multitude of names such as: the safety
belt for pipelines, The air bag for pipelines, pipeline efficiency enhancer and air valve/ surge
alleviation mechanism. All these names describe but one or a few of the products functions as it
is a very cost effective pipeline management device incorporating the functions of a double acting
air valve and a surge alleviation mechanism.
The acronym CATT (Controlled Air Transfer Technology) is being used more often by engineers
to describe the application of Anti Shock air valves to pipelines, especially existing pipelines
where they are installed to solve problems such as inefficient flow and surge and water hammer
etc.
It was in recognition of a need to introduce the advantages of CATT and to make available
research that has been conducted into air valve designs and the destructive phenomena related
to the presence of air in pipelines that the publishing of this document was undertaken.
The object of this document is to provide the engineer with a comprehensive source of reference
on air valves. Included is a guide on the selection of pipeline components and computer software
for surge analysis as well as important points to consider when sizing and positioning air valves.
Data presented is based on years of research and practical experience. The financial and
technical benefits of CATT is also outlined in this document under An Effective Air Valve/Surge
Alleviation Mechanism
It is the authors wish that the information provided will help towards more effective design and
efficient operation of hydraulic pipelines.

AIR VALVE TECHNOLOGY REVIEWED

(INTRODUCING CONTROLLED AIR TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY)

INTRODUCTION
Double acting air valves are generally assumed to be simple mechanical devices
but are in reality, due to the unpredictable nature of air, complex in operation.
Inherent in all conventional air valves, is the creation of either surge or water
hammer on closure of the large orifice. Manufacturers have over the years
developed various auxiliaries to protect air valves and pipelines from the
damaging effect of surge and water hammer, and other phenomena as a result of
air release. This document describes the phenomena affecting efficient air valve
operation by analysing various air valve designs, and introduces CATT
(Controlled Air Transfer Technology) a revolutionary, well tested, concept in air
valve design and surge/water hammer alleviation.

INDEX
1 Introducing CATT
2 Surge and Water Hammer
3 Conventional Air Valve Design
4 Air Valves/Surge Alleviation Mechanism
5 CATT an Effective Air Valve/Surge Alleviation Mechanism
6 Incidents and Solutions
7

Selection and Positioning of Double Acting Air Valves

Definitions
References

INTRODUCING CATT
Pipeline design and operation has entered a new era with the application of
CATT (Controlled Air Transfer Technology). The obvious questions are: what is
CATT and how is it of benefit? The above and other questions are answered
below in a simple question and answer format.
What is CATT?
CATT is the acronym for Controlled Air Transfer Technology and applies to a
hydro mechanical pipeline flow enhancing mechanism incorporating the features
of a double acting air valve and a surge/ water hammer alleviation mechanism to
automatically prevent phenomena such as surge, water hammer, flow
restrictions, pipe breaks and vacuum from occurring in water pipelines.
Is CATT technology relevant to water pipeline management?
There is sufficient empirical proof that air, due to it's unpredictable and
destructive nature, is highly undesirable in water mains. Conventional air valves
have inherent design short comings which limit their abilities to control the
discharge or intake of air, without the inducement of secondary destructive
phenomena. It is obvious therefore that the entry or discharge of air needs to be
controlled if expensive pipe breaks, inefficient pipeline flows and high power
consumption are to be avoided. This can only be done cost effectively and
efficiently by applying CATT.
Is CATT a sales gimmick?
It is estimated that the cost of repairing water main breaks in Canada alone,
exceeds Can$100 million annually. Whilst there is no data to indicate the cost of
repairs in South Africa, the figure must be substantially high. It is often not pin
pointed what the cause of these breaks are but, it can be safely said, based on
research that a large majority stems from air and the use of conventional air
valves, either as the primary cause or as a secondary contributing factor.
Inefficient air valve operation can reduce flow by 30% or more and also
contributes to high energy consumption as pumps are forced to overcome the
restrictions created by entrapped air. This is a major financial consideration to
any water authority.
CATT has been used effectively on problem pipelines, and the financial and
technical benefits are well documented (some case studies are briefly outlined in
this document). It is therefore not a sales gimmick but a well researched and
sound technology that is assisting engineers and water authorities in the design
and running of cost effective and efficient water pipelines.

Are there any financial benefits in applying CATT?

The answer is a resounding yes as CATT allows for:

The elimination of conventional surge and water hammer equipment.

Quicker draining and filling times.
More efficient flows.
The building of more cost effective pipelines as pipelines do not need to be
over specified.
A substantial reduction in maintenance costs.

Is CATT only applicable to a particular manufacturer's product?

No, CATT applies to any manufacturer's product, complying to the description
provided above and who can substantiate their performance claims through third
party and field testing.
Is CATT the panacea to all pipeline problems?
No, although CATT provides a solution to a vast majority of pipeline problems
(mostly air related), a pipeline can only operate 100% efficiently and effectively
and water hammer can only be totally avoided if other components such as
isolators, check valves and level control valves are also taken into account.
Is CATT a new technology?
No, CATT has evolved from years of research and development. A number of
manufacturers have over the years done research in this important area and
have manufactured a number of devices having some of the features required by
CATT (refer to the section titled Air Valves/ Surge Alleviation Mechanisms). It is
important to note however that CATT as is known today has evolved over the
past decade through research conducted by Vent-O-Mat.

SURGE AND WATER HAMMER

Is there a risk of surge, water hammer and other destructive phenomena
occurring? This question is often posed by design engineers when the feasibility
studies for any particular project have been completed and the functional design
is in progress, the answer is a resounding yes. The occurrence of these
phenomena is not only limited to pumping schemes as is often assumed by
engineers but occur in gravity mains as well.
Surge and water hammer in a pipeline is inevitable if initial design precautions
are not taken, as it may be initiated by the system operator, be imposed by an
external event, be caused by a badly selected component or develop as a result
of poor maintenance.
Good pipeline design practice dictates that a design engineer should in the
design of a pipeline, conduct a thorough pressure surge and water hammer
analysis. If the analysis is to be successful, it must be comprehensive in scope.
This implies that a wide range of flow conditions and operating scenarios should
be investigated. Of equal importance is the correct selection of pipeline
equipment and the understanding of the limitations of the computer software
surge analysis programme being used.
This section of the document takes a brief look at the surge and water hammer
phenomena and points out to the design engineer possible problem areas and
reasons to why surge pressures and pipeline damage occur despite "thorough"
analysis.
SURGE AND WATER HAMMER ANALYSIS
Some of the problem areas often overlooked in an analysis, which may have a
great influence on the dynamics of the pipeline and the overall cost of building
and maintaining the pipeline are the use of traditional surge protection
mechanisms, the selection of pipeline components and the short comings of the
computer software used. Each of these factors are briefly discussed below.
It is important to note that this document is dedicated to research done on air
valves and therefore only highlights the shortcomings of other devices to lend
emphasis to the fact that an analysis cannot be comprehensive if all pipeline
components and flow conditions are not taken into account.
PIPELINE COMPONENTS
The selection of pipeline components such as air valves, check valves and end
line level control valves have a major effect on surge and water hammer, as
preventive mechanisms in some designs, and as the primary source for the
occurrence of these phenomena in others. This is often overlooked in an

analysis, resulting in a multitude of factors being blamed when these phenomena

occur, not realising that either one or all of the above components could be the
cause.
Check Valves
Check valves are often selected without proper thought to their response under
pump trip conditions i.e., when a separated column commences to rejoin. The
phenomenon of check valve slam occurs due to the fact that very many check
valve designs require the reversal of flow to close it; this means that the column
of water is already in motion and stops abruptly as the swing check valve closes,
resulting in high transient pressures.
Pressures created in this manner are dependent on the valve design used, the
initial pumping velocities and the design head of the system and can be
calculated using Joukowski's equation.
In order to prevent or minimise this phenomenon, a quick acting, spring assisted
design should be used that will react in a very low milli second time span and at
low pressures to close, without slamming before reversal of flow has occurred.
There are instances such as low head and small scale systems where simple,
swing check valves are quite acceptable, it is unwise however to regard them as
the automatic choice. It is important when selecting check valves that they should
be appropriate for the system of which they are an integral part. This can only
occur if the design engineer is provided with dynamic performance for the check
valve considered and if the computer software he uses, accommodates for the
insertion of performance for various check valve (and other component) designs.
It is beyond the scope of this document to look in depth at various check valve
designs. Reference can be made to the findings of Thorley (1989) et al on the
phenomenon of check valve slam. Suffice to say that proper check valve
selection is a factor that should not be ignored if a comprehensive surge analysis
is to be conducted.

Fig 1.Three different check valve designs, with the Swing Check Valve being
the cause of Check Valve Slam whilst the Angle Seated Valve reduces its
occurrence slightly and the Nozzle Type check valve virtually prevents the
occurrence of this phenomenon.

End Line Level Control Valves

Water surface turbulence influence very many end line level control designs, as
the control float bobs up and down on the waves in the tank or reservoir, causing
unacceptable high surge pressures. This problem is compounded in the closing
function as many mechanical and hydraulic valve's closing characteristics is such
that it will induce damaging surges, if not fitted with sophisticated closing speed
or relief controls.
The effect of the strain energy of the surges resulting from these phenomena will
be cumulative and will result in damage to the valve and pipeline if measures are
not taken to prevent their occurrence during the initial design stage.
There are available, a number of level control valve designs that have smooth
closing characteristics, without the need for speed or relief controls, and that do
not react to water surface turbulence, which can be used in place of conventional
level control valves.
Air Release and Vacuum Break Valves
Conventional air valves are one of the prime sources of surge, water hammer
and other destructive phenomena. There are alternative designs that function
effectively, both as air valves and surge alleviation mechanisms, without the draw
backs of conventional designs. This entire document is dedicated to the research
done into air valve designs and configurations and points out to the design
engineer, what the effects of air, and the selection of air valves have on total
pipeline dynamics.
Component selection has a major effect on surge and water hammer. The above
are but three primary components which can and do result in these phenomena,
but that are overlooked due to the lack of information on operating dynamic
characteristics for the components considered. Valve manufacturers should
therefore be encouraged to provide dynamic performance characteristics (just as
pump manufacturers do). Product performance should be substantiated by third
party and field testing.
CONVENTIONAL SURGE ALLEVIATION MECHANISMS
Air Vessels
One of the most common devices used in the water industry for the suppression
of water hammer, particularly in the instances of pump trip, is the air vessel, see
fig.2.

Fig.2 A typical arrangement for an Air Vessel.

The ability of an air vessel to react to the phenomenon of vacuum is dependent

on the type of check valves used. Vacuum occurs instantaneously in a very low
milli second time span, which may be too quick for the check valve to react, and
for the water to fill the cavity sufficiently. Hence damage, such as the sucking in
of seals occurs, due to a partial vacuum existing in the pipeline.
Sometimes a check valve is not installed in the configuration indicated above.
The purpose of an air vessel without a check valve, is in effect, to attempt to
convert a rapid fluid transient (water hammer) event into a controlled mass liquid
oscillation (surge). This is in reality converting one destructive phenomenon into
another, as the oscillation can be just as damaging to the system over a time
period, due the effect of the strain energy of this phenomenon being
accumulative, which will be a contributing factor to pipe failure.
Another drawback of this device is failure due to lack of maintenance or total loss
of power, especially when used on pipelines in developing countries where these
factors are a reality.
Pipe, downstream of the air vessels are normally overspecified to accommodate
for the short comings of the air vessels. This is a costly option if the over
specified pipe and cost of the air vessel is considered. Surge, water hammer and
vacuum conditions can be managed much more cost effectively by the use of air
valve/ surge alleviation mechanism as discussed further on in this document.

One Way Surge Vessels

Surge tanks are normally positioned at reductions in an upward slope, or peaks
of a pipeline to prevent severe sub-atmospheric pressures from occurring a result
of pump trip.
These devices have the same drawback as air vessels in that their response
under vacuum conditions is dependent on the type of check valve used. An air
valve/ surge alleviation mechanism offers a much better solution as air reacts 28
times faster than water and is not restricted by a check valve in response to
cavity formation, therefore having the ability to fill a cavity much more rapidly.

Fig.3 One Way Surge Tank

It is important to note that despite their popularity, air vessels and surge tanks
are not the panacea for surge and water hammer, especially if other pipeline
components are not taken into account. More importantly is the fact that cost
effective alternatives are available which do not have the space, operational
limitations or, power requirements of traditional surge alleviation devices.
COMPUTER SURGE ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
Much development has taken place in the design of computer software, with a
number of software programmes available that can analyse a wide range of flow
conditions. Lacking in very many of these programmes however is a
comprehensive range of boundary conditions (pumps, valves, junctions, surge
control devices etc.), and the comprehensive modelling of behaviour of
components that are causing, or may prevent surge and water hammer, such as
valves etc.
Surge analysis is not easy as equations resulting in flow are of the non linear,
partially differential variety, component performance data is difficult to obtain (due
to lack of research by many manufacturers) and the pipeline systems themselves

are subjected to a host of operating conditions and requirements. This is

compounded by the effects of air in pipelines (due to it's unpredictable nature),
and the transmission of pressure transients which is frequently difficult to
visualise or interpret even for the design engineer accustomed to the surge and
water hammer phenomena.
The complexity of these phenomena has resulted in very many designers
adopting simplified design procedures as the basis for computer codes in their
analysis software, leading to either one, or a combination of three common
problems, these are:
1. Pipelines being designed very conservatively, resulting in costly pipelines,
components and maintenance requirements which may not be justified for the
particular application.
2. Pipelines that are under protected from surge and other destructive
phenomena which present major operating problems and result in costly pipe
breaks and pipe and pipeline component damage.
3. Pipelines not operating to their designed capacities due to badly selected
components. This is especially true for air valves, where the incorrect
selection can result in a major loss in pipeline capacity (up to 30%).
An analysis should be performed on a realistic representation of the physical
system without making unwarranted and possibly incorrect assumptions about
component requirements and their effects on the pipeline system dynamics. This
can only be achieved if the analysis software programme used, allows for the
insertion of dynamic component performance data and outlines to the user the
short comings of various component designs and configurations. Which
inevitably means that designers of surge analysis software should work closely
with pipeline component manufacturers and that manufacturers should supply
technical data based on actual field applications.
The following are factors to look for in a well developed surge analysis software
programme:

The behaviour of components that are causing, or may reduce surge and
water hammer phenomena, such as pumps tripping, valves operating etc.,
are comprehensively modelled.
A full range of boundary conditions (pumps, valves, junctions, surge
control devices, etc.) should be available
A suitable strategy for incorporating line friction is included.
The phenomena of sub atmospheric pressures and vapour cavities should
be comprehensively modelled. This is also true for the control
mechanisms used to limit these phenomena from occurring.
The techniques used to yield numerical solutions does not distort the
fluctuations in pressures and flows being predicted in the system.

The programme must be validated, as far as possible against

experimental data or other recognised criteria.
Comprehensive results are produced in a suitable format.

The information contained above is sufficient for the design engineer to see that
factors often overlooked may have a major effect on the total pipeline dynamics
and ultimately the cost of building and maintaining a pipeline.

CONVENTIONAL AIR VALVE DESIGNS

Conventional double acting air valves are available in a confusion of designs and
configurations but ultimately fall in one of two categories namely:
1.

2.

Non Kinetic Air Valves - these are usually air valves with hollow spherical
floats, which have a tendency of closing prematurely and often retain large
pockets of air in the pipeline, this phenomenon is known as "Dynamic
Closure".
Kinetic Air valves - these are valves which have the ability to discharge air
at extremely high velocities and differential pressures and will only close
once water has entered the valve chamber to buoy the operating float.

Although other air valve functions such as low pressure sealing and pressurised
discharge can be tested fairly easily with the use of simple apparatus, the
investigation into many designs determined that they did not operate within the
parameters claimed, or created severe damage to pipelines due to inherent
features. It can only be assumed that this was as a result of a total disregard to
basic operating principles and design considerations, and that relevant testing
methods which would pin point aspects of short comings are not specified or
applied, indicating a gross lack of research.
The intention of this section of the document is to familiarise the specifier or user
with the basic operating principles and design considerations which govern the
functional limits of conventional air valve designs
AIR VALVE PERFORMANCE CAPABILITIES
It has for decades been a generally accepted standard to specify an air valve in
terms of the nominal inlet diameter only. This is a peculiar practice considering
that the discharge and intake performance of any particular air valve is
dependent on design and internal configuration, the size of the large orifice in
relation to the nominal size of the valve, the shape and mass of the large orifice
control float and the maximum allowable differential pressure across the large
orifice. Performance may, dependent on the above, vary dramatically between
different makes with the same nominal inlet diameter.
Following, is a comprehensive guide of the limitations of conventional air valves.
The data presented, is based on years of research into air valve design and
provides the designer with empirical proof that features inherent in specific air
valves can and does cause substantial damage to pipelines, or prevent pipelines
from operating efficiently.

NON KINETIC AIR VALVES

Non Kinetic double acting air valves are characterised by hollow ball control
floats, and the basic valve design has remained the same since it's introduction
more than a hundred years ago. This is most probably the most common air
valve design with virtually millions installed on water pipelines around the world.
The employment of the ball to seal off the large orifice, presents serious
operating problems some of which are:
Poor Sealing and Working Pressures
A ball must be perfectly spherical in order to effect a leak tight seal against a
resilient seat located around the circumference of an orifice.
It is not possible in practice, to mass produce perfectly spherical balls and
generally a working pressure of at least 1 bar is required for a ball float to deform
it's resilient seat sufficiently and achieve an acceptable seal.
To compensate for the non - uniform ball float seating surfaces very soft seals
are often used, these become adhered to the float material and prevent operation
of the large orifice function.
Deformation and Jamming
The hollow construction of ball type floats make them susceptible to distortion
and permanent deformation when subjected to high pressures and shock loads.
A ball float sealing a 150mm outlet orifice at 25 bar differential pressure must
resist 4.5 tonne total force and considerably more if water hammer or surge
(liquid oscillation) occurs.
In practice it has been found that floats elongate and wedge into the large orifice.
Obviously if the ball float is jammed into the orifice it will not perform either air
intake or discharge functions.
Premature Closure
Tests conducted by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - South
Africa in 1989, indicates that ball type air valve designs have a tendency for the
large orifice to be closed by the control float at very low differential pressures
(0.02 - 0.05 bar) without any further discharge, see fig. 4. This results in the
entrapment of large pockets of air in the pipeline. The term "Dynamic Closure" is
used to describe this phenomenon.

Fig.4 Tests conducted by Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - South
Africa, indicating the dynamic closure point of two different DN80 Non Kinetic Air
Valve designs.
Air retention results in surge (liquid oscillation) as the water compresses the
retained air to a point, whence it acts as a spring, violently oscillating the liquid.
The magnitude of the surge generated is dependent on the water flow velocity
(either during initial filling or when separated water columns commences to
rejoin) and the size of the entrapped air pocket on closure.
Effect of the strain energy of the surges will be cumulative and concentrated at
points of weakness such as reductions in pipe class, fittings which may be of a
lower standard than the surrounding pipes, near line valves or tapers and in
branches with closed ends.
Pipes may also fail structurally due to the combined effect of the surge pressures
which crack protective pipe linings and the retained air pockets which promotes
corrosion.
Retained air causes restrictions which lead to inefficient pipeline operation and
increased electrical consumption in pumping schemes as pumps are forced to
work at higher heads in order to overcome the restrictions.
Limitation of Orifice Size and It's Effect on Performance
The diameter of a ball float should not be less than 3 times the large orifice
diameter otherwise it will wedge into the orifice.

Air valve large orifice diameters are restricted for economical reasons this can be
demonstrated as follows: The actual diameter of the large orifice of a
conventional DN80 double acting Non Kinetic air valve is 58mm and the diameter
of the control float is 150mm. If the orifice diameter had to be increased to 80mm
the control float will have to increase to 240mm. The overall weight and size
would increase proportionally, which in this example, is an increase of 60% (in
size and weight).

Fig.5 A typical DN80 Double Acting Conventional

Air Valve design with a restricted large orifice.
Discharge is adversely affected as can be seen from tests conducted by the
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - South Africa, demonstrating the
flow capabilities of four different DN80 valve designs with different large orifice
diameters, at equivalent differential pressures see fig. 6 (note the country of
manufacture has been used to identify the different air valve designs).
Country of Manufacture

British

Israeli

Turkish

Valve Nominal Size

Diameter of Large Orifice
Max Discharge at 0.05 Bar p

DN80
65mm
83 nl/sec

DN80
32mm
36 nl/sec

DN80
65mm
81 nl/sec

South
African
DN80
80mm
156 nl/sec

Fig.6 An indication of the effect of the large orifice diameter on an air valve's
performance capabilities.
Restriction of the large orifice does lead to pipe collapse if not accommodated for
during air intake (vacuum conditions).
Venturi Effect
Inherent in all air valve designs with spherical floats is the tendency for the large
orifice control float to partially close the large orifice during air intake. This is due

to the creation of a lower pressure zone on the upper part of the float than what
is experienced in the pipeline (Venturi Effect), see fig 7.

Fig.7 An air valve with spherical control floats, under vacuum conditions.
This phenomenon occurs at low differential pressures of 0.15 to 0.20 bar, which
greatly restricts the valve's performance and has been the cause of pipe
collapse.
Many technicians are aware of this phenomenon, and insert wedges in the large
orifice, prior to scouring, to prevent it from occurring. This however is not a
practical and cost effective solution on large pipelines.
Maintenance
It is recommended, due to the problems described above, that conventional air
valves be maintained regularly.
KINETIC AIR VALVES
Kinetic air valves were developed primarily to overcome the premature closure
phenomenon that plagues conventional Non Kinetic Designs. This is achieved by
altering the internal configuration of the valve and therefore it's aerodynamic
characteristic such that, during air discharge the large orifice float is biased
towards the inlet orifice thereby preventing premature "Dynamic Closure" of the
outlet orifice.
Being able to discharge air at high velocities has created serious pipeline
operating problems some of which are:

Water Hammer
An air valve discharging air at high differential pressures and velocities, will on
closure induce high, damaging transient pressures. This is due to the water flow
entering the valve suddenly being arrested by the large orifice control float
sealing on the large orifice. The effect on the pipeline dynamics is equivalent to
the rapid closure of an isolating valve.
The magnitude of the transient pressures induced often exceed the test
pressures of the valves and pipeline as is evident from tests conducted by the
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - South Africa in 1994. This can be
clearly demonstrated by the graph in fig.8 which indicates the magnitude of
induced pressure rise in a conventional DN80 Kinetic Valve on closure of the
large orifice whilst discharging at a differential of only 0.17 bar.

Fig.8 Diagram indicating the magnitude of pressure transients induced by a

conventional DN80 kinetic type air valve on closure of the large orifice at a
differential pressure of 0.17 bar - Results of tests conducted by The Council for
Scientific and Industrial Research - South Africa (AERO TEST 94/140) .
The magnitude of transient pressure rise created by kinetic air valves on closure,
is dependent on the valve size, length of pipe, differential pressure across the
large orifice on closure, bulk modulus of the water etc. and can be calculated
using Joukowski's relation.

Research conclusively proves that the damage created by these valves,

discharging at high velocities, is a factor that cannot be ignored in pipeline
design. It is recommended, from research conducted by numerous authorities
and manufacturers, to limit the discharge differential across the large orifice of
Kinetic Air Valves to 0.05 bar differential pressure, in order to prevent damaging
high pressure transients from occurring.
Water Spillage
It happens often in practice where the large orifice control float fails to react when
high velocity water enters the valve chamber. This results in the water covering
the control float, effectively holding the float down, whilst exiting through the large
orifice, see fig.9

Fig.9 High velocity water exiting through the Large Orifice of a Kinetic Valve,
whilstholding the Large Orifice Control Float down, effectively preventing valve
closure.
The amount of water spilled in this manner is substantial and results in flooded
valve chambers. Cost of repairing the damage due to this and the cost of the
actual water being spilled, could far out strip the cost of the valve.
Actual spillage of the water induces a pressure surge because water has a much
higher density than air, causing the flow rate to drop as it reaches the large
orifice opening, which will have a similar effect to the sudden closure of a valve at
the end of a pipeline discharging water. The magnitude of the surge induced in
this manner will be dependent on the velocity of the water entering, the valve
chamber, the length and diameter of the pipe etc, but can be substantially high.

Seal Failure
Another phenomenon peculiar to Kinetic Air valves is the failure of the seal
between the valve and isolator on closure of the large orifice which results in
water spillage, see fig.10. This is as a result of the transient pressures created on
closure.

Fig.10 Seal Failure between the air valve and isolator, due to transients created
byKinetic Air Valves on closure.
Repetitive tests, indicates that this phenomenon occurs at 80 - 85 bar, which
implies that the transients created by Kinetic valves, discharging at high
deferential pressures are in excess of 85 bar. This corroborates findings by the
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - South Africa and manufacturers
such as Apco and Vent-O-Mat.
Limitations of the Large Orifice
Very many Kinetic air valve designs are mere modifications of Non Kinetic, ball
type designs, using hollow spherical floats to seal off the large orifice. They are
therefore, because of financial considerations, limited to the same design
constraints as Non Kinetic air valve manufacturers (see Limitations of Orifice
Size).

Fig.11 A typical Kinetic type air valve with ball control floats
Discharge, the same as for Non Kinetic Valves, is adversely affected, due to the
restricted large orifice diameter.
Under Sizing
Kinetic Air valves are more susceptible to being undersized than other air valve
designs. This is due to engineers concentrating on their discharge requirements,
selecting valves to discharge at high differential pressures, and thereby ignoring
their vacuum requirements.
Valve selection based totally on discharge requirements is detrimental to the
pipeline under vacuum conditions, as the valve may not fully protect the pipeline
under these conditions. This is especially true for plastic pipes, and pipeline seals
which cannot withstand very high differential negative pressures.
Venturi Phenomenon
The Venturi phenomenon described under Non Kinetic Valves is also applicable
to Kinetic Designs, even more so, on undersized valves.
AIR VALVE MISCONCEPTIONS
Much traditional "wisdom" has evolved over time to explain air valve design and
its effects on pipeline efficiency. Many of the assumptions are so misleading and
frequently false that they should not be regarded as rational design rules but
more as outdated and discredited air valve folklore. Some of these
misconceptions are addressed below.
Misconception: Air valve size should be specified by the nominal inlet diameter.
Fact: It is the large orifice area and the valve's dynamic characteristics which
determine performance. It cannot be taken for granted that different air valve

designs of the same nominal size will perform equally, this can be seen in fig.6 .
Accurate selection can only be achieved by reference to substantiated
performance data for a particular design, and by taking into account the
limitations of conventional air valves and standard orifices.
Misconception: Conventional air valves can be sized to discharge in excess of
0.3 bar differential pressure across the large orifice with no effect to the valve
and pipeline.
Fact: This is most probably the biggest misconception about air valves. The
differential pressure across the large orifice on closure of an air valve, has a
major effect on transient pressures and surge in the pipeline.
A Kinetic air valve if properly sized for vacuum will seldomly, and only in
instances of excessive filling velocities or where column separation has occurred,
exceed 0.2 bar differential across the large orifice. The magnitude of the transient
pressures created on air valve closure at any differential pressure in excess of
0.1 bar will however exceed the maximum pipeline design pressure and cause
severe damage to the pipeline.
Non Kinetic Air valve will close at extremely low differential pressures of between
0.03 and 0.05 bar (contrary to manufacturers published data), retaining air in the
pipeline which leads to a number of destructive phenomena.
It is recommended from tests conducted by air valve manufacturers and research
by independent third party test authorities as well as engineers such as Wisner et
al, that the differential pressure across the large orifice of conventional air valves
be restricted to 0.05 - 0.07 bar (30 - 35 m/sec. velocity up the air valve riser).
This is to prevent "Dynamic Closure" in Non Kinetic valves and the water
hammer phenomenon in Kinetic Designs.
Misconception: Air valves can on intake (vacuum conditions) be sized to
withstand 0.5 bar negative differential pressure across the large orifice.
Fact: This misconception stems from air valve manufacturers who publish intake
performance curves based on theoretical calculations which have no foundation
in actual air valve vacuum tests.
Actual vacuum tests indicate that choked air valve orifice conditions begin to
occur at 0.35 bar differential and that there is virtually no increase in air inflow
between this point and 0.5 bar differential (when air reaches sonic velocities on
intake).
The recommended safe average across the large orifice, without the risk of pipe
wall collapse or the sucking in of joint seals or other possible damage due to
negative internal pressures will vary according to the pipeline material used. It is

advisable to consult the relevant manufacturer in order to determine the

collapsing pressure of a particular pipe material. Obviously this advice is also
applicable to any joint seal systems or other components which may be
vulnerable to damage when a system is subjected to negative internal pressures.
It is important to note that an air valve's capabilities is limited to 0.35 bar negative
differential pressure regardless of whether the pipeline can withstand a greater
vacuum. The partial vacuum within the pipeline may draw in debris behind the
seal joints resulting in leakage when the pipeline is filled with water again.
Misconception: If a pipeline is built according to recommendations obtained
from Surge Analysis software, then the pipeline will be safe from these
destructive phenomena.
Fact: This is only true if a programme takes the effects of air and the operational
limitations of air valves and other components into account.
Very many computer programmes assume that pipelines are hydraulically full
when surge occurs. This is a fundamental error as there are often large pockets
of air trapped in the pipeline by air valves closing prematurely, which can
aggravate or reduce the impact of this phenomenon.
The transient pressures created by kinetic air valves do exceed the test pressure
of the pipeline and can cause pipeline damage despite the use of conventional
surge alleviation equipment.
Computer modelling can therefore only be effective, if the programme used,
takes the short comings of conventional air valves, and the effects of air into
account.
Misconception: All manufacturers' published data can always be accepted as
being correct.
Fact: All air valve manufacturers are obliged to publish performance data
pertaining to the high volume air discharge and intake capabilities of their valves.
This data is relied upon by pipeline designers to provide the basis for selection of
valve size for any particular application requirement.
Strikingly absent in manufacturers' data however, are how their air valve designs
influence factors such as surge and water hammer, vacuum, corrosion and
effective pipeline operation. This is due to either lack of research, or, partial
research in one area of air valve operation, whilst totally neglecting other factors.
Some typical examples are shown below.

High Discharge Performance

This is most probably the only feature that a conventional valve is marketed on. It
is therefore not uncommon for virtually every manufacturer to claim that their
valve can discharge up to, and including sonic velocities (0.9 bar differential).
Whilst this is possible under controlled conditions, it is totally impossible in reality
as an air valve will seldom exceed 0.2 bar differential across the large orifice (as
discussed above). The surge pressures induced at high velocity discharge is a
factor that cannot be ignored.
It should be a prerequisite of kinetic valve manufacturers to publish the
magnitude of pressures induced by their valves, on closure of the large
orifice as an indication to the pipeline design engineer of the possible
damage to his pipeline.
Tests have proved that although some manufacturers claim their valves to be of
kinetic design, that these valves actually close prematurely.
Some manufacturers claim extremely high volume discharge and intake
capabilities, that have no relation to actual air valve performance. The Council for
Scientific and Industrial Research - South Africa conducted tests in 1989 on
orifice plates with nominal sizes equivalent to air valves, so as to provide a quick
check reference as to the validity of claimed performance data. Obviously an air
release valve will have a lower discharge rate compared to an equivalent size
orifice plate at any specific differential pressure yet, manufacturers' publish data
indicating their valves exceeding the capabilities of orifice plates, which is
misleading and can create pipeline problems due to undersizing. A copy of orifice
plate performance data, obtained from the tests conducted in 1989 is enclosed.
Air Intake Performance Data
Air intake performance is the most expensive air valve function to test as it does
require extremely large vacuum pumps to duplicate what happens in reality. It is
because of the cost factor involved in performing these tests that many
manufacturers either publish data based on theoretical calculations, or blow air
through the large orifice i.e., the air discharge test is performed in reverse.
Both these methods have proven to be grossly inaccurate as it does not reflect
what happens in reality. Realistically, the air is forced through the large orifice by
atmospheric at the rate of which the water is drawn from the pipeline. The air in
flow is therefore substantially lower than the air discharge for any valve at a
specific differential pressure (as atmospheric is the only motive force and cannot
be increased - unlike discharge where the upstream pressure can be increased).

The Venturi phenomenon is strikingly absent in the published data of ball type air
valve manufacturers which is further proof that published data can be very
misleading.
A very important consideration which is often ignored by manufacturers is the
fact that choked orifice velocities for air intake commence at about 0.35 bar and
there is no substantial air increase between this point and where air reaches
sonic velocity at 0.5 bar. The graphs shown are the maximum intake capabilities
of orifice plates and provides a quick check reference as to the validity of claimed
performance data (obviously an air valve of equivalent diameter will have a lower
intake capacity than an orifice plate, at the same differential pressure).
Data that cannot be substantiated by third party testing should therefore be
treated as questionable. It is important that the method of testing is also
questioned.
SYNOPSIS
Some of the important points raised in the preceding text are:
1. The differential pressure across the large orifice of any conventional air valve,
during air discharge should be limited to 0. 05 - 0. 07 bar (30 - 35 metres/
second velocity up the air valve riser) to prevent dynamic closure in Non
Kinetic air valves and water hammer in Kinetic designs.
2. The differential pressure across any air valve during air intake (vacuum
conditions) should be limited to 0.35 bar negative pressure, regardless
whether the pipe material can withstand a higher vacuum.
3. The size of the large orifice in relation to the nominal size of the valve has a
substantial effect on the performance of any air valve e.g. a DN80 valve with
a 80mm large orifice will, at equivalent differential pressures, have a 61%
greater air intake or discharge capacity than a DN80 air valve with a 63mm
orifice.
4. The use of spherical control floats presents major design problems such as
poor sealing, float distortion, the jamming of the float in the large orifice when
discharging at high velocities, and the 'Venturi Phenomenon', where the
control float partially seals off the large orifice during air intake.
5. The use of Kinetic air valves leads to water hammer, or control floats failing to
close the valve during high velocity discharge which inevitably leads to
flooding. It is also common for the seal between the air valve and isolator
valve to fail due to the transient pressures induced.
6. Manufacturers data can be grossly inaccurate and misleading. Data should
therefore not be accepted, unless it is substantiated by third party testing, or
conforms to certain known values, i.e., orifice plate performances.

AIR VALVES/SURGE ALLEVIATION MECHANISMS

Inherent in all conventional air valves, is the creation of surge or water hammer
on closure of the large orifice. This is regardless of whether the system on which
the valves are employed is as a gravity fed main or pumping system as these
phenomena occur during initial filling as well as during column separation.
Manufacturers have over the years developed a number of devices to protect air
valves and pipelines from the damaging effect of surge and water hammer as a
result of air release. The operation of a few of these designs, under pump trip
conditions, are discussed below.
SLOW CLOSING AIR VALVES
This option is offered predominantly by American manufacturers' and consists of
a conventional Kinetic air valve fitted with a check valve, see Fig. 12.

Fig. 12 Slow Closing Air Valve

The valve will draw in air under vacuum conditions and discharge air as the water
columns commences to rejoin. Air will pass unrestricted through the valve but
when water, because of it's greater density , enters the check valve, the throttling
plug will move to a closed position. The passage of water through the throttling
plug will then be throttled through small ports within the plug. The operating float
is then moved to a closed position by the water which enters the valve at a
greatly reduced rate.
It is important to note that this device only offers protection to the air valve as the
throttling plug is slammed in the closed position by the water entering the valve
which creates water hammer and inevitably leads to pipeline damage. These

devices are substantially more costly than conventional air valves and are
extremely bulky.
HYDRAULICALLY CONTROLLED AIR VALVES
The Hydraulically Controlled Air Valve functions the same as conventional double
acting air valves except that it has an externally mounted hydraulic dashpot to
control the rate at which the valve closes, see fig.13.

Fig. 13 Hydraulically Controlled Air Valve

The valve will draw in air when pump trip occurs, and will discharge air as the
column commences to rejoin. Air does not have any effect on the closure of the
valve during discharge as closure is controlled by adjustment of the hydraulic
controls on the dashpot. Which implies that the valve will permit the regulated
discharge of water at a pre set closing time.
The actual spillage of water induces a pressure surge because water has a much
higher density than air, causing the flow rate to drop as it reaches the opening,
which will have a similar effect to the sudden closure of a valve at the end of a
pipeline discharging water. Experimental work conducted by Slawminski and van
Vuuren indicates that the most important variables influencing the magnitude of a
pressure rise for air released in this manner are; internal pressure, volume of
compressed air pocket, size of opening through which the air escapes and the
elasticity of the system.

The valve in addition to the above is extremely bulky and very costly and requires
a factory engineer on site to adjust the hydraulic controls.
NON RETURN AIR VALVES
These are usually conventional non return valves fitted with a small orifice air
release valve, see fig. 14. The operation of these valves are similar in function to
"Vented Non Return" Air Valve designs offered by British and European
manufacturers.

Fig. 14 Non Return Air Valve

These valves allow unrestricted air intake during column separation but controls
the air discharge as the column commences to rejoin, thereby effectively
eliminating the possibilities of water hammer from occurring.
The fact that air is only released through the small orifice can lead to liquid
oscillation (surge pressures) as the rejoining water column tends to compress the
large volume of air very rapidly, faster than the small orifice can release the air,
whence the air will act as a spring, causing the liquid to oscillate in the system.
Initial filling operating procedures are also lengthened by using these valve types.
Experimental work conducted by Campbell in Saudi Arabia, indicates that these
valves do act very effectively as water hammer/ surge alleviation mechanisms, if
used in conjunction with conventional Non Kinetic air valves, see fig. 15. The

conventional Non Kinetic valve, which is placed a little upstream of the Non
Return Air Valve, will discharge a large volume of air prior to closure and the
surge created by the closure will be absorbed by the remaining air in the system.
The air retained will be released in a controlled manner by the Non Return Air
Valve thereby absorbing the energy of any potential surge or water hammer,
which will be dissipated through the small orifice.

Fig. 15 Non Kinetic Air Valve & Non Return Air Valve Arrangement

It is obvious that these valves are effective in eliminating surge and water
hammer but are very costly as they need to be installed together with a
conventional Non Kinetic air valves to work efficiently, which is a major cost
consideration to design engineers and end users.

CATT - AN EFFECTIVE AIR VALVE/SURGE

ALLEVIATION MECHANISM
The previous section are but a few of a number of various pipeline devices,
which have been developed over the years to protect pipelines from surge as a
result of air release. Investigations into these devices has indicated that they are
not superior from all points of view and instead offer either protection to the air
valves only or, pipeline protection at the expense of one or other air valve
function or, create further hydraulic problems by compounding the surge and
water hammer phenomena instead of alleviating or eliminating these
phenomena. These devices are usually substantially more costly than
conventional air valves and are therefore only used at specific points on a
pipeline e.g. at the peak of steep slopes and subsequent to check valves. They
therefore provide limited protection as surge or water hammer will, depending on
the valve used and the discharge velocity within the pipeline, be induced at every
air valve location.
It follows therefore that there is a great demand for an air valve that does not
have the drawbacks of conventional air valves as described above, as it must
effectively draw in air under vacuum conditions, effectively release air during
initial filling and under operating pressures and, eliminate surge and water
hammer as an automatic and integral function, during column separation and
initial filling. This seemingly "tall order" for a mechanical device such as an air
valve has been achieved by Vent-O-Mat, in their Series RBX range of "Anti Shock" air valves.
Product Background
The advanced and unique Vent-O-Mat air valve design was introduced in 1982.
Obviously commitment to research and development was needed to gain
credibility amongst pipeline engineers for the actual operating concept. As a
result, the company embarked on an intensive research and development
programme.
All performance data available from air valve manufacturers world wide was
reviewed. It was found that even where designs and configurations were virtually
the same, the published data varied in the extreme. Surge and water hammer as
a result of air release and a number of other conventional air valve short comings
were not included in many manufacturers' published data. This was despite of
research that has been done by some manufacturers and a number of well
known and respected authorities on surge and water hammer over the past 30
years, pin pointing problems associated with conventional air valves. The only
logical conclusion is that that most available data should at the very least be
considered questionable, unless substantiated by third party testing.

The use of Vent-O-Mat in the field indicated that it solved a number of major
pipeline problems. Some of these problems and how they were solved, are
described in the section titled "Incidents and Solutions".
Of interest to the design engineer and end user was the fact that for the first time,
an effective and efficient air valve existed that, in addition to it's air valve
functions effectively eliminated surge and water hammer as a standard and
automatic function. The abilities of the valve was not based solely on the
manufacturer's claim but was substantiated by the Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research and other testing, and was corroborated by findings of others
in the field.
This has in essence revolutionised the manner in which air valves and surge
protection equipment are viewed during pipeline design as the Vent-O-Mat valve
design presents the consulting engineer with a more cost effective and efficient
alternative to the building of pipelines and the management of destructive
phenomena such as surge, water hammer and vacuum.
In addition efficiency on existing pipelines can be enhanced by up to 30% and
surge and water hammer can be substantially reduced by the mere replacement
of conventional air valves with the Vent-O-Mat design. This takes a great load off
authorities who are constantly pressed to increase supply but do not have the
finance to do so immediately, as it allows them to increase flow through existing
infrastructure at the mere cost of replacing the air valves. Which ultimately allows
for the proper study and the gathering of finances to build new pipelines.
The Vent-O-Mat design has transcended the line of being a mere air valve or
surge alleviation mechanism as it represents more than just the combination of
these two functions (although it is described as an air valve/ surge alleviation
mechanism in this document). It will become obvious to the user that the
descriptions: "an air bag for water pipelines" or "the safety belt for water
pipelines" or "pipeline efficiency enhancing device" all describe but a mere
function of the valve as it performs all these functions and more. In fact it is best
described as a cost effective pipeline management mechanism incorporating the
features of a double acting air valve and surge alleviation device. The acronym
CATT (Controlled Air Transfer Technology) is being used more often by
engineers to describe it's application to pipeline design.
Vent-O-Mat Operation
The Vent-O-Mat Series RBX valve, under normal conditions, operates as a
standard air valve with the exception that it does not have the drawbacks such
as: restricted large orifice diameters, is not affected by phenomena such as the
"Venturi Effect" or "Dynamic Closure" and does not induce surge and water
hammer on closure of the large orifice.

The valve reacts, in instances of rapid filling or column separation as an effective

surge alleviation mechanism, in that it automatically controls the rate of air
discharge, thereby effectively dissipating the energy of the surge whilst
decelerating the approaching water column. The operation of the valve under
these conditions can be compared to a safety air bag in a motor vehicle.
Venting of a Filling Pipeline (Sub Critical Water Approach Velocity)

Air enters Orifice (3), travels through the annular space between the cylindrical
floats (4), (5) and (6) and the Valve Chamber Barrel (2) and discharges from the
Large Orifice (1) into atmosphere.
Venting of a Filling Pipeline (Excessive Water Approach Velocity)

In reaction to the increased air flow, Float (6) closes the Large Orifice (1) and air
is forced through the "Anti-Shock" Orifice (8) resulting in the deceleration of the
approaching water due to the resistance of the rising air pressure in the valve.

Pressurised Air Release from a Full Pipeline

Subsequent to the filling of a pipeline, liquid enters the valve Barrel Chamber (2)
and the Float (4), (5) and (6) are buoyed so that the Large orifice (1) is closed by
Float (6), the valve will then become internally pressurised. A minimal working
pressure of < 0.5 bar acting on a relatively large area of the Orifice (1) will lock
Floats (5) and (6) into a closed position across the Large Orifice (1).
Disentrained air rises through the liquid and accumulates in the valve chamber,
when the volume of air is sufficient to displace the liquid, Float (4) will no longer
be buoyant and will gravitate downwards thereby opening the Small Orifice (7)
and allowing accumulated air to be discharged into atmosphere, as air is
discharged the liquid raises Float (4) and reseals the Small Orifice (7) and
prevents the escape of liquid.
Vacuum Relief (Air Intake) of a Draining Pipeline

Simultaneous drainage of liquid from Valve Chamber (2) causes Floats (4), (5)
and (6) to gravitate downwards onto the Baffle Plate (9), thereby allowing
atmospheric air through the valve to rapidly displace draining liquid in the pipeline
and prevent potentially damaging internal negative pressure.

Technical Features and Financial Benefits

The criteria for assessing the merits of any form of pipeline equipment would be
capital costs, operating and maintenance requirements. It is likely if all the below
are taken into account, Vent-O-Mat valves will be seen as a cost effective,
reliable and efficient form of pipeline protection.
Vacuum Protection
All Vent-O-Mat valves have large orifice diameters equal to the nominal size of
the valve i.e., a DN200 valve has a 200mm orifice. This ensures the least
possible resistance to the intake of air and consequently the least possible
negative pressure within a draining pipeline.
Conventional air valves have restricted large orifice diameters in relation to the
nominal size of the valve i.e., a DN100 conventional air valve has a large orifice
of 73mm. A DN80 Vent-O-Mat can therefore be cost effectively used in place of a
DN100 conventional air valve, whilst providing 20% greater vacuum protection at
equivalent differential pressures.
Discharge Performance
The Vent-O-Mat design is not limited by the velocity within the pipeline and the
differential across the large orifice as conventional air valves are, and will
effectively remove all air from a filling pipeline, whilst eliminating all possibilities
of surge or water hammer on closure of the large orifice.
Serviceability
The Vent -O- Mat design is virtually maintenance free, but facilitates extreme
ease of service and maintenance in the rare instances when required.
Components are in corrosion free materials to allow problem free disassembly
and reassemble even after years of operation. All maintenance spares are
replaceable without special tools or skills.
Performance
Vent -O-Mat RBX has been designed and developed to provide the optimum
usable and safe performance relative to all functions. Selection data has been
substantiated through the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - South
Africa and other testing and can therefore be confidently referenced.
Surge and Water Hammer
Surge and water hammer as a result of air release and the short comings of air
valve are factors that are very often overlooked by design engineers. It is

therefore not uncommon for pipelines to experience these phenomena despite

careful computer modeling.
Vent-O-Mat offers a cost effective and efficient solution to these phenomena as
all valves are supplied as standard, with an integral "Anti - Shock" surge
alleviation mechanism which only operates in instances such as rapid filling or
column separation to effectively and efficiently eliminate surge and water
hammer (very much like an air bag in a motor vehicle in that it only operates in
emergencies).
The "Anti-Shock" mechanism together with other features of the Vent-O-Mat
design provides a number of financial benefits some of which are:

The elimination of surge vessels and other traditional surge protection

devices as the valve acts both as an effective double acting air valve and
as a cost effective surge alleviation mechanism. This renders total
protection to a pipeline at a fraction of the cost of any other conventional
method.
The shortening of operational procedures without the risk of pipeline
collapse, premature closure or water hammer. This allows for major time
saving.
The cost saving on over specified pipe. Very many design engineers over
specify on pipe thickness to prevent unforeseen pipeline damage. This is
unnecessary when using Vent-O-Mat air valves as it efficiently and cost
effectively manages air within the pipeline, therefore greatly minimizing the
possibility of unforeseen accidents.
Increase of flow through existing infrastructure. Many pipelines operate
very inefficiently because of the restrictions created by air that is not
released effectively by conventional air valves. Vent-O-Mat valves are
designed to discharge all air in a pipeline regardless of flow velocities,
without the inducement of water hammer and other destructive
phenomena associated with kinetic valves. This feature allows for the
increase of flow, of up to 30%, through existing infrastructure, by the mere
replacement of conventional air valves with the Vent-O-Mat design.

INCIDENTS AND SOLUTIONS

Conventional air valves as mentioned previously often cause damage to
pipelines, or present major operating problems that lead to inefficient pipeline
operation. This is especially evident in pipelines built in the last 30 years, due to
the introduction of kinetic air valves, the demand for larger and more complex
pipeline systems, and the necessity to build more cost effective systems. Some
of conventional air valves problems and how they were solved, are discussed
below.
Faster Filling Times
One of the water authorities in the Free State province of South Africa, which
supplies water to the goldfields and surrounding rural communities, has been
using conventional air valves and were aware that their air valves were giving
them major operational problems.
It was decided to replace the air valves on an existing 56km line with Vent-O-Mat
valves in order to assess their benefits.
The benefits of this decision was immediate and enormous as: surge in the line
was virtually eliminated, a substantial increase in flow was experienced, and the
line could be filled in a 6th of the time it took when conventional valves were
employed.
This pleased the authorities to such a degree that they have decided to use VentO-Mat valves on all new pipelines and to replace existing conventional valves
with the Vent-O-Mat design as and when their budget allowed. An enormous task
considering that they supply up to 216 mega litres a day, have a bulk water
supply pipe network of 700km and supply an area of 8000km2.
Increase in Flow and Reduction of Surge in a Gravity Main
Pietermaritzburg is the second largest city and the provincial capital of the Kwa
Zulu/Natal province. The municipality, who is responsible for the city's water
supply, were experiencing surge problems on a fairly old - gravity fed pipeline on
which conventional air valves were employed.
It was assumed that the surge was related to the use of an end line level control
valve. Vent-O-Mat however suspected that the surge was related to the Non
Kinetic air valves employed and recommended that these be replaced with the
Vent-O-Mat design.
Only half of the pipeline was initially fitted with Vent-O-Mat valves to assess any
changes in the magnitude of surge pressures, and flow. It was found that the
surge pressures had been reduced substantially and that the flow through the

pipeline had increased substantially, representing a major saving to the water

authority. Arrangements were made, at the time of printing this document, to fit
the rest of the pipeline with Vent-O-Mat valves. It is hoped that this will further
increase flow through the pipeline and therefore increase savings to the
municipality.
Surge Problems Solved
Transvaal Suiker Beperk, one of the largest sugar estates in South Africa, with a
daily pumping capacity of 900 mega litres, was experiencing pipe breaks on their
fibre cement pipelines. This occurred usually when the pipelines were drained
and refilled which happened quite often.
The estate could not find the reason for this phenomena occurring, as it persisted
despite a consulting engineering firm's recommendations. Vent-O-Mat knew that
the reason for these phenomena occurring was directly related to the use of
Kinetic air valves which induced pressure transients of great magnitude on
closure of the large orifice and resulted in pipe breaks. It was therefore
recommended that the existing air valves be replaced with valves of the Vent-OMat design. This resulted in an immediate end to the pipe breaks and the
pipelines have been operating - problem free ever since then.
Kinetic Valves and Flooded Valve Chambers
Although very many manufacturers claim that their air valve are of kinetic design,
research has proven this to be seldomly true. True Kinetic air valves present
major pipeline problems, it is therefore not of marketing benefit to make this claim
anyhow. This can be seen from the following pipeline incident.
A prominent consulting engineer had specified a particular kinetic air valve
design for use on a fairly large pipeline. Design of the pipeline was carried out on
the basis of the valve's high velocity discharge capabilities, totally ignoring a
number of possible problems.
These problems only became evident when the pipeline was commissioned and
the air valves failed to close, due the phenomenon described earlier on in this
document. This resulted in the air valves flooding the valve chambers and
washing away the embankment on which the pipeline was built.
The end result was a great loss of money by the manufacturer as the client
demanded the damages to be repaired, an extremely angry client, and the
consulting engineer filing a law suit against the manufacturer.

Kinetic Air Valves and Seal Failure

Botswana experiences extremely cold winter mornings and extremely hot midday
summer temperatures. The country is arid and water pipelines are laid over long
distances to supply water to towns and villages.
A consulting engineer had specified a particular Kinetic air valve design for use
on a recently built pipeline. It was observed that the seal between the isolator
and air valve failed every time the pipeline was filled. The failure was laid down to
the extreme variation in temperature. This was however very peculiar as the use
of similar seals on other pipelines in the vicinity, where a variety of air valves
designs were used for decades, did not render the same phenomenon.
Subsequent research proved that this phenomenon occurs at high differential
pressures of 80 - 85 bar. The pressure transients that the Kinetic air valves
induced on closure had therefore to exceed a pressure of 85 bar for this
phenomenon to occur.
The above are but a few of a number of phenomena that occur as a result of air
valves. Of importance to the reader is the fact that these problems can be solved
cost effectively by using the Vent-O-Mat design. The author was, at the time of
publishing this document, gathering all the technical and financial details on the
above and other similar cases to publish in a later document which will give a fair
indication to the engineer and end user of the financial savings in using the VentO-Mat design and of the financial and efficiency losses in instances where other
air valve designs were used.

SELECTION AND POSITIONING OF DOUBLE ACTING

VALVES
The presence of air in a water main in service or in the process of being filled is
well known to be the cause of serious problems such as delay in filling, throttling
and reduction in discharge capacities, risk of surge and water hammer, and
corrosion.
The indiscriminate selection and positioning of double acting air valves, without
thorough evaluation of the systems characteristics and dynamics and inherent
short comings in the air valve design selected, will not solve the problem of air in
the main but can and will lead to the aggravation of phenomena associated with
it's presence as well as introduce other destructive phenomena.
Air valve selection and positioning is a complex exercise because of the
unpredictable nature of air as it is influenced by many factors such as pressure,
temperature, pipeline velocities etc., and it in turn influences the pipeline
dynamics dramatically. The problem is compounded in that air is an invisible
culprit, making it difficult to quantify.
This section of the document provides the design engineer with a guideline of
where to position double acting air valves and points to consider when selecting
an air valve design.
INTRODUCTORY NOTES
1.

It is standard practice for very many designers to specify an air valve based
on it's nominal diameter only. This is a peculiar practice when it is
considered that it is the large orifice area and the dynamic characteristics
which determines an air valve's performance. It cannot therefore be taken
for granted that different valve designs of the same nominal diameter will
perform equally. Accurate selection of a double acting air valve can only be
achieved by reference to substantiated performance data for a particular
design.

2.

An air valve's intake performance, regardless of it's design, is limited to 0.35

bar differential across the large orifice. Pipeline materials such as fibre
cement pipe can withstand lower negative pressures than -0.35 bar but it is
of no benefit to size beyond this point as a partial vacuum will exist which
will result in the sucking in of seal systems or damage to other components
which are vulnerable to negative pressures.
It is beyond the scope of this document to consider the mechanical strength
characteristics of the wide variety of piping materials in general use. The
relevant manufacturer should be contacted to determine the collapsing
pressure for the material under consideration. It is recommended from

practical experience that a differential of 0.35 bar be used for fairly rigid
materials such as fibre cement and steel pipe. A differential pressure of
0.15 bar is recommended for plastic pipes and thin walled, large diameter
steel pipes.
3.

Conventional air valves should be limited on discharge, to 0.05 bar

differential across the large orifice, regardless of whether the valve under
consideration is of a Kinetic or Non Kinetic design. This is due to the fact
that non Kinetic air valves close prematurely at a higher differential causing
corrosion, pipeline restriction and surge. Kinetic valves on the other hand
induce damaging water hammer on closure (depending on the differential
pressure on closure and pipe material strength) which can lead to pipe
failure or an array of other destructive phenomena as described under
"Conventional Air Valve Designs".

4.

Conventional air valves do not provide surge and water hammer protection,
they have therefore to be used in conjunction with conventional surge
devices.
Vent-O-Mat air valves in addition to acting as efficient air valves, prevent
surge and water hammer as an automatic function. The use of Vent-O-Mat
air valves therefore obviate the need for surge and water hammer
equipment, which relates to a major saving to the end user in initial cost and
maintenance requirements.

LOCATION OF AIR VALVES FOR AIR INTAKE THROUGH LARGE ORIFICE.

Air valves are first and foremost sized for vacuum conditions which may result
from scouring of the pipeline, pipeline rupture or instantaneous pump stoppage
causing column separation. The following provides a guide of where to position
air valves for vacuum conditions and how to determine air valves sizes. Note the
calculations are to determine large orifice performance capacities. It is important
not to exceed a differential pressure of 0.35 bar as described in point 2 of the
introductory notes.
1.

Apex Points

From the pipeline under consideration, identify the apex points which fall below
the hydraulic gradient.

Fig.16 Indicating apex points below the hydraulic gradient.

Calculate necessary valves independently for each apex.
Consider the most severe of the two gradients adjacent to each high point.
Determine the maximum rate of flow that can occur in this gradient as a result of
pipe rupture at the lowest elevation or, flow due to scouring. Generally valves are
sized on scouring velocities or partial rupture to economise on the valve size
selected.
The following equation can be used to determine maximum flow rate (based on
full rupture). The required rate of air intake will be equivalent to that of the liquid
drainage rate.

It is important to note that the valve selected should not exceed a differential of
0.35 bar while drawing in air across the large orifice (or lower, depending on pipe
material). Restrictions in large orifice diameters and phenomena such as the
"Venturi Effect" should be taken into account when selecting an air valve design.
Sometimes a single rupture of a pipeline can result in drainage of both gradients
adjacent to an apex point. Unless this is impossible, due to the pipeline
characteristics or preventative mechanisms, it is advisable to select the number
and size air valves accordingly.

An important consideration in a pumping main is the possibility of pump trip and

the rejoining of separated water columns, which could lead to damaging surge
and water hammer. Conventional air valves have no way of limiting the discharge
of air under such conditions and will therefore compound the water hammer
phenomenon on closure of the large orifice. Vent-O-Mat air valves automatically
limit the occurrence of this phenomenon by controlling the air discharge rate
through the "Anti Shock" orifice, therefore providing total pipeline protection.
2.

Negative Breaks

A negative break is defined as an increase in a downward slope or a decrease in

an upward slope.

Decrease In Upward Slope

Increase In Downward Slope

Fig.17 Indicating negative breaks

From the pipeline under consideration identify all negative breaks.
Assume a pipe rupture at the bottom of the most severe slope, or complete pump
stoppage.
A cavity will form at the point of change in slope that is equal the difference in
flow in the two gradients. The rate of air flow into the pipeline should therefore
equal the cavity developing rate.
The following equation can be used to determine the cavity developing rate and
hence the air valve size required.

It is important to note that the valve selected should not exceed a differential of
0.35 bar across the large orifice (or lower, depending on pipe material).
Restrictions in large orifice diameters and phenomena such as the "Venturi
Effect" should be taken into account when selecting an air valve design.
3.

Long Ascending Sections

From what has already been established, there will be a double acting air valve
positioned at the top end of every ascending section. If the length of the
ascending section is considerable, additional air valves will be required, to
ensure adequate discharge when filling the pipeline and ample ventilation when it
is being drained. It is recommended that these valves be positioned at intervals
of 600m maximum to ensure both functions are performed effectively.

Fig.18 Long Ascending Sections

To size the air valves for these positions, firstly calculate for air intake
requirements, based on rupture, pump stoppage, or scouring velocities.
Before determining the valve size, compare the intake requirements with the
filling rate. If the filling rate is greater than the intake rate, then the valves should
be sized according to the filling rate.
Of utmost importance, is not to exceed a differential of 0.05 bar across the large
orifice when sizing, based on filling rates, for conventional valves. A greater
differential will lead to either premature closure of the large orifice and inefficient
air release (Non Kinetic Air Valve designs) or, water hammer (Kinetic Air Valve
designs).
Vent-O-Mat air valves are not affected by dynamic closure, neither will the valve
induce water hammer on closure of the large orifice. The valve is designed to
discharge all air in a pipeline, regardless of filling velocities. Valve size selection
is therefore based on vacuum requirements only.

4.

Long Descending Sections

The sizing and positioning of double acting air valves for these are exactly the
same as for long ascending sections.

Fig.19 Long Descending Sections.

5.

Long Horizontal Sections

Long horizontal sections should wherever possible be avoided. Ideally a pipeline

should have a minimum slope of 3 to 6 millimetres per metre to facilitate effective
air removal as air will tend to gravitate to the highest point, allowing for removal
along the pipeline and at peaks. If long horizontal sections are unavoidable then
air valves should be positioned at 600m intervals.
The sizing of air valves at these positions should be based on the filling rate.
Of utmost importance, is not to exceed a differential of 0.05 bar across the large
orifice when sizing, based on filling rates, for conventional valves.
6.

Pump Discharge - Subsequent to a Check Valve

Fig.20 Air Valve subsequent to a check valve on a pumping main.

Assume total pump stoppage.

The air valve size required will be based on an air inflow rate equivalent to the
pump flow rate.
Important, when sizing for conventional air valves, do not exceed 0.05 bar
differential across the large orifice on filling.
Of utmost importance is that conventional air valves positioned at this point, have
no way of controlling the discharge of air when pump trip occurs, and a
separated column commences to rejoin. This will ultimately result in high surge
pressures and pipeline damage.
Air vessels are normally positioned at this point to prevent the phenomena of
surge and water hammer. This function can however be performed much more
cost effectively and efficiently by the installation of a Vent-O-Mat air valve.
7.

Prior to a Check Valve on Deep Well Pump Installations

Fig.21 Air valve placed subsequent to a pump but prior to a check valve on a
DeepWell application.
An air valve is essential at this point to prevent large volumes of air entering the
pipeline each time the pump is started and to prevent a vacuum when the pump
stops.
A conventional air valve is not suitable for this application as it will either induce
water hammer on closure of the large orifice or, not close at all due to the high
water velocity, or close prematurely trapping large pockets of air which leads to
operating problems.

It is recommended that a Vent-O-Mat or similar air valve design be used for this
application, that will control the discharge of air to eliminate water hammer
problems as well as adequately protect against vacuum conditions.
The air valve selected, should be sized on pump discharge velocities.
8.

Blank Ends

This is usually where a pipeline is terminated by a blank flange or a valve. A

valve selected for this positioned should be sized on pipe filling rate, whilst not
exceeding 0.05 bar differential across the large orifice, if conventional air valves
are considered.

LOCATION OF AIR VALVES FOR DISCHARGE THROUGH LARGE ORIFICE.

Generally, the location of air valves for air intake will suffice for air discharge. The
sizes selected however (if conventional air valves are considered) may not be
large enough to discharge air efficiently and effectively or may induce a number
of destructive phenomena if discharging at too high a differential.
It is strongly recommended, based on research over the past 35 years, that the
differential across the large orifice of any conventional air valve design does not
exceed 0.05 bar on discharge. This is to prevent premature closure and
subsequent air related problems in Non Kinetic Air valves, and water hammer in
Kinetic designs.
If conventional air valves are considered, then every air valve selected for air
intake, should be assessed separately for discharge. This is done by comparing
the discharge requirements (not exceeding 0.05 bar differential across the large
orifice) with that for intake and selecting the larger valve size i.e., if the air
discharge requirement is 300 l/sec. (air discharge is equal to water filling rate)
and the air intake requirement is only 150 l/sec., then an air valve should be
selected to discharge 300 l/sec, whilst not exceeding 0.05 bar across the large
orifice.
The same is not true for Vent-O-Mat air valves as the valves selected for air
intake will efficiently and effectively discharge air, whilst protecting the pipeline
from surge, water hammer and vacuum.
SMALL ORIFICE FUNCTION
Effective discharge by any double acting valve of pressurised air depends on the
existence of a "Critical Relationship" between the area of the small orifice and the
mass of the control float, i.e., the mass of the float must be greater than the force
created by the working pressure acting on the orifice area. If the float is relatively

too light or the orifice area relatively too great, the float will be held against the
orifice, even when not buoyed, and air discharge will not take place.
Air valves of hollow float design often do not have the correct "Critical
Relationship" between the control float and the discharge nozzle, resulting in
valves not discharging pressurised air, which inevitably leads to air related
problems such as surge, restrictions in flow and corrosion as air accumulates
under the air valve.
THE PIPELINE AS A WHOLE
When air valve provisions have been made for all situations mentioned, it is
desirable to check the water main as a whole to ensure that the air valve design
and other components selected will perform their intended function adequately
without the creation of surge and water hammer or other destructive phenomena.
It will be obvious to the prudent engineer that Vent-O-Mat air valves provide a
very cost effective and efficient solution to a number of pipeline problems, as the
valves do not have the maintenance requirements or operational draw backs of
conventional air valve designs. The valve, whilst sized and positioned as a
conventional air valve, provides effective surge, water hammer and vacuum
protection, obviating the need for conventional surge protection devices on a
pipeline.
RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION AND AIR VALVE CHAMBER DESIGN
It is common practice amongst many design engineers to place an air valve on a
riser welded directly onto the main pipeline. This method however leads to
inefficient air valve operation and restrictions in the main pipeline as the air that is
taken in the pipeline during vacuum conditions collect away from the air valve,
and will be swept away when the pumps are restarted. Vent-O-Mat recommends,
from years of practical experience, that an accumulator should be provided for
every air valve in order to facilitate efficient air valve operation.
A well designed air valve chamber is of importance and should be designed with
easy access to the valve for installation and subsequent maintenance. Good
support is required in the event of the chamber settling. It is recommended that a
layer of stone be placed under the pipe for drainage purposes. Two vents should
be installed in the manner indicated in fig 22.

Fig.22 Typical air valve chamber

DEFINITIONS
Air Valves
Valves that allow the automatic entry and/or release of air.
Double Acting Air Valves (Air Release and Vacuum Break Valves)
Valves that allow the automatic release and intake of air as well as the release of
air under pressure.
Large Orifice
The opening through which air discharge to and from atmosphere occurs.
Small Orifice
The opening through which the discharge of pressurised air occurs.
Non Kinetic Air Valve
Air valves that have the tendency to close at very low differential air pressures,
often trapping large pockets of air in the pipeline.
Kinetic Air Valves
Valves that resist dynamic closure by air and only close in the presence of water,
generating high transient pressures as the water is suddenly arrested by the
operating float sealing off the large orifice.
Surge Pressures
A sudden rise in pressure and subsequent liquid oscillation on closure of a Non
Kinetic Air Valve.
Water Hammer
High pressure transients as a result of the sudden closure of a Kinetic Air Valve,
control, non return or isolating valve.
Air Valve/ Surge Alleviation Mechanism
Any device that in addition to operating as an Air Valve, reduces or eliminates
surge and/ or water hammer.
Anti-Shock Mechanism
A proprietary surge alleviation mechanism, that is designed to act automatically
in instances where the pipeline is at risk to damage by either surge or water
hammer.
CATT
CATT is the acronym for Controlled Air Transfer Technology and is applied to a
pipeline flow enhancing device, incorporating the features of a very efficient
double acting air valve and surge alleviation mechanism.

REFERENCES
1. Balutto A.P., Muller M.P., Points to Consider when Sizing and Positioning Air
Release and Vacuum Break Valves for Water Pipelines. Mulric Hydro
Projects, 1995.
2. Clarke D.S., Surge Supression- A Warning, BHRA Conference, University of
Manchester, 1985.
3. Willis J., Design and Positioning of Air Valves, Hydro Projects, South African
Institution of Civil Engineers, One Day Course on Pipeline Engineering,
1990.
4. Muller M.P., Practical Case Studies of the Effects of Conventional Air Valves
on Effective Pipeline Operation, unpublished paper, 1993.
5. Van Vuren S.J., High Induced Pressures Consequential to the Misapplication
of Kinetic air valves IAHR Conference, Victoria Falls, 1993.
6. K du Buisson, Transient Pressures Induced by Air Valves on Closure of the
Large Orifice, Manufacturing and Aeronautical Systems Technology, Council
for Scientific and Industrial Research - South Africa, Tests AERO 94/140,
1994.
7. Apco, Air and Check Valve Catalogue
8. Cambell A., The Effects of Air Valves on Surge in Pipelines, 4th International
Conference on Pressure Surges, 1983.
9. Thorely A.R.D. Check valve behaviour under Transient Flow Conditions - a
state of the art review - Jo Fluid Engineering, Trans. ASME. Vol 111, 1989.
10. Lesovitch J.E. Location and Sizing of Air Release Valves, AWWA, 1972
11. Tullis J.P. et al , Water Hammer Analyses with Air Release. Paper C3,
Second International Conference on Pressure Surges, City University,
London, 1976.
12. Kolp D.A. Water Hammer generated by Air Release, Master thesis, Colorado
State University. Fort Collins, Colorado, 1986
13. Alverton M.L. and Andrews J.S., Transients caused by Air Release, section
of handbook: "Control of Flow in Closed Conduits", edited by Tullis J.P.,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 1977.
14. Moss E.A., An analysis of flows through air valves and orifices - Unpublished
paper, sept 1996.

AIR RELEASE AND VACUUM BREAK VALVES SERIES RBX ANTI-SHOCK

The Unique defence against pipe bursts and pipeline system damage!
Vent-O-Mat Series RBX has evolved from a long lineage of research and
development into a product that has proven unsurpassed for air release, vacuum
protection, surge alleviation and pipeline flow enhancement.
The basis of the Vent-O-Mat design is in the understanding of the physical laws
that govern air valve and pipeline operation. Reaction to pipeline dynamics is
therefore instantaneous and protection provided is relevant to the pipelines
needs.
Vent-O-Mat Series RBX truly represents the pinnacle of valve design evolution.
This valve design provides the most comprehensive, effective and efficient
pipeline protection relative to initial cost of any other available pipeline
component. This can easily be gauged from below:
Automatic Surge Protection
The Unique Series RBX valve incorporates as standard, three design features to
automatically protect a pipeline, under all pipeline operating conditions, from the
destructive surge and water hammer phenomena. These features are
independent of any mechanical devices ensuring reaction in a very low milli
second time span.
Effective Air Release
The RBX design ensures effective de-aeration under all pipeline flow and
operating conditions, via either one of three discharge orifices.
Vacuum Protection
The RBX Series large orifice diameters equal the nominal size of the valve. This
ensures the least possible resistance to the intake of air and consequently the
least possible negative pressure within a draining pipeline. The use of solid,
cylindrical floats ensures instantaneous reaction, discourages the Venturi
phenomenon and is a further guarantee of effective vacuum protection.
Guaranteed Performance
The RBX has been designed and developed to provide the optimum usable and
safe performance relative to all functions. Selection data has been substantiated
through third party testing and can therefore be confidently referenced.

The surge protection function of the RBX design has been incorporated in the
well-known SURGE 5 surge analysis programmes such as FLOWMASTER and
TRANSAM.
Unparalleled Service
Vent-O-Mat is committed to customer service and to the selling of solutions. Our
highly dedicated team is available at all times to assist with air valve sizing and
positioning. Assistance is also provided in finding the most cost effective and/or
efficient surge protection strategy relevant to the pipelines needs.
International Representation
Vent-O-Mat is represented in the following countries and regions:

USA
Canada
Carribean
United Arab Emirates
South America
Thailand
Germany
Kenya
Egypt
UK
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Tanzania
Malawi
Zambia
Namibia
Hong Kong
Taiwan
New Zealand
Vietnam
Kuwait
Brazil
France
Singapore
Australia

Series RBX
"ANTI - SHOCK"
AIR RELEASE & VACUUM BREAK VALVES
CATALOGUE INDEX

CONTENT

PAGE

OPERATION -SERIES RBX

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENTS -SERIES RBX
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBX
DN25 (1") & DN50 (2") - Screwed
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBX
DN80 (3") & DN100 (4") - Flanged
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBX
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8") - Flanged
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBX
DN25 (1") & DN50 (2") - Screwed
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBX
DN80 (3") & DN100 (4") - Flanged
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBX
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8") - Flanged
SELECTION & POSITIONING - SERIES RBX
SURGE & WATERHAMMER PROTECTION SERIES RBX
SMALL ORIFICE DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE
WHY VENT -O- MAT SERIES RBX ?
PURCHASE SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBX
ORDERING GUIDE & TEST SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBX
OPERATION - SERIES RBXb
RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENTS - SERIES RBXb
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION - SERIES RBXb
DN25 (1") & DN50 (2") - Screwed
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBXb
DN80(3") & DN100 (4") - Flanged
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION - SERIES RBXb
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8") - Flanged
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBXb
DN25 (1") & DN50 (2") - Screwed
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBXb
DN80 (3") & DN100 (4") - Flanged
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBXb
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8") - Flanged
PURCHASE SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBXb
OPERATION - SERIES RBXv
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION - SERIES RBXv
DN25 (1") & DN50 (2") - Screwed
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBXv
DN80(3") & DN100 (4") - Flanged
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION - SERIES RBXv
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8") - Flanged
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBXv
DN25 (1") & DN50 (2") - Screwed
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBXv
DN80 (3") & DN100 (4") - Flanged
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBXv
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8") - Flanged
PURCHASE SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RBXv
ORDERING GUIDE & TEST SPECIFICATION - SERIES RBXb & RBXv

1-2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 - 12
13 - 14
15
16
17
18
19 - 20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29 - 30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

Series RBX
OPERATION

PRE NOTES:
1. VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE:
The operation of a kinetic air release valve is such that fast approaching water is almost
instantaneously halted by the valve's closure without the shock cushioning benefit of any
retained air in the pipeline. Consequently a transient pressure rise or shock of potentially
damaging proportions can be generated in a pipeline system, even at normal filling rates.
In addition to venting through the Large Orifice (1) when water approach velocities are sub
critical, the Vent-O- Mat series RBX air release valves feature an automatic Anti Shock Orifice (8)
device that serves to decelerate water approaching at excessive speed, thereby limiting
pressure rise to a maximum of 2 x rated working pressure of the valve.
2. SURGE ALLEVIATION - PIPELINE PRESSURIZED:
In instances where a pipeline experiences water column separation due to pump stoppage, high
shock pressures can be generated when the separated water column rejoins.
The Vent -O- Mat series RBX takes in air through the unobstructed large orifice when water
column separation occurs, but controls the discharge of air through the 'Anti Shock' Orifice as
the separated column commences to rejoin. The rejoining impact velocity is thereby sufficiently
reduced to prevent an unacceptably high surge pressure in the system. In the same way the
series RBX valve prevents high surge pressures resulting from liquid oscillation in a pipeline.
3. PRESSURIZED AIR RELEASE FROM A FULL PIPELINE:
Effective discharge by the valve of pressurized air depends on the existence of a 'CRITICAL
RELATIONSHIP' between the area of the Small Orifice (7) and the mass of Control Float (4),
i.e., the mass of the float must be greater than the force created by the working pressure acting
on the orifice area. If the float is relatively too light or the orifice area relatively too great, the float
will be held against the orifice, even when not buoyed,and air discharge will not be effected.
To ensure that the correct 'CRITICAL RELATIONSHIP' exists the requisite 'DROP TEST'
described under TEST SPECIFICATION on page 17 must be applied to any air release valve
which is intended for discharge of pressurized air.

VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE (SUB CRITICAL WATER APPROACH VELOCITY)

Air enters Orifice (3), travels through the annular space between the cylindrical floats (4), (5), and (6) and the
valve Chamber Barrel (2) and discharges from the Large Orifice (1) into atmosphere.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 1
revision date: May '94

Series RBX
OPERATION

VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE (EXCESSIVE WATER APPROACH VELOCITY)

1

6
8

In reaction to increased air flow, Float (6) closes Large Orifice (1) and air is forced through the Anti Shock
Orifice (8) resulting in deceleration of the approaching water due to the resistance of rising air pressure in the
valve.
Attention is drawn to Pre Note 1 and 2 on page 1.

PRESSURIZED AIR RELEASE FROM A FULL PIPELINE

1
2
7
3

6
5
4

Subsequent to the filling of a pipeline, liquid enters the valve Barrel Chamber (2) and the Floats (4), (5) and
(6) are buoyed so that the Large Orifice (1) is closed by Float (6), the valve will then become internally
pressurized. A minimal working pressure of < 0. 5 bar (7. 3 psi) acting on the relatively large area of the
Orifice (1) will lock Float (6) into the closed position across the Large Orifice (3).
Disentrained air rises through the liquid and accumulates in the valve chamber, when the volume of air is
sufficient to displace the liquid, Float (4) will no longer be buoyant and will gravitate downwards thereby
opening the Small Orifice (7) and allowing accumulated air to be discharged into atmosphere, as air is
discharged the liquid raises Float (4) and re - seals the Small Orifice (7) and prevents escape of liquid
Specific attention is drawn to pre note 3 on page 1.

VACUUM RELIEF (AIR INTAKE) OF A DRAINING PIPELINE

1
6
2
9
3

5
4

Simultaneous drainage of liquid from Valve Chamber (2) causes Floats (4), (5) and (6) to gravitate
downwards onto the Baffle Plate (9), thereby allowing atmospheric air through the valve to rapidly displace
draining liquid in the pipeline and prevent potentially damaging internal negative pressure.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 2
revision date: May '94

Series RBX

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENTS

TYPE 1

TYPE 2

TYPE 3
(Screwed)

MANHOLE
AIR VENT (AIR OUT)
DIAMETER EQUAL
OR GREATER THAN
NB OF AIR VALVE

AIR VENT (AIR IN)

DIAMETER EQUAL
OR GREATER THAN
NB OF AIR VALVE

VALVE CHAMBER
d = 0.5 DMIN.

h = D MIN.
AIR

D
AIR ACCUMULATOR

WATER

STONE
LOWER SUMP TO ALLOW DRAINAGE BY SUMP PUMP

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 3
revision date: Feb. '97

Series RBX

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

SCREWED - DN25 (1") & DN50 (2")

Type:
End Connection:
Series RBX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) Screwed BSP (ISO R7)/ NPT Male
with Anti Shock Orifice Mechanism
Nominal Sizes:
DN25 (1")
DN50 (2")

Model No's:
RBX 2511 & 2521
RBX 4011 & 4021

Top Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Pressure Ratings:
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737
Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel Seal
CAF 400 gasket material
BS 2815 Grade A

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Washer
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Guide Screws (Not Shown)

Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304
(only applicable to DN25 (1")
valves)
Tie Rods
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Baffle Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Baffle Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Support Screw
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Optional Test Cock Connection

1/4" BSP/ NPT female

Float Guide
Stainless Steel AISI 304
(only applicable to DN50 (2")
valves)

Lower Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Screwed BSP (ISO R7)/ NPT male

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 4
revision date: July '94

Series RBX

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN80 (3") TO DN100 (4")

Type:
End Connection:
Series RBX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) Flange with screwed studs.
with Anti Shock Orifice Mechanism.
Nominal Sizes:
DN80 (3")
DN100 (4")

Model No's:
RBX 1601 & 1631
RBX 2501 & 2531
RBX 4001 & 4031

Top Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737
Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Barrel Seal
CAF 400 gasket material
BS 2815 Grade A

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel
Stainless Steel 304L
O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Washer
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber

Baffle Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Tie Rods
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Support Screw
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Baffle Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

Optional Test Cock Connection

1/4" BSP/ NPT female

Lower Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 5
revision date: Feb. 97

Series RBX

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN150 (6") TO DN200 (8")

Type:
End Connection:
Series RBX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) Flange
with Anti Shock Orifice Mechanism.
Nominal Sizes:
DN150 (6")
DN200 (8")

Model No's:
RBX 1601 & 1631
RBX 2501 & 2531
RBX 4001 & 4031

Top Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI#300
Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737
Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Barrel Seal
CAF 400 gasket material
BS 2815 Grade A

Nuts

Barrel
Stainless Steel 304L

Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Washer
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber

Baffle Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Tie Rods
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Support Screw
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Baffle Plate
Mild Steel BS 4360 Gr. 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated.
Optional Test Cock Connection
1/4" BSP/ NPT female
Lower Flange Assembley
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 6
revision date: Feb. 97

Series RBX

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

SCREWED - DN25 (1") & DN50 (2")

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Anti Shock Orifice
mechanism.

VEN

T
MA

T-O-

End Connection:
Screwed BSP/ NPT male

RBX

Nominal Sizes:
DN25 (1") & DN50 (2")
Model No's:
RBX 2511& 2521
RBX 4011 & 4021

Pressure Ratings bar (psi)

PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
25 (363)
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 C (40 F) to 80 C (180 F)
Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.

Function:
i) High volume air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) High volume air intake - pipeline draining
iii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iv) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge, water
column separation & liquid oscillation.

Materials of Construction: - see page 4

Installation:- see page 3

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm in.
25 1"
25 1"
50 2"
50 2"

MODEL No.
025 RBX 2511 & 2521
025 RBX 4011 & 4021
050 RBX 2511 & 2521
050 RBX 4011 & 4021

PRESSURE RATING
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

information subject to change without prior notice

A
Mm in.
120 4 3/ 4
120 4 3/ 4
165 6 1/ 2
165 6 1/2

B
mm in.
265 10 7/16
317 12 1/2
320 12 3/5
335 13 3/16

C
1" BSP/ NPT
1" BSP/ NPT
2" BSP/ NPT
2" BSP/ NPT

D
OPTIONAL
1/4 BSP/NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

WEIGHT
kg. lbs
4.6 10.1
5.2 11.4
9.4 20.6
9.7 21.3

page: 7
revision date: May. '99

Series RBX
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Anti Shock Orifice
mechanism.

VEN

T
MA

T-O-

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10, PN16, PN25 &PN40
SABS 1123 - Tables 1000/3, 1600/3, 2500/3 & 4000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125, Class 250 & ANSI B16. 5 Class 300

RBX

Nominal Sizes:
DN80 (3") & DN100 (4")
Model No's:
RBX 1601 & 1631
RBX 2501 & 2531
RBX 4001 & 4031

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
25 (363)
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 C (40 F) to 80 C (180 F)
D

Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
C

Function:
i) High volume air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) High volume air intake - pipeline draining
iii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iv) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge, water
column separation & liquid oscillation.
DN

Materials of Construction: - see page 5

Installation: - see page 3

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm in
80
3
80
3
80
3
100
4
100
4
100
4

MODEL No.
080 RBX
080 RBX
080 RBX
100 RBX
100 RBX
100 RBX

1601 & 1631

2501 & 2531
4001 & 4031
1601 & 1631
2501 & 2531
4001 & 4031

PRESSURE RATING
PN16
PN25
PN40
PN16
PN25
PN40

(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)

ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300
ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300

information subject to change without prior notice

A
mm
235
235
235
235
235
235

in
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4

B
mm
305
305
320
320
320
353

in
12
12
12 3/5
12 3/5
12 3/5
13 7/8

C
mm
50
50
50
50
50
50

in
2
2
2
2
2
2

OPTIONAL 1/4"
BSP/ NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

WEIGHT
kg.
Lbs
23
50.6
23
50.6
25
55
22
48.5
22
48.5
26
57.2

page: 8
revision date: May. '99

Series RBX
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

End Connection:
Flange for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10, PN16, PN25 &PN40
SABS 1123 - Tables 1000/3, 1600/3, 2500/3 & 4000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125, Class 250 & ANSI B16. 5 Class 300

T-O-

T
MA

VEN

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Anti Shock Orifice
mechanism.

R BX

Nominal Sizes:
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
Model No's:
RBX 1601 & 1631
RBX 2501 & 2531
RBX 4001 & 4031

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
25 (363)
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 C (40 F) to 80 C (180 F)
OPTIONAL 1/4"
BSP/ NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.

Function:
i) High volume air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) High volume air intake - pipeline draining
iii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iv) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge, water
column separation & liquid oscillation.

Materials of Construction: - see page 6

Installation: - see page 3
E

DN

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm in
150
150
150
200
200
200

6
6
6
8
8
8

MODEL No.
150 RBX
150 RBX
150 RBX
200 RBX
200 RBX
200 RBX

1601 & 1631

2501 & 2531
4001 & 4031
1601 & 1631
2501 & 2531
4001 & 4031

PRESSURE RATING
PN16
PN25
PN40
PN16
PN25
PN40

(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)

ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300
ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300

A
mm

in

340
340
340
390
390
390

13 3/8
13 3/8
13 3/8
15 3/4
15 3/8
15 3/8

information subject to change without prior notice

B
mm in

C
mm in

D
E
mm in mm in

440
440
440
480
480
480

120
120
120
130
130
130

22
30
30
24
28
34

17 5/16
17 5/16
17 5/16
18 7/8
18 7/8
18 7/8

4 3/4
4 3/4
4 3/4
5 1/8
5 1/8
5 1/8

7/8
13/16
1 3/16
115/16
1 1/8
1 3/8

285
300
300
340
360
375

F
mm in

11 1/4
11 3/4
11 3/4
13 1/3
14 1/6
14 3/4

582
590
590
634
638
644

22 7/8
23 1/4
23 1/4
24 7/8
25 1/8
25 3/8

WEIGHT
kg. lbs
70 154
70 154
78 171.6
92 202.4
92 202.4
98 215.6

page: 9
revision date: Oct. '98

PRE-NOTES

Series RBX
SELECTION & POSITIONING

The functional limits of an air valve are governed by three physical laws namely: Joukowski's Equation Boyle's Law and
Pascal's Law. Air valve operation however is also dependent on design and internal configuration, and can vary dramatically
from manufacturer's product to manufacturer's product, within the parameters of what is physically possible. The basis of the
Vent -O- Mat design is in the understanding of these laws, which have been used to design an air release and vacuum break
valve that provides the optimum usable safe performance relative to all functions. The following summary is a general
guideline of factors to consider when sizing air valves.
Sizing for Vacuum
Calculate necessary valve orifice sizes independently for each apex point.
Determine the smallest air release and vacuum break valve capable of admitting air into the pipeline equal to the potential
water flow out of the pipeline whilst not exceeding a differential pressure that would put the pipeline and gasket joints at risk.
We recommend 0.35 bar (5psi) Dp for steel pipe or lower if GRP, uPVC or HDPE pipe is being utilised. This exercise is
simplified on pages 11 and 12 of this catalogue. Be cautious of air valve designs with spherical floats as a low pressure zone
is created above the float which causes it to partially close off the large orifice during air intake.
Note that vacuum protection is dependent on valve size selection and orifice size relative to the nominal size of the valve. In
sizing air valves be cautious of designs with restricted orifice diameters, i.e., orifice diameters that are smaller than the
nominal size of the valve, as this could lead to insufficient vacuum protection and pipe collapse if not accommodated for. Vent
-O- Mat large orifice diameters and flow path through the valve is equal to the nominal size of the valve e.g. a DN100 (4")
valve has a 100mm (4") orifice. This ensures the least possible resistance to the intake of air and consequently the least
possible negative pressure within a draining pipeline.
Sizing for Discharge
If a Vent -O- Mat air valve is sized correctly for air intake, discharge should not be a factor in sizing as all air will be
discharged through the large orifice or "Anti-Shock" orifice (refer to RBX operation on pages 1 and 2 of this catalogue). If this
information is used for the sizing of air valves other than Vent-O-Mat, we recommend that a valve be selected that is capable
of discharging air equal to the filling rate, whilst not exceeding a differential of 0.05 bar (0.7) psi across the large orifice in
order to prevent pressure surge and water hammer.
Pressurized Air Discharge
Effective discharge by an air release and vacuum break valve of pressurised air depends on the existence of a "Critical
Relationship" between the area of the small orifice and the mass of the control float, i.e., the mass of the float must be greater
than the force created by the working pressure acting on the orifice area. If the float is relatively too light or the orifice area
relatively too great, the float will be held against the orifice even when not buoyed, and air discharge will not take place.
Surge Alleviation
It is imperative, due to the unpredictable nature of pipeline operation, that every air release and vacuum break valve should
as standard, incorporate a surge and water hammer alleviation mechanism. This mechanism should only be activated in the
instance of high velocity air discharge or pump trip (where the separated liquid columns rejoin at excessive velocities). The
alleviation of surge and/or water hammer must be achieved by deceleration of the approaching liquid prior to valve closure
(see operation of RBX on pages 1 and 2 of this catalogue). Relief mechanisms that act subsequent to valve closure cannot
react in the low millisecond time span required and are therefore unacceptable (refer to pages 13 and 14 of this catalogue).
Kindly contact the manufacturer for a free Air Valve Sizing Disc and a copy of the Vent -O- Mat publication; "Air
Valve Technology Reviewed", which gives a comprehensive guideline on air valve sizing as well as an in-depth look
at air valve research and development over the past 35 years. . Vent-O-Mat in addition provides assistance on air
valve sizing and positioning.
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 10
revision date: Feb. '97

Series RBX
SELECTION & POSITIONING

3000mm

Pipeline flow in ft/sec.

10

20

15

25

30

118"

Selection Graph

2800mm

110"
102"

2600mm
2400mm

2 x DN300 (2 X 12")

2 x DN200 (2 x 8")

DN200 (8")

94"

DN150 (6")

86"

2000mm

78"

1800mm

70"

1600mm

DN80 (3")

DN100 (4")

DN50 (2")

DN25 (1")

62"

1400mm

56"

1200mm

48"

1000mm

40"

800mm

32"

600mm

24"

400mm

16"

200mm

8"
2

PipeD ia

inches mm
4
100
6
150
8
200
10
250
12
300
14
350
16
400
18
450
20
500
22
550
24
600
26
650
28
700
30
750
32
800
34
850
36
900
38
950
40
1000
44
1100
48
1200
52
1300
56
1400
60
1500
62
1600
66
1700
70
1800
74
1900
78
2000
82
2100
86
2200
90
2300
94
2400
98
2500
102
2600
106
2700
110
2800
114
2900
118
3000

0.5
5
10
18
27
39
47
62
79
97
118
140
163
190
219
249
282
317
354
393
475
565
664
770
884
1005
1135
1272
1418
1571
1732
1901
2077
2262
2454
2655
2863
3079
3303
3534

1
9
20
35
55
78
94
124
157
194
236
280
326
380
437
499
564
634
709
785
950
1131
1327
1539
1767
2011
2270
2545
2835
3142
3464
3801
4155
4524
4909
5309
5726
6158
6605
7069

1.5
14
31
53
82
117
141
186
236
291
353
420
489
570
656
748
847
951
1063
1178
1425
1696
1991
2309
2651
3016
3405
3817
4253
4712
5195
5702
6232
6786
7363
7964
8588
9236
9908
10603

2
18
41
70
110
156
188
247
315
388
471
560
653
760
875
998
1129
1268
1418
1571
1901
2262
2655
3079
3534
4021
4540
5089
5671
6283
6927
7603
8310
9048
9817
10619
11451
12315
13210
14137

2.5
23
51
88
137
194
235
309
393
485
589
700
816
949
1093
1247
1411
1585
1772
1963
2376
2827
3318
3848
4418
5027
5675
6362
7088
7854
8659
9503
10387
11310
12272
13273
14314
15394
16513
17671

Pipeline Velocity in Metres per sec.

3
28
61
105
165
233
282
371
472
582
707
839
979
1139
1312
1497
1693
1902
2126
2356
2851
3393
3982
4618
5301
6032
6809
7634
8506
9425
10391
11404
12464
13572
14726
15928
17177
18473
19816
21206

3.5
32
72
123
192
272
329
433
551
679
825
979
1142
1329
1530
1746
1976
2219
2481
2749
3326
3958
4646
5388
6185
7037
7944
8906
9924
10996
12123
13305
14542
15834
17181
18583
20039
21551
23118
24740

4
37
82
141
220
311
376
495
630
776
942
1119
1305
1519
1749
1995
2258
2537
2835
3142
3801
4524
5309
6158
7069
8042
9079
10179
11341
12566
13854
15205
16619
18096
19635
21237
22902
24630
26421
28274

4.5
41
92
158
247
350
423
557
708
873
1060
1259
1468
1709
1968
2245
2540
2854
3190
3534
4276
5089
5973
6927
7952
9048
10214
11451
12759
14137
15586
17106
18696
20358
22089
23892
25765
27709
29723
31809

5
46
102
176
275
389
470
618
787
970
1178
1399
1631
1899
2186
2494
2822
3171
3544
3927
4752
5655
6637
7697
8836
10053
11349
12723
14176
15708
17318
19007
20774
22619
24544
26546
28628
30788
33026
35343

5.5
51
113
193
302
428
517
680
866
1067
1296
1539
1795
2089
2405
2744
3105
3488
3899
4320
5227
6220
7300
8467
9719
11058
12484
13996
15594
17279
19050
20907
22851
24881
26998
29201
31491
33866
36329
38877

6
55
123
211
330
467
564
742
944
1164
1414
1679
1958
2279
2624
2993
3387
3805
4253
4712
5702
6786
7964
9236
10603
12064
13619
15268
17012
18850
20782
22808
24929
27143
29452
31856
34353
36945
39631
42412

Pipeline flow in m/sec.

6.5
60
133
229
357
506
611
804
1023
1261
1532
1819
2121
2468
2842
3242
3669
4122
4607
5105
6177
7351
8628
10006
11486
13069
14754
16540
18429
20420
22513
24709
27006
29405
31907
34510
37216
40024
42934
45946

7
64
143
246
385
545
658
866
1102
1358
1649
1959
2284
2658
3061
3492
3951
4439
4962
5498
6652
7917
9291
10776
12370
14074
15889
17813
19847
21991
24245
26609
29083
31667
34361
37165
40079
43103
46236
49480

7.5
69
154
264
412
583
705
928
1180
1455
1767
2099
2447
2848
3280
3741
4233
4756
5316
5890
7127
8482
9955
11545
13254
15080
17024
19085
21265
23562
25977
28510
31161
33929
36816
39820
42942
46181
49539
53014

Conversion Table l /sec. to m/sec. of Pipeline Velocity

information subject to change without prior notice

10

8
74
164
281
440
622
752
989
1259
1552
1885
2239
2610
3038
3498
3991
4516
5073
5671
6283
7603
9048
10619
12315
14137
16085
18158
20358
22682
25133
27709
30411
33238
36191
39270
42474
45804
49260
52842
56549

8.5
78
174
299
467
661
799
1051
1338
1648
2003
2379
2774
3228
3717
4240
4798
5390
6025
6676
8078
9613
11282
13085
15021
17090
19293
21630
24100
26704
29441
32311
35315
38453
41724
45129
48667
52339
56144
60083

Pipe dia. in inches

Pipe dia. in mm

2200mm

DN300 (12")

9
83
184
316
495
700
846
1113
1416
1745
2121
2518
2937
3418
3935
4490
5080
5707
6379
7069
8553
10179
11946
13854
15904
18096
20428
22902
25518
28274
31172
34212
37393
40715
44179
47784
51530
55418
59447
63617

9.5
87
195
334
522
739
893
1175
1495
1842
2238
2658
3100
3608
4154
4739
5362
6024
6734
7461
9028
10744
12610
14624
16788
19101
21563
24175
26935
29845
32904
36113
39470
42977
46633
50438
54393
58496
62749
67152

10
92
205
352
550
778
940
1237
1574
1939
2356
2798
3263
3798
4373
4988
5645
6341
7088
7854
9503
11310
13273
15394
17671
20106
22698
25447
28353
31416
34636
38013
41548
45239
49087
53093
57256
61575
66052
70686

page: 11
revision date: Feb. '97

VALVE SELECTION FROM GRAPH

All the relevant information has been condensed into one graph to enable valve selection to be simple and easy and at the same time to allow flexibility to
the designer to move within certain parameters which eventually allows the most suited and economically viable valve to be selected.

Selection is based on the premise that pipelines are generally filled at a slower rate
than they are drained, scoured or at which separation occurs (a maximum fill/
drain ratio of 1:1).

A 400mm (16") pipeline draining at 402 l/sec (851 scf/m) which equates to
3.25 m/sec. (10.66 ft/s), what valve size should be selected?

2. Move vertically on the selection graph ( top of page 11) from the m/s (ft/s)
point and move horizontally from the pipe size finding the intersecting
point.
3. This point should fall within the operating band of a particular valve size.
Consideration must be given to the fact that the upper portion of the band
approaches - 3. 5 meters (- 5 psi) and the lower portion - 1 meter (- 1. 45
psi) for each valve size, this allows the designer to see at a glance if the

valve is too close to it's operating limits and to select the next valve
size.

VALVE POSITIONING

1. ON APEX POINTS (relative to hydraulic gradient).

2. 5 METRES (16 FEET) BELOW APEX POINTS FORMED BY INTERSECTION OF PIPELINE AND HYDRAULIC GRADIENT - i.e.
where pipeline siphoning over gradient an air release valve positioned on the apex would break the siphon. If positioning
on apex is required a modified VENT -O- MAT Series RBX can be supplied.
3. NEGATIVE BREAKS (increase in downward slope or decrease in upward slope).

page: 12
revision date: Feb. '97

4. LONG HORIZONTAL SECTIONS - every 600 metres (1/3 of a mile) maximum.

5. LONG ASCENDING SECTIONS - every 600 metres (1/3 of a mile) maximum.

Alternatively: - 1 meter per every mm in pipe diameter e.g. space air valves every 600 meters
for a 600mm diameter pipeline or every 800, for a 800mm diameter pipeline. SCOUR
GRADIENT

6. LONG DESCENDING SECTIONS - every 600 metres (1/3 of a mile) maximum.

IENT
LIC GRAD
HYDRAU

7. PUMP DISCHARGE (not shown in diagram) - just subsequent to non return valve.
8. BLANK ENDS (not shown in diagram) - where a pipeline is terminated by a blind flange or a valve.

1
1 3

HORIZONTAL DATUM

3 3

MAY BE REQUIRED
SCOUR
FOR SCOURING
VALVE

Series RBX

From the 3. 25 m/sec. (10. 66 ft/s) point, on the graph on page 11, move
vertically until the 400 mm (16") pipe size horizontal line is intersected. This
places the intersection point in the operating band of a DN100 (4") Vent -O- Mat
RBX valve. But, if for example, the drainage rate is 433 l/sec. (917 scf/m) which
equates to 3.5 m/sec. (11.48 ft/s), the valve would be operating close to it's limit
and it may be prudent to change to a DN150 (6") Vent -O- Mat RBX.

1. Determine the maximum drainage rate in m/s (ft/s) either for scouring, pipe
rupture or column separation for a particular pipeline section. Conversion
from l/sec to m/sec can be done fairly quickly; using the conversion table on
page 11.

EXAMPLE OF VALVE SIZING

(ASSUMMING AN INDIVIDUAL SECTION)

ACTUAL SELECTION
( GRAVITY OR PUMPED PIPELINES)

SELECTION & POSITIONING

information subject to change without prior notice

IMPORTANT NOTE: The graph is based on vacuum breaking and limiting vacuum to 3.5. meters (5 psi) below atmospheric. It is not good practice to go
below 7 meters (10 psi) absolute (3 meters (4. 4 psi) differential in pipeline at sea level). The graph allows for change in altitude and hence change in
atmospheric pressure and is based on the assumption that more than one valve per section is used for vacuum protection and venting.

Series RBX

SURGE & WATERHAMMER PROTECTION

Introduction

The Vent-O-Mat Series RBX "Anti-Shock" air release and vacuum break valve, is the product of
extensive research into the development of an efficient, but cost effective solution to surge
problems (both mass liquid oscillation and elastic transient phenomena) associated with any
operating pipeline. Automatic dampening, relevant to the pipeline's needs is provided by either one
of three design features. These special features are unique in a pipeline component of such
compact and economic design.

Surge Protection - Initial Filling

The RBX incorporates the additional floating "Anti-Shock" Orifice which is aerodynamically
engineered to throttle air discharge when water approach velocity would otherwise become too
great and induce an unacceptable pressure rise. The air throttling action increases resistance to
the flow of the approaching water which consequently decelerates to a velocity which reduces the
pressure rise when the valve closes (see operation of valve on pages 1 & 2). Vent-O-Mat series
RBX is an essential precaution for pipeline priming.

Surge Protection - Pump Trip Conditions

In instances where a pipeline experiences water column separation due to pump stoppage, high
shock pressures can be generated when the separated water column rejoins.
The Vent-O-Mat series RBX takes in air through the unobstructed large orifice when water column
separation occurs, but controls the discharge of air through the "Anti-Shock" Orifice as the
separated column commences to rejoin. The rejoining impact velocity is thereby considerably
reduced to alleviate high surge pressures in the system (see operation of valve on pages 1 & 2).
Other surge control measures may, dependant on pipeline profile, diameter and operating
conditions, be needed to provide the primary surge alleviation function with the Vent-O-Mat airvalves forming an integral and valuable addition in a combined strategy for further reducing surge
pressures. The benefit of the "Anti-Shock" Orifice can be readily demonstrated by suitable surge
modelling software.

Surge Protection - Pipeline Operating

The operation of valves and similar flow control devices can cause high-pressure transients in an
operating pipeline.
The unique, single chamber design of the Vent-O-Mat series RBX valve enables a pocket of air to
be trapped in the valve chamber. Automatic operation of the small orifice control float regulates the
volume of air entrapped.

The volume maintained in the valve will provide a cushioning benefit to the pipeline for short
duration transient pressure "spikes". This effect can be modelled by the design engineer using
suitable surge software.

Surge Protection - Primary Pipeline Surge Protection Failure

In instances where air vessels or other alleviation measures are utilised as primary surge
protection and these devices fail, excessively high surge pressures will be generated. The same is
true if pipeline demands are increased with time without the upgrading of initial surge protection
equipment.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 13
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBX

SURGE & WATERHAMMER PROTECTION

Protection by Vent-O-Mat Series RBX will provide the benefits already described. The valve in
addition, has a pipeline over pressure safety feature which acts as a "rupture-disc". Operation of
this feature will be without an explosive effect and without damage to valve. This feature consists of
easily replaceable components such as gaskets and seals.
This feature will thus provide surge alleviation in instances where surge pressures are abnormally
high. The net alleviation effect can be taken into account by the design engineer using surge
modelling software.

Computer Modelling

The effectiveness of Vent-O-Mat series RBX has been substantiated by independent third party
testing and by thousands of applications globally. Effective computer modelling, based on practical
tests, has been ensured in the well-known and respected commercially available SURGE 5.3
surge analysis software programme. Accurate results are also obtained by other commercially
available surge analysis software programmes such as FLOWMASTER and TRANSAM.

Holistic Surge & Water Hammer Protection

Vent-O-Mat forms an integral part of a well planned, holistic surge protection strategy that should,
according to application needs and financial constraints, include surge vessels, check valves,
control valves and/or any other equipment needed to alleviate unacceptable surge behaviour.

Technical and Financial Benefits

The Vent-O-Mat series RBX valve offers definite financial and technical advantages when
incorporated as part of a holistic surge protection strategy. This includes:
1. Improved alleviation of surge behaviour including reduction of:
Surge pressure magnitudes by slowing surge velocities
Duration of oscillation following a pump trip, as the air-valve continuously absorbs and
dissipates the energies of the surge.
2. Potential for reduction in size and/or quantity of conventional surge protection devices such as
surge vessels etc.
3. Automatic protection during initial filling when most surge protection devices are not
operational.
4. Holistic protection as each air valve installed has design features to automatically damp
surges.
5. The valve is virtually maintenance free.

Service

Vent-O-Mat is committed to finding the most cost effective and efficient solution to pipeline
complexities. Services include air valve sizing and positioning and assistance to consulting
engineers on defining appropriate surge and water hammer protection strategies. Vent-O-Mat has
built a sound relationship with many international consulting firms and has gained global
recognition for selling solutions!

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 14
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBX

SMALL ORIFICE DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE

Type:
Series RBX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with 'Anti Shock Orifice' Mechanism
Model No's:
RBX 1601/ 1631
RBX 2511/ 2521/ 2501/ 2531
RBX 4011/ 4021/ 4001/ 4031

o 1.2 mm (o 0. 047") small orifice - DN25 (1") & DN50 (2") Valves
o 1.5 mm (o 0. 059") small orifice - DN80 (3") & DN100 (4') Valves
o 2.4 mm (o 0. 094") small orifice - DN150 (6") & DN200 (8') Valves
Q1 (scf/min.)

40

FOR HIGHER Dp OR DISCHARGE RATES CONSULT MANUFACTURER

600
550

35

500
450

30

400
25

Dp
(bar)

350

20

Q =Normal Litres
per second (Free Air)
@ 1. 01325 bar Abs.
and 20 deg. C

15

Q1=Standard Cubic Feet

per minute (Free Air)
@ 14. 7 psi Abs.
70 deg. F

200

1 l/ sec. = 2. 1189 scf/ min. 1 scf/ min = 0. 472 l/ sec.

150

1 bar = 14. 5 psi

100

Dp1
(psi)

250

CONVERSION EQUIVALENTS

10

300

1 psi = 0. 069 bar

50
5

10

Q (nl/s)

information subject to change without prior notice

15

20

25

page: 15
revision date: Feb. '97

Series RBX
Why ?

"ANTI - SHOCK" - "ANTI - SURGE" - The RBX is the only air release valve available that is supplied as
standard with a mechanism which operates automatically to prevent pipeline damage from the high
induced pressure transients associated with high velocity air discharge. Surge resulting from liquid
column separation and liquid oscillation is dramatically reduced as an automatic function of this
mechanism.

PERFORMANCE - The RBX has been designed and developed to provide the optimum usable and safe
performance relative to all functions. Selection data has been substantiated through CSIR and other
testing and can therefore, be confidently referenced.

QUALITY - The RBX economically offers the highest quality construction and materials available in an
air release and vacuum break valve. Stringent manufacturing and test procedures are maintained to
ensure the best possible service and reliability is given by every valve produced.

SERVICEABILITY - The RBX design facilitates extreme ease of service and maintenance. Components
are in corrosion free materials to allow problem free disassembly and reassembly even after many
years of operation. All maintenance spares are replaceable without special tools or skills.

VACUUM BREAK - The RBX series large orifice diameters equal the nominal size of the valve, i.e., a
200mm (8") valve has a 200mm (8") orifice. This ensures the least possible resistance to the intake of
air and consequently the least possible negative pressure within a draining pipeline.

COMPACTNESS - Although extremely robust the RBX valve's lightweight and compact construction
offers handling transport and installation advantages.

BACK UP - Vent -O- Mat provides highly committed customer orientated sales, service, spares and
technical back up - TRY US!!!

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 16
revision date: June '95

Series RBX
PURCHASE SPECIFICATION

VENT -O- MAT MODEL NO.

Page 7 - Series RBX - DN25 (1") or DN50 (2") with BSP (ISO R7) or NPT, Screwed Male Connection.
Page 8 - Series RBX - DN80 (3") to DN100 (4") Flanged Connection.
Page 9 - Series RBX - DN150 (6") to DN200 (8") Flanged Connection.

CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN

The air release & vacuum break valve shall be of the compact single chamber design with solid cylindrical
H.D.P.E. control floats housed in a tubular stainless steel body with epoxy powder coated cast iron or steel
ends secured by means of stainless steel tie rods.
The valve shall have an integral 'Anti - Shock' Orifice mechanism which shall operate automatically to limit
transient pressure rise or shock induced by closure to 2 x valve rated working pressure.
The intake orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve i.e., a 150mm (6") valve shall have a
150mm (6") intake orifice.
Large orifice sealing shall be effected by the flat face of the control float seating against a nitrile rubber 'O' ring
housed in a dovetail groove circumferentially surrounding the orifice.
Discharge of pressurized air shall be controlled by the seating & unseating of a small orifice nozzle on a natural
rubber seal affixed into the control float. The nozzle shall have a flat seating land surrounding the orifice so
that the damage to the rubber seal is prevented.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength characteristics, so that
deformation, leaking or damage of any kind does not occur by submission to twice the designed working
pressure.
The valve design shall incorporate an over pressure safety feature that will fail without an explosive effect,
such as is normally the case when highly compressed air is released suddenly. The feature shall consist of
easily replaceable components such as gaskets, seals or the like.
Connection to the valve inlet shall be facilitated by a screwed BSP (ISO R7) or NPT male end (DN25 (1") &
DN50 (2") only) or a flanged end conforming to PN10, 16, 25 or 40 ratings of BS 4504 or SABS 1123
Standards or, ANSI B16. 1 Class 125 and Class 250 and ANSI B16. 5 Class 300 Standards.
Flanged ends shall be supplied with the requisite number of stainless steel or mild steel screwed studs
inserted for alignment to the specified standard. Nuts, washers, or jointing gaskets shall be excluded.
Optional: Provision of a 1/4" BSP/ NPT Test/ Bleed Cock.

OPERATION

1. Prior to the ingress of liquid into the valve chamber, as when the pipeline is being filled, valves
shall vent through the large orifice when water approach velocities are relative to a transient
pressure rise, on valve closure, of < 2 x valve rated pressure.
At higher water approach velocities, which have a potential to induce transient pressure rises > 2 x
valve rated pressure on valve closure, the valve shall automatically discharge air through the
Anti Shock Orifice and reduce water approach velocity, so that on closure a maximum transient
pressure rise of < 2 x valve rated pressure is realised.
2. Valves shall not exhibit leaks or weeping of liquid past the large orifice seal at operating pressures
of
0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to twice rated working pressure.
3. Valves shall respond to the presence of air by discharging it through the small orifice at any
pressures within a specified design range, i.e. 0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to 16 bar (232 psi), 25 bar (363
psi) or 40 bar (580 psi), and shall remain leak tight in the absence of air.
4. Valves shall react immediately to pipeline drainage or water column separation by the full opening of
the large orifice so as to allow unobstructed air intake at the lowest possible negative internal
pipeline pressure.
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 17
revision date: Feb. '97

Series RBX
ORDERING GUIDE

VALVE SIZE:
DN25 (1") - 0 2 5
DN50 (2") - 0 5 0
DN80 (3") - 0 8 0
DN100 (4") - 1 0 0
DN150 (6") - 1 5 0
DN200 (8") - 2 0 0
VALVE SERIES No.

050 RB X v 25 0 1

VALVE TYPE:
DOUBLE ACTING 1

VALVE END CONNECTION:

SCREWED - BSP
1
SCREWED - NPT
2
FLANGED - BS 4504 OR SABS 1123 0
FLANGED - ANSI B16. 1 OR B16. 5
3

ANTI SHOCK ORIFICE:

VALVE PRESSURE RATING:

PN16 (232 PSI), ANSI #125 1 6
PN25 (363 PSI), ANSI#250 2 5
PN40 (580 PSI), ANSI#300 4 0
Note:
1. DN250 (10") and DN300 (12") valves are available on request.
2. Valves for pressure ratings of PN64 (928 psi) ANSI #400 and PN100 (1450 psi) ANSI #600 are
available on request.
3. Valves are available with AISI 304 stainless steel flanged ends, please specify when ordering.

TEST SPECIFICATION

All air release valves supplied shall be subjected to the following testing procedures in the order laid
down:
(A) A high pressure strength and leak test whereby the valve is filled with water and pressurized to 1.5
times the rated working pressure which shall be held for a period of 2 minutes. Any leaking, weeping o r
sweating shall be reason for rejection.
(B) A low head leak test whereby the valve is filled with water and pressurized to a maximum of 0.5 bar
(7.3 psi) using a visible water column connected to the test rig. The valve shall be rejected if leak
tightness is not maintained for 2 minutes
(C) Every tenth air release valve of the same size and pressure rating must be subjected to a small orifice
function test - "DROP TEST" - whereby the valve is filled with water, pressurized to above rated w o r k i n g
pressure and isolated from the test rig by closure of an isolating valve. A chamber in the test rig
immediately prior to the isolating valve must be filled with compressed air at a pressure equal to that
being maintained in the air release valve. The isolating valve is then opened so as to allow the air to
rise in the air release valve without the pressure dropping lower than 2 - 3 bar (29 - 44 psi) above
rated working pressure of the air release valve. The "DROP TEST" is then carried out by slowly bleeding o f f
the pressure through a suitable cock until rated working pressure is reached and the float drops
away from the orifice to allow discharge. Failure of the air release valve to function in the manner
described will be reason for rejection.
On request the manufacturer shall provide batch certificates of test compliance which shall be cross
referenced to serial numbers indelibly marked onto the identity label of each valve.
IMPORTANT NOTE: It is impossible to inject air into an incompressible liquid, air injection can only be achieved
if the liquid can be displaced which implies that the pressure in the test rig must be reduced to atmospheric,
and absolutely nothing is proven by discharge through the small orifice of the air release valve at atmospheric
pressure. "DROP TESTING" in this manner is not acceptable.
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 18
revision date: June '95

RBXb Operation

Series RBXb
OPERATION

PRE NOTES:
It is good engineering practice, for vertical turbine pumps and deepwell, submersible pump
applications, to install air valves prior to the pump discharge check valve. The purpose of these
valves is to prevent air entry into the pipeline and to break vacuum in the vertical riser upon pump
shutoff.
Operation of conventional air valves in this application is such that the air in the vertical riser is
released very rapidly upon pump startup, resulting in very high pressure transients when the
water column slams the air valve shut and/or slams into the closed discharge check valve.
The Vent-O-Mat Series RBXb valve has specifically been developed for use on deep well
submersible pump and vertical turbine pump applications where they are installed prior to the
pump discharge check valve to fulfill the following functions:

!
!
!

Provide effective and controlled release of air in the vertical riser upon pump startup.
Dampen surge pressures upon pump startup.
Provide vacuum protection when the pump stops and the vertical column drains.

VACUUM RELIEF (AIR INTAKE)

Upon pump stop, the pump discharge check valve closes. Liquid drains from the air valve and
the pump's vertical column. The negative differential created by the draining liquid causes
atmospheric air to push the "Anti-Shock" Float (6) down, opening the Large Orifice (3) and
rapidly displaces the draining liquid to prevent potentially damaging internal negative pressure
*.
*Note: A differential pressure of less than 0.05 bar (0.7 psi) across the Large Orifice (3) is
required to open the valve fully under vacuum conditions.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 19
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXb
OPERATION

VENTING (PUMP START UP)

Air is forced through the "Anti-Shock" Orifice (8) resulting in the deceleration of the approaching
water column due to the resistance of rising air pressure in the valve. This dampens transients
when the air valve closes and the water column opens the pump, discharge check valve.

PRESSURIZED AIR RELEASE (PUMP OPERATING)

5
4

Liquid enters the valve Barrel Chamber (2) and the Floats (4), (5) are buoyed so that the "AntiShock" Orifice (8) is closed by the Floats (4), (5) the valve will then become internally
pressurized.
Disentrained air rises through the liquid and accumulates in the valve chamber when the volume
of air is sufficient to displace the liquid, Float (4) will no longer be buoyant and will gravitate
downwards thereby opening the Small Orifice (7) and allowing accumulated air to be discharged
into atmosphere, as the air is discharged the liquid raises the Float (4) and reseals the Small
Orifice (7) and prevents escape of liquid.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 20
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXb

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENTS

VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP APPLICATION
Vent-O-Mat RBXb Air Valve
Isolator

Check Valve

Riser

For Recommended Accumulator Dimensions

See Page 3

Vertical Riser

Water Level

SUBMERSIBLE/DEEP WELL APPLICATION

Vent-O-Mat RBXb Air Valve
Isolator
Check Valve

Riser

For Recommended Accumulator Dimensions

See Page 3

Vertical Riser

Water Level

page: 21
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXb

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

SCREWED - DN25 (1") & DN50 (2")

Type:
End Connection:
Series RBXb - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) Screwed BSP (ISO R7)/ NPT Male
with Bias Mechanism
Nominal Sizes:
DN25 (1")
DN50 (2")

Model No's:
RBXb 2511 & 2521
RBXb 4011 & 4021

Locating Lugs

Locking Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Grey P.V.C.

Bias Spring
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737

Top Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel Seal
CAF 400 gasket material
BS 2815 Grade A
O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Washer
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Guide Screws (Not Shown)

Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304
(only applicable to DN25 (1")
valves)
Tie Rods
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Baffle Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Optional Test Cock Connection
1/4" BSP/ NPT female

Pressure Ratings:
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Float Guide
Stainless Steel AISI 304
(only applicable to DN50 (2")
valves)
Baffle Spacer
Grey P.V.C.
Lower Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Screwed BSP (ISO R7)/ NPT male

information subject to change without prior notice

Support Screw
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

page: 22
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXb

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN80 (3") TO DN100 (4")

Type:
End Connection:
Series RBXb - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) Flange with screwed studs.
with Bias Mechanism.
Nominal Sizes:
DN80 (3")
DN100 (4")

Model No's:
RBXb 1601 & 1631
RBXb 2501 & 2531
RBXb 4001 & 4031

Locking Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI#300
Locating Lugs

Bias Spring
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737
Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Barrel Seal
CAF 400 gasket material
BS 2815 Grade A

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel
Stainless Steel 304L
O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Washer
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber

Baffle Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Tie Rods
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Support Screw
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Baffle Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Optional Test Cock Connection

1/4" BSP/ NPT female

Lower Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

information subject to change without prior notice

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

page: 23
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXb

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN150 (6") TO DN200 (8")

Type:
End Connection:
Series RBXb - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) Flange
with Bias Mechanism.
Nominal Sizes:
DN150 (6")
DN200 (8")

Model No's:
RBXb 1601 & 1631
RBXb 2501 & 2531
RBXb 4001 & 4031

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI#300

Locating Lugs

Locking Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Bias Spring
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737

Top Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Barrel Seal
CAF 400 gasket material
BS 2815 Grade A

Nuts

Barrel
Stainless Steel 304L

Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Washer
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber

Baffle Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Tie Rods
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Baffle Plate
Mild Steel BS 4360 Gr. 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated.
Optional Test Cock Connection
1/4" BSP/ NPT female

Lower Flange Assembley

Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

information subject to change without prior notice

Support Screw
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

page: 24
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXb

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Bias mechanism for
large volume air intake and controlled air discharge.

T-O-

T
MA

VEN

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
SCREWED - DN 25 (1") & DN50 (2")

End Connection:
Screwed BSP/ NPT male

R BX

Nominal Sizes:
DN25 (1") & DN50 (2")
Model No's:
RBXb 2511& 2521
RBXb 4011 & 4021

Pressure Ratings bar (psi)

PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
25 (363)
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 C (40 F) to 80 C (180 F)
B

Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
Function:
i) Controlled air discharge - pipeline filling
ii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iii) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge, water
column separation & liquid oscillation.
iv) High volume air intake - pipeline draining.

Materials of Construction: - see page 22

Installation:- see page 21

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
MODEL No.
mm in.
25 1" 025 RBXb 2511 & 2521
25 1" 025 RBXb 4011 & 4021
50 2" 050 RBXb 2511 & 2521
50 2" 050 RBXb 4011 & 4021

PRESSURE RATING
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

information subject to change without prior notice

A
mm
120
120
165
165

in.
4 3/ 4
4 3/ 4
6 1/ 2
6 1 /2

B
mm
385
437
440
455

C
in.
15 1/8 1" BSP/ NPT
17 1/4 1" BSP/ NPT
17 3/8 2" BSP/ NPT
17 7/8 2" BSP/ NPT

WEIGHT
kg. lbs
OPTIONAL
5 11
1/4 BSP/NPT
5.6 12.3
BLEED PORT
9.8 21.5
FOR
TEST COCK
10 22

page: 25
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXb
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

T-O-

T
MA

VEN

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Bias mechanism for
large volume air intake and controlled air discharge.

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10, PN16, PN25 &PN40
SABS 1123 - Tables 1000/3, 1600/3, 2500/3 & 4000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125, Class 250 & ANSI B16. 5 Class 300

R BX

Nominal Sizes:
DN80 (3") & DN100 (4")
Model No's:
RBXb 1601 & 1631
RBXb 2501 & 2531
RBXb 4001 & 4031

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
25 (363)
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 C (40 F) to 80 C (180 F)
Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
D

Function:
i) Controlled air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iii) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge, water
column separation & liquid oscillation.
iv) High volume air intake - pipeline draining.
Materials of Construction: - see page 23
Installation: - see page 21

DN

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
Mm in
80
3
80
3
80
3
100
4
100
4
100
4

MODEL No.
080 RBXb
080 RBXb
080 RBXb
100 RBXb
100 RBXb
100 RBXb

1601 & 1631

2501 & 2531
4001 & 4031
1601 & 1631
2501 & 2531
4001 & 4031

PRESSURE RATING
PN16
PN25
PN40
PN16
PN25
PN40

(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)

ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300
ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300

information subject to change without prior notice

A
mm
235
235
235
235
235
235

B
in
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4

mm
425
425
440
440
440
473

in
16 3/4
16 3/4
17 3/8
17 3/8
17 3/8
18 5/8

mm
50
50
50
50
50
50

C
in
2
2
2
2
2
2

D
OPTIONAL 1/4"
BSP/ NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

WEIGHT
kg.
lbs
24
52.8
24
52.8
26
57.2
23
50.6
23
50.6
27
59.4

page: 26
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXb
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

T-O-

T
MA

VEN

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Bias mechanism for
large volume air intake and controlled air discharge.
End Connection:
Flange for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10, PN16, PN25 &PN40
SABS 1123 - Tables 1000/3, 1600/3, 2500/3 & 4000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125, Class 250 & ANSI B16. 5 Class 300

R BX

Nominal Sizes:
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
Model No's:
RBXb 1601 & 1631
RBXb 2501 & 2531
RBXb 4001 & 4031

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
25 (363)
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 C (40 F) to 80 C (180 F)

OPTIONAL 1/4"
BSP/ NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
Function:
i) Controlled air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iii) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge, water
column separation & liquid oscillation.
iv) High volume air intake - pipeline draining.

Materials of Construction: - see page 24

Installation: - see page 21
DN

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
Mm in
150 6
150 6
150 6
200 8
200 8

MODEL No.
150 RBXb 1601 & 1631
150 RBXb 2501 & 2531
150 RBXb 4001 & 4031
200 RBXb 1601 & 1631
200 RBXb 2501 & 2531

PRESSURE RATING
PN16
PN25
PN40
PN16
PN25

(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)

ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300
ANSI #125
ANSI #250

A
mm
340
340
340
390
390

information subject to change without prior notice

in
13 3/8
13 3/8
13 3/8
15 3/4
15 3/8

B
mm in
560 22 1/16
560 22 1/16
560 22 1/16
600 23 5/8
600 23 5/8

mm
120
120
120
130
130

C
D
in
mm in
4 3/4 22 7/8
4 3/4 30 13/16
4 3/4 30 1 3/16
5 1/8 24 115/16
5 1/8 28 1 1/8

E
mm in
285 11 1/4
300 11 3/4
300 11 3/4
340 13 1/3
360 14 1/6

F
mm in
702 27 5/8
710 27 3/4
710 27 3/4
754 29 2/8
758 29 7/8

WEIGHT
kg. lbs
72 158.4
72 158.4
80 176
95 209
95 209

page: 27
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXb
PURCHASE SPECIFICATION

VENT -O- MAT MODEL NO.

Page 25 - Series RBXb - DN25 (1") or DN50 (2") with BSP (ISO R7) or NPT, Screwed Male Connection.
Page 26 - Series RBXb - DN80 (3") to DN100 (4") Flanged Connection.
Page 27 - Series RBXb - DN150 (6") to DN200 (8") Flanged Connection.

CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN

The air release & vacuum break valve shall be of the compact single chamber design with solid cylindrical
H.D.P.E. control floats housed in a tubular stainless steel body with epoxy powder coated cast iron or stainless
steel ends secured by means of stainless steel tie rods.
The valve shall have an integral 'Anti - Shock' Orifice mechanism which shall operate automatically to limit
transient pressure rise or shock induced by closure to 1.5 x valve rated working pressure.
The intake orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve i.e., a 150mm (6") valve shall have a
150mm (6") intake orifice.
Large orifice sealing shall be effected by the flat face of the control float seating against a nitrile/EPDM rubber
'O' ring housed in a dovetail groove circumferentially surrounding the orifice.
Discharge of pressurized air shall be controlled by the seating & unseating of a small orifice nozzle on a natural
rubber seal affixed into the control float. The nozzle shall have a flat seating land surrounding the orifice so
that the damage to the rubber seal is prevented.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength characteristics, so that
deformation, leaking or damage of any kind does not occur by submission to twice the designed working
pressure.
The valve design shall incorporate an over pressure safety feature that will fail without an explosive effect,
such as is normally the case when highly compressed air is released suddenly. The feature shall consist of
easily replaceable components such as gaskets, seals or the like.
Connection to the valve inlet shall be facilitated by a screwed BSP (ISO R7) or NPT male end (DN25 (1") &
DN50 (2") only) or a flanged end conforming to PN10, 16, 25 or 40 ratings of BS 4504 or SABS 1123
Standards or, ANSI B16. 1 Class 125 and Class 250 and ANSI B16. 5 Class 300 Standards.
Flanged ends for DN80 and DN100 shall be supplied with the requisite number of stainless steel screwed
studs inserted for alignment to the specified standard. Nuts, washers, or jointing gaskets shall be excluded.
Optional: Provision of a 1/4" BSP/ NPT Test/ Bleed Cock.

OPERATION

1. Prior to the ingress of liquid into the valve chamber, as when the pipeline is being filled, valves
shall vent through the "Anti-Shock" Orifice and reduce water approach velocity, so that on closure a
maximum transient pressure rise of < 1.5 x valve rated pressure is realised.
2. Valves shall not exhibit leaks or weeping of liquid past the large orifice seal at operating pressures of
0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to twice rate d working pressure.
3. Valves shall respond to the presence of air by discharging it through the small orifice at any
pressures within a specified design range, i.e. 0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to 16 bar (232 psi), 25 b a r
( 3 6 3
psi) or 40 bar (580 psi), and shall remain leak tight in the absence of air.
4. Valves shall react immediately to pipeline drainage or water column separation by the full opening of
the large orifice so as to allow unobstructed air intake at the lowest possible negative internal
pipeline pressure.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 28
revision date: Jan. '99

RBXv Operation

Series RBXv
OPERATION

PRE NOTES:
There are instances where the hydraulic gradeline falls below a peak point during normal
operation and where air inflow would adversely affect the normal operation and surge
characteristic of the pipeline. Air intake may also be undesirable under pump trip conditions
for pipelines running through a marsh (surge protection in these instances would be in the
form of surge vessels and/or the pipeline will be designed for full vacuum).
Vent-O-Mat offers the Series RBXv valve which has specifically been developed to ensure
effective air release under all pipeline conditions but will not allow air entry under any
operating condition.

VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE (SUB CRITICAL WATER APPROACH VELOCITY)

Air enters Orifice (1), travels through the annular space between the cylindrical floats (4) ,
(5), (6) and discharges through the Large Orifice (3) into atmosphere.*

*Note: A relatively low flow discharge rate is required to lift float and ensure air release.Float
will seat on the Middle Flange (9) under vacuum conditions, effectively preventing air
entry.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 29
revision date: Jan '99

Series RBXv
OPERATION

VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE (EXCESSIVE WATER APPROACH VELOCITY)

In reaction to increased air flow, Float (6) closes Large Orifice and air is forced through the
"Anti-Shock" Orifice resulting in deceleration of the approaching water due to the resistance
of rising air pressure in the valve.

PRESSURIZED AIR RELEASE FROM A FULL PIPELINE

Subsequent to the filling of a pipeline, liquid enters the valve Barrel Chamber (2) and the
Floats (4), (5) and (6) are buoyed so that the "Anti-Shock" Orifice (8) is closed by the Float
(5) and the valve will then become pressurized. A minimal working pressure of <0.5 bar (7.3
psi) acting on a relatively large area of the Orifice (1) will lock Floats (5) and (6) into the
closed position across the Large Orifice (3).
Disentrained air rises through the liquid and accumulates in the valve chamber, when the
volume of air is sufficient to displace the liquid, Float (4) will no longer be buoyant and will
gravitate downwards thereby opening the Small Orifice (7) and allowing accumulated air to
be discharged into atmosphere, as air is discharged the liquid raises Float (4) and reseals
the Small Orifice (7) and prevents escape of liquid.
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 30
revision date: Jan '99

Series RBXv
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Type:
Triple Orifice Air Vent Valve with Bias mechanism for air discharge
but not air re-entry.

VEN

T
MA

T-O-

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10, PN16, PN25 &PN40
SABS 1123 - Tables 1000/3, 1600/3, 2500/3 & 4000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125, Class 250 & ANSI B16. 5 Class 300

RBX

Nominal Sizes:
DN80 (3") & DN100 (4")
Model No's:
RBXv 1601 & 1631
RBXv 2501 & 2531
RBXv 4001 & 4031

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
25 (363)
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 C (40 F) to 80 C (180 F)
Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
D

Function:
i) High volume air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iii) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge.

Materials of Construction: - see page 28

Installation: - see page 3

DN

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm in
80
3
80
3
80
3
100
4
100
4
100
4

MODEL No.
080 RBXv
080 RBXv
080 RBXv
100 RBXv
100 RBXv
100 RBXv

1601 & 1631

2501 & 2531
4001 & 4031
1601 & 1631
2501 & 2531
4001 & 4031

PRESSURE RATING
PN16
PN25
PN40
PN16
PN25
PN40

(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)

ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300
ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300

information subject to change without prior notice

A
mm
235
235
235
235
235
235

B
in
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4

mm
475
475
490
490
490
523

C
in
18 3/4
18 3/4
19 3/5
19 3/5
19 3/5
20 5/8

mm
50
50
50
50
50
50

in
2
2
2
2
2
2

D
OPTIONAL 1/4"
BSP/ NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

WEIGHT
kg.
lbs
31
68.2
31
68.2
33.5 73.7
30
66
30
66
34
74.8

page: 31
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXv

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN80 (3") & DN100 (4")
Type:
Series RBXv - Triple Orifice with Bias Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange

Nominal Sizes:
DN80 (3")
DN100 (4")

Model No's:
RBXv 1601 & 1631
RBXv 2511 & 2531
RBXv 4011 & 4031

Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737
Assembly Screws
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Float Guides
Stainless Steel AISI 304.
Barrel
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Float

Top Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

High Density Polyethylene

Middle Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel Seal
CAF 400 gasket material
BS 2815 Grade A
O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Washer
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat Retainer Plate

Float Guide
Stainless Steel AISI 304
(only applicable to DN50 (2")
valves)

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Tie Rods
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Baffle Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Optional Test Cock Connection
1/4" BSP/ NPT female

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Baffle Spacer
Grey P.V.C.
Lower Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Screwed BSP (ISO R7)/ NPT male

information subject to change without prior notice

Support Screw
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304

page: 32
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXv

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
Type:
Series RBXv - Triple Orifice with Bias Mechanism
Nominal Sizes:
DN150 (3")
DN200 (4")

End Connection:
Flange
Model No's:
RBXv 1601 & 1631
RBXv 2511 & 2531
RBXv 4011 & 4031

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737
Assembly Screws
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Float Guides
Stainless Steel AISI 304.
Barrel
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Float
High Density Polyethylene

Top Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Middle Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel Seal
CAF 400 gasket material
BS 2815 Grade A
O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Washer
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat Retainer Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Float Guide
Stainless Steel AISI 304
(only applicable to DN50 (2")
valves)

Tie Rods
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Baffle Spacer
Grey P.V.C.
Support Screw
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Baffle Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Optional Test Cock Connection
1/4" BSP/ NPT female

information subject to change without prior notice

Lower Flange Assembly

Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

page: 33
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXv
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Type:
Triple Orifice Air Vent Valve with Bias mechanism for air discharge
but not air re-entry.

T-O-

T
MA

VEN

SCREWED - DN 25 (1") & DN50 (2")

End Connection:
Screwed BSP/ NPT male

R BX

Nominal Sizes:
DN25 (1") & DN50 (2")
Model No's:
RBXv 2511& 2521
RBXv 4011 & 4021

Pressure Ratings bar (psi)

PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
25 (363)
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 C (40 F) to 80 C (180 F)
B

Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
Function:
i) High volume air discharge - pipeline filling
ii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iii) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge.

Materials of Construction: - see page 31

Installation:- see page 3

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
MODEL No.
PRESSURE RATING
mm in.
25 1" 025 RBXv 2511 & 2521 PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
25 1" 025 RBXv 4011 & 4021 PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
50 2" 050 RBXv 2511 & 2521 PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
50 2" 050 RBXv 4011 & 4021 PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

information subject to change without prior notice

A
mm
120
120
165
165

in.
4 3/ 4
4 3/ 4
6 1/ 2
6 1 /2

B
mm in.
385 15 1/8
437 17 1/4
440 17 3/8
455 17 7/8

C
1" BSP/ NPT
1" BSP/ NPT
2" BSP/ NPT
2" BSP/ NPT

D
OPTIONAL
1/4 BSP/NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

WEIGHT
kg. lbs
7 15.4
7.6 16.7
12.8 28.1
13 28.6

page: 34
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXv
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Type:
Triple Orifice Air Vent Valve with Bias mechanism for air discharge
but not air re-entry.

VEN

T
MA

T-O-

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10, PN16, PN25 &PN40
SABS 1123 - Tables 1000/3, 1600/3, 2500/3 & 4000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125, Class 250 & ANSI B16. 5 Class 300

RBX

Nominal Sizes:
DN80 (3") & DN100 (4")
Model No's:
RBXv 1601 & 1631
RBXv 2501 & 2531
RBXv 4001 & 4031

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
25 (363)
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 C (40 F) to 80 C (180 F)
Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
D

Function:
i) High volume air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iii) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge.

Materials of Construction: - see page 28

Installation: - see page 3

DN

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm in
80
3
80
3
80
3
100
4
100
4
100
4

MODEL No.
080 RBXv
080 RBXv
080 RBXv
100 RBXv
100 RBXv
100 RBXv

1601 & 1631

2501 & 2531
4001 & 4031
1601 & 1631
2501 & 2531
4001 & 4031

PRESSURE RATING
PN16
PN25
PN40
PN16
PN25
PN40

(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)

ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300
ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300

information subject to change without prior notice

A
mm
235
235
235
235
235
235

B
in
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4
9 1/4

mm
475
475
490
490
490
523

C
in
18 3/4
18 3/4
19 3/5
19 3/5
19 3/5
20 5/8

mm
50
50
50
50
50
50

in
2
2
2
2
2
2

D
OPTIONAL 1/4"
BSP/ NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

WEIGHT
kg.
lbs
31
68.2
31
68.2
33.5 73.7
30
66
30
66
34
74.8

page: 35
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXv

Type:
Triple Orifice Air Vent Valve with Bias mechanism for air discharge
but not air re-entry.

T-O-

T
MA

VEN

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

End Connection:
Flange for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10, PN16, PN25 &PN40
SABS 1123 - Tables 1000/3, 1600/3, 2500/3 & 4000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125, Class 250 & ANSI B16. 5 Class 300

R BX

Nominal Sizes:
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
Model No's:
RBXv 1601 & 1631
RBXv 2501 & 2531
RBXv 4001 & 4031

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

B
F

Max.
25 (363)
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 C (40 F) to 80 C (180 F)

OPTIONAL 1/4"
BSP/ NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
C

Function:
i) High volume air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iii) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge.

Materials of Construction: - see page 33

Installation: - see page 3
Standard Factory Tests:
i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

DN

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm in
150 6
150 6
150 6
200 8
200 8

MODEL No.
150 RBXv 1601 & 1631
150 RBXv 2501 & 2531
150 RBXv 4001 & 4031
200 RBXv 1601 & 1631
200 RBXv 2501 & 2531

PRESSURE RATING
PN16
PN25
PN40
PN16
PN25

(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(580 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)

ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #300
ANSI #125
ANSI #250

mm
340
340
340
390
390

information subject to change without prior notice

A
in
13 3/8
13 3/8
13 3/8
15 3/4
15 3/8

mm
550
550
550
690
690

B
in
21 5/16
21 5/16
21 5/16
27 7/8
27 7/8

mm
120
120
120
130
130

C
in
4 3/4
4 3/4
4 3/4
5 1/8
5 1/8

D
mm in
22 7/8
30 13/16
30 1 3/16
24 115/16
28 1 1/8

mm
285
300
300
340
360

E
in
11 1/4
11 3/4
11 3/4
13 1/3
14 1/6

mm
792
800
800
844
848

F
in
21 7/8
31 1/4
31 1/4
33 7/8
33 1/8

WEIGHT
kg. lbs
88 193.6
88 193.6
96 211.2
116 255.2
116 255.2

page: 36
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXv
PURCHASE SPECIFICATION

VENT -O- MAT MODEL NO.

Page 35 - Series RBXv - DN25 (1") or DN50 (2") with BSP (ISO R7) or NPT, Screwed Male Connection.
Page 36 - Series RBXv - DN80 (3") to DN100 (4") Flanged Connection.
Page 37 - Series RBXv - DN150 (6") to DN200 (8") Flanged Connection.

CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN

The air vent valve shall be of the compact single chamber design with solid cylindrical H.D.P.E. control floats
housed in a tubular stainless steel body with epoxy powder coated mild steel ends or stainless steel ends
secured by means of stainless steel tie rods.
The valve shall have an integral 'Anti - Shock' Orifice mechanism which shall operate automatically to limit
transient pressure rise or shock induced by closure to 1.5 x valve rated working pressure.
The discharge orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve i.e., a 150mm (6") valve shall have a
150mm (6") intake orifice.
Large orifice sealing shall be effected by the flat face of the control float seating against a nitrile rubber 'O' ring
housed in a dovetail groove circumferentially surrounding the orifice.
Discharge of pressurized air shall be controlled by the seating & unseating of a small orifice nozzle on a natural
rubber seal affixed into the control float. The nozzle shall have a flat seating land surrounding the orifice so
that the damage to the rubber seal is prevented.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength characteristics, so that
deformation, leaking or damage of any kind does not occur by submission to twice the designed working
pressure.
The valve design shall incorporate an over pressure safety feature that will fail without an explosive effect,
such as is normally the case when highly compressed air is released suddenly. The feature shall consist of
easily replaceable components such as gaskets, seals or the like.
Connection to the valve inlet shall be facilitated by a screwed BSP (ISO R7) or NPT male end (DN25 (1") &
DN50 (2") only) or a flanged end conforming to PN10, 16, 25 or 40 ratings of BS 4504 or SABS 1123
Standards or, ANSI B16. 1 Class 125 and Class 250 and ANSI B16. 5 Class 300 Standards.
Flanged ends for DN80 and DN100 valves shall be supplied with the requisite number of stainless steel
screwed studs inserted for alignment to the specified standard. Nuts, washers, or jointing gaskets shall be
excluded.
Optional: Provision of a 1/4" BSP/ NPT Test/ Bleed Cock.

OPERATION

1. Prior to the ingress of liquid into the valve chamber, as when the pipeline is being filled, valves
shall vent through the large orifice when water approach velocities are relative to a transient pressure
rise on valve closure of 1.5 x valve rated pressure
At higher water appoach velocities, which have a potential to induce transient pressure rises >1.5 times
valve rated pressure on closure, the valve shall automatically discharge through the "Anti-Shock"
Orifice and reduce water approach velocity, so that on closure a maximum transient pressure rise of <
1.5 x valve rated pressure is realised.
2. Valves shall not exhibit leaks or weeping of liquid past the large orifice seal at operating pressures of
0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to 1.5 times rated working pressure.
3. Valves shall respond to the presence of air by discharging it through the small orifice at any
pressures within a specified design range, i.e. 0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to 16 bar (232 psi), 25 bar (363
psi) or 40 bar (580 psi), and shall remain leak tight in the absence of air.
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 37
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXb & RBXv

ORDERING GUIDE

VALVE SIZE:

DN25
DN50
DN80
DN100
DN150
DN200

(1") (2") (3") (4") (6") (8") -

050 RB X v 25 0 1
025
050
080
100
150
200

VALVE END CONNECTION:

SCREWED - BSP
1
SCREWED - NPT
2
FLANGED - BS 4504 OR SABS 1123 0
FLANGED - ANSI B16. 1 OR B16. 5 3

VALVE SERIES No.

ANTI SHOCK ORIFICE:

SPECIAL APPLICATION:
BIAS AIR IN b
BIAS AIR OUT v

VALVE TYPE:
DOUBLE ACTING 1

VALVE PRESSURE RATING:

PN16 (232 PSI), ANSI #125 1 6
PN25 (363 PSI), ANSI#250 2 5
PN40 (580 PSI), ANSI#300 4 0

Note:
1. DN250 (10") and DN300 (12") valves are available on request.
2. Valves for pressure ratings of PN64 (928 psi) ANSI #400 and PN100 (1450 psi) ANSI #600 are available
on request.
3. Valves are available with AISI 304 stainless steel flanged ends, please specify when ordering.

TEST SPECIFICATION

All air release valves supplied shall be subjected to the following testing procedures in the order laid down:
(A) A high pressure strength and leak test whereby the valve is filled with water and pressurized to 1.5 times the
rated working pressure which shall be held for a period of 2 minutes. Any leaking, weeping or sweating shall be
reason for rejection.
(B) A low head leak test whereby the valve is filled with water and pressurized to a maximum of 0.5 bar(7.3 psi)
using a visible water column connected to the test rig. The valve shall be rejected if leak tightness is not
maintained for 2 minutes
(C) Every tenth air release valve of the same size and pressure rating must be subjected to a small orifice
function test - "DROP TEST" - whereby the valve is filled with water, pressurized to above rated working
pressure and isolated from the test rig by closure of an isolating valve. A chamber in the test rig
immediately prior to the isolating valve must be filled with compressed air at a pressure equal to that
being maintained in the air release valve. The isolating valve is then opened so as to allow the air to
rise in the air release valve without the pressure dropping lower than 2 - 3 bar (29 - 44 psi) above
rated working pressure of the air release valve. The "DROP TEST" is then carried out by slowly bleeding off the
pressure through a suitable cock until rated working pressure is reached and the float drops
away from the orifice to allow discharge. Failure of the air release valve to function in the manner
described will be reason for rejection.

On request the manufacturer shall provide batch certificates of test compliance which shall be cross referenced to
serial numbers indelibly marked onto the identity label of each valve.
IMPORTANT NOTE: It is impossible to inject air into an incompressible liquid, air injection can only be achieved if
the liquid can be displaced which implies that the pressure in the test rig must be reduced to atmospheric, and
absolutely nothing is proven by discharge through the small orifice of the air release valve at atmospheric pressure.
"DROP TESTING" in this manner is not acceptable.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 38
revision date: Jan. '99

AIR RELEASE & VACUUM BREAK VALVES

Series RBX
CONDITIONS OF SALE

Sale of VENT -O- MAT equipment is subject to the purchaser's acceptance of the company's
STANDARD CONDITIONS OF TENDER AND SALE a copy of which is available on request.
CONTRACTUAL LIMITATIONS:
The 'Company's' supply is limited to such equipment, accessories, work and
documentation as is specified in it's quotations.

PRICE BASIS:
Prices are referenced from the 'Company's' valid lists or from the 'Company's' written
or verbal quotation exclude packaging and delivery.

DRAWINGS AND DATA:

All drawings, illustrations, descriptive literature, technical data or particulars of mass
and dimensions accompanying the 'Company's' quotations must be considered
approximate except when specifically certified.

PAYMENT TERMS:
Without exception, payment for all goods and services shall be received by the
'Company' not later than 30 (THIRTY) days subsequent to the date of statement.
Interest at prime lending rate + 2% shall be charged on all overdue amounts.

TESTS:
The goods will be tested in accordance with the specifications of the 'Company's'
tender and/or relevant standard specifications as stated therein.

TITLE:
Ownership of all goods supplied by the 'Company' will not pass to the purchaser or
any other party until paid for in full and until such time. the 'company' shall be
entitled to re - possess the goods whether affixed to immovable property or not. All
such good
S shall be deemed to be removable property and severable from immovable
property.

AVAILABILITY:
(a)
Offers for equipment available ex- stock are subject to such stock
remaining unsold at time of order placement.
(b)

Delivery periods quoted are based on the manufacturing position at

the time of quotation. Whilst every endeavour will be made to maintain
such deliveries, no liability shall be accepted by the 'Company' for
delay due to causes beyond it's control.

(c)

The 'Company' shall only accept liability for late delivery where the
'Company's' liability for such late delivery is not excluded in terms of
the foregoing and where the 'Company' has specifically agreed in
writing to the payment of a penalty or liquidated damages or damages
for such late delivery. In which case the 'Company's' liability shall be l
limited to the amount so agreed.

TENDER/ QUOTATION VALIDITY:

Written or verbal quotations will be held valid for a maximum of 30 (thirty) days
unless contradicted in writing by the 'Company'.
RETURNS FOR CREDIT:
Acceptance of goods returned will be entirely at the discretion of the 'Company' and
subject to a minimum restocking charge equal to 15% of the gross invoiced value of
such returned goods.
LIMITED LIABILITY:
The 'Company' shall not be liable for any incidental or consequential loss or
damages or expense arising directly or indirectly from the use of any goods supplied,
nor shall liability be accepted for any labour or other expenses incurred. The
'Company's' liability is limited solely to the terms of it's guarantee.

WARRANTY
(a)

The 'Company' guarantees that the goods supplied will conform to

specifications and to any requirements specifically accepted by the '
Company' in writing in regard to each order but, except as aforesaid, the '
Company' gives no warranty, express or implied, of the material
workmanship or fitness of goods for any particular purpose whether such
purpose is known to us or not. In accordance with the specifications or
requirements aforesaid, or should defects under proper use appear in the
goods within a period of 12 (TWELVE) calendar months after the goods
have been delivered, caused solely by faulty design, materials or
workmanship, we shall, if requested to do so within a reasonable time, but
not later than 18 (EIGHTEEN) calendar months, from date of delivery,
repair such goods or the defective parts thereof, free of charge by
supplying other goods or replacement parts at the initial place of delivery
which do comply with specifications or requirements aforesaid and/or
which are free of the defects complained of.

Revised February 1997

(b)
(i)

It is a condition of this guarantee:

that any defective parts are returned to the 'Company's' works at the
purchaser's expenses and;
(ii) in respect of parts or components not of the 'Company's' manufacture, the
'Company's' guarantee shall be limited to the
Guarantee, if any which we may have received from the supplier of such parts
or components in respect thereof so that the 'Company's' liability in terms of
such guarantee shall be no greater than the 'Company's' liability in terms of
the' Company's' own guarantee as set out in this clause;
(iii) the 'Company' shall be given reasonable time and opportunity to comply with
the terms of the guarantee before you call on the 'Company' to pay any sums
in respect of the liquidated damages and;
(iv) save as provided in the clause, the 'Company' shall be under no liability,
whether in contract, delict or otherwise in respect of defects in goods
delivered, or for any injury, damage or loss resulting from defect or from any
work done in connection therewith.

Catalogue No. RBX 0001

How to Specify
Vent-O-Mat (Water)

HOW TO SPECIFY VENT-O-MAT (WATER)

VENT-O-MAT SERIES RBX ANTI-SHOCK AIR
RELEASE & VACUUM BREAK VALVE SPECIFICATIONS
FOR USE BY SPECIFYING AUTHORITIES
FUNCTION
The required valves shall provide any of the functions, or combination of
functions, described below as specified in the schedule of quantities.
Pipeline filling
Uninterrupted high volume air discharge through the large orifice.
Pipeline draining or Column Separation
Uninterrupted high volume air intake through the large orifice.
Pipeline full and operating
Discharge of disentrained pressurized air through the small orifice.
Rapid Filling / Column Separation
The valve must incorporate an integral surge alleviation mechanism which will
automatically dampen surge pressures due to rapid air discharge or the
subsequent rejoining of separated water columns.
CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN
The air release and vacuum break valve shall be of a compact single chamber
design with solid cylindrical High Density Polyethylene control floats housed in a
tubular stainless steel or corrosion protected body with epoxy powder coated
cast iron, or stainless steel ends secured by means of stainless steel tie rods.
The valve shall have an integral surge alleviation mechanism which shall
operate automatically to limit transient pressure rise or shock induced by
closure due to high velocity air discharge or the subsequent rejoining of
separated water columns. The limitation of pressure rise must be achieved
by deceleration of approaching water prior to valve closure. Relief
mechanisms that act subsequent to valve closure cannot react in the low
millisecond time span required and are therefore unacceptable.
Large orifice sealing shall be effected by the flat face of the control float seating
against a nitrile/EPDM rubber O Ring housed in a dovetail groove
circumferentially surrounding the large orifice. Discharge of pressurized air shall

be controlled by the seating and unseating of a small orifice on a natural/EPDM

rubber seal affixed to the control float.
The intake/discharge orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve
i.e. a 150mm (6) valve shall have a 150mm (6) intake/discharge orifice.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength
characteristics, so that the deformation, leaking or damage of any kind does not
occur by submission to twice the designed working pressure.
The valve design shall incorporate an over pressure safety feature that will fail
without an explosive effect, such as is normally the case when highly
compressed air is released suddenly. This feature shall consist of easily
replaceable components such as gaskets, seals or the like.
Copyright VENT-O-MAT

Series RBXc
Anti- Shock
Air Release and Vacuum Break Valves

Series RBXc
"ANTI - SHOCK"
AIR RELEASE & VACUUM BREAK VALVES
CATALOGUE INDEX
CONTENT

PAGE

OPERATION

1-2

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENTS

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

DN25 (1") & DN50 (2") - Screwed

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

DN80 (3") & DN200 (8") - Flanged

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

DN250 (10") & DN300 (12") - Flanged

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
DN25 (1") & DN50 (2") - Screwed

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
DN80 (3") & DN200 (8") - Flanged

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
DN250 (10") & DN300 (12") - Flanged

SELECTION & POSITIONING - SERIES RBXc

10 - 12

SURGE & WATERHAMMER PROTECTION

13 - 14

SMALL ORIFICE DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE

15

WHY VENT-O-MAT SERIES RBXc

16

PURCHASE SPECIFICATIONS

17

ORDERING GUIDE & TEST SPECIFICATION

18

Series RBXc
OPERATION

PRE NOTES:
1. VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE:
The operation of a kinetic air release valve is such that fast approaching water is almost
instantaneously halted by the valve's closure without the shock cushioning benefit of any
retained air in the pipeline. Consequently a transient pressure rise or shock of potentially
damaging proportions can be generated in a pipeline system, even at normal filling rates.
In addition to venting through the Large Orifice (1) when water approach velocities are sub critical, the Vent-OMat series RBXc air release valves feature an automatic 'Anti-Shock' Orifice (8) device that serves to
decelerate water approaching at excessive speed, thereby limiting pressure rise to a maximum of 1.5 x rated
working pressure of the valve.
2. SURGE ALLEVIATION - PIPELINE PRESSURIZED:
In instances where a pipeline experiences water column separation due to pump stoppage, high
shock pressures can be generated when the separated water column rejoins.
The Vent-O-Mat series RBXc takes in air through the unobstructed large orifice when water column
separation occurs, but controls the discharge of air through the 'Anti-Shock' Orifice as the separated column
commences to rejoin. The rejoining impact velocity is thereby sufficiently reduced to prevent an unacceptably
high surge pressure in the system. In the same way the series RBXc valve prevents high surge pressures
resulting from liquid oscillation in a pipeline.
3. PRESSURIZED AIR RELEASE FROM A FULL PIPELINE:
Effective discharge by the valve of pressurized air depends on the existence of a 'CRITICAL
RELATIONSHIP' between the area of the Small Orifice (7) and the mass of Control Float (4), i.e.themass of the
float must be greater than the force created by the working pressure acting on the orifice area. If the float is
relatively too light or the orifice area relatively too great, the float will be held against the orifice, even when not
buoyed, and air discharge will not be effected.
To ensure that the correct 'CRITICAL RELATIONSHIP' exists the requisite 'DROP TEST' described under TEST
SPECIFICATION on page 18 must be applied to any air release valve which is intended for discharge of
pressurized air.
4. OPERATION OF DN250, DN300 & DN400 MAY DIFFER FROM BELOW.

VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE (SUB CRITICAL WATER APPROACH VELOCITY)

Air enters Orifice (3), travels through the annular space between the cylindrical floats (4), (5), and (6) and the
valve Chamber Barrel (2) and discharges from the Large Orifice (1) into atmosphere.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 1
revision date: Jan '99

Series RBXc
OPERATION

VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE (EXCESSIVE WATER APPROACH VELOCITY)

In reaction to increased air flow, Float (6) closes Large Orifice (1) and air is forced through the Anti Shock
Orifice (8) resulting in deceleration of the approaching water due to the resistance of rising air pressure in the
valve.
Attention is drawn to Pre Note 1 and 2 on page 1.

PRESSURIZED AIR RELEASE FROM A FULL PIPELINE

Subsequent to the filling of a pipeline, liquid enters the valve Barrel Chamber (2) and the Floats (4), (5) and
(6) are buoyed so that the Large Orifice (1) is closed by Float (6), the valve will then become internally
pressurized. A minimal working pressure of < 0. 5 bar (7. 3 psi) acting on the relatively large area of the
Orifice (1) will lock Float (6) into the closed position across the Large Orifice (1).
Disentrained air rises through the liquid and accumulates in the valve chamber, when the volume of air is
sufficient to displace the liquid, Float (4) will no longer be buoyant and will gravitate downwards thereby
opening the Small Orifice (7) and allowing accumulated air to be discharged into atmosphere, as air is
discharged the liquid raises Float (4) and re - seals the Small Orifice (7) and prevents escape of liquid
Specific attention is drawn to pre note 3 on page 1.

VACUUM RELIEF (AIR INTAKE) OF A DRAINING PIPELINE

Simultaneous drainage of liquid from Valve Chamber (2) causes Floats (4), (5) and (6) to gravitate
downwards onto the Baffle Plate (9), thereby allowing atmospheric air through the valve to rapidly displace
draining liquid in the pipeline and prevent potentially damaging internal negative pressure.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 2
revision date: Jan '99

Series RBXc

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENTS

TYPE 1

TYPE 2

TYPE 3
(Screwed)

MANHOLE
AIR VENT (AIR OUT)
DIAMETER EQUAL
OR GREATER THAN
NB OF AIR VALVE

AIR VENT (AIR IN)

DIAMETER EQUAL
OR GREATER THAN
NB OF AIR VALVE

VALVE CHAMBER
d = 0.5 DMIN.

h = D MIN.
AIR

D
AIR ACCUMULATOR

WATER

STONE
LOWER SUMP TO ALLOW DRAINAGE BY SUMP PUMP

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 3
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXc

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

SCREWED - DN25 (1") & DN50 (2")

Type:
End Connection:
Series RBXc - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) Screwed BSP (ISO R7)/ NPT Female
with Anti Shock Orifice Mechanism
Nominal Sizes:
DN25 (1")
DN50 (2")

Model No's:
RBXc 2511 & 2521

Top Flange
Ductile Cast Iron SG 42 / BS 2789 Gr 500/07
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated

Pressure Ratings:
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250

Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304 / 316

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Washers
Stainless Steel AISI 304 / 316
O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304 / 316

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Valve Body
Ductile Cast Iron
SG 42 / BS 2789 Gr 500/07
Fusion Bonded Epoxy
Powder Coated

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304 / 316
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Support Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304 / 316

Baffle Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304 / 316

End Connection
Screwed BSP (ISO R7)/ NPT female

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 4
revision date: Jan '99

Series RBXc

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGEDED - DN250 (10") & Dn300 (12")
DN400 (16") AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Type:
End Connection:
Series RBXc - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) Flanged
with Anti Shock Orifice Mechanism
Nominal Sizes:
DN250 (10")
DN300 (12")

Model No's:
RBXc 1601 & 1631
RBXc 2511 & 2521

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250

Vent-O-Mat Small Orifice Valve

Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737

Isolator
Stainless Steel AISI 316

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel
AISI 316

Top Flange
Ductile Cast Iron
SG 42 / BS 2789 Gr 500/07
Fusion Bonded
Epoxy Powder Coated

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 316

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 316

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Support Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 316

Valve Body
Ductile Cast Iron
SG 42 / BS 2789 Gr 500/07
Fusion Bonded Epoxy
Powder Coated
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Baffle Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 316

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 6
revision date: Jan '99

Series RBXc

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGEDED - DN250 (10") & DN300
DN400 (16") AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Type:
End Connection:
Series RBXc - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) Flanged
with Anti Shock Orifice Mechanism
Nominal Sizes:
DN250 (10")
DN300 (12")

Model No's:
RBXc 1601 & 1631
RBXc 2511 & 2521

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250

Vent-O-Mat Small Orifice Valve

Top Cover
ABS Plastic
Polylac PA 737

Isolator
Stainless Steel AISI 316

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel
AISI 316

Top Flange
Ductile Cast Iron
SG 42 / BS 2789 Gr 500/07
Fusion Bonded
Epoxy Powder Coated

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 316

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 316

Anti Shock Orifice

High Density Polyethylene
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Support Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 316

Valve Body
Ductile Cast Iron
SG 42 / BS 2789 Gr 500/07
Fusion Bonded Epoxy
Powder Coated
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Baffle Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 316

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 6
revision date: Jan '99

Series RBXc
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

End Connection:
Flange for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10, PN 16 & PN 25
SABS 1123 - Tables 1000/3, 1600/3 & 2500/3
ANSI B16.1 Class 125 & Class 250

T-O-

T
MA

VEN

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Anti Shock Orifice
mechanism.

R BX

Nominal Sizes:
DN80 (3") & DN200 (8")
Model No's:
Pressure Ratings bar (psi):
RBXc 1601 & 1631
16 bar (232 psi) ANSI # 125
RBXc 2501 & 2531
25 bar (363 psi) ANSI # 250
40 bar (580 psi) ANSI # 300 valves available on request.

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
Max.
16 bar (232 psi) ANSI #125
0.5 (7.2)
16 (232)
25 bar (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
25 (363)
40 bar (580 psi) ANSI # 300 valves available on request.

Operating Temperature Range:

0
0
0
0
0 C (35 F) to 85 C (185 F)

OPTIONAL 1/4"
BSP/NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
D

Function:
i) High volume air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) High volume air intake - pipeline draining
iii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iv) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge, water
column separation & liquid oscillation.

DN

Materials of Construction: - see page 5

Installation: - see page 3

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm
80
80
100
100
150
150
200
200

MODEL No.
in
3
3
4
4
6
6
8
8

080 RBXc
080 RBXc
100 RBXc
100 RBXc
150 RBXc
150 RBXc
200 RBXc
200 RBXc

1601 & 1631

2501 & 2531
1601 & 1631
2501 & 2531
1601 & 1631
2501 & 2531
1601 & 1631
2501 & 2531

PRESSURE RATING
PN16
PN25
PN16
PN25
PN16
PN25
PN16
PN25

(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)

ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #125
ANSI #250

information subject to change without prior notice

A
mm
296
296
296
296
375
375
432
432

in
11 5/8
11 5/8
11 5/8
11 5/8
14 3/4
14 3/4
17
17

B
mm in
420 16 1/2
420 16 1/2
420 16 1/2
420 16 1/2
494 19 5/16
494 19 5/16
556 217/8
556 217/8

C
mm in
18
45/64
18
45/64
18
45/64
22
7/8
22
7/8
30 11/8
24 17/8
28 11/8

D
mm in
20 25/32
24 15/16
20 25/32
26 11/32
22 7/8
26 13/16
22 7/8
26 11/8

E
mm
200
200
220
235
285
300
340
360

WEIGHT
in
kg lbs
7 7/8 22.5 49.5
7 7/8 22.5 49.5
8 5/8 24 52.8
91/4
24 52.8
111/4 62 136.4
113/4 62 136.4
131/3 110 242
141/6 110 242

page: 8
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXc
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

FLANGED - DN250 (10") & Dn300 (12")

DN400 (16") AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

End Connection:
Flange for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10, PN 16 & PN 25
SABS 1123 - Tables 1000/3, 1600/3 & 2500/3
ANSI B16.1 Class 125 & Class 250

T-O-

T
MA

VEN

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Anti Shock Orifice
mechanism.

R BX

Nominal Sizes:
DN250 (10"), DN300 (12") & DN400 (16")
Model No's:
Pressure Ratings bar (psi):
RBXc 1601 & 1631
16 bar (232 psi) ANSI # 125
RBXc 2501 & 2531
25 bar (363 psi) ANSI # 250
40 bar (580 psi) ANSI # 300 valves available on request.
Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):
Min
Max.
16 bar (232 psi) ANSI #125
0.5 (7.2)
16 (232)
25 bar (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
25 (363)
40 bar (580 psi) ANSI # 300 valves available on request.
B

Operating Temperature Range:

0
0
0
0
0 C (35 F) to 85 C (185 F)

OPTIONAL 1/4"
BSP/NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
Function:
i) High volume air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) High volume air intake - pipeline draining
iii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iv) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge, water
column separation & liquid oscillation.

D
C

DN

Materials of Construction: - see page 6

Installation: - see page 3

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm in

250
250
300
300

10
10
12
12

MODEL No.

250 RBXc
250 RBXc
300 RBXc
300 RBXc

1601 & 1631

2501 & 2531
1601 & 1631
2501 & 2531

PRESSURE RATING

PN16
PN25
PN16
PN25

(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)

ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #125
ANSI #250

information subject to change without prior notice

mm

in

mm

in

mm

586
586
682
682

23
23
267/8
267/8

616
616
698
698

19 5/16
19 5/16
217/8
217/8

26
30
26
30

C
D
E
in mm in mm in
12/31
13/16
12/31
13/16

26
32
28
38

12/31
11/4
11/8
11/2

405
425
460
485

1515/16
163/4
181/8
193/32

WEIGHT
kg lbs
172
172
265
265

378.4
378.4
583
583

page: 9
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXc
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

FLANGED - DN250 (10") & DN300

DN400 (16") AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

End Connection:
Flange for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10, PN 16 & PN 25
SABS 1123 - Tables 1000/3, 1600/3 & 2500/3
ANSI B16.1 Class 125 & Class 250

T-O-

T
MA

VEN

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Anti Shock Orifice
mechanism.

R BX

Nominal Sizes:
DN250 (10"), DN300 (12") & DN400 (16")
Model No's:
Pressure Ratings bar (psi):
RBXc 1601 & 1631
16 bar (232 psi) ANSI # 125
RBXc 2501 & 2531
25 bar (363 psi) ANSI # 250
40 bar (580 psi) ANSI # 300 valves available on request.
Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):
Min
Max.
16 bar (232 psi) ANSI #125
0.5 (7.2)
16 (232)
25 bar (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)
25 (363)
40 bar (580 psi) ANSI # 300 valves available on request.
B

Operating Temperature Range:

0
0
0
0
0 C (35 F) to 85 C (185 F)

OPTIONAL 1/4"
BSP/NPT
BLEED PORT
FOR
TEST COCK

Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
Function:
i) High volume air discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) High volume air intake - pipeline draining
iii) Pressurized air discharge - pipeline filled.
iv) Surge dampening - high velocity air discharge, water
column separation & liquid oscillation.

D
C

DN

Materials of Construction: - see page 6

Installation: - see page 3

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm in

250
250
300
300

10
10
12
12

MODEL No.

250 RBXc
250 RBXc
300 RBXc
300 RBXc

1601 & 1631

2501 & 2531
1601 & 1631
2501 & 2531

PRESSURE RATING

PN16
PN25
PN16
PN25

(232 psi)
(363 psi)
(232 psi)
(363 psi)

ANSI #125
ANSI #250
ANSI #125
ANSI #250

information subject to change without prior notice

mm

in

mm

in

mm

586
586
682
682

23
23
267/8
267/8

616
616
698
698

19 5/16
19 5/16
217/8
217/8

26
30
26
30

C
D
E
in mm in mm in
12/31
13/16
12/31
13/16

26
32
28
38

12/31
11/4
11/8
11/2

405
425
460
485

1515/16
163/4
181/8
193/32

WEIGHT
kg lbs
172
172
265
265

378.4
378.4
583
583

page: 9
revision date: Jan. '99

PRE-NOTES

Series RBXc
SELECTION & POSITIONING

The functional limits of an air valve are governed by three physical laws namely: Joukowski's Equation Boyle's
Law and Pascal's Law. Air valve operation however is also dependent on design and internal configuration, and
can vary dramatically from manufacturer's product to manufacturer's product, within the parameters of what is
physically possible. The basis of the Vent -O- Mat design is in the understanding of these laws, which have been
used to design an air release and vacuum break valve that provides the optimum usable safe performance
relative to all functions. The following summary is a general guideline of factors to consider when sizing air
valves.

Sizing for Vacuum

Calculate necessary valve orifice sizes independently for each apex point.
Determine the smallest air release and vacuum break valve capable of admitting air into the pipeline equal to the
potential water flow out of the pipeline whilst not exceeding a differential pressure that would put the pipeline
and gasket joints at risk. We recommend 0.35 bar (5psi) Dp for steel pipe or lower if GRP, uPVC or HDPE pipe is
being utilised. This exercise is simplified on pages 11 and 12 of this catalogue. Be cautious of air valve designs
with spherical floats as a low pressure zone is created above the float which causes it to partially close off the
large orifice during air intake.
Note that vacuum protection is dependent on valve size selection and orifice size relative to the nominal size of
the valve. In sizing air valves be cautious of designs with restricted orifice diameters, i.e., orifice diameters that
are smaller than the nominal size of the valve, as this could lead to insufficient vacuum protection and pipe
collapse if not accommodated for. Vent -O- Mat large orifice diameters and flow path through the ale is equal to
the nominal size of the valve e.g. a DN100 (4") ale has a 100mm (4") orifice. This ensures the least possible
resistance to the intake of air and consequently the least possible negative pressure within a draining pipeline.

Sizing for Discharge

If a Vent -O- Mat air valve is sized correctly for air intake, discharge should not be a factor in sizing as all air will be
discharged through the large orifice or "Anti-Shock" orifice (refer to RBXc operation on pages 1 and 2 of this
catalogue). If this information is used for the sizing of air valves other than Vent-O-Mat recommend that ale be
selected that is capable of discharging air equal to the filling rate, whilst not exceeding a differential of 0.05 bar
(0.7) psi across the large orifice in order to prevent pressure surge and water hammer.

Pressurized Air Discharge

Effective discharge by an air release and vacuum break vale of pressurized air depends on the existence of a
"Critical Relationship" between the area of the small orifice and the mass of the control float, i.e., the mass of the
float must be greater than the force created by the working pressure acting on the orifice area. If the float is
relatively too light or the orifice area relatively too great, the float will be held against the orifice even when not
buoyed, and air discharge will not take place.

Surge Alleviation
It is imperative, due to the unpredictable nature of pipeline operation, that every air release and vacuum break
valve should as standard, incorporate a surge and water hammer alleviation mechanism. This mechanism
should only be activated in the instance of high velocity air discharge or pump trip (where the separated liquid
columns rejoin at excessive velocities). The alleviation of surge and/or water hammer must be achieved by
deceleration of the approaching liquid prior to valve closure (see operation of RBXc on pages 1 and 2 of this
catalogue). Relief mechanisms that act subsequent to valve closure cannot react in the low millisecond time
span required and are therefore unacceptable (refer to pages 13 and 14 of this catalogue).
Kindly contact the manufacturer for a free Air valve Sizing Disc and a copy of the Vent -O- Mat publication;
"Air Valve Technology Reviewed", which gives a comprehensive guideline on air valve sizing as well as an
in-depth look at air valve research and development over the past 35 years. Vent-O-Mat in addition
provides assistance on air valve sizing and positioning.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 10
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXc
SELECTION & POSITIONING

3000mm

Pipeline flow in ft/sec.

10

20

15

25

30

118"

Selection Graph

2800mm

110"
102"

2600mm
2400mm

2 x DN300 (2 X 12")

2 x DN200 (2 x 8")

DN200 (8")

94"

DN150 (6")

86"

2000mm

78"

1800mm

70"

1600mm

DN80 (3")

DN100 (4")

DN50 (2")

DN25 (1")

62"

1400mm

56"

1200mm

48"

1000mm

40"

800mm

32"

600mm

24"

400mm

16"

200mm

8"
2

PipeD ia

inches mm
4
100
6
150
8
200
10
250
12
300
14
350
16
400
18
450
20
500
22
550
24
600
26
650
28
700
30
750
32
800
34
850
36
900
38
950
40
1000
44
1100
48
1200
52
1300
56
1400
60
1500
62
1600
66
1700
70
1800
74
1900
78
2000
82
2100
86
2200
90
2300
94
2400
98
2500
102
2600
106
2700
110
2800
114
2900
118
3000

0.5
5
10
18
27
39
47
62
79
97
118
140
163
190
219
249
282
317
354
393
475
565
664
770
884
1005
1135
1272
1418
1571
1732
1901
2077
2262
2454
2655
2863
3079
3303
3534

1
9
20
35
55
78
94
124
157
194
236
280
326
380
437
499
564
634
709
785
950
1131
1327
1539
1767
2011
2270
2545
2835
3142
3464
3801
4155
4524
4909
5309
5726
6158
6605
7069

1.5
14
31
53
82
117
141
186
236
291
353
420
489
570
656
748
847
951
1063
1178
1425
1696
1991
2309
2651
3016
3405
3817
4253
4712
5195
5702
6232
6786
7363
7964
8588
9236
9908
10603

2
18
41
70
110
156
188
247
315
388
471
560
653
760
875
998
1129
1268
1418
1571
1901
2262
2655
3079
3534
4021
4540
5089
5671
6283
6927
7603
8310
9048
9817
10619
11451
12315
13210
14137

2.5
23
51
88
137
194
235
309
393
485
589
700
816
949
1093
1247
1411
1585
1772
1963
2376
2827
3318
3848
4418
5027
5675
6362
7088
7854
8659
9503
10387
11310
12272
13273
14314
15394
16513
17671

Pipeline Velocity in Metres per sec.

3
28
61
105
165
233
282
371
472
582
707
839
979
1139
1312
1497
1693
1902
2126
2356
2851
3393
3982
4618
5301
6032
6809
7634
8506
9425
10391
11404
12464
13572
14726
15928
17177
18473
19816
21206

3.5
32
72
123
192
272
329
433
551
679
825
979
1142
1329
1530
1746
1976
2219
2481
2749
3326
3958
4646
5388
6185
7037
7944
8906
9924
10996
12123
13305
14542
15834
17181
18583
20039
21551
23118
24740

4
37
82
141
220
311
376
495
630
776
942
1119
1305
1519
1749
1995
2258
2537
2835
3142
3801
4524
5309
6158
7069
8042
9079
10179
11341
12566
13854
15205
16619
18096
19635
21237
22902
24630
26421
28274

4.5
41
92
158
247
350
423
557
708
873
1060
1259
1468
1709
1968
2245
2540
2854
3190
3534
4276
5089
5973
6927
7952
9048
10214
11451
12759
14137
15586
17106
18696
20358
22089
23892
25765
27709
29723
31809

5
46
102
176
275
389
470
618
787
970
1178
1399
1631
1899
2186
2494
2822
3171
3544
3927
4752
5655
6637
7697
8836
10053
11349
12723
14176
15708
17318
19007
20774
22619
24544
26546
28628
30788
33026
35343

5.5
51
113
193
302
428
517
680
866
1067
1296
1539
1795
2089
2405
2744
3105
3488
3899
4320
5227
6220
7300
8467
9719
11058
12484
13996
15594
17279
19050
20907
22851
24881
26998
29201
31491
33866
36329
38877

6
55
123
211
330
467
564
742
944
1164
1414
1679
1958
2279
2624
2993
3387
3805
4253
4712
5702
6786
7964
9236
10603
12064
13619
15268
17012
18850
20782
22808
24929
27143
29452
31856
34353
36945
39631
42412

Pipeline flow in m/sec.

6.5
60
133
229
357
506
611
804
1023
1261
1532
1819
2121
2468
2842
3242
3669
4122
4607
5105
6177
7351
8628
10006
11486
13069
14754
16540
18429
20420
22513
24709
27006
29405
31907
34510
37216
40024
42934
45946

7
64
143
246
385
545
658
866
1102
1358
1649
1959
2284
2658
3061
3492
3951
4439
4962
5498
6652
7917
9291
10776
12370
14074
15889
17813
19847
21991
24245
26609
29083
31667
34361
37165
40079
43103
46236
49480

7.5
69
154
264
412
583
705
928
1180
1455
1767
2099
2447
2848
3280
3741
4233
4756
5316
5890
7127
8482
9955
11545
13254
15080
17024
19085
21265
23562
25977
28510
31161
33929
36816
39820
42942
46181
49539
53014

Conversion Table l /sec. to m/sec. of Pipeline Velocity

information subject to change without prior notice

10

8
74
164
281
440
622
752
989
1259
1552
1885
2239
2610
3038
3498
3991
4516
5073
5671
6283
7603
9048
10619
12315
14137
16085
18158
20358
22682
25133
27709
30411
33238
36191
39270
42474
45804
49260
52842
56549

8.5
78
174
299
467
661
799
1051
1338
1648
2003
2379
2774
3228
3717
4240
4798
5390
6025
6676
8078
9613
11282
13085
15021
17090
19293
21630
24100
26704
29441
32311
35315
38453
41724
45129
48667
52339
56144
60083

Pipe dia. in inches

Pipe dia. in mm

2200mm

DN300 (12")

9
83
184
316
495
700
846
1113
1416
1745
2121
2518
2937
3418
3935
4490
5080
5707
6379
7069
8553
10179
11946
13854
15904
18096
20428
22902
25518
28274
31172
34212
37393
40715
44179
47784
51530
55418
59447
63617

9.5
87
195
334
522
739
893
1175
1495
1842
2238
2658
3100
3608
4154
4739
5362
6024
6734
7461
9028
10744
12610
14624
16788
19101
21563
24175
26935
29845
32904
36113
39470
42977
46633
50438
54393
58496
62749
67152

10
92
205
352
550
778
940
1237
1574
1939
2356
2798
3263
3798
4373
4988
5645
6341
7088
7854
9503
11310
13273
15394
17671
20106
22698
25447
28353
31416
34636
38013
41548
45239
49087
53093
57256
61575
66052
70686

page: 11
revision date: Feb. '97

VALVE SELECTION FROM GRAPH

All the relevant information has been condensed into one graph to enable valve selection to be simple and easy and at the same time to allow flexibility to
the designer to move within certain parameters which eventually allows the most suited and economically viable valve to be selected.

Selection is based on the premise that pipelines are generally filled at a slower rate
than they are drained, scoured or at which separation occurs (a maximum fill/
drain ratio of 1:1).

A 400mm (16") pipeline draining at 409 l/sec (851 scf/m) which equates to
3.25 m/sec. (10.66 ft/s), what valve size should be selected?

2. Move vertically on the selection graph ( top of page 11) from the m/s (ft/s)
point and move horizontally from the pipe size finding the intersecting
point.
3. This point should fall within the operating band of a particular valve size.
Consideration must be given to the fact that the upper portion of the band
approaches - 3. 5 meters (- 5 psi) and the lower portion - 1 meter (- 1. 45
psi) for each valve size, this allows the designer to see at a glance if the

valve is too close to it's operating limits and to select the next valve
size.

VALVE POSITIONING

1. ON APEX POINTS (relative to hydraulic gradient).

2. 5 METRES (16 FEET) BELOW APEX POINTS FORMED BY INTERSECTION OF PIPELINE AND HYDRAULIC GRADIENT - i.e.
where pipeline siphoning over gradient an air release valve positioned on the apex would break the siphon. If positioning
on apex is required a modified VENT -O- MAT Series RBXc can be supplied.
3. NEGATIVE BREAKS (increase in downward slope or decrease in upward slope).

page: 12
revision date: Jan. '99

4. LONG HORIZONTAL SECTIONS - every 600 metres (1/3 of a mile) maximum.

5. LONG ASCENDING SECTIONS - every 600 metres (1/3 of a mile) maximum.

Alternatively: - 1 meter per every mm in pipe diameter e.g. space air valves every 600 meters
for a 600mm diameter pipeline or every 800, for a 800mm diameter pipeline.
SCOUR
GRADIENT

6. LONG DESCENDING SECTIONS - every 600 metres (1/3 of a mile) maximum.

7. PUMP DISCHARGE (not shown in diagram) - just subsequent to non return valve.

LIC
HYDRAU

8. BLANK ENDS (not shown in diagram) - where a pipeline is terminated by a blind flange or a valve.

T
GRADIEN

1
1 3

HORIZONTAL DATUM

3 3

MAY BE REQUIRED
SCOUR
FOR SCOURING
VALVE

Series RBXc

From the 3. 25 m/sec. (10. 66 ft/s) point, on the graph on page 11, move
vertically until the 400 mm (16") pipe size horizontal line is intersected. This
places the intersection point in the operating band of a DN100 (4") Vent -O- Mat
RBXc valve. But, if for example, the drainage rate is 433 l/sec. (917 scf/m) which
equates to 3.5 m/sec. (11.48 ft/s), the valve would be operating close to it's limit
and it may be prudent to change to a DN150 (6") Vent -O- Mat RBXc.

1. Determine the maximum drainage rate in m/s (ft/s) either for scouring, pipe
rupture or column separation for a particular pipeline section. Conversion
from l/sec to m/sec can be done fairly quickly; using the conversion table on
page 11.

EXAMPLE OF VALVE SIZING

(ASSUMMING AN INDIVIDUAL SECTION)

ACTUAL SELECTION
( GRAVITY OR PUMPED PIPELINES)

SELECTION & POSITIONING

information subject to change without prior notice

IMPORTANT NOTE: The graph is based on vacuum breaking and limiting vacuum to 3.5. meters (5 psi) below atmospheric. It is not good practice to go
below 7 meters (10 psi) absolute (3 meters (4. 4 psi) differential in pipeline at sea level). The graph allows for change in altitude and hence change in
atmospheric pressure and is based on the assumption that more than one valve per section is used for vacuum protection and venting.

Series RBXc

SURGE & WATERHAMMER PROTECTION

Introduction

The Vent-O-Mat Series RBXc "Anti-Shock" air release and vacuum break valve, is the product of extensive
research into the development of an efficient, but cost effective solution to surge problems (both mass liquid
oscillation and elastic transient phenomena) associated with any operating pipeline. Automatic dampening,
relevant to the pipeline's needs is provided by either one of two design features. These special features are
unique in a pipeline component of such compact and economic design.

Surge Protection - Initial Filling

The RBXc incorporates the additional floating "Anti-Shock" Orifice which is aerodynamically engineered to
throttle air discharge when water approach velocity would otherwise become too great and induce an
unacceptable pressure rise. The air throttling action increases resistance to the flow of the approaching water
which consequently decelerates to a velocity which reduces the pressure rise when the valve closes (see
operation of valve on pages 1 & 2). Vent-O-Mat series RBXc is an essential precaution for pipeline priming.

Surge Protection - Pump Trip Conditions

In instances where a pipeline experiences water column separation due to pump stoppage, high shock
pressures can be generated when the separated water column rejoins.
The Vent-O-Mat series RBXc takes in air through the unobstructed large orifice when water column separation
occurs, but controls the discharge of air through the "Anti-Shock" Orifice as the separated column commences
to rejoin. The rejoining impact velocity is thereby considerably reduced to alleviate high surge pressures in the
system (see operation of valve on pages 1 & 2).
Other surge control measures may, dependant on pipeline profile, diameter and operating conditions, be
needed to provide the primary surge alleviation function with the Vent-O-Mat air-valves forming an integral and
valuable addition in a combined strategy for further reducing surge pressures. The benefit of the "Anti-Shock"
Orifice can be readily demonstrated by suitable surge modeling software.

Surge Protection - Pipeline Operating

The operation of valves and similar flow control devices can cause high-pressure transients in an operating
pipeline.
The unique, single chamber design of the Vent-O-Mat series RBXc valve enables a pocket of air to be trapped in
the valve chamber. Automatic operation of the small orifice control float regulates the volume of air entrapped.
The volume maintained in the valve will provide a cushioning benefit to the pipeline for short duration transient
pressure "spikes". This effect can be modelled by the design engineer using suitable surge software.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 13
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXc

SURGE & WATERHAMMER PROTECTION

Computer Modelling

The effectiveness of Vent-O-Mat series RBXc has been substantiated by independent third party testing and by
thousands of applications globally. Effective computer modelling, based on practical tests, has been ensured in
the well-known and respected commercially available SURGE 5.3 surge analysis software programme.
Accurate results are also obtained by other commercially available surge analysis software programmes such
as FLOWMASTER and TRANSAM.

Holistic Surge & Water Hammer Protection

Vent-O-Mat forms an integral part of a well planned, holistic surge protection strategy that should, according to
application needs and financial constraints, include surge vessels, check valves, control valves and/or any
other equipment needed to alleviate unacceptable surge behaviour.

Technical and Financial Benefits

The Vent-O-Mat series RBXc valve offers definite financial and technical advantages when incorporated as part
of a holistic surge protection strategy. This includes:
1. Improved alleviation of surge behaviour including reduction of:
Surge pressure magnitudes by slowing surge velocities
Duration of oscillation following a pump trip, as the air-valve continuously absorbs and
dissipates the energies of the surge.
2. Potential for reduction in size and/or quantity of conventional surge protection devices such as surge
vessels etc.
3. Automatic protection during initial filling when most surge protection devices are not operational.
4. Holistic protection as each air valve installed has design features to automatically damp surges.
5. The valve is virtually maintenance free.

Service

Vent-O-Mat is committed to finding the most cost effective and efficient solution to pipeline complexities.
Services include air valve sizing and positioning and assistance to consulting engineers on defining appropriate
surge and water hammer protection strategies. Vent-O-Mat has built a sound relationship with many
international consulting firms and has gained global recognition for selling solutions!

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 14
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXc

SMALL ORIFICE DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE

Type:
Series RBXc - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with 'Anti Shock Orifice' Mechanism
Model No's:
RBXc 1601/ 1631
RBXc 2511/ 2521/ 2501/ 2531

o 1.2 mm (o 0. 047") small orifice - DN25 (1") & DN50 (2") Valves
o 1.5 mm (o 0. 059") small orifice - DN80 (3") & DN100 (4') Valves
o 2.4 mm (o 0. 094") small orifice - DN150 (6") & DN200 (8') Valves
o 3.2 mm (o 0. 125") small orifice - DN250 (10") & DN300 (12') Valves

Q1 (scf/min.)

FOR HIGHER Dp OR DISCHARGE RATES CONSULT MANUFACTURER

25

Dp
(bar)

350
300

20

250

15

Q =Normal Litres
per second (Free Air)
@ 1. 01325 bar Abs.
and 20 deg. C

10

Q1=Standard Cubic Feet

per minute (Free Air)
@ 14. 7 psi Abs.
70 deg. F

200
150

CONVERSION EQUIVALENTS

5
0

Dp1
(psi)

10

1 l/ sec. = 2. 1189 scf/ min. 1 scf/ min = 0. 472 l/ sec.

100

1 bar = 14. 5 psi

50

Q (nl/s)

information subject to change without prior notice

15

1 psi = 0. 069 bar

20

25

page: 15
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXc
Why ?

"ANTI - SHOCK" - "ANTI - SURGE" - The RBXc is the only air release valve available that is supplied as
standard with a mechanism which operates automatically to prevent pipeline damage from the high
induced pressure transients associated with high velocity air discharge. Surge resulting from liquid
column separation and liquid oscillation is dramatically reduced as an automatic function of this
mechanism.

PERFORMANCE - The RBXc has been designed and developed to provide the optimum usable and
safe performance relative to all functions. Selection data has been substantiated through CSIR and
other testing and can therefore, be confidently referenced.

QUALITY - The RBXc economically offers the highest quality construction and materials available in
an air release and vacuum break valve. Stringent manufacturing and test procedures are maintained to
ensure the best possible service and reliability is given by every valve produced.

SERVICEABILITY - The RBXc design facilitates extreme ease of service and maintenance.
Components are in corrosion free materials to allow problem free disassembly and reassembly even
after many years of operation. All maintenance spares are replaceable without special tools or skills.

VACUUM BREAK - The RBXc series large orifice diameters equal the nominal size of the valve, i.e., a
200mm (8") valve has a 200mm (8") orifice. This ensures the least possible resistance to the intake of
air and consequently the least possible negative pressure within a draining pipeline.

COMPACTNESS - Although extremely robust the RBXc valve's lightweight and compact construction
offers handling transport and installation advantages.

BACK UP - Vent -O- Mat provides highly committed customer orientated sales, service, spares and
technical back up - TRY US!!!

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 16
revision date: Jan '99

Series RBXc
PURCHASE SPECIFICATION

VENT -O- MAT MODEL NO.

Page 7 - Series RBXc - DN25 (1") or DN50 (2") with BSP (ISO R7) or NPT, Screwed Female Connection.
Page 8 - Series RBXc - DN80 (3") to DN200 (8") Flanged Connection.
Page 9 - Series RBXc - DN250 (10") to DN300 (12") Flanged Connection.

CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN

The air release & vacuum break valve shall be of the compact single chamber design with solid cylindrical H.D.P.E.
control floats housed in a tubular ductile cast iron body, epoxy powder coated to 300 microns, secured by means
of stainless steel 304/316 fasteners.
The valve shall have an integral 'Anti - Shock' Orifice mechanism which shall operate automatically to limit transient
pressure rise or shock induced by closure to 1.5 x valve rated working pressure.
The intake orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve i.e., a 150mm (6") valve shall have a 150mm
(6") intake orifice.
Large orifice sealing shall be effected by the flat face of the control float seating against a nitrile/EPDM rubber 'O'
ring housed in a dovetail groove circumferentially surrounding the orifice.
Discharge of pressurized air shall be controlled by the seating & unseating of a small orifice nozzle on a natural
rubber seal affixed into the control float. The nozzle shall have a flat seating land surrounding the orifice so that the
damage to the rubber seal is prevented.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength characteristics, so that deformation,
leaking or damage of any kind does not occur by submission to twice the designed working pressure.
Connection to the valve inlet shall be facilitated by a screwed BSP (ISO R7) or NPT female end (DN25 (1") & DN50
(2") only) or a flanged end conforming to PN10, 16 & 25 ratings of BS 4504 or SABS 1123 Standards or, ANSI
B16. 1 Class 125 and Class 250. Nuts, bolts, washers, or jointing gaskets shall be excluded.
Optional: Provision of a 1/4" BSP/ NPT Test/ Bleed Cock.

OPERATION

1. Prior to the ingress of liquid into the valve chamber, as when the pipeline is being filled, valves
shall vent through the large orifice when water approach velocities are relative to a transient
pressure rise, on valve closure, of < 1.5 x valve rated pressure.
At higher water approach velocities, which have a potential to induce transient pressure rises > 1.5 x
valve rated pressure on valve closure, the valve shall automatically discharge air through the
Anti Shock Orifice and reduce water approach velocity, so that on closure a maximum transient
pressure rise of < 1.5 x valve rated pressure is realised.
2. Valves shall not exhibit leaks or weeping of liquid past the large orifice seal at operating pressures of
0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to 1.5 times rated working pressure.
3. Valves shall respond to the presence of air by discharging it through the small orifice at any
pressures within a specified design range, i.e. 0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to 16 bar (232 psi) or 25 bar (363 psi),
and shall remain leak tight in the absence of air.
4. Valves shall react immediately to pipeline drainage or water column separation by the full opening of
the large orifice so as to allow unobstructed air intake at the lowest possible negative internal
pipeline pressure.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 17
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RBXc
ORDERING GUIDE

VALVE SIZE:
DN25 (1") - 0 2 5
DN50 (2") - 0 5 0
DN80 (3") - 0 8 0
DN100 (4") - 1 0 0
DN150 (6") - 1 5 0
DN200 (8") - 2 0 0
DN250 (10") - 2 5 0
DN300 (12") - 3 0 0
VALVE SERIES No:

050 RB X c

25 0 1

VALVE TYPE:
DOUBLE ACTING 1

VALVE END CONNECTION:

SCREWED - BSP
1
SCREWED - NPT
2
FLANGED - BS 4504 OR SABS 1123 0
FLANGED - ANSI B16. 1 OR B16. 5 3

ANTI SHOCK ORIFICE:

CAST BODY:

VALVE PRESSURE RATING:

PN16 (232 PSI), ANSI#125 1 6
PN25 (363 PSI), ANSI#250 2 5

Note:
1. Valves in cast stainless steel 304 & 316 are available on request.
2. Valves for pressure ratings of PN40 (363 psi) ANSI #300 and PN64 (928 psi) ANSI #400 are
available on request.
3. DN400 (16") valves are available on request.

TEST SPECIFICATION

All air release valves supplied shall be subjected to the following testing procedures in the order laid
down:
(A) A high pressure strength and leak test whereby the valve is filled with water and pressurized to 1.5
times the rated working pressure which shall be held for a period of 2 minutes. Any leaking, weeping o r
sweating shall be reason for rejection.
(B) A low head leak test whereby the valve is filled with water and pressurized to a maximum of 0.5 bar
(7.3 psi) using a visible water column connected to the test rig. The valve shall be rejected if leak
tightness is not maintained for 2 minutes
(C) Every tenth air release valve of the same size and pressure rating must be subjected to a small orifice
function test - "DROP TEST" - whereby the valve is filled with water, pressurized to above rated working
pressure and isolated from the test rig by closure of an isolating valve. A chamber in the test rig
immediately prior to the isolating valve must be filled with compressed air at a pressure equal to that
being maintained in the air release valve. The isolating valve is then opened so as to allow the air to
rise in the air release valve without the pressure dropping lower than 2 - 3 bar (29 - 44 psi) above rated
working pressure of the air release valve. The "DROP TEST" is then carried out by slowly bleeding off the
pressure through a suitable cock until rated working pressure is reached and the float drops away from the
orifice to allow discharge. Failure of the air release valve to function in the manner described will be reason
for rejection.
On request the manufacturer shall provide batch certificates of test compliance which shall be cross
referenced to serial numbers indelibly marked onto the identity label of each valve.
IMPORTANT NOTE: It is impossible to inject air into an incompressible liquid, air injection can only be achieved
if the liquid can be displaced which implies that the pressure in the test rig must be reduced to atmospheric,
and absolutely nothing is proven by discharge through the small orifice of the air release valve at atmospheric
pressure. "DROP TESTING" in this manner is not acceptable.
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 18
revision date: Jan. '99

HOW TO SPECIFY VENT-O-MAT (WATER)

VENT-O-MAT SERIES RBXv ANTI-SHOCK AIR
RELEASE & VACUUM BREAK VALVE SPECIFICATIONS
FOR USE BY SPECIFYING AUTHORITIES
For: Peak points above the hydraulic gradeline. And/or for applications where air
entry is not desired in the pipeline.
FUNCTION
The required valve shall provide any of the functions, or combination of functions,
described below as specified in the schedule of quantities.
High volume air discharge
Uninterrupted high volume air discharge through the large orifice.
Pressurized air discharge
Discharge of disentrained pressurized air through the small orifice.
Surge dampening
The valve must incorporate an integral surge alleviation mechanism which will
automatically dampen surge pressures due to rapid air discharge.
CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN
The air release and vacuum break valve shall be of a compact single chamber
design with solid cylindrical High Density Polyethylene control floats housed in a
tubular stainless steel or corrosion protected body with epoxy powder coated mils
steel, or stainless steel ends secured by means of stainless steel tie rods.
The valve shall have an integral surge alleviation mechanism which shall
operate automatically to limit transient pressure rise or shock induced by
closure due to high velocity air discharge or the subsequent rejoining of
separated water columns. The limitation of pressure rise must be achieved
by deceleration of approaching water prior to valve closure. Relief
mechanisms that act subsequent to valve closure cannot react in the low
millisecond time span required and are therefore unacceptable.
Large orifice sealing shall be effected by the flat face of the control float seating
against a nitrile/EPDM rubber O Ring housed in a dovetail groove
circumferentially surrounding the large orifice. Discharge of pressurized air shall

be controlled by the seating and unseating of a small orifice on a natural/EPDM

rubber seal affixed to the control float.
The intake/discharge orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve
i.e. a 150mm (6) valve shall have a 150mm (6) intake/discharge orifice.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength
characteristics, so that the deformation, leaking or damage of any kind does not
occur by submission to twice the designed working pressure.
The valve design shall incorporate an over pressure safety feature that will fail
without an explosive effect, such as is normally the case when highly
compressed air is released suddenly. This feature shall consist of easily
replaceable components such as gaskets, seals or the like.

Copyright VENT-O-MAT

VENT-O-MAT
AIR RELEASE AND VACUUM BREAK VALVES SERIES RGX ANTI-SURGE
The Unique defence against pipe bursts and pipeline system damage!
Vent-O-Mat Series RGX has evolved from a long lineage of research and
development into a product that has proven unsurpassed for air release, vacuum
protection, surge alleviation and pipeline flow enhancement.
The basis of the Vent-O-Mat design is in the understanding of the physical laws
that govern air valve and pipeline operation. Reaction to pipeline dynamics is
therefore instantaneous and protection provided is relevant to the pipelines
needs.
Vent-O-Mat Series RGX truly represents the pinnacle of valve design evolution.
This valve design provides the most comprehensive, effective and efficient
pipeline protection relative to initial cost of any other available pipeline
component. This can easily be gauged from below:
Automatic Surge Protection
The Unique Series RGX valve incorporates as standard, three design features to
automatically protect a pipeline, under all pipeline operating conditions, from the
destructive surge and water hammer phenomena. These features are
independent of any mechanical devices ensuring reaction in a very low milli
second time span.
Effective Air Release
The RGX design ensures effective de-aeration under all pipeline flow and
operating conditions, via either one of three discharge orifices.
Vacuum Protection
The RGX Series large orifice diameters equal the nominal size of the valve. This
ensures the least possible resistance to the intake of air and consequently the
least possible negative pressure within a draining pipeline. The use of solid,
cylindrical floats ensures instantaneous reaction, discourages the Venturi
phenomenon and is a further guarantee of effective vacuum protection.
Guaranteed Performance
The RGX has been designed and developed to provide the optimum usable and
safe performance relative to all functions. Selection data has been substantiated
through third party testing and can therefore be confidently referenced.

The surge protection function of the RGX design has been incorporated in the
well-known SURGE 5 surge analysis software programme and can be analysed
with great accuracy in other commercially available surge analysis programmes
such as FLOWMASTER and TRANSAM.
Unparalleled Service
Vent-O-Mat is committed to customer service and to the selling of solutions. Our
highly dedicated team is available at all times to assist with air valve sizing and
positioning. Assistance is also provided in finding the most cost effective and/or
efficient surge protection strategy relevant to the pipelines needs.
International Representation
Vent-O-Mat is represented in the following countries and regions:

USA
Canada
Carribean
United Arab Emirates
South America
Thailand
Germany
Kenya
Egypt
UK
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Tanzania
Malawi
Zambia
Namibia
Hong Kong
Taiwan
New Zealand
Vietnam
Kuwait
Brazil
France
Singapore
Australia

Series RGX
Anti- Surge
Air Release and Vacuum Break Valves

Series RGX
"ANTI - SURGE"
AIR RELEASE & VACUUM BREAK VALVES

CATALOGUE INDEX
CONTENT
OPERATION -SERIES RGX
RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENTS -SERIES RGX
AVAILABLE DISCHARGE CONNECTIONS -SERIES RGX
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGX
DN50 (2") - DN100 (4") - Flanged PN 10
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGX
DN80 DN50 (2") - DN 80 (3) DN100 (4") - Flanged (Expanded Body)
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGX
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8") - Flanged PN 10
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGX
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8") - Flanged (Expanded Body)PN 16 - PN 25
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGX
DN50 (2") - DN200 (8") - Flanged
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGX
DN50 (2") - DN200 (8") - Flanged (Expanded Body)
SELECTION & POSITIONING - SERIES RGX
SURGE & WATERHAMMER PROTECTION SERIES RGX
SMALL ORIFICE DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE
WHY VENT -O- MAT SERIES RGX ?
PURCHASE SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGX
ORDERING GUIDE & TEST SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGX
OPERATION - SERIES RGXb
RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENTS - SERIES RGXb
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXb
DN50 (2") - DN100 (4") - Flanged PN 10
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXb
DN50 (2") - DN100 (4") - Flanged (Expanded Body) PN 16 - PN 25
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXb
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8") - Flanged PN 10
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXb
DN150 (6") & DN200 (8") - Flanged (Expanded Body) PN 16 - PN 25
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXb
DN50 (2") - DN200 (8") - Flanged PN 10
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXb
DN50 (2") - DN200 (8") - Flanged (Expanded Body)PN 16 - PN 25
PURCHASE SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXb
OPERATION - SERIES RGXv
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXv
DN50 (2") - DN100 (4") - Flanged PN 10
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXv
DN50 (2") - DN100 (4") - Flanged (Expanded Body) PN 16 - PN 25
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXv
DN150 (6") - DN200 (8") - Flanged PN 10
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXv
DN150 (6") - DN200 (8") - Flanged (Expanded Body) PN 16 - PN 25
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXV
DN50 (2") - DN200 (8") - Flanged PN 10
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXV
DN50 (2") - DN200 (8") - Flanged (Expanded Body)PN 16 - PN 25
PURCHASE SPECIFICATIONS - SERIES RGXv
ORDERING GUIDE - SERIES RGXv
PRODUCT INFORMATION FORM

PAGE
1-2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 - 12
13 - 14
15
16
17
18
19 -20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29-30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

Series RGX
OPERATION

"Anti - Surge" Orifice

Maximum Surge Level

PIPELINE FILLING
(SUB CRITICAL SEWAGE/ EFFLUENT
APPROACH VELOCITY)

PIPELINE FILLING
(EXCESSIVE SEWAGE/ EFFLUENT
APPROACH VELOCITY)

PIPELINE FULLY CHARGED

Normal Operating Level

(Small Orifice Control
Float Buoyancy Level)
10 bar (150 psi)
Working Pressure

PRESSURIZED AIR/GAS RELEASE

PIPELINE OPERATING

information subject to change without prior notice

VACUUM RELIEF (AIR INTAKE)

PIPELINE DRAINING

page: 1
revision date: June '95

Series RGX
OPERATION

PRE NOTES:
A) VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE:
The operation of a conventional sewage air release valve is such that fast approaching sewage/effluent is almost
instantaneously halted by the valve's closure. Consequently surge pressures of potentially damaging proportions can be
generated in a pipeline system, even at normal filling rates.
In addition to venting through the Large Orifice when sewage/effluent approach velocities are sub critical, the Vent -O- Mat
series RGX sewage air release valves feature an automatic "Anti - Surge" Orifice device that serves to decelerate
sewage/effluent approaching at excessive speed, thereby limiting pressure rise in the pipeline.
B) SURGE ALLEVIATION - PIPELINE PRESSURIZED:
In instances where a pipeline experiences liquid column separation due to pump stoppage, high surge pressures can be
generated when the separated column rejoins.
The Vent -O- Mat series RGX takes in air through the unobstructed large orifice when column separation occurs, but
controls the discharge of air/gas through the "Anti-Surge" Orifice as the separated column commences to rejoin. The
rejoining impact velocity is thereby sufficiently reduced to prevent an unacceptably high surge pressure in the system. In
the same way the series RGX valve prevents high surge pressures resulting from liquid oscillation in a pipeline.

1. PIPELINE FILLING (SUB CRITICAL SEWAGE/ EFFLUENT APPROACH VELOCITY)

Air/gas flows through the annular area around the control float assembly and to atmosphere through the large orifice.

2. PIPELINE FILLING (EXCESSIVE SEWAGE/ EFFLUENT APPROACH VELOCITY)

In reaction to an increase in air/gas flow, the "Anti - Surge" float closes the large orifice and air/gas is forced through the
"Anti - Surge" Orifice resulting in a deceleration of the approaching liquid due to the resistance of rising air/gas pressure in
the valve.
Attention is drawn to Pre Notes (A) and (B) above.

3. PIPELINE FULLY CHARGED

Sewage/effluent has entered the the valve chamber and buoyed the floats to close both the large and the small orifice. The
design's compression/volume relationship prevents the media from ever exceeding the maximum surge level indicated in
diagram 3. The resultant sewage/effluent free area protects against the fouling of the orifice seals by solids or high viscous
substances - for this reason NO FLUSHING CONNECTIONS ARE NECESSARY.

4. PRESSURIZED AIR/ GAS RELEASE - PIPELINE OPERATING

The volume of disentrained air/gas increases in the valve and displaces the sewage/effluent to the lower, normal operating
level (small orifice control float buoyancy level). Any additional lowering of the sewage/effluent level, as would occur when
more air/gas enters the valve, will result in the control float dropping away from the small orifice through which pressurized
air/gas is then being discharged to atmosphere.

The control float will close the small orifice when sufficient air/gas has been released to restore the sewage/effluent to the
normal operating level.
The considerable sewage/effluent free area obviates the possibility of leaks that could otherwise be caused by solids
entering the sealing areas - for this reason NO FLUSHING CONNECTIONS ARE NECESSARY.

5. VACUUM RELIEF (AIR INTAKE) - PIPELINE DRAINING

When the internal pipeline pressure reduces to atmosphere the "Anti - Surge" mechanism and control float assembly drops,
opens the large orifice and allows the pipeline to take in air to displace the draining media so as to prevent undesirable low
negative pressure*.

The hollow, smooth side float design discourages adherence of solids and viscous substances which, therefore, tend to
withdraw from the valve into the pipeline when draining occurs - for this reason NO FLUSHING CONNECTIONS ARE
NECESSARY.
*NOTE: Negative pressure values are dependant on valve size selection.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 2
revision date: June '95

Series RGX

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENTS

TYPE 1

TYPE 2

MANHOLE
AIR VENT (AIR OUT)
DIAMETER EQUAL
OR GREATER THAN
NB OF AIR VALVE

AIR VENT (AIR IN)

DIAMETER EQUAL
OR GREATER THAN
NB OF AIR VALVE

VALVE CHAMBER
d = 0.5 DMIN.

h = D MIN.
AIR/ GAS

D
AIR/ GAS ACCUMULATOR

SEWAGE/ EFFLUENT

STONE
LOWER SUMP TO ALLOW DRAINAGE BY SUMP PUMP

TYPICAL VALVE CHAMBER

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 3
revision date: June '95

Series RGX

AVAILABLE DISCHARGE CONNECTIONS

DN50 (2") TO DN200 (8")

DN250 (10") & DN300 (12") VALVES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Standard Discharge
Connection. Screen
Mesh On Outlet.

Screwed BSP/NPT
Discharge Connection.
DN50 (2") Valves Only.

Flanged Discharge
Connection.*

Long Radius
Discharge Connection.*

*NOTE:

Discharge Connections Are Equal To Valve Pressure Rating

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 4
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGX

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN100 (4")

Type:
Series RGX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with "Anti-Surge" Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs
DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/ NPT - male
as standard.

Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2")
DN80 (3")
DN100 (4")

Model No's:
RGX 1001 & 1021

Pressure Ratings:
PN10 (150 psi) ANSI #125
Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene

Connecting Bracket
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Body
Stainless Steel 304
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

Note: DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/NPT male as standard.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 5
revision date: June '95

Series RGX

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN100 (4")

Type:
Series RGX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with "Anti-Surge" Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs
DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/ NPT - male
as standard.

Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2")
DN80 (3")
DN100 (4")

Model No's:
RGX 1601 & 1621
RGX 2501 & 2521

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene

Connecting Bracket
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Body
Stainless Steel AISI 304L
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

Note: DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/NPT male as standard.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 6
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGX

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")

DN300 (12") VALVES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Type:
Series RGX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with "Anti-Surge" Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs

Nominal Size:
DN150 (6")
DN200 (8")

Model No's:
RGX 1001 & 1021

Pressure Ratings:
PN10 (150 psi) ANSI #125
Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternativly EPDM
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene

Float Screw
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Body
Stainless Steel 304
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 7
revision date: June '95

Series RGX

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")

DN300 (12") VALVES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Type:
Series RGX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with "Anti-Surge" Mechanism
Nominal Size:
DN150 (6")
Dn200 (8")

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs

Model No's:
RGX 1601 & 1621
RGX 2501 & 2521

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene
Top Float
High Density Polyethylene
Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Float Screw
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Body
Stainless Steel AISI 304L
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 8
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGX
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN200 (8")

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Anti Surge Orifice
mechanism.

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10
SABS 1123 - Table 1000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125.

Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2"), DN80 (3"),DN100 (4"), DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
B

Model No's:
RGX 1001 & 1021

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 10 (150 psi) ANSI #125

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

C

Min
0.5 (7.2)

PN10 (150 psi) ANSI #125

Max.
10 (150)

Function:
i) High volume air/gas discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) High volume air intake - pipeline draining
iii) Pressurized air/gas discharge - pipeline filled.
iv) Surge dampening - high velocity air/gas discharge,
liquid column separation & liquid oscillation.

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm

in

50
80
100
150
200

2
3
4
6
8

Model No.
050 RGX 1001 & 1021
080 RGX 1001 & 1021
100 RGX 1001 & 1021
150 RGX 1001 & 1021
200 RGX 1001 & 1021

mm

in

mm

in

220
285
285
395
445

8 /
11 1/4
11 1/4
13 1/2
17 1/2

770
783
783
1063
1063

30 /16
30 7/8
30 7/8
41 7/8
41 7/8

11 16

D
mm

in

mm in

Weight

in

52
45
45
54
54

2
165 6 /
50 2 24 52.8
1 13/16 200 7 7/8
80 3 40 88
1 13/16 220 8 11/16 100 4 40 88
2 1/8 285 11 1/4 150 6 85 187
2 1/8 340 13 1/3 200 8 110 242

Note: DN50 (2") valves have DN50 (2") BSP/NPT male inlet connections as standard.
information subject to change without prior notice

mm

kg

lbs

1 2

page: 9
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGX
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN200 (8")
Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Anti Surge Orifice
mechanism.
A

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 16 & PN 25
SABS 1123 - Tables 1600/3 & 2500/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125 & Class 250.
Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2"), DN80 (3"),DN100 (4"), DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
Model No's:
RGX 1601 & 1621
RGX 2501 & 2521

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
0.5 (7.2)
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
16 (232)
25 (363)

Function:
i) High volume air/gas discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) High volume air intake - pipeline draining
iii) Pressurized air/gas discharge - pipeline filled.
iv) Surge dampening - high velocity air/gas discharge,
liquid column separation & liquid oscillation.
C

Valve Selection:- see pages 11 & 12

Materials of Construction:- see pages 6 & 8
Installation:- see page 3
D

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic test -1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak test - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function test at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN

Model No.

A
mm

B
in

mm

50
80
100
150
200
50
80
100
150
200

2
050 RGX 1601 & 1621
220
8 /
770 30 /16 52
2
165 6 /
7
1
13
3
080 RGX 1601 & 1621
285 11 /4
783 30 /8 45
1 /16 200 7 7/8
7
4
100 RGX 1601 & 1621
285 11 1/4
783 30 /8 45
1 13/16 220 8 11/16
6
150 RGX 1601 & 1621
395 13 1/2 1063 41 7/8 54
2 1/8 285 11 1/4
7
8
200 RGX 1601 & 1621
445 17 1/2 1063 41 /8 54
2 1/8 340 13 1/3
2
050 RGX 2501 & 2521
220
8 11/16 770 30 5/16 52
2
165 6 1/2
3
080 RGX 2501 & 2521
285 11 1/4
783 30 7/8 45
1 13/16 200 7 7/8
7
1
4
100 RGX 2501 & 2521
285 11 /4
783 30 /8 45
1 13/16 220 8 11/16
6
150 RGX 2501 & 2521
395 13 1/2 1063 41 7/8 54
2 1/8 285 11 1/4
7
1
8
200 RGX 2501 & 2521
445 17 /2 1063 41 /8 54
2 1/8 340 13 1/3
Note: DN50 (2") valves have DN50 (2") BSP/NPT male inlet connections as standard.
information subject to change without prior notice

mm
5

in

mm

in

11 16

in

mm

in
1 2

Weight

mm in

50
80
100
150
200
50
80
100
150
200

kg

lbs

2 24 52.8
3 40 88
4 40 88
6 85 187
8 110 242
2 24 52.8
3 40 88
4 40 88
6 85 187
8 110 242

page: 10
revision date: Jan. '99

PRE-NOTES

Series RGX
SELECTION & POSITIONING

The functional limits of an air valve are governed by three physical laws namely: Joukowski's
Equation Boyle's Law and Pascal's Law. Air valve operation however is also dependent on design
and internal configuration, and can vary dramatically from manufacturer's product to manufacturer's
product, within the parameters of what is physically possible. The basis of the Vent -O- Mat design is
in the understanding of these laws, which have been used to design an air release and vacuum
break valve that provides the optimum usable safe performance relative to all functions. The
following summary is a general guideline of factors to consider when sizing air valves.

Sizing for vacuum

Calculate necessary valve orifice sizes independently for each apex point.
Determine the smallest sewage air release and vacuum break valve capable of admitting air into the
pipeline equal to the potential liquid flow out of the pipeline whilst not exceeding a differential
pressure that would put the pipeline and gasket joints at risk. We recommend 0.35 bar (5psi) Dp for
steel pipe or lower if GRP, uPVC or HDPE pipe is being utilised. This exercise is simplified on pages
11a, 11b and 12 of this catalogue.
Note that vacuum protection is dependent on valve size selection and orifice size relative to the
nominal size of the valve. In sizing air valves be cautious of designs with restricted orifice diameters,
i.e., orifice diameters that are smaller than the nominal size of the valve, as this could lead to
insufficient vacuum protection and pipe collapse if not accommodated for. Vent -O- Mat large orifice
diameters and flow path through the valve is equal to the nominal size of the valve e.g. a DN100 (4")
valve has a 100mm (4") orifice. This ensures the least possible resistance to the intake of air and
consequently the least possible negative pressure within a draining pipeline.

Sizing for Discharge

If a Vent -O- Mat sewage air valve is sized correctly for air intake, discharge should not be a factor in
sizing as all air will be discharged through the large orifice or "Anti-Surge" orifice (refer to RGX
operation on pages 1 and 2 of this catalogue). If this information is used for the sizing of air valves
other than Vent-O-Mat we recommend that a valve be selected that is capable of discharging air
equal to the filling rate, whilst not exceeding a differential of 0.05 bar (0.7) psi across the large orifice
in order to prevent pressure surge.

Pressurized Air Discharge

Effective discharge by an air release and vacuum break valve of pressurised air depends on the
existence of a "Critical Relationship" between the area of the small orifice and the mass of the
control float, i.e., the mass of the float must be greater than the force created by the working
pressure acting on the orifice area. If the float is relatively too light or the orifice area relatively too
great, the float will be held against the orifice even when not buoyed, and air discharge will not take
place.

Surge Alleviation

It is imperative, due to the unpredictable nature of pipeline operation, that every sewage air release
and vacuum break valve should as standard, incorporate a surge alleviation mechanism. This
mechanism should only be activated in the instance of high velocity air discharge or pump trip
(where the separated liquid columns rejoin at excessive velocities). The alleviation of surge must be
achieved by deceleration of the approaching liquid prior to valve closure (see operation of RGX on
pages 1 and 2 of this catalogue). Relief mechanisms that act subsequent to valve closure cannot
react in the low millisecond time span required and are therefore unacceptable (refer to pages 13
and 14 of this catalogue).
Kindly contact the manufacturer for a free Air Valve Sizing Disc and a copy of the Vent -OMat publication; "Air Valve Technology Reviewed", which gives a comprehensive guideline
on air valve sizing as well as an in-depth look at air valve research and development over the
past 35 years. Vent-O-Mat in addition provides assistance on air valve sizing and
positioning.
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 11
revision date: Jan. '99

inches mm
4
100
6
150
8
200
10
250
12
300
14
350
16
400
18
450
20
500
22
550
24
600
26
650
28
700
30
750
32
800
34
850
36
900
38
950
40
1000
44
1100
48
1200
52
1300
56
1400
60
1500
62
1600
66
1700
70
1800
74
1900
78
2000
82
2100
86
2200
90
2300
94
2400
98
2500
102
2600
106
2700
110
2800
114
2900
118
3000

Pipe Dia

0.5
5
10
18
27
39
47
62
79
97
118
140
163
190
219
249
282
317
354
393
475
565
664
770
884
1005
1135
1272
1418
1571
1732
1901
2077
2262
2454
2655
2863
3079
3303
3534

1
9
20
35
55
78
94
124
157
194
236
280
326
380
437
499
564
634
709
785
950
1131
1327
1539
1767
2011
2270
2545
2835
3142
3464
3801
4155
4524
4909
5309
5726
6158
6605
7069

1.5
14
31
53
82
117
141
186
236
291
353
420
489
570
656
748
847
951
1063
1178
1425
1696
1991
2309
2651
3016
3405
3817
4253
4712
5195
5702
6232
6786
7363
7964
8588
9236
9908
10603

2
18
41
70
110
156
188
247
315
388
471
560
653
760
875
998
1129
1268
1418
1571
1901
2262
2655
3079
3534
4021
4540
5089
5671
6283
6927
7603
8310
9048
9817
10619
11451
12315
13210
14137

2.5
23
51
88
137
194
235
309
393
485
589
700
816
949
1093
1247
1411
1585
1772
1963
2376
2827
3318
3848
4418
5027
5675
6362
7088
7854
8659
9503
10387
11310
12272
13273
14314
15394
16513
17671
3
28
61
105
165
233
282
371
472
582
707
839
979
1139
1312
1497
1693
1902
2126
2356
2851
3393
3982
4618
5301
6032
6809
7634
8506
9425
10391
11404
12464
13572
14726
15928
17177
18473
19816
21206

3.5
32
72
123
192
272
329
433
551
679
825
979
1142
1329
1530
1746
1976
2219
2481
2749
3326
3958
4646
5388
6185
7037
7944
8906
9924
10996
12123
13305
14542
15834
17181
18583
20039
21551
23118
24740
4
37
82
141
220
311
376
495
630
776
942
1119
1305
1519
1749
1995
2258
2537
2835
3142
3801
4524
5309
6158
7069
8042
9079
10179
11341
12566
13854
15205
16619
18096
19635
21237
22902
24630
26421
28274

4.5
41
92
158
247
350
423
557
708
873
1060
1259
1468
1709
1968
2245
2540
2854
3190
3534
4276
5089
5973
6927
7952
9048
10214
11451
12759
14137
15586
17106
18696
20358
22089
23892
25765
27709
29723
31809

5
46
102
176
275
389
470
618
787
970
1178
1399
1631
1899
2186
2494
2822
3171
3544
3927
4752
5655
6637
7697
8836
10053
11349
12723
14176
15708
17318
19007
20774
22619
24544
26546
28628
30788
33026
35343

5.5
51
113
193
302
428
517
680
866
1067
1296
1539
1795
2089
2405
2744
3105
3488
3899
4320
5227
6220
7300
8467
9719
11058
12484
13996
15594
17279
19050
20907
22851
24881
26998
29201
31491
33866
36329
38877
6
55
123
211
330
467
564
742
944
1164
1414
1679
1958
2279
2624
2993
3387
3805
4253
4712
5702
6786
7964
9236
10603
12064
13619
15268
17012
18850
20782
22808
24929
27143
29452
31856
34353
36945
39631
42412

Pipeline Velocity in Metres per sec.

6.5
60
133
229
357
506
611
804
1023
1261
1532
1819
2121
2468
2842
3242
3669
4122
4607
5105
6177
7351
8628
10006
11486
13069
14754
16540
18429
20420
22513
24709
27006
29405
31907
34510
37216
40024
42934
45946

7
64
143
246
385
545
658
866
1102
1358
1649
1959
2284
2658
3061
3492
3951
4439
4962
5498
6652
7917
9291
10776
12370
14074
15889
17813
19847
21991
24245
26609
29083
31667
34361
37165
40079
43103
46236
49480

7.5
69
154
264
412
583
705
928
1180
1455
1767
2099
2447
2848
3280
3741
4233
4756
5316
5890
7127
8482
9955
11545
13254
15080
17024
19085
21265
23562
25977
28510
31161
33929
36816
39820
42942
46181
49539
53014

8
74
164
281
440
622
752
989
1259
1552
1885
2239
2610
3038
3498
3991
4516
5073
5671
6283
7603
9048
10619
12315
14137
16085
18158
20358
22682
25133
27709
30411
33238
36191
39270
42474
45804
49260
52842
56549
8.5
78
174
299
467
661
799
1051
1338
1648
2003
2379
2774
3228
3717
4240
4798
5390
6025
6676
8078
9613
11282
13085
15021
17090
19293
21630
24100
26704
29441
32311
35315
38453
41724
45129
48667
52339
56144
60083

Conversion Table: - l /sec. to m/sec. of Pipeline Velocity

9
83
184
316
495
700
846
1113
1416
1745
2121
2518
2937
3418
3935
4490
5080
5707
6379
7069
8553
10179
11946
13854
15904
18096
20428
22902
25518
28274
31172
34212
37393
40715
44179
47784
51530
55418
59447
63617
9.5
87
195
334
522
739
893
1175
1495
1842
2238
2658
3100
3608
4154
4739
5362
6024
6734
7461
9028
10744
12610
14624
16788
19101
21563
24175
26935
29845
32904
36113
39470
42977
46633
50438
54393
58496
62749
67152

10
92
205
352
550
778
940
1237
1574
1939
2356
2798
3263
3798
4373
4988
5645
6341
7088
7854
9503
11310
13273
15394
17671
20106
22698
25447
28353
31416
34636
38013
41548
45239
49087
53093
57256
61575
66052
70686

Series RGX

SELECTION & POSITIONING

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 11a
revision date: June '95

Pipe dia. in mm

25

DN150 (6")

30

10

118"

DN200 (8")

DN100 (4")

94"

information subject to change without prior notice

7

24"

600mm

32"

800mm

40"

1000mm

Pipeline flow in m/sec.

8"

48"

1200mm

200mm

56"

1400mm

16"

62"

1600mm

400mm

70"

DN50 (2")

1800mm

DN80 (3")

78"

2 x DN200 (2 x 8")

2000mm

DN300 (12")

86"

2 x DN300 (2 X 12")

2200mm

2400mm

102"

20

2600mm

15

Pipeline flow in ft/sec.

110"

10

2800mm

3000mm

VALVE SELECTION GRAPH

Series RGX

SELECTION & POSITIONING

Pipe dia. in inches

page: 11b
revision date: June '95

VALVE SELECTION FROM GRAPH

IMPORTANT NOTE: The graph is based on vacuum breaking and limiting vacuum to 3.5. meters (5 psi) below atmospheric. It is not good practice to go
below 7 meters (10 psi) absolute (3 meters (4. 4 psi) differential in pipeline at sea level). The graph allows for change in altitude and hence change in
atmospheric pressure and is based on the assumption that more than one valve per section is used for vacuum protection and venting

Selection is based on the premise that pipelines are generally filled at a

slower rate than they are drained, scoured or at which separation

A 400mm (16") pipeline draining at 409 l /sec (851 scf/m) which equates
to 3.25 m/sec. (10.66 ft/s), what valve size should be selected?
From the 3. 25 m/sec. (10. 66 ft/s) point, on the graph on page 11b, move
vertically until the 400 mm (16") pipe size horizontal line is intersected.
This places the intersection point in the operating band of a DN100 (4")
Vent -O- Mat RGX valve. But, if for example, the drainage rate is 433 l/sec.
(917 scf/m) which equates to 3.5 m/sec. (11.48 ft/s), the valve would be
operating close to it's limit and it may be prudent to change to a DN150 (6")
Vent -O- Mat RGX.

2. Move vertically on the graph (page 11b) from the m/s (ft/s) point and
move horizontally from the pipe size finding the intersecting point.
3. This point should fall within the operating band of a particular valve size.
Consideration must be given to the fact that the upper portion of the band
approaches - 3. 5 meters (- 5 psi) and the lower portion - 1 meter (- 1. 45
psi) for each valve size, this allows the designer to see at a glance if the
valve is too close to it's operating limits and to select the next valve size.

VALVE POSITIONING

1. ON APEX POINTS (relative to hydraulic gradient).

2. 5 METRES (16 FEET) BELOW APEX POINTS FORMED BY INTERSECTION OF PIPELINE AND HYDRAULIC GRADIENT - i.e.
where pipeline
siphoning over gradient a sewage air release valve positioned on the apex would break the siphon. If positioning on apex is required a modified
VENT -O- MAT Series RGX can be supplied.

page: 12
revision date: June '95

3. NEGATIVE BREAKS (increase in downward slope or decrease in upward slope).

4. LONG HORIZONTAL SECTIONS - every 600 metres (1/3 of a mile) maximum.

SCOUR
GRADIENT

5. LONG ASCENDING SECTIONS - every 600 metres (1/3 of a mile) maximum.

6. LONG DESCENDING SECTIONS - every 600 metres (1/3 of a mile) maximum.
7. PUMP DISCHARGE (not shown in diagram) - just subsequent to non return valve.

LIC
HYDRAU

8. BLANK ENDS (not shown in diagram) - where a pipeline is terminated by a blind flange or a valve.

T
GRADIEN

1
1 3

HORIZONTAL DATUM

3 3

MAY BE REQUIRED
SCOUR
FOR SCOURING
VALVE

Series RGX

1. Determine the maximum drainage rate in m/s (ft/s) either for scouring,
pipe rupture or column separation for a particular pipeline section.
Conversion from l /sec to m/sec can be done fairly quickly; using the
conversion table on page 11a.

EXAMPLE OF VALVE SIZING

(ASSUMMING AN INDIVIDUAL SECTION)

ACTUAL SELECTION
( GRAVITY OR PUMPED PIPELINES)

SELECTION & POSITIONING

information subject to change without prior notice

All the relevant information has been condensed into one graph to enable valve selection to be simple and easy and at the same time to allow flexibility
to the designer to move within certain parameters which eventually allows the most suited and economically viable valve to be selected.

Series RGX

SURGE & WATERHAMMER PROTECTION

Introduction

The Vent-O-Mat Series RGX "Anti-Surge" sewage air release and vacuum break valve, is the
product of extensive research into the development of an efficient, but cost effective solution to
surge problems (both mass liquid oscillation and elastic transient phenomena) associated with any
operating pipeline. Automatic dampening, relevant to the pipeline's needs is provided by either one
of two design features. These special features are unique in a pipeline component of such
compact and economic design.

Surge Protection - Initial Filling

The RGX incorporates the additional floating "Anti-Surge" Orifice which is aerodynamically
engineered to throttle air/gas discharge when liquid approach velocity would otherwise become
too great and induce an unacceptable pressure rise. The air throttling action increases resistance
to the flow of the approaching lilquid which consequently decelerates to a velocity which reduces
the pressure rise when the valve closes (see operation of valve on pages 1 & 2). Vent-O-Mat series
RGX is an essential precaution for pipeline priming.

Surge Protection - Pump Trip Conditions

In instances where a pipeline experiences liquid column separation due to pump stoppage, high
shock pressures can be generated when the separated liquid column rejoins.
The Vent-O-Mat series RGX takes in air through the unobstructed large orifice when water column
separation occurs, but controls the discharge of air through the "Anti-Surge" Orifice as the
separated column commences to rejoin. The rejoining impact velocity is thereby considerably
reduced to alleviate high surge pressures in the system (see operation of valve on pages 1 & 2).
Other surge control measures may, dependant on pipeline profile, diameter and operating
conditions, be needed to provide the primary surge alleviation function with the Vent-O-Mat
sewage-valves forming an integral and valuable addition in a combined strategy for further
reducing surge pressures. The benefit of the "Anti-Surge" Orifice can be readily demonstrated by
suitable surge modelling software.

Surge Protection - Pipeline Operating

The operation of valves and similar flow control devices can cause high-pressure transients in an
operating pipeline.
The unique, single chamber design of the Vent-O-Mat series RGX valve enables a pocket of
air/gas to be trapped in the valve chamber. Automatic operation of the small orifice control float
regulates the volume of air entrapped.

The volume maintained in the valve will provide a cushioning benefit to the pipeline for short
duration transient pressure "spikes". This effect can be modelled by the design engineer using
suitable surge software.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 13
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGX

SURGE & WATERHAMMER PROTECTION

Computer Modelling

The effectiveness of Vent-O-Mat series RGX has been substantiated by independent third party
testing and by thousands of applications globally. Effective computer modelling, based on practical
tests, has been ensured in the well-known and respected commercially available SURGE 5.3
surge analysis software programme. Accurate results are also obtained by other commercially
available surge analysis software programmes such as FLOWMASTER and TRANSAM.

Holistic Surge & Water Hammer Protection

Vent-O-Mat forms an integral part of a well planned, holistic surge protection strategy that should,
according to application needs and financial constraints, include surge vessels, check valves,
control valves and/or any other equipment needed to alleviate unacceptable surge behaviour.

Technical and Financial Benefits

The Vent-O-Mat series RGX valve offers definite financial and technical advantages when
incorporated as part of a holistic surge protection strategy. This includes:
1. Improved alleviation of surge behaviour including reduction of:
- Surge pressure magnitudes by slowing surge velocities
- Duration of oscillation following a pump trip, as the sewage air-valve continuously
absorbs and dissipates the energies of the surge.
2. Potential for reduction in size and/or quantity of conventional surge protection devices such as
surge vessels etc.
3. Automatic protection during initial filling when most surge protection devices are not
operational.
4. Holistic protection as each sewage air valve installed has design features to automatically
dampen surges.
5. The valve is virtually maintenance free.

Service

Vent-O-Mat is committed to finding the most cost effective and efficient solution to pipeline
complexities. Services include air valve sizing and positioning and assistance to consulting
engineers on defining appropriate surge and water hammer protection strategies. Vent-O-Mat has
built a sound relationship with many international consulting firms and has gained global
recognition for selling solutions!

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 14
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGX

SMALL ORIFICE DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE

f 2 mm (f 0. 07") small orifice DN50 (2"), DN80 (3"), DN100 (4") Valves
f 5 mm (f 0.20") small orifice DN150 (6") Valves
f 6 mm (f 0.24") small orifice DN200 (8") Valves

Type:
Series RGX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with "Anti - Shock" Orifice Mechanism
Model No's:
RGX 1001& 1021

15

30

Q1 (scf/min.)
45

60

75

90

105

FOR HIGHER Dp OR DISCHARGE

RATES CONSULT MANUFACTURER
25
20

18
16
14
12

Dp
(bar) 10
8

Q =Normal Litres
per second (Free Air)
@ 1. 01325 bar Abs.
and 20 deg. C

Q1=Standard Cubic Feet

per minute (Free Air)
@ 14. 7 psi Abs.
70 deg. F

CONVERSION EQUIVALENTS

6
4

1 l/ sec. = 2. 1189 scf/ min. 1 scf/ min = 0. 472 l/ sec.

1 bar = 14. 5 psi

1 psi = 0. 069 bar

2
0

information subject to change without prior notice

14

21

28

Q (nl/s)

35

42

49

page: 15
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGX
Why ?

"ANTI - SHOCK" - "ANTI - SURGE" - The RGX is the only sewage air release valve
available that is supplied as standard with a mechanism which operates automatically
to prevent pipeline damage from the high induced pressure transients associated with
high velocity air /gas discharge. Surge resulting from liquid column separation and
liquid oscillation is dramatically reduced as an automatic function of this mechanism.
PERFORMANCE - The RGX has been designed and developed to provide the optimum
usable and safe performance relative to all functions. Selection data has been
substantiated through CSIR and other testing and can therefore, be confidently
referenced.
QUALITY - The RGX economically offers the highest quality construction and materials
available in a sewage air release and vacuum break valve. Stringent manufacturing and
test procedures are maintained to ensure the best possible service and reliability is
given by every valve produced.
SERVICEABILITY - The RGX design facilitates extreme ease of service and
maintenance. Components are in corrosion free materials to allow problem free
disassembly and reassembly even after many years of operation. All maintenance
spares are replaceable without special tools or skills.
VACUUM BREAK - The RGX series large orifice diameters equal the nominal size of the
valve, i.e., a 200mm (8") valve has a 200mm (8") orifice. This ensures the least possible
resistance to the intake of air and consequently the least possible negative pressure
within a draining pipeline.
COMPACTNESS - Although extremely robust the RGX valve's lightweight and compact
construction offers handling transport and installation advantages.
BACK UP - Vent -O- Mat provides highly committed customer orientated sales, service,
spares and technical back up - TRY US!!!
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 16
revision date: June '95

Series RGXb
PURCHASE SPECIFICATION

VENT -O- MAT MODEL NO.

Page 9 - Series RGX - DN50 (2") to DN200 (8") Flanged Connection.

Page 10 - Series RGX - DN50 (2") to DN200 (8") Flanged Connection (Expanded Body).

CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN

The Sewage Air Release & Vacuum Break Valve shall consist of a compact tubular all stainless steel
fabricated body, hollow direct acting float and solid large orifice float in H.D.P.E. - stainless steel nozzle
and woven dirt inhibitor screen, nitrile/E.P.D.M. rubber seals and natural/E.P.D.M. rubber seat.
The valve shall have an integral 'Anti - Surge' Orifice mechanism which shall operate automatically to limit
surge pressures or shock induced by liquid oscillation and/or rapid air/gas discharge to less than 1.5 x
valve rated working pressure.
The intake orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve i.e., a 150mm (6") valve shall have a
150mm (6") intake orifice.
Large orifice sealing shall be effected by the flat face of the control float seating against a nitrile/E.P.D.M.
rubber 'O' ring housed in a dovetail groove circumferentially surrounding the orifice.
Discharge of pressurized air shall be controlled by the seating & unseating of a small orifice nozzle on a
natural/e.p.d.m. rubber seal affixed into the control float. The nozzle shall have a flat seating land
surrounding the orifice so that damage to the rubber seal is prevented.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength characteristics, so that
deformation, leaking or damage of any kind does not occur by submission to 1.5 the designed working
pressure.
Connection to the valve inlet shall be facilitated by flanged ends conforming to PN10, 16 or 25 ratings of
BS 4504 or SABS 1123 Standards or, ANSI B16. 1 Class 125 and Class 250 and ANSI B16. 5 Class 150
and Class 300 Standards. Flanged ends shall be supplied with the requisite number of stainless steel
screwed studs inserted for alignment to the specified standard. Nuts, washers, or jointing gaskets shall
be excluded.

OPERATION

1. Prior to the ingress of liquid into the valve chamber, as when the pipeline is being filled, valves s h a l l
vent through the large orifice when sewage/effluent approach velocities are relative to a transient
pressure rise, on valve closure, of < 1.5 x valve rated pressure.
At higher sewage/effluent approach velocities, which have a potential to induce pressure rises > 1.5 x
valve rated pressure on valve closure, the valve shall automatically discharge air/gas through the "Anti
- Surge" Orifice and reduce sewage/effluent approach velocity, so that on closure a maximum
pressure rise of < 1.5 x valve rated pressure is realised.
2. Valves shall not exhibit leaks or weeping of liquid past the large orifice seal at operating pressures of
0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to twice rated working pressure.
3. Valves shall respond to the presence of air/gas by discharging it through the small orifice at any
pressures within a specified design range, i.e. 0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to 10 bar (150 psi) and shall remain
leak tight in the absence of air.
4. Valves shall react immediately to pipeline drainage or liquid column separation by the full opening of
the large orifice so as to allow unobstructed air intake at the lowest possible negative internal pipeline
pressure.
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 17
revision date: Jun '95

Series RGX
ORDERING GUIDE

VALVE SIZE:
DN50 (2") DN80 (3") DN100 (4") DN150 (6") DN200 (8") -

050 RG X 10 0 1
050
080
100
150
200

VALVE TYPE:
DOUBLE ACTING 1

VALVE END CONNECTION:

FLANGED - BS 4504 OR SABS 1123 0
FLANGED - ANSI B16. 1 OR B16. 5 2

VALVE SERIES No.

ANTI SURGE ORIFICE:

VALVE PRESSURE RATING:

PN10 (150 PSI), ANSI #125 1 0
PN16 (363 PSI), ANSI #250 1 6
PN25 (580 PSI), ANSI #300 2 5

Note:
1. DN250 (10") & DN300 (12") valves are available on request.
.
All air release valves supplied shall be subjected to the following testing procedures in the order laid
down:
A) A high pressure strength and leak test whereby the valve is filled with water and pressurized to 1.5 x the
rated working pressure which shall be held for a period of 2 minutes. Any leaking, weeping or sweating
shall be reason for rejection.
B) A low head leak test whereby the valve is filled with water and pressurized to a maximum of 0.5 bar (7.3 psi)
using a visible water column connected to the test rig. The valve shall be rejected if leak tightness is not
maintained for 2 minutes
C) Every tenth air release valve of the same size and pressure rating must be subjected to a small orifice
function test - "DROP TEST" - whereby the valve is filled with water, pressurized to above rated working
pressure and isolated from the test rig by closure of an isolating valve. A chamber in the test rig
immediately prior to the isolating valve must be filled with compressed air at a pressure equal to that being
maintained in the air release valve. The isolating valve is then opened so as to allow the air to rise in the air
release valve without the pressure dropping lower than 2 - 3 bar (29 - 44 psi) above rated working pressure
of the air release valve. The "DROP TEST" is then carried out by slowly bleeding off the pressure through a
suitable cock until rated working pressure is reached and the float drops away from the orifice to allow
discharge. Failure of the air release valve to function in the manner described will be reason for rejection.
On request the manufacturer shall provide batch certificates of test compliance which shall be cross
referenced to serial numbers indelibly marked onto the identity label of each valve.
IMPORTANT NOTE: It is impossible to inject air into an incompressible liquid, air injection can only be achieved
if the liquid can be displaced which implies that the pressure in the test rig must be reduced to atmospheric,
and absolutely nothing is proven by discharge through the small orifice of the air release valve at atmospheric
pressure. "DROP TESTING" in this manner is not acceptable.
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 18
revision date: June '95

Series RGXb

Series RGXb
OPERATION

"Anti - Surge" Orifice

"Anti - Surge" Float

VACUUM RELIEF (AIR INTAKE)

PIPELINE DRAINING

VENTING
(PUMP START UP)

Maximum Surge Level

Normal Operating Level

(Small Orifice Control
Float Buoyancy Level)
10 bar (150 psi)
Working Pressure

PIPELINE FULLY CHARGED

information subject to change without prior notice

PRESSURIZED AIR/GAS RELEASE

PUMP OPERATING

page: 19
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGXb
OPERATION

PRE NOTES:

It is good engineering practice to install a sewage air valve prior to the pump discharge check valve, on vertical turbine
pumps and deepwell submersible pump applications. The purpose of these valves is to prevent air/gas entry into the
pipeline on initial pump start up and to break vacuum in the vertical riser upon pump shutoff.
Operation of conventional sewage air valves in this application is such that the air in the vertical riser is released very
rapidly upon pump startup, resulting in very high pressure transients when the liquid column slams the sewage air
valve shut and/or slams into the closed discharge check valve.
The Vent-O-Mat Series RGXb valve has specifically been developed for use on deep well submersible pump and
vertical turbine pump applications where they are installed prior to the pump discharge check valve to fulfill the
following functions:

! Provide effective release of air/gas in the vertical riser upon pump startup.
! Dampen surge pressures upon startup.
! Provide vacuum protection when the pump stops and the vertical column drains.
1. VACUUM RELIEF (AIR INTAKE)

Upon pump stop, the discharge check valve closes. Sewage/effluent drains from the sewage air valve and the pump's
vertical column. The negative differential created by the draining liquid causes atmospheric air to push the "Anti-Surge"
Float down, opening the Large Orifice and allows air to displace the draining liquid to prevent potentialy damaging
internal negative pressure*.
The hollow smooth side float design, discourages the adherence of solids and viscous substances which, therefore
tend to withdraw from the valve into the pipeline when draining occurs, for this reason NO FLUSHING CONNECTIONS
ARE NECESSARY

2. VENTING (PUMP START UP)

Air/gas is forced through the "Anti-Surge" Orifice resulting in the deceleration of the approaching liquid column due to
the resistance of rising air pressure in the valve.
This dampens transients when the sewage air valve closes and the liquid column opens the discharge check valve.

PRESSURIZED AIR RELEASE FROM A FULL PIPELINE

3. Sewage/effluent has entered the valve chamber and buoyed the floats to close both the "Anti-Surge" orifice and the

small orifice. The design's compression/volume relationship prevents the media from ever exceeding the maximum
surge level indicated in diagram 3. The resultant sewage/effluent free area protects against the fouling of the orifice
seals by solids or high viscous substances - for this reason NO FLUSHING CONNECTIONS ARE NECESSARY.

PRESSURIZED AIR RELEASE (PUMP OPERATING)

The volume of disentrained air/gas increases in the valve and displaces the sewage/effluent level to the lower, normal

4. operating level (small orifice control float buoyancy level ) Any additional lowering of the sewage/effluent level, as
would occur when more air/gas enters the valve, will result in the control float dropping away from the small orifice
through which pressurized air/gas is then being discharged to atmosphere.
The control float will close the small orifice when sufficient air/gas has been released to restore the sewage/effluent
level to the normal operating level.
The considerable sewage/effluent free are obviates the possibility of leaks that could otherwise be caused by solids
entering the sealing areas - for this reason NO FLUSHING CONNECTIONS ARE NECESSARY

*Note:
A differential pressure of less than 0.05 bar (0.7 psi) across the large orifice is required to open the valve fully under
vacuum conditions.

page: 20
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGXb

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENTS

VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP APPLICATION
Vent-O-Mat RGXb Air Valve
Isolator

Check Valve

Riser

For Recommended Accumulator Dimensions

See Page 3

Vertical Riser

SUBMERSIBLE/DEEP WELL APPLICATION

Vent-O-Mat RGXb Air Valve

Isolator
Riser

Check Valve

For Recommended Accumulator Dimensions

See Page 3

Vertical Riser

page: 21
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGXb

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN100 (4")

Type:
Series RGXb -Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with Bias Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs
DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/ NPT - male
as standard.

Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2")
DN80 (3")
DN100 (4")

Model No's:
RGXb 1001 & 1021

Pressure Ratings:
PN10 (150 psi) ANSI#125
Spring
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Locating Disk
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Adjusting Rod
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Connecting Bracket
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Body
Stainless Steel 304
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

Note: DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/NPT male as standard.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 22
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGXb

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN100 (4")

Type:
Series RGXb - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with Bias Mechanism
Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2")
DN80 (3")
DN100 (4")

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs
DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/ NPT - male
as standard.
Model No's:
Pressure Ratings:
RGXb 1601 & 1621
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI#125
RGXb 2501 & 2521
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI#250
Spring
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Locating Disk
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Adjusting Rod
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Bracket
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Body
Stainless Steel AISI 304L
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

Note: DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/NPT male as standard.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 23
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGXb

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN150 (6") TO DN200 (8")
DN300 (12") VALVES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Type:
Series RGXb -Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with Bias Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs

Nominal Sizes:
DN200 (6")
DN150 (8")

Model No's:
RGXb 1001 & 1021

Pressure Ratings:
PN10 (150 psi) ANSI#125
Spring
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Locating Disk
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Adjusting Rod
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.
O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Surge Orifice Float

High Density Polyethylene

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Connecting Bracket
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Body
Stainless Steel 304
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 24
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGXb

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN150 (6") TO DN200 (8")
DN 300 (12") VALVES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Type:
Series RGXb - Double Orifice (Small & Large) with
Bias Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs

.Nominal Sizes:
DN150 (6")
DN200 (8")

Model No's:
RGXb 1601 & 1621
RGXb 2501 & 2521

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
Spring
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Locating Disk
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Adjusting Rod
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Bracket
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Body
Stainless Steel AISI 304L
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 25
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGXb
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN200 (8")

Sewage Valve With Bias Mechanism

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Bias mechanism for
large volume air intake and controlled air discharge.

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10
SABS 1123 - Table 1000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125.
Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2"), DN80 (3"),DN100 (4"), DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
Model No's:
RGXb 1001 & 1021

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 10 (150 psi) ANSI #125

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN10 (150 psi) ANSI #125
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
10 (150)

Function:
i) High volume air intake - pipeline draining.
ii) Pressurized air/gas discharge - pipeline filled.
iii) Surge dampening - high velocity air/gas discharge,
liquid column separation & liquid oscillation.
Valve Selection:- see pages 11 & 12
C

Materials of Construction:- see pages 22 & 24

Installation:- see page 21

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic test -1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak test - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function test at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
MODEL No.
mm in
50 2 050 RGXb 1001 & 1021
80 3 080 RGXb 1001 & 1021
100 4 100 RGXb 1001 & 1021
150 6 150 RGXb 1001 & 1021
200 8 200 RGXb 1001 & 1021

A
mm
220
285
285
395
445

in
8 11/16
11 1/4
11 1/4
13 1/2
17 1/2

B
C
in
mm
mm in
960 37 3/4 45 1 13/16
970 38 1/8 45 1 13/16
970 38 1/8 45 1 13/16
1220 48
54 2 1/8
1220 48
54 2 1 /8

E
mm in mm in
165 6 1/2 50 2
200 7 7/8 80 3
220 8 11/16 100 4
285 11 1/4 150 6
340 13 1/3 200 8

Note: DN50 (2") valves have DN50 (2") BSP/NPT male inlet connections as standard.
information subject to change without prior notice

WEIGHT
lbs
kg
26
57
42
92
42
92
87 192
112 247

page: 26
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGXb
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN200 (8")
Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Bias mechanism for
large volume air intake and controlled air discharge.

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 16 & PN 25
SABS 1123 - Tables 1600/3 & 2500/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125 & Class 250.
Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2"), DN80 (3"),DN100 (4"), DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
Model No's:
RGXb 1601 & 1621
RGXb 2501 & 2521

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
0.5 (7.2)
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
16 (232)
25 (363)

Function:
i) High volume air/gas discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) High volume air intake - pipeline draining
iii) Pressurized air/gas discharge - pipeline filled.
iv) Surge dampening - high velocity air/gas discharge,
liquid column separation & liquid oscillation.
C

Valve Selection:- see pages 11 & 12

Materials of Construction:- see pages 23 & 25
Installation:- see page 21

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic test -1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak test - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function test at max. rated working pressure

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm

in

50
80
100
150
200
50
80
100
150
200

2
3
4
6
8
2
3
4
6
8

Model No.
050 RGXb 1601 & 1621
080 RGXb 1601 & 1621
100 RGXb 1601 & 1621
150 RGXb 1601 & 1621
200 RGXb 1601 & 1621
050 RGXb 2501 & 2521
080 RGXb 2501 & 2521
100 RGXb 2501 & 2521
150 RGXb 2501 & 2521
200 RGXb 2501 & 2521

mm

in

mm

in

220
285
285
395
445
220
285
285
395
445

8 /
11 1/4
11 1/4
13 1/2
17 1/2
8 11/16
11 1/4
11 1/4
13 1/2
17 1/2

890
903
903
1183
1183
890
903
903
1183
1183

30 /16
30 7/8
30 7/8
41 7/8
41 7/8
30 5/16
30 7/8
30 7/8
41 7/8
41 7/8

11 16

mm

in

mm

in

52
45
45
54
54
52
45
45
54
54

2
1 13/16
1 13/16
2 1/8
2 1/8
2
1 13/16
1 13/16
2 1/8
2 1/8

165
200
220
285
340
165
200
220
285
340

6 /
7 7/8
8 11/16
11 1/4
13 1/3
6 1/2
7 7/8
8 11/16
11 1/4
13 1/3

Note: DN50 (2") valves have DN50 (2") BSP/NPT male inlet connections as standard.
information subject to change without prior notice

1 2

mm in

50
80
100
150
200
50
80
100
150
200

Weight
kg

lbs

2 24 52.8
3 40 88
4 40 88
6 85 187
8 110 242
2 24 52.8
3 40 88
4 40 88
6 85 187
8 110 242

page: 27
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGXb
PURCHASE SPECIFICATION

VENT -O- MAT MODEL NO.

Page 26 - Series RGXb - DN50 (2") to DN200 (8") Flanged Connection.

Page 27 - Series RGXb - DN50 (2") to DN200 (8") Flanged Connection (Expanded Body).

CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN

The Sewage Air Release & Vacuum Break Valve shall consist of a compact tubular all stainless steel
fabricated body, hollow direct acting float and solid large orifice float in H.D.P.E. - stainless steel nozzle
and woven dirt inhibitor screen, nitrile/E.P.D.M. rubber seals and natural/E.P.D.M. rubber seat.
The valve shall have an integral 'Anti - Surge' Orifice mechanism which shall operate automatically to limit
surge pressures or shock induced by liquid oscillation and/or rapid air/gas discharge to less than 1.5 x
valve rated working pressure.
The intake orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve i.e., a 150mm (6") valve shall have a
150mm (6") intake orifice.
Large orifice sealing shall be effected by the flat face of the control float seating against a nitrile/E.P.D.M.
rubber 'O' ring housed in a dovetail groove circumferentially surrounding the orifice.
Discharge of pressurized air shall be controlled by the seating & unseating of a small orifice nozzle on a
natural/E.P.D.M. rubber seal affixed into the control float. The nozzle shall have a flat seating land
surrounding the orifice so that damage to the rubber seal is prevented.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength characteristics, so that
deformation, leaking or damage of any kind does not occur by submission to twice the designed working
pressure.
Connection to the valve inlet shall be facilitated by flanged ends conforming to PN10, 16 or 25 ratings of
BS 4504 or SABS 1123 Standards or, ANSI B16. 1 Class 125 and Class 250 and ANSI B16. 5 Class 150
and Class 300 Standards.
Flanged ends shall be supplied with the requisite number of stainless steel screwed studs inserted for
alignment to the specified standard. Nuts, washers, or jointing gaskets shall be excluded.

OPERATION

1. Prior to the ingress of liquid into the valve chamber, as when the pipeline is being filled, valves s h a l l
vent through the "Anti-Surge" orifice when sewage/effluent approach velocities are relative to a
transient pressure rise, on valve closure, of < 1.5 x valve rated pressure.
2. Valves shall not exhibit leaks or weeping of liquid past the large orifice seal at operating pressures of
0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to 1.5 x rated working pressure.
3. Valves shall respond to the presence of air/gas by discharging it through the small orifice at any
pressures within a specified design range, i.e. 0.5 bar (7.3 psi) to 10 bar (150 psi) and shall remain
leak tight in the absence of air.
4. Valves shall react immediately to pipeline drainage or water column separation by the full opening of
the large orifice so as to allow unobstructed air intake at the lowest possible negative internal pipeline
pressure.
information subject to change without prior notice

page: 28
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGXv

Series RGXv
OPERATION

Upper Chamber Float

"Anti - Surge" Orifice

VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE

(SUB CRITICAL SEWAGE/ EFFLUENT
APPROACH VELOCITY)

VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE

(EXCESSIVE SEWAGE/ EFFLUENT
APPROACH VELOCITY)

Maximum Surge Level

Normal Operating Level

(Small Orifice Control
Float Buoyancy Level)
10 bar (150 psi)
Working Pressure

PIPELINE FULLY CHARGED

information subject to change without prior notice

PRESSURIZED AIR/GAS RELEASE

FROM A FULL PIPELINE

page: 29
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGXv
OPERATION

PRE NOTES:
There are instances where the hydraulic gradeline falls below a peak point during normal
operation and where air inflow would adversely affect the normal operation and surge
characteristic of the pipeline.
Vent-O-Mat offers the Series RGXv valve which has specifically been developed to ensure
effective air/gas release under all pipeline conditions but will not allow air entry into the pipeline.

1. VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE (SUB CRITICAL LIQUID APPROACH VELOCITY)

Air/gas flows through the annular space between the cylindrical floats and discharges through
the Large Orifice into atmosphere.*

2. VENTING OF A FILLING PIPELINE (EXCESSIVE LIQUID APPROACH VELOCITY)

In reaction to increased air/gas flow,"Anti Surge" Float closes the large orifice and air is forced
through the "Anti-Surge" orifice resulting in deceleration of the approaching liquid due to the
resistance of rising air/gas pressure in the valve.

3. PRESSURIZED AIR/GAS RELEASE FROM A FULL PIPELINE

Sewage/effluent has entered the valve chamber and buoyed the floats to close both the "AntiSurge" orifice and the small orifice. The design's compression/volume relationship prevents the
media from ever exceeding the maximum surge level indicated in diagram 3.
The resultant sewage/effluent free area protects against the fouling of the orifice seals by solids
or high viscous substances - for this reason NO FLUSHING CONNECTIONS ARE
NECESSARY.

4. PRESSURIZED AIR/GAS RELEASE (PUMP OPERATING)

The volume of disentrained air/gas increases in the valve and displaces the sewage/effluent
level to the lower, normal operating level (small orifice control float buoyancy level ) Any
additional lowering of the sewage/effluent level, as would occur when more air/gas enters the
valve, will result in the control float dropping away from the small orifice through which
pressurized air/gas is then being discharged to atmosphere.
The control float will close the small orifice when sufficient air/gas has been released to restore
the sewage/effluent level to the normal operating level.
The considerable sewage/effluent free are obviates the possibility of leaks that could otherwise
be caused by solids entering the sealing areas - for this reason NO FLUSHING
CONNECTIONS ARE NECESSARY
*Note:
A relatively low flow discharge rate is required to lift the upper chamber float and ensure air
release . The Upper Chamber Float will seat on the Middle Flange under vacuum conditions,
effectively preventing air entry.

page: 30
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGXv

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN100 (4")

Type:
Series RGXv - Triple Orifice with "Anti-Surge"
Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs
DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/ NPT - male
as standard.

Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2")
DN80 (3")
DN100 (4")

Model No's:
RGXv 1001 & 1021

Pressure Ratings:
Pn10 (150 psi) ANSI #125
Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Upper Chamber Float

High Density Polyethylene
Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM

O-Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Surge Orifice Float

High Density Polyethylene

Connecting Bracket
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Body
Stainless Steel AISI 304L
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

Note: DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/NPT male as standard.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 31
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGXv

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN100 (4")

Type:
Series RGXv - Triple Orifice with "Anti-Surge"
Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs
DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/ NPT - male

As standard.
Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2")
DN80 (3")
DN100 (4")

Model No's:
RGXv 1601 & 1621
RGXv 2501 & 2521

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM

Upper Chamber Float

High Density Polyethylene
O-Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Anti Surge Orifice Float

High Density Polyethylene

Connecting Bracket
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Body
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

Note: DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/NPT male as standard.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 32
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGXv

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")

DN300 (12") VALVES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Type:
Series RGXv - Triple Orifice with "Anti-Surge"
Mechanism
Nominal Size:
DN150 (6")
DN200 (8")

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs

Model No's:
RGXv 1001 & 1021

Pressure Ratings:
PN10 (150 psi) ANSI #125
Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Upper Chamber Float
High Density Polyethylene
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene
Top Float
High Density Polyethylene
Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Float Screw
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Body
Stainless Steel AISI 304L
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 33
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGXv

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")

DN300 (12") VALVES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Type:
Series RGXv - Triple Orifice with "Anti-Surge"
Mechanism
Nominal Size:
DN150 (6")
Dn200 (8")

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs

Model No's:
RGXv 1601 & 1621
RGXv 2501 & 2521

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Upper Chamber Float
High Density Polyethylene
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene
Top Float
High Density Polyethylene
Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Pressure Ratings:
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
Top Cap
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Spacer
Grey P.V.C.
O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Float Screw
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Body
Stainless Steel AISI 304L
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 34
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGXv
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN200 (8")

Sewage Air Vent Valve

Type:
Triple Orifice with Bias mechanism for air/gas discharge but not
air re-entry.

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10
SABS 1123 - Table 1000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125.
Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2"), DN80 (3"),DN100 (4"), DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
Model No's:
RGXv 1001 & 1021

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 10 (150 psi) ANSI #125

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN10 (150 psi) ANSI #125
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
10 (150)

Function:
i) High volume air/gas discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) Pressurized air/gas discharge - pipeline filled.
iii) Surge dampening - high velocity air/gas discharge,
liquid column separation & liquid oscillation.
C

Valve Selection:- see pages 11 & 12

Materials of Construction:- see pages 31 & 33
Installation:- see page 3

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic test -1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak test - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function test at max. rated working pressure

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
MODEL NO.
mm in
50 2 050 RGXv 1001 & 1021
80 3 080 RGXv 1001 & 1021
100 4 100 RGXv 1001 & 1021
150 6 150 RGXv 1001 & 1021
200 8 200 RGXv 1001 & 1021

A
mm
220
285
285
395
445

in
mm
8 11/16 910
11 1/4 938
11 1/4 938
13 1/2 1313
17 1/2 1363

C
in
35 3/4
36 7/8
36 7/8
51 5/8
53 5/8

mm
45
45
45
54
54

in
1 13/16
1 13/16
1 13/16
2 1/8
2 1 /8

Note: DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/NPT male as standard.

information subject to change without prior notice

E
mm in mm in
165 6 1/2 50 2
200 7 7/8 80 3
220 8 11/16 100 4
285 11 1/4 150 6
340 13 1/3 200 8

WEIGHT
lbs
kg
35
77
52 114.4
52 114.4
106 233.2
132 290.4

page: 35
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGXv
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN200 (8")
Type:
Triple Orifice Bias mechanism for air/gas discharge but
not air re-entry.

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 16 & PN 25
SABS 1123 - Tables 1600/3 & 2500/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125 & Class 250.
Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2"), DN80 (3"),DN100 (4"), DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
Model No's:
RGXv 1601 & 1621
RGXv 2501 & 2521

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
PN 25 (363 psi) ANSI #250

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125
0.5 (7.2)
PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
16 (232)
25 (363)

Function:
i) High volume air/gas discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) Pressurized air/gas discharge - pipeline filled.
iii) Surge dampening - high velocity air/gas discharge,
liquid column separation & liquid oscillation.
Valve Selection:- see pages 11 & 12

Materials of Construction:- see pages 32 & 34

Installation:- see page 3
D

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic test -1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak test - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function test at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm

in

50
80
100
150
200
50
80
100
150
200

2
3
4
6
8
2
3
4
6
8

Model No.
050 RGXv 1601 & 1621
080 RGXv 1601 & 1621
100 RGXv 1601 & 1621
150 RGXv 1601 & 1621
200 RGXv 1601 & 1621
050 RGXv 2501 & 2521
080 RGXv 2501 & 2521
100 RGXv 2501 & 2521
150 RGXv 2501 & 2521
200 RGXv 2501 & 2521

mm

in

mm

in

220
285
285
395
445
220
285
285
395
445

8 /
11 1/4
11 1/4
13 1/2
17 1/2
8 11/16
11 1/4
11 1/4
13 1/2
17 1/2

910
938
938
1313
1313
910
938
938
1313
1313

35 /4
36 7/8
36 7/8
51 5/8
53 5/8
35 3/4
36 7/8
36 7/8
51 5/8
53 5/8

11 16

mm
3

52
45
45
54
54
52
45
45
54
54

D
in

2
1 13/16
1 13/16
2 1/8
2 1/8
2
1 13/16
1 13/16
2 1/8
2 1/8

Note: DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/NPT male as standard.

information subject to change without prior notice

mm

in

165
200
220
285
340
165
200
220
285
340

6 /
7 7/8
8 11/16
11 1/4
13 1/3
6 1/2
7 7/8
8 11/16
11 1/4
13 1/3
1 2

mm in

50
80
100
150
200
50
80
100
150
200

Weight
kg

lbs

2 37 81.4
3 55 121
4 55 121
6 115 253
8 142 312
2 37 81.4
3 55 121
4 55 121
6 115 253
8 142 312

page: 36
revision date: Jan. '99

Series RGXv
PURCHASE SPECIFICATION

VENT -O- MAT MODEL NO.

Page 35 - Series RGXv - DN50 (2") to DN200 (8") Flanged Connection.

Page 36 - Series RGXv - DN50 (2") to DN200 (8") Flanged Connection (Expanded Body).

CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN

The Sewage Air Vent Valve shall consist of a compact tubular all stainless steel fabricated body, hollow direct
acting float and solid large orifice float in H.D.P.E. - stainless steel nozzle and woven dirt inhibitor screen,
nitrile/E.P.D.M. rubber seals and natural/E.P.D.M. rubber seat.
The valve shall have an integral 'Anti - Surge' Orifice mechanism which shall operate automatically to limit
surge pressures or shock induced by liquid oscillation and/or rapid air/gas discharge to less than 1.5 x valve
rated working pressure.
The intake orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve i.e., a 150mm (6") valve shall have a
150mm (6") intake orifice.
Large orifice sealing shall be effected by the flat face of the control float seating against a nitrile/E.P.D.M.
rubber 'O' ring housed in a dovetail groove circumferentially surrounding the orifice.
Discharge of pressurized air shall be controlled by the seating & unseating of a small orifice nozzle on a
natural/E.P.D.M. rubber seal affixed into the control float. The nozzle shall have a flat seating land surrounding
the orifice so that damage to the rubber seal is prevented.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength characteristics, so that
deformation, leaking or damage of any kind does not occur by submission to twice the designed working
pressure.
Connection to the valve inlet shall be facilitated by flanged ends conforming to PN10, 16 or 25 ratings of BS
4504 or SABS 1123 Standards or, ANSI B16. 1 Class 125 and Class 250 and ANSI B16. 5 Class 150 and Class
300 Standards.
Flanged ends shall be supplied with the requisite number of stainless steel screwed studs inserted for
alignment to the specified standard. Nuts, washers, or jointing gaskets shall be excluded.

OPERATION

1. Prior to the ingress of liquid into the valve chamber, as when the pipeline is being filled, valves shall vent
through the large orifice when sewage/effluent approach velocities are relative to a transient pressure rise,
on valve closure, of < 1.5 x valve rated pressure.
At higher sewage/effluent approach velocities, which have a potential to induce pressure rises > 1 . 5 x
valve rated pressure on valve closure, the valve shall automatically discharge air/gas through the "Anti Surge" Orifice and reduce sewage/effluent approach velocity, so that on closure a maximum pressure rise
of < 1.5 x valve rated pressure is realised.
2. Valves shall respond to the presence of air/gas by discharging it through the small orifice at any p ressures
within a specified design range and shall remain leak tight in the absence of air.
3. Valves shall prevent air from entering the pipeline by the seating of the upper chamber float in the upper
chamber on the seat in the middle flange.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 37
revision date: Jan '99

Series RGXb & RGXv

ORDERING GUIDE
050 RG X v

VALVE SIZE:
DN50
DN80
DN100
DN150
DN200

(2") (3") (4") (6") (8") -

050
080
100
150
200

VALVE TYPE:
DOUBLE ACTING 1

VALVE END CONNECTION:

SCREWED - BSP
1
SCREWED - NPT
2
FLANGED - BS 4504 OR SABS 1123 0
FLANGED - ANSI B16. 1 OR B16. 5
3

VALVE SERIES No.

ANTI SHOCK ORIFICE:
SPECIAL APPLICATION:
BIAS AIR IN b
BIAS AIR OUT v

10 0 1

VALVE PRESSURE RATING:

PN10 (150 PSI), ANSI#125 1 0
PN16 (232 PSI), ANSI#250 1 6
PN25 (363 PSI), ANSI#300 4 0

Note:
1. Valves for pressure ratings of PN16 (232 psi) ANSI #125 and PN25 (363 psi) ANSI #250 are
available on request. DN300 (12") valves are available on request.
2. DN200 (8") valves are available in an epoxy powder coated mild steel construction, please specify
when ordering.
All air release valves supplied shall be subjected to the following testing procedures in the order laid
down:

A) A high pressure strength and leak test whereby the valve is filled with water and pressurized to 1.5x the
rated working pressure which shall be held for a period of 2 minutes. Any leaking, weeping or sweating
shall be reason for rejection.
B) A low head leak test whereby the valve is filled with water and pressurized to a maximum of 0.5 bar (7.3
psi) using a visible water column connected to the test rig. The valve shall be rejected if leak tightness
is not maintained for 2 minutes
C) Every tenth air release valve of the same size and pressure rating must be subjected to a small orifice
function test - "DROP TEST" - whereby the valve is filled with water, pressurized to above rated working
pressure and isolated from the test rig by closure of an isolating valve. A chamber in the test rig
immediately prior to the isolating valve must be filled with compressed air at a pressure equal to that
being maintained in the air release valve. The isolating valve is then opened so as to allow the air to rise
in the air release valve without the pressure dropping lower than 2 - 3 bar (29 - 44 psi) above rated
working pressure of the air release valve. The "DROP TEST" is then carried out by slowly bleeding off

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 38
revision date: Jan '99

How to specify Vent-O-Mat

(sewerage)

HOW TO SPECIFY VENT-O-MAT (SEWERAGE)

VENT-O-MAT SERIES RGX ANTI-SURGE SEWAGE AIR
RELEASE & VACUUM BREAK VALVE STANDARD FOR
USE BY SPECIFYING AUTHORITIES
FUNCTION
The required valves shall provide any of the functions, or combination of
functions, described below as specified in the schedule of quantities.
Pipeline filling
Uninterrupted high volume air/gas discharge through the large orifice.
Pipeline draining or Column Separation
Uninterrupted high volume air intake through the large orifice.
Pipeline full and operating
Discharge of disentrained pressurized air through the small orifice.
Rapid Filling / Column Separation
The valve must incorporate an integral surge alleviation mechanism which will
automatically dampen surge pressures due to rapid air discharge or the
subsequent rejoining of separated liquid columns.
CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN
The sewage air release and vacuum break valve shall consist of a compact
tubular all stainless steel single chamber body design with a hollow direct acting
float and a solid cylindrical High Density Polyethylene large orifice control float stainless steel nozzle and woven dirt inhibitor screen, EPDM rubber seals, and
EPDM rubber seats.
The valve shall have an integral surge alleviation mechanism which shall operate
automatically to limit transient pressure rise or shock induced by closure due to
high velocity air/gas discharge or the subsequent rejoining of separated liquid
columns. The limitation of pressure rise must be achieved by deceleration of
approaching water prior to valve closure. Relief mechanisms that act subsequent
to valve closure cannot react in the low millisecond time span required and are
therefore unacceptable.
Discharge of pressurized air shall be controlled by the seating and unseating of a
small orifice on a natural/EPDM rubber seal affixed to the control float.

The intake/discharge orifice area shall be equal to the nominal size of the valve
i.e. a 150mm (6) valve shall have a 150mm (6) intake/discharge orifice.
The valve construction shall be proportioned with regard to material strength
characteristics, so that the deformation, leaking or damage of any kind does not
occur by submission to twice the designed working pressure.
The valve design shall be such that it obviates the need for backflushing.
Copyright VENT-O-MAT

Series RGX
Short Pattern

Series RGX SHORT PATTERN

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN100 (4")

Type:
Series RGX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with "Anti-Surge" Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs
DN50 (2") valves available screwed BSP/ NPT - male
as standard.

Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2")
DN80 (3")
DN100 (4")

Model No's:
RGX 0501 & 0521

Pressure Ratings:
PN5 (75 psi) ANSI #125
Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene

Connecting Bracket
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively EPDM
Body
Stainless Steel 304
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

Note: DN50 (2") valves are available screwed BSP/NPT male as standard.
DN50(2) valves have screwed BSP/NPT male outlets as standard.

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 1
revision date: Jan. 2000

Series RGX SHORT PATTERN

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

FLANGED - DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")

DN300 (12") VALVES AVAILABLE ON REQUEST

Type:
Series RGX - Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice)
with "Anti-Surge" Mechanism

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs

Nominal Size:
DN150 (6")
DN200 (8")

Model No's:
RGX 0501 & 0521

Pressure Ratings:
Pn5 (75 psi) ANSI #125
Top Cover
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Flange
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Assembly Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Spacer
Grey P.V.C.

Bolts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber
Alternativly EPDM
O - Ring Seat
Nitrile Rubber
Alternatively EPDM

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Anti Surge Orifice Float
High Density Polyethylene

Float Screw
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle Seat Retaining Plate

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Screws
Cheesehead
Stainless Steel 304

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber
Alternatively E.P.D.M.
Body
Stainless Steel 304
Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Studs
Stainless Steel AISI 304L

information subject to change without prior notice

page: 2
revision date: Jan. 2000

Series RGX SHORT PATTERN

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FLANGED - DN50 (2") TO DN200 (8")

Type:
Double Orifice (Small & Large Orifice) with Anti Surge Orifice
mechanism.

End Connection:
Flange with Screwed Studs for Alignment to;
BS 4504 PN 10
SABS 1123 - Table 1000/3
ANSI B16. 1 Class 125.
Nominal Sizes:
DN50 (2"), DN80 (3"),DN100 (4"), DN150 (6") & DN200 (8")
Model No's:
RGX 0501 & 0521
B

Pressure Ratings bar (psi):

PN 5 (75 psi) ANSI #125

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
0.5 (7.2)

PN5 (75 psi) ANSI #125

Max.
5 (75)

Function:
i) High volume air/gas discharge - pipeline filling.
ii) High volume air intake - pipeline draining
iii) Pressurized air/gas discharge - pipeline filled.
iv) Surge dampening - high velocity air/gas discharge,
liquid column separation & liquid oscillation.
C

Valve Selection:- see RGX catalogue

Materials of Construction:- see page 1 & 2
Installation:- see RGX catalogue

Standard Factory Tests:

i) Hydrostatic test -1.5 x max. rated working pressure
ii) Low head leak test - 0.5 bar (7.2 psi)
iii) Small orifice function test at max. rated working pressure
(minimum 1 valve in 10).

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm

in

50
80
100
150
200

2
3
4
6
8

Model No.
050 RGX 0501 & 0521
080 RGX 0501 & 0521
100 RGX 0501 & 0521
150 RGX 0501 & 0521
200 RGX 0501 & 0521

mm

in

mm

in

220
285
285
395
445

8 /
11 1/4
11 1/4
13 1/2
17 1/2

520
530
530
710
710

20 /2
20 7/8
20 7/8
28
28

11 16

D
mm

in

52
45
45
54
54

2
165 6 /
50 2
1 13/16 200 7 7/8
80 3
1 13/16 220 8 11/16 100 4
2 1/8 285 11 1/4 150 6
2 1/8 340 13 1/3 200 8

Note: DN50 (2") valves have DN50 (2") BSP/NPT male inlet connections as standard.
information subject to change without prior notice

mm

in
1 2

mm in

Weight
kg

lbs

20
34
34
50
90

44
75
75
110
198

page: 3
revision date: Jan 2000

Series RX

Series RX
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
SCREWED - DN 25 (1")
Type:
Double Orifice Air Valve / Pump Protector

End Connection:
Screwed BSP/ NPT male
Nominal Sizes:
DN25 (1")
Model No's:
RX 4011 & 4021

Pressure Ratings bar (psi)

PN 40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Operating Pressure Range - bar (psi):

Min
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300
0.5 (7.2)

Max.
40 (580)

Operating Temperature Range:

4 OC (40 O F) to 80 O C (180 O F)

Acceptable Media:
Potable or strained raw water.
Function:
i) High volume air discharge from pump volute - pump priming.
ii) Pressurized air discharge - pump primed.
iii) Pump protection - pump de-priming.
Standard Factory Tests:
i) Hydrostatic - 1.5 x max. rated working pressure

OVERALL DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS

DN
mm in.
25 1"

MODEL No.

PRESSURE RATING

025 RX 4011 & 4021

PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

information subject to change without prior notice

A
B
C
WEIGHT
mm in. mm in.
Kg. lbs
120 4 3/ 4 420 16 1/2 1" BSP/ NPT 7 17.6

Series RX

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION & MATERIAL SPECIFICATION

SCREWED - DN25 (1")
Type:
Series RX - Double Orifice Air Valve / Pump Protector

End Connection:
Screwed BSP (ISO R7)/ NPT Male

Nominal Size:
DN25 (1")

Model No:
RX 4011 & 4021

Pressure Ratings:
PN40 (580 psi) ANSI #300

Proximity Swith Plug

Top Cover
Cast Aluminium
Screen Mesh
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Assembly Screws
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Proximity Sensor

Top Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Swissprax
Bleed ports x 4
1/4" screwed BSP/NPT
Stainless
Steel AISI 304
Middle Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nuts
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel Seal
CAF 400 gasket material
BS 2815 Grade A
O - Ring Seal
Nitrile Rubber

Washer
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Connecting Bracket
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Top Float
High Density Polyethylene

Nozzle
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Barrel
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Nozzle Seat
Natural Rubber

Lower Float
High Density Polyethylene

Guide Screws (Not Shown)

Connecting Screws
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Stainless Steel AISI 304

Tie Rods
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Lower Flange
Mild Steel BS 4360 Grade 43A
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coated
alternatively
Stainless Steel AISI 304
Screwed BSP (ISO R7)/ NPT male

information subject to change without prior notice

Support Screw
Stainless Steel AISI 304

Series RX
INSTALLATION

Vent-O-Mat series RX Pump Protector Air Valves are an inexpensive way to protect expensive
centrifugal pumps from damage due to loss of prime.
a)
b)

c)

The Vent-O-Mat series RX has three functions namely:

Automatic Air Release:
An automatic air release function which allows air from the suction line and volute to be vented.
Pump Priming:
The proximity switch senses the water level rising, indicating the pump is primed making the initial
electrical circuit to the pump.
Pump Depriming:
The proximity switch senses the water level falling, indicating loss of prime and breaks the electrical
circuit to the pump.
The Valve must be mounted on the volute of the pump as indicated in the diagram.

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENT

VENT-O-MAT
SERIES RX
ISOLATOR
RISER
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
PIPELINE

information subject to change without prior notice

Series RX
OPERATION

PUMP DEPRIMING

1
2

Liquid drains from the Air Valve Chamber (7) causing the Floats (1) & (2) to gravitate downward,
thereby breaking the electrical circuit to the pump, protecting the pump from running dry.
AIR DISCHARGE (PUMP START UP)

3
6
5

1
2

Air discharges through the Large Orifice (3), liquid enters Air Valve, bouying Floats (1) & (2).
Electric circuit is made as Small Orifice Nozzle (5) comes within range of Proximity Switch (6)
sends a signal indicating that the pump is primed.
PUMP OPERATING
Valve will discharge disentrained air that accumulates in the Air Valve Chamber (7), through the
Small Orifice Nozzle (5).

information subject to change without prior notice

Series RX

INDUCTIVE SENSOR TECHNICAL DATA

Ph

L
BROWN
AC

Th

BLUE
RELAY

D
LOAD

CONNECTION DIAGRAM

Supply voltage
Switching current
Voltage drop
Quiescent current
Switching frequency
Output
Switching function
Switchpoint hysteresis
Reproducibility
Status indication
Spurious response
Overvoltage protection
Temperature range
Temperature drift
Switching point
Cable: length
Cross - section
Conductor colours
Degree of protection

N
CIRCUT DIAGRAM

24 - 250 VAC
200 mA
< 10 V
< 3 mA
100 Hz
Thyristor
Make/Break (N.O./N.O.)
< 5 % Sn
0.5 - 2 % Sn
Built - in LED is standard for M18 and larger
Suppressed
Built - in
-250 to 70 0 C
< 10 % Sn
Fixed setting for Sn
2m
2 x 0.5 mm2
brown / blue
IP 67

PROXIMITY SENSORS FOR AC OPERATION

The proximity sensors are two conductor types suitable for 24 VAC to 250 VAC power supply. No
modifications are required to operate them with any voltage within this range. The thyristor on the
output is controlled by a sweep amplifier. This proximity sensor is supplied via the load which means
that a low quiscent current flows in the idle state. The voltage drop of the energized proximity sensor is
approximately 9V.
Overvoltage Protection
All AC proximity sensors are protected against overvoltage. Parasitic voltage peaks from the AC supply
and inductive loads are limited at the input by a varistor.
AC proximity sensors are increasingly replacing mechanical limit switches. The load can also be
connected through the two-wire line directly to the 220V AC supply. All loads such as time-lag relays,
supervisory relays or contactors can be switched without problems.
AC proximity sensors can also be operated in series and in certain conditions also in parallel.
information subject to change without prior notice

Series RX
INSTALLATION

Vent-O-Mat series RX Pump Protector Air Valves are an inexpensive way to protect expensive
centrifugal pumps from damage due to loss of prime.
a)
b)

c)

The Vent-O-Mat series RX has three functions namely:

Automatic Air Release:
An automatic air release function which allows air from the suction line and volute to be vented.
Pump Priming:
The proximity switch senses the water level rising, indicating the pump is primed making the initial
electrical circuit to the pump.
Pump Depriming:
The proximity switch senses the water level falling, indicating loss of prime and breaks the electrical
circuit to the pump.
The Valve must be mounted on the volute of the pump as indicated in the diagram.

RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION ARRANGEMENT

VENT-O-MAT
SERIES RX
ISOLATOR
RISER
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
PIPELINE

information subject to change without prior notice

Series RX
OPERATION

PUMP DEPRIMING

1
2

Liquid drains from the Air Valve Chamber (7) causing the Floats (1) & (2) to gravitate downward,
thereby breaking the electrical circuit to the pump, protecting the pump from running dry.
AIR DISCHARGE (PUMP START UP)

3
6
5

1
2

Air discharges through the Large Orifice (3), liquid enters Air Valve, bouying Floats (1) & (2).
Electric circuit is made as Small Orifice Nozzle (5) comes within range of Proximity Switch (6)
sends a signal indicating that the pump is primed.
PUMP OPERATING
Valve will discharge disentrained air that accumulates in the Air Valve Chamber (7), through the
Small Orifice Nozzle (5).

information subject to change without prior notice

Series RX

INDUCTIVE SENSOR TECHNICAL DATA

Ph

L
BROWN
AC

Th

BLUE
RELAY

D
LOAD

CONNECTION DIAGRAM

Supply voltage
Switching current
Voltage drop
Quiescent current
Switching frequency
Output
Switching function
Switchpoint hysteresis
Reproducibility
Status indication
Spurious response
Overvoltage protection
Temperature range
Temperature drift
Switching point
Cable: length
Cross - section
Conductor colours
Degree of protection

N
CIRCUT DIAGRAM

24 - 250 VAC
200 mA
< 10 V
< 3 mA
100 Hz
Thyristor
Make/Break (N.O./N.O.)
< 5 % Sn
0.5 - 2 % Sn
Built - in LED is standard for M18 and larger
Suppressed
Built - in
-250 to 70 0 C
< 10 % Sn
Fixed setting for Sn
2m
2 x 0.5 mm2
brown / blue
IP 67

PROXIMITY SENSORS FOR AC OPERATION

The proximity sensors are two conductor types suitable for 24 VAC to 250 VAC power supply. No
modifications are required to operate them with any voltage within this range. The thyristor on the
output is controlled by a sweep amplifier. This proximity sensor is supplied via the load which means
that a low quiscent current flows in the idle state. The voltage drop of the energized proximity sensor is
approximately 9V.
Overvoltage Protection
All AC proximity sensors are protected against overvoltage. Parasitic voltage peaks from the AC supply
and inductive loads are limited at the input by a varistor.
AC proximity sensors are increasingly replacing mechanical limit switches. The load can also be
connected through the two-wire line directly to the 220V AC supply. All loads such as time-lag relays,
supervisory relays or contactors can be switched without problems.
AC proximity sensors can also be operated in series and in certain conditions also in parallel.
information subject to change without prior notice