Power Transmission, Distribution and

Utilization
Lecture# 18: AC Distribution

Dr.Hadeed AhmedSher
AssistantProfessor,EED
KFUEIT,Pakistan

EEDKFUEIT

Slide credits
This presentation is based on the textbook
Principles of power system by V K Mehta
All figures are taken from the above
mentioned book.

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Contents

Introduction
Case 1
Case 2
Unbalanced three phase load
Four wire star connected unbalanced load
Ground detectors

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Introdution
AC distribution system is widely used.
Here Z is important
L and C also contributes in addition to R

Power factor is also a key element

Either w.r.t. receiving end voltage (Case 1)
Or w.r.t. to sending end voltage (Case 2)

Vector or phasors are required to solve the

network.
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Case 1
Concentrated loads are considered with
lagging power factor.

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Case 1

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Case 2
Suppose the pf of loads are referred to their
respective load voltage then

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Case 2

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Three phase unbalanced load

Each load has a different impedance or power
factor or both.
Unbalanced loads examples are
Four wire star connected unbalanced load
Unbalanced Delta connected load
Unbalanced WYE connected load

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Four wire star connected

unbalanced load
Two possibilities are shown.
Both are common in distribution system
Rarely possible to have a balanced load
condition
IN=IR+IY+IB

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Four wire star connected unbalanced

load
Because load neutral and supply neutral are at
same potential therefore, all loads have same
voltage.
Current differs because of impedance.
Neutral current is less than the line current in
most cases.

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Ground Detectors
Used in underground fault system.
In case of fault the light dim.

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