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Ag
) (Argentum: )
( .
.
- Ag2S
.
.
.
2.5 2.7
.
) (II
) (47 107.868 .10.5
) (962 .
) (2212 [1].
2-1 :
2500 .
. .
.
.
- .
.
[ 1 ].
3-1 :
Ag3N
. .
Ag3N
Ag+ .
.Ag+
Ag3N
Ag-N.
:
)AgNO3 (aq) + NaN3 (aq) AgN3(s) + NaNO3 (aq
Ag2C2
.
.
120
:
)Ag2C2(s) 2 Ag(s) + 2 C(s
4000/.
.
)2 AgNO3(aq) + C2H2(g) Ag2C2(s) + 2 HNO3(aq
Marcellin Berthelot
. 1866
.
)
( AgO
.
AgIAgIIIO
.3O2.Ag2O2Ag2
.
AgC2O3H2
.
10.2
/ 20.
:
+ H2O + CO2
.
-31
.
AgPF6
.
.
:
AgPF6 + Re(CO)5Br + CH3CN AgBr + [Re(CO)5(CH3CN)]PF6
AgCN
.
.
.
AgNO3 + NaCN AgCN+ NaNO3
].Na[Ag(CN)2
.
.
) (AgF
.
435 .
1.8/ .
.
.
.
.
2SO4Ag
.
.
AgHSO4
.
:
8
Ag2CrO4
.
Pnma
.c=5.54 b=7.03 , a=10.06
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
.
Eduard
Raphael
Liesegang )(
9
.
Liesegang rings .
.
.
Ag2Mo4
.
.
483.
.
10
.
:
.
.
: .
AgNO3
.
.
.
.
.
11
. )
( .
. )
( .
.
.
.
AgIO3
.
.
.
12
:
AgNO3 + NaIO3 AgIO3 + NaNO3
.
:
NaCl + AgIO3 AgCl + NaIO3
.
)(
AgI
13
.
0.03
.
KS = c [Ag+] . c [I -] = 8.5 * 10 -17
.
.
.
:
AgNO3 + KI AgI + KNO3
14
] .[ 2
4-1 :
.
15
.
.
.
500
.
16
)Selver
yen
(High
.
[ 1 ] .
5-1
:
:1-5-1
:
1-1-5-1
:
,
%99
. ICP-MS
17
[ 3 ].
2-1-5-1
:
%99
,
) (bacillus subtilis atcc 6633
,
.
) (protease
,
30
60-50
3-2
30 .
) Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn,
( Ni, Pb, Sn [ 4 ]. ICP-MS
18
3-1-5-1 :
:
AgBr
. Na2 S2O3
:
:
AgBr + 2 S2O32- [Ag(S2O3)]-3 + Br
.
:
.
)
) 0.6-0.3(
.
:
19
.
pH )(10-8
.
:
) (
[ 5 ] .
:2-5-1
Ag(S2O3)2
7-2 / .
) (microorganisms 5
) (ppm 5 /
20
.
:
1-2-5-1:
%90
[6].
2-2-5-1:
99 %
) . (Ag2S
[6].
3-2-5-1 :
(more
) electropositive
.
%99-95
21
.
.
5-1
2.5
.
.
.
.
.
pH=2.2
22
.
.
[6 ].
6-1 :
0.0702
.
:
.
: .
:
, , ,
, , ,
, .
23
:
.
:
.
[2].
24
2-1:
, , ,
) , ( 50 , 100 , 250 , , ,
, ,
2-2:
pH meter ,
2-3:
%10
%30
25
2-4:
2-4-1
60.5267
4*4
%10
)
(
100 ,
10_8
.
)
( .
100 50
[ 3 ].
26
2-4-2 :
:
) ( 1 :
pH
/3
5.38
102.2
1.1436
pH pH-
meter 10 %
100
.
)
27
( ,
) ( 2 10 %
100 pH
:
pH
pH=5
pH=4
pH=3.5
pH=3
2.15
3.01
4.32
5.36
4
48
).( 2-3-1
400
.
400
[ 5 ].
28
3-1 :
1-3-1
:
0.99
2.13
1.14
2-3 :
2-3-1
:
0.12
24
48
_____
_____
_____
0.14
72
_____
_____
_____
29
0.157
3-3 :
25-5
,
60
, ,
) (
, 10-8
,
) , (70_80 C
,
, )
30
(
,
.
,
..
)(
.
4-3 :
:
- 5-3
- 7 -1
- ) (
- 10 %
.
31
.
:
n Ag+ + M n Ag + M+n
) ( n = 2,3 ; M = Fe, Sn, Zn, Cu or Al
20
32
.
.
.
5
2.8-2.6
.
5 /
.
33
1-4
[1] J. Wesley Alexander ; 10; 2009 ;9941
[2]
A.Furst
;and
MC.Schlauder;Journal
of
environmental
[3]
N.
NAKIBOGLU
;D.
TOSCALI;and
G.NISLI;JTurk
Chem
[5]J.Hubin;and
Vereecken;J.
appl.
Electrochem;.
1994;396-403.
[6]
Kosei;
Toshiyuki;and;Kunio;
.Hachiro;
Journal
34
of
the
N.
KiwamuI;
Japan
Institute
A.
of
2-4
Ag 47
d 511
107.86821
Kr4d10 5s1
2, 8, 18, 18, 1
35
) (
10.49
9.320
11.28
250.58
) (
25.3501
1, 2, 3
1.93
731.0 :
2070 :
3361 :
144
5145
36
)
(
105Ag
41.2
105Pd
0.280 0.344
0.443 0.644
106mAg
8.28
106Pd
0.717 0.511
0.450 1.045
107Ag
51.839%
108mAg
109Ag
48.161%
111Ag
107Ag 60
418
108Pd
0.109
108Ag
0.614 0.433
0.722
109Ag 62
7.45 d
0.694 1.036
111Cd
0.342
37