Professional Documents
Culture Documents
My Korean 1 PDF
My Korean 1 PDF
My Korean 1 PDF
Korean
1
Young-A Cho
In-Jung Cho
Douglas Ling
CONTENTS
ix
PREFACE
TO THE TEACHER AND THE LEARNER
xiii
1
UNIT 1 ?
Situation Dialogue 1
Greetings
Introducing Yourself
Introducing Others
Situation Dialogue 2
13
Korean Names
14
16
18
19
Situation Dialogue 3
23
Saying Goodbye
24
27
31
UNIT 2
32
Basic Consonants
33
35
Aspirated Consonants
39
42
Writing Syllables
46
Tensed Consonants
49
51
Combined Vowels
53
Sound Shifts
58
Classroom Expressions
66
69
70
73
UNIT 3 ?
Discussing likes and dislikes
Situation Dialogue 1
75
Style of Speech
77
Situation Dialogue 2
79
Word Order
80
Yes/No Questions
82
83
Vocabulary: Food
84
Situation Dialogue 3
89
90
91
95
UNIT 4 ?
Asking people where they are going
Situation Dialogue 1
97
Vocabulary: Places
98
()? as a Greeting
99
Situation Dialogue 2
103
Destination Particle + to
105
Topic Particle +/
108
Situation Dialogue 3
111
ii
112
115
UNIT 5 ?
Talking about your daily routine
Talking about what you are doing
Situation Dialogue 1
117
120
122
126
What
127
Situation Dialogue 2
131
134
Time Particle + in or at or on
135
Location Particle + in or at
137
Situation Dialogue 3
143
145
147
150
152
155
UNIT 6 ?
Talking about the time
Making appointments
Talking about class timetables
Situation Dialogue 1
157
159
160
iii
161
161
162
163
Suggestions 1: + Lets
168
Situation Dialogue 2
171
+ +: from till
174
178
Situation Dialogue 3
183
UNIT 7 ?
191
Situation Dialogue 1
193
195
Situation Dialogue 2
205
208
unintentionally
+ It's because...
210
Situation Dialogue 3
213
216
218
225
UNIT 8
Ordering in a caf or restaurant
Situation Dialogue 1
227
229
Situation Dialogue 2
235
238
Counting Nouns
242
iv
Situation Dialogue 3
251
255
256
262
265
UNIT 9 ?
Asking for and giving prices
Asking for a discount
Situation Dialogue 1
267
am/are/is not
270
How much?
273
Sino-Korean Numbers
274
286
Situation Dialogue 2
289
292
293
Situation Dialogue 3
299
Demonstrative Pronouns:
301
302
304
313
UNIT 10 ?
Talking about yourself and your family
Situation Dialogue 1
315
318
319
320
Situation Dialogue 2
323
326
Word Contractions
328
Situation Dialogue 3
331
Vocabulary: Family
334
338
Possessive Pronouns
340
Vocabulary: Occupations
342
344
350
355
APPENDIX
Notes for Verb and Adjective Tables
374
376
Appendix 1: Copular be
378
380
384
388
392
396
398
400
402
406
414
vi
422
430
434
438
442
446
448
vii
Preface
ix
To the Korea Foundation for the 2008 grant which made it possible to
include the comics for the situation dialogues and gave us the last push
into finishing this book;
To Hye-Jung Kim for most of the illustrations other than the situation
dialogue comics;
To Joel Atkinson, Erin Fitzgerald, Stephen Gartlan and Vicky Ryan for
formatting and editing;
To all the past and current students for their valuable feedback and
insights which they have let us gain through the collaborative exploration
of learning the language;
And last but not least to our good friends, Lendriani and Nigel Thursfield,
Vicky and William Quek, Janet and Jim Murray, and Douglas and Helena
Ling for their love and support.
Following our open access policy, this book and its accompanying
over the years and they have been our inspiration. We hope this book will
help those teachers in their efforts of creating a better learning environment
for their students.
To all, many thanks again for your assistance and encouragement.
Melbourne
Young-A Cho
10 July, 2009
In-Jung Cho
xii
xiii
explanations and various tasks such as role plays, listening, writing and
reading.
The first two units are essentially about some Korean sounds and the
Korean alphabet. Unit One presents usual greetings and introductions
through which learners familiarize themselves with the sounds of the Korean
language. Unit Two deals with the Korean alphabet and is the only unit
without any situation dialogues. Once the students learn the Korean
alphabetic symbols and how these are put together to create meaningful
sounds, they should be able to improve their skills of reading aloud Korean
writing over the course of the rest of the book.
Unit Three and Four introduce the basic Korean sentence structure,
which is in the order of Subject-Object-Verb, compared to the English order
of Subject-Verb-Object. You should not try to understand all of the
expressions in the situation dialogues in Unit Three. We have tried to make
the situation dialogues as natural as possible and this has resulted in the
inclusion of a few expressions that are a bit challenging at this early stage of
learning.
Unit Five is a crucial one which deals with verb conjugations for the
first time. It shows how to attach present tense endings to verb stems, which
are one of many to follow. It is, therefore, vital that students fully grasp this
grammar point.
Unit Six deals with how to make simple suggestions and also
introduces pure Korean numbers one to twelve in the form of telling the time.
This is done deliberately to prepare the learners for the counting nouns to be
introduced in Unit Eight, and also to expose them to the forms of pure Korean
numbers one to four used in conjunction with counting nouns before they
learn the full forms of these numbers.
Unit Seven deals with the past tense verb endings. Once the students
learn these, they can virtually talk about the events of all three tenses, that is,
past, present and future time because the present tense endings in Korean can
be used for many future events as well. Unit Eight and Nine are essentially
xiv
about buying things that involves the learning of pure Korean numbers and
Sino-Korean numbers. Unit Ten presents how to talk about yourself and your
family.
There are eighteen appendices. Appendices One to Sixteen have verb
and adjective conjugation tables. Appendix Seventeen is a list of the particles
and suffixes covered in the book. Appendix Eighteen is a list of basic Korean
editing symbols and a handwriting sheet, which can be used for writing
practice or writing assignments.
Situation dialogues, role plays and listening tasks
As mentioned above, each unit is composed of three situation dialogues,
grammar explanations and various tasks such as role plays, listening, writing
and reading. The situation dialogues, role plays and listening tasks require
some explanation.
The situation dialogues are presented in two modes: comics and
text-only mode. Comics are used to provide extra-linguistic cues which are
normally available when we communicate. The comics and the recording of
each situation dialogue provide multimodal language input to help students
job of making meaning. There are also some differences in spellings used in
the comics and the corresponding text-only dialogue. We use the colloquial
version in the comics to show how some words are pronounced differently
from their standard spellings.
The situation dialogues are also presented in two settings: the Korean
setting and the Australian setting. The first setting involves mainly two
Korean university students, Minseo Kim and Jihun Park. The second setting
revolves around three university students, Minjun Kim, Paul Smith and
Hyeonu Lee, who are studying in Australia. The presence of any of these
characters will tell you in which setting each dialogue is taking place.
The role plays are somewhat mechanical and different from those
based on communicative methods. They are to provide a more interesting
setting for the practice of speaking and listening. They can, however, be used
xv
as a basis for the more communicative nature of role plays by encouraging the
students to be more creative and to play with the language.
The listening tasks are from our old out-of-print listening book
Elementary Task-Centered Listening Comprehension of Korean 1, which was
published in 1994 and later changed its title into Korean Through Active
Listening 1. The listening book was always used alongside the textbook until
it became out of print in early 2008. This development has allowed the
incorporation of the listening tasks into the textbook, resulting in the more
rounded and user-friendly textbook. We have to admit that the expressions in
the listening tasks are not as natural as they should be, but they still provide
good input via listening, which is very important in language learning. The
listening tasks do not have answer keys. It has only the transcript at the end of
the book and the learners are required to find the answers themselves first by
listening and then by reading.
Romanisation
This book has used the Korean government romanisation system.
xvi
1
?
Unit Focus:
Greetings and Introductions
o Greetings
o Introducing Yourself
o Introducing Others
o +ye-yo/i-e-yo am; are; is
o Korean Names
o Addressing People at the Office: Titles
o Addressing Peers at School: seonbae and
hubae
o Addressing Unknown People at the Shops
o Saying Goodbye
o Greeting, Thanks and Other Expressions
UNIT 1 ?
UNIT 1 ?
Situation Dialogue 1
Paul, Minseo, Minjun and Jihun are introducing themselves.
Kim
Annyeonghaseyo?
Hello,
Minseo:
Im inseo Kim.
Yeonse daehakgyoeseo
Im majoring in English
yeongmunhak
Literature at Yonsei
jeongonghaeyo.
Uri oppayeyo.
University.
This is my older brother.
(Lit. our older brother)
Kim
Annyeonghaseyo?
Hello,
Minjun:
Kim Minjunimnida.
Im Minjun Kim.
gyohwanhaksaengimnida.
Monash University in
Je chingu Paulimnida.
Australia.
This is my friend, Paul.
Paul
Annyeonghaseyo?
Hello.
Smith:
Paul Smithimnida.
Im Paul Smith.
haksaengimnida.
Monash University.
Hangugeohago gyeongjehak
gongbuhamnida.
Park
Jihun:
Park.
Kim
Minseo:
UNIT 1 ?
Vocabulary
Annyeonghaseyo? Hello; How
do you do?
gyohwan
haksaeng
exchange
student
jeoneun
jeo I /me
+neun topic
particle
am/are/is
{polite}
chingu
friend
jeodo
yeonse daehakgyo
Yonsei
University
daehak
university
+eseo
at; in
haksaeng
student
yeongmunhak
English
literature
hangugeo
Korean
(language)
jeongonghaeyo
major in
hago
and; with
je
my
gyeongjehak economics
oppa
older brother
(term used by
females)
am/are/is
{polite}
gongbu
hamnida
study{formal}
namja
chingu
Boyfriend
+imnida
am/are/is
{formal}
+irago
hamnida
am/is called
{formal}
hoju
Australia
aniyeyo
am/are/is not
monaesi
daehakgyo
Monash
University
+yeyo
+ieyo
UNIT 1 ?
Greetings
There are three basic ways to greet someone in Korean, depending on what
degree of politeness and/or formality the situation requires:
?
An-nyeong?
?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
(Honorific)
?
An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?
(Honorific, formal)
?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
Olivia: ?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
,1 ?
Seon-saeng-nim, an-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?
Teacher: ?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
UNIT 1 ?
3) And when two young people bump into each other on the street, they can
just say ? (An-nyeong?). Or they might say:
Amanda:
Susan,1 ?
Susan, eo-di ga-ni? (Susan, are you going somewhere?)
Susan:
, .
Eung, eo-di ga.
Note 1: The student addresses the teacher by the title (Seon-saengnim), which is respectful. On the other hand, Amanda just addresses her
close friend by name. (There will be more on titles later).
UNIT 1 ?
Introducing Yourself
After greeting somebody for the first time, you can say:
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da.
And then introduce yourself:
Robert .
(I) am Robert.
Robert-im-ni-da.
You may have noticed that the pronoun I is omitted, as is normally the
case in Korean sentences where the subject is obvious.
When referring to the person you are addressing, the Korean pronoun for
you is almost never used:
Robert ?
Robert-ni?
(Casual)
UNIT 1 ?
Introducing Others
When introducing somebody, you can use:
() .
(Honorific)
() John .
(Polite)
I-tchog-eun John-i-e-yo.
This (person) is John.
Paul .
(Formal)
Je chin-gu Paul-im-n-ida.
This is my friend, Paul.
Paul .
(Casual)
Paul-i-ya.
This is Paul.
You will notice that the term for this (person) is different in each sentence,
and so is the final ending. The term and ending used in the first sentence
show a greater level of respect, and are termed honorific. ( literally
means this distinguished person, whereas literally means over
here.) You can also introduce someone without saying This is in casual
speech. The use of different verb endings will be introduced in the next unit.
UNIT 1 ?
I am Minseo Kim.
I am Minjun Kim.
(Polite)
Noun + i-ya/ya
(Casual)
Noun + im-ni-da
(Formal)
10
UNIT 1 ?
[Name]-im-in-da
Im [name].
[ Example Dialogue 2]
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
[Name]-( i)-e-yo
Im [name].
[ Example Dialogue 3]
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
[Name]-( i)-ra-go-ham-ni-da
Im [name].
[ Example Dialogue 4]
An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?
[Name]-( i)-ra-go-ham-ni-da
Im [name].
UNIT 1 ?
11
12
UNIT 1 ?
13
UNIT 1 ?
Situation Dialogue 2
Kim Yeongjun is meeting a businessman, Robert Irving, at the airport.
Irving: Annyeonghasimnikka?
Kim:
Robert Irvingimnida.
Im Robert Irving.
Annyeonghasimnikka?
Kim Yeongjunimnida. .
Im Kim Yongjun.
Kim:
Cheoeum boepgetseumnida.
Vocabulary
Annyeonghasimnikka?
+imnida.
am/are/is {formal}
mannaseo
bangapseumnida
cheoeum
boepgetseumnida
14
UNIT 1 ?
Korean Names
Korean names consist of a family name followed by a given name. Most
Korean given names are comprised of two syllables, though some only have
one.
The three most common family names in Korea are (Kim), (Yi, often
written Lee), and (Park). Together, these three names account for around
45% of the population.
Family name groups are divided by patrilineal decent into branches or clans.
(There are about 280 such branches of Kim). Until recently, it was illegal
for people of the same branch to marry, no matter how distantly related.
Branches are usually identified by a place name where the clan is said to
have originated, such as Kyeongju Kim.
Common Korean family names:
Kim
Yi
Pak
Choe
Cheong
Cho
Chang
Yun
Sin
Han
Hong
Yu
Kang
Song
15
UNIT 1 ?
Below are the top five baby names for boys and girls in 2006, often used in
television dramas:
(Male)
Minjun
Minjae
Jihun
Hyeonu
Junseo
(Female)
Seoyeon
Minseo
Subin
Seohyeon
Minji
The following are common names in 1975 and 1945 respectively. Note the
female names from 1945 end with ja, equivalent to the ko common in
Japanese female names. This reflects the Japanese colonial period, which
ended in that year:
1975
1945
(Male)
Jeonghun
Seongho
Seonghun
(Female)
Miyeong
Eunjeong
Eunju
(Male)
Yeongsu
Yeongho
Yeongsik
(Female)
Yeongja
Jeongja
Sunja
16
UNIT 1 ?
Professor Smith
Smith gyo-su-nim
Kim sa-jang-nim
Examples:
(1)
When people have no title and are of equal or lower status than you, you can
use their full name + (ssi). For example, if the lowest person in the office
is called Yeong-Jun Kim, you would refer to them as Kim Yeong-Jun ssi.
It is rude however to use ssi, if you are a junior to the person you are
addressing.
UNIT 1 ?
17
ssi should also be used after someones given name where there is equal
status, but it is offensive to address anyone by their surname and (ssi),
such as (Kim ssi), so be careful! It is also not used between people
in the same gender, so it is best to avoid this title at this stage!
18
UNIT 1 ?
UNIT 1 ?
19
In the market, for young girls, they might use eonni, for middle aged
women ajumma, and for middle aged men (and maybe younger men too)
ajeossi'. Elderly customers are referred to as harabeoji for men and
halmeoni for women.
If you need to call out to a staff member to attract their attention, the term
you use depends on the type of business. If you are at a caf or restaurant,
you can use a kinship term, for example to a young female waitress using
"eonni" (literally older sister) if you are a female, but usually people don't
use any term but simple say "yeogiyo" (literally over here!) to catch their
attention. If you are in a shop, you can use kinship terms as described above
(i.e. eonni, ajumma, ajeossi, harabeoji, halmeoni, etc.).
20
UNIT 1 ?
B:
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
[Name]-im-ni-da
Im [name].
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da.
[Name]-im-in-da
Im [name].
Man-na-seo pan-gap-seumnida.
ireum (name)
21
UNIT 1 ?
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
.
Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da
A/.
A-i-e-yo/ye-yo
I'm A.
.
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
(first or full name) (ssi) polite neutral title such as Mr. and Ms.
a. Yeongjin (male)
2. Susan
b. Sumi (female)
3. Paul
c. Seonyeong (female)
4. Amanda
d. Minseop (male)
22
UNIT 1 ?
23
UNIT 1 ?
Situation Dialogue 3
Robert Irving is leaving Korea and saying goodbye to Kim Yeongjun.
Irving:
Kim:
Gamsahamnida.
Thank you.
Annyeonghi gyesipsio.
Goodbye.
Annyeonghi gasipsio.
Goodbye.
Bye, Minjun.
(Lit. Bye, older brother)
Minjun:
Jal isseo.
Take care.
Minseo:
Jeonhwahae.
Call me.
Minjun:
Arasseo.
Okay.
Vocabulary
gamsahamnida
thank you
annyeonghi
gyesipsio
gasipsio
go {honorific, formal}
oppa
jal
ga
go {casual}
isseo
stay {casual}
jeonhwahae
arasseo
okay {casual}
24
UNIT 1 ?
Saying Goodbye
When saying goodbye to one who is leaving, you can say:
. An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo.
. Jal ga.
(Honorific)
(Casual)
When you are saying goodbye to one who is staying, you can say:
. An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo.
. Jal iss-eo.
(Honorific)
(Casual)
Close friends who are young will just say Annyeong in both
instances.
25
UNIT 1 ?
Task 5: Writing
How should you say goodbye in the following situations?
You are
talking to
at
student
teacher
street
student
teacher
teachers office
student
friend
street
student
friend
friends home
customer
pharmacist
pharmacy
waitress
customer
restaurant
son
mother
home
bank teller
customer
bank
businessman
customer
airport
so you say
Annyeonghi kaseyo.
Danyeoogetseumnida 1
Note 1: Used when you are leaving home but will be coming back later.
26
UNIT 1 ?
Task 6: Listening
(EXPONENT)
Goodbye to one who is leaving.
/.
An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo/ga-sip-s-io.
/.
An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo/gye-sip-s-io.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
seonsaeng
teacher
+
nim
sir/madam
You are going to hear some dialogue in which two people are saying
goodbye to each other. As you know, Korean has different expressions for
"Goodbye" depending on whether it is directed to someone leaving or
staying. Listen carefully and write down L(eaving) in the box next to the
people who are leaving and S(taying) to the people who are staying. Ready?
Listen!
1. Thomas
Sumi (female)
2. Yeongjin (male)
Susan
3. Paul
(teacher)
seonsaengnim
4. Minseop (male)
Amanda
27
UNIT 1 ?
? An-nyeong?
(Very casual not used among adults)
Hi!
(2)
?
(Honorific)
An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?
(3)
? (Honorific, formal)
An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka?
(4)
.
(Casual)
Man-na-seo ban-ga-wo
(5)
. (Formal)
Man-na-seo ban-gap-seum-ni-da
(6)
. (Formal)
Cheo-eum boep-get-seum-ni-da.
(7)
.
(Formal)
O-rae-gan-man-im-ni-da.
(8)
.
O-rae-gan-man-i-e-yo.
(9)
?
Eo-tteo-ke-ji-nae-se-yo?
(10)
.
Jal-ji-nae-yo.
I am fine.
(11)
.
Geu-jeo-geu-rae-yo.
So-so.
(12)
.
(Formal)
Tto-poep-ge-sseum-ni-da.
(13)
.
Mi-an-ham-ni-da.
(14)
. (Formal)
Neoj-eo-seo mi-an-ham-ni-da.
(Formal)
Im sorry.
I am sorry, Im late.
28
UNIT 1 ?
(15)
.
(Formal)
Gwaen-chan-sseum-ni-da.
(16)
.
Gwaen-chan-a-yo.
(17)
.
Gam-sa-ham-ni-da.
Thank you.
(18)
.
Go-map-seum-ni-da.
Thank you.
(19)
.
Go-ma-wo.
(20)
.
Mwol-yo.
Youre welcome.
(21)
.
A-ni-ye-yo.
Youre welcome.
(Lit. It is not.)
(22)
/.
Ne/Ye.
Yes.
(23)
/.
Eung/eo.
Yeah.
(24)
.
Jeo-gi-yo.
Excuse me.
(25)
/.
Jam-kkan-man-yo/Jam-si-man-yo.
(26)
/ .
A-ni-yo/A-nyo.
No.
(27)
.
A-ni.
Nope./Nah.
(28)
.
Jal ga.
(Casual)
(Casual)
(Casual)
Its O.K.
Thanks
Goodbye
(to someone leaving)
29
UNIT 1 ?
(29)
.
(Honorific)
An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo.
Goodbye
(to someone leaving)
(30)
.(Honorific, formal)
An-nyeong-hi ga-sip-si-o.
Goodbye
(to someone leaving)
(31)
.
Jal iss-eo.
(32)
.
(Honorific)
An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo.
Goodbye
(to someone staying)
(33)
.(Honorific, formal)
An-nyeong-hi gye-sip-si-o.
Goodbye
(to someone staying)
(Casual)
Goodbye
(to someone staying)
30
UNIT 1 ?
Unit Focus:
Reading Hangeul
Writing Hangeul
Sound Shifts
Classroom Expressions
32
UNIT 2
Hangeul
We write English by stringing individual letters together. But when using the
Korean writing system Hangeul, we have to think in terms of syllables. A
simple example is the word Canada - Ca-na-da. In Korean this becomes
. Every Korean syllable occupies the same amount of space, no matter
how many characters are in the syllable, and are written to fit into a square
box. Like English, Hangeul is comprised of consonants and vowels.
kae
Camera
Peter
Mary
Banana
Radio
na
Ca-me-ra
Pe-ter
Ma-ry
Ba-na-na
Ra-di-o
da
ka
me
Ra
pi
teo
me
ri
ba
na
na
ra
di
33
UNIT 2
Basic Consonants
(1)
k/g
(2)
t/d
(3)
p/b
(4)
ch/j
(5)
(as in speech)
(6)
(as in mother)
(7)
(as in noise)
(8)
r/l
(9)
(as in high)
(10)
ng
34
UNIT 2
Practise writing the consonants, paying attention to the stroke order shown
below.
giyeok
nieun
d/t
digeut
r/l
rieul
mieum
b/p
biup
s/t
siot
/ng
ieung
j/t
jieut
h/t
hieut
35
UNIT 2
36
UNIT 2
(1)
ka-na
(2)
na-ra
country
(3)
ta-ri
leg; bridge
(4)
ra-di-o
radio
(5)
ma-cha
carriage
(6)
pa-da
ocean
(7)
sa-ja
lion
(8)
ja
ruler
(9)
ha-na
one
(10)
a-gi
baby
(11)
a-nae
wife
(12)
a-rae
under; below
(13)
a-ma
perhaps
(14)
a-si-a
Asia
(15)
a-ri-a
aria
In this group, there are syllables that begin with the dummy consonant ,
which has no sound. Remember, there has to be a consonant at the beginning
of the syllable!
37
UNIT 2
(16)
sa-rang
love
(17)
san
mountain
(18)
sa-ram
person
(19)
kang
river
(20)
chang-ma
long rain
This last group includes syllables that also have a final consonant. These
syllables must still fit into the square box even though there is an extra
letter. The space occupied by the initial consonant and the vowel is reduced to
allow room underneath for the final consonant.
38
UNIT 2
Ghana
2.
river
3.
country
4.
butterfly
5.
....
leg; bridge
6.
radio
7.
mask
8.
9.
banana
10.
ocean
11.
person
12.
love
13.
lion
14.
baby
15.
Asia
16.
ruler
17.
oneself; you
18.
19.
hippopotamus
20.
but
39
UNIT 2
Aspirated Consonants
(1)
(as in kite)
(2)
(as in tank)
(3)
(as in punk)
(4)
ch
(as in cheese)
kieuk
tieut
pieup
ch/t
chieut
To understand what an aspirated consonant is, put your hand in front of your
lips while saying kite. You can feel a burst of air. The difference between
(an aspirated consonant) and (a simple consonant) is the amount of air you
exhale when you make the sound. When you pronounce , the amount of air
you expel is quite small. This difference is similar to that between
and , and and and .
40
UNIT 2
Examples:
(1)
cha
tea; car
(2)
cha-pyo
(3)
ka-deu
card
(4)
ka-me-ra
camera
(5)
ta-ja-gi
typewriter
(6)
ta-i-o
tire
(7)
pa-do
wave
(8)
pa-ri
Paris
UNIT 2
41
Task 2: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonants +)
You will practise the Korean consonants with the vowel ''. Draw lines
connecting two letters that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own
before you begin. Ready? Listen!
42
UNIT 2
(as in Canada)
(2)
ae
(as in Canada)
(3)
eo
(as in computer)
(4)
(as in bed)
(5)
(as in book)
(6)
(as in see)
(7)
oe
(as in wet)
The last two pure vowels are harder to pronounce as there are no direct
equivalents in English.
(8)
eu
(If you say the cat sat on the mat stressing cat and
mat, the sound of the unstressed e in the the is close
to this vowel.)
(9)
UNIT 2
43
Note 1: All vowel symbols are formed by combining the following three
basic elements: depicts heaven; depicts earth; and depicts
humankind.
Mouth position of vowels
As you can see from the diagram below, the vowels in Korean depend on how
open the mouth is when pronounced and whether the sound is produced from
the front of the mouth or the back near the throat. Therefore, it is hard to
distinguish between and as they are both pronounced from a similar
mouth position with only a very slight difference in the opening of the mouth.
44
UNIT 2
Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant stroke by stroke:
Symbol Sound
& Name
a
eo
o
u
eu
i
ae
e
oe
UNIT 2
45
Task 3: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Vowels)
You will practise some Korean vowels. Draw lines connecting two letters
that you hear. Try to read them aloud on your own before you begin. Ready?
Listen!
46
UNIT 2
Writing Syllables
As mentioned earlier, every syllable is written to fit into the same imaginary
square boxno matter how many characters are in the syllable. How the box
is divided up depends first on the shape of the vowel. When you look at the
pure vowels, you will see that they have a predominant shape. Thus we can
think of them as being vertical: , horizontal: , or
combined: . Have a look at how the vowel shapes the syllable:
With vertical vowels with no end consonant, the box is divided vertically in
half, with the initial consonant on the left and the vowel on the right:
With vertical vowels with an end consonant, the space for the initial
consonant and vowel is reduced to allow room underneath for the final
consonant:
With horizontal vowels with no end consonant, the box is divided in half
horizontally, with the initial consonant at the top and the vowel at the bottom:
With horizontal vowels with an end consonant, again the end consonant is
placed at the bottom. The initial consonant and vowel are pushed upwards:
47
UNIT 2
Examples:
(1)
lemon
(2)
bus
(3)
supermarket
(4)
ice cream
(5)
album
(6)
orange
(7)
juice
(8)
cassette
(9)
kangaroo
(10)
coffee
(11)
computer
(12)
taxi
(13)
tennis
(14)
television
(15)
piano
(16)
pizza
(17)
hamburger
(18)
hotel
48
UNIT 2
Task 4: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonants + Vowels)
49
UNIT 2
Tensed Consonants
(1)
kk
(as in sky)
(2)
tt
(as in stop)
(3)
pp
(as in spy)
(4)
jj
(5)
ss
(as in essence)
kk
ssang
giyeok
tt
ssang
digeut
pp
ssang
bieup
jj
ssang
jieut
ss
ssang
siot
50
UNIT 2
Examples:
(1)
tail
(2)
repeat after me
(3)
(I am) busy
(4)
(5)
51
UNIT 2
Sound
Example
(1)
cinema
(2)
eye; snow
(3)
listening
(4)
r/ l
foot
(5)
music
(6)
(7)
ng
Singapore
Other final consonants take on one of the above seven end consonant sounds:
Consonant
Sound
Example
(8)
k ()
kitchen
(9)
k ()
cut down
(10)
t ()
clothes
(11)
t ()
bought
(12)
t ()
daytime
(13)
t ()
flower
(14)
t ()
end
(15)
t ()
(16)
p ()
front
52
UNIT 2
Task 5: Listening
(ESSENTIAL LETTERS: Consonant + Vowel +Consonant)
53
UNIT 2
Combined Vowels
There are twelve combination vowels:
i + a, eo, o, u, ae, e
Examples
(1)
ya
(as in yard)
baseball
(2)
yeo
female
(3)
yo
chef
(4)
yu
(as in new)
glass
(5)
yae
(as in yam)
story
(6)
ye
(as in yes)
yes
o + a, ae, i
(7)
wa
(as in Washington)
sweets
(8)
wae
(as in swam)
why
u + o, e, i
(9)
wo
(as in was)
what
(10)
we
(as in wet)
waiter
(11)
wi
(as in weak)
ear
ui
(as in can we
doctor
eu + i
(12)
54
UNIT 2
Now practise writing them with the dummy consonant stroke by stroke:
Symbol Sound
& Name
ya
yeo
yo
yu
yae
ye
wa
wae
wo
we
wi
ui
55
UNIT 2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
56
UNIT 2
Task 7: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY: Country Names)
Gabon
Namibia
Nigeria
Niger
Libya
Madagascar
Mali
Moroco
Mauritanie
Mozambique
Botswana
Somalia
Sudan
Algeria
Angola
Ethiopia
Egypt
Zaire
Zambia
Chad
Kenya
Tanzania
In this task, you will continue to practise the alphabet using the names of
African countries. Write down the number of the country that you hear next to
the country name on the map below. Have a look at the map and read aloud
the country names before you begin. Ready? Listen!
UNIT 2
57
58
UNIT 2
Sound Shifts
1. Resyllabification
You will have noticed that some of the consonants are represented by two
roman letters, for example :k/g, : t/d and :p/b. When these consonants
end an individual syllable, we use the k, t, p set of sounds but the sound is cut
off. The same thing can happen in English. Say the words pot, pop, pock very
quickly. You will find that you dont actually make the t, p, k sounds at the
ends of the words. Your mouth goes to a position to make the sounds but
doesnt go through with it. We say that these end consonants are unreleased.
While in English you can say these words more clearly and enunciate the end
consonants, in Korean these t, k, p end consonants are always unreleased
when we say a syllable on its own.
But when we run syllables together, the end sound can shift depending on
what follows. Again the same thing applies in English. Say the following
sentences quickly, and with a bit of a drawl:
look over there
sit on the chair
drop in some time
When you say these quickly, you always sound the k, t, and p at the end of
look, sit and drop. But the sound can also slide: k to g, t to d and p to b. If
you say these consonants in pairs, you will see that the way you use your
mouth to make them is very close. So when you talk quickly, it is very easy to
slide from one to the other. Another example is the phrase sit down. When
you say it quickly, it naturally becomes siddown. It takes more effort to
make distinct t and d sounds and you have to talk more slowly.
59
UNIT 2
People generally like to speak quickly, and the sound shift allows that with
minimum effort. Look at the Korean word for think:
. Saeng-kak-hae-yo.
The romanization represents the pronunciation if you say it very slowly, one
syllable at a time. Practise these separately and then say them quickly,
running them together. You will find that the sounds shift a bit and a smooth
and natural pronunciation is saenggakaeyo.
For the same reason:
is not chaek-i
but
chaegi
is not meok-eo-yo
but
meogeoyo
but
mianhamnida
but
hangeul.
is not mi-an-hap-ni-ta
is not han-keul
2. Consonant assimilation
The nasal consonants are and . To keep pronunciation easy and flowing
some consonants get changed before these two consonants as shown below:
Some p-based sounds become m:
,
sound
sound
60
UNIT 2
k/g based sounds become ng, like in English singer (not sin-ger)
, ,
sound
Examples
Spelling
Pronunciation
also has its own assimilation rules. If and come together, the
wins (dont say the at all). It means the n BECOMES an l. If comes
before an or y sound the sound is doubled. More of an l sound
than an r sound.
+ (, , , , etc.)
Examples
Spelling
Pronunciation
61
UNIT 2
3. Tensification
The following shows the difference between untensed and tensed consonants
in Korean:
Untensed
Tensed
Sometimes its easier to tense a consonant when its before another strong
consonant, rather than assimilating it like we did with the nasal consonants
and .
Examples
Spelling
Pronunciation
62
UNIT 2
Pronunciation
Harder
Examples
Spelling
Pronunciation
UNIT 2
63
You dont have to think of these sound shifts as a set of rules that you must
learn. If you practise saying the syllables quickly, running them together, the
reason for the shifts will become obvious, and eventually altering your
pronunciation in this way will become natural.
Pronouncing Korean is relatively easy because, apart from these sound shifts,
Korean words sound the way they look. As you will be introduced to new
words, sentences, and the like, through printed text, it is important that you
devote some time to learning Hangeul.
64
UNIT 2
e.
b.
f.
c.
g.
d.
h.
State or Territory
Capital City
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
65
UNIT 2
h.
b.
i.
c.
j.
d.
k.
e.
l. (Paris)
f.
m.
g.
Country
Capital City
Country
1.
8.
2. /
9. (Japan)
3. (Germany)
10. (China)
4.
11.
5. (USA)
12.
6. (England)
13. /
7.
Capital City
66
UNIT 2
Classroom Expressions
(1)
.
Chaek pyeoseyo.
(2)
.
Jal deureuseyo.
Listen carefully.
(3)
.
Ttara haseyo.
(4)
.
Ilgeo boseyo
Please read.
(5)
.
Daedapae boseyo.
(6)
.
Sseo boseyo.
(7)
?
Algesseoyo?
Do you understand?
(8)
, .
Ne, algesseoyo.
Yes, I understand.
(9)
[] .
[Anyo] jal moreugenneundeyo.
(10) ?
Jilmun isseoyo?
(11) , .
Ne, inneundeyo.
(12) [] .
[Jilmun] eomneundeyo
(13) [] .
Please speak/say it slowly.
Cheoncheonhi [malsseum]hae juseyo.
67
UNIT 2
(14) .
Ijeobeoryeonneundeyo.
Ive forgotten.
(15) Test ?
Test hangugeoro mwoyeyo?
(16) .
Siheomirago haeyo.
(17) .
Hangungmallo haseyo.
(18) .
Dasi hanbeon hae boseyo
Try it again.
(19) .
Majasseoyo.
Thats correct.
(20) .
Teullyeonneundeyo.
(21) .
Oneureun iman hagesseoyo.
68
UNIT 2
69
UNIT 2
/ng
ch
ya
eo
yeo
yo
yu
eu
70
UNIT 2
kk
tt
pp
ss
/ng
jj
ch
ae
ya
yae
eo
yeo
ye
wa
71
UNIT 2
kk
tt
pp
ss
/ng
jj
ch
wae
oe
yo
wo
we
wi
yu
eu
ui
72
UNIT 2
3
?
Unit Focus:
Discussing Likes and Dislikes
o Style of Speech
o Word Order
o Yes/No Questions
o Saying Yes and No
o Vocabulary: Food
o Negative Question Usage
o Spaces Between Words
74
UNIT 3 ?
75
UNIT 3 ?
Situation Dialogue 1
Minjuns Korean friend Hyeonu is picking him up at Melbourne airport.
:
, .
, .
, .
?
, .
, ?
, .
Minjuna, yeogiya.
Minjun:
Eo, geurae.
Oh, right.
Ya, oraenmanida.
Jal jinaesseo?
How ya been?
Oh, alright.
Hyeonu:
Gwaenchana.
Im fine.
Hyeonu:
Gabang jwo.
Minjun:
Anya, an mugeowo.
76
UNIT 3 ?
Vocabulary
+
here
oh; yeah
indeed
been well
you
not
tired
okay
bag
give
no/nah
heavy
Note: At this stage you do not need to understand all the grammar presented
in the situation dialogues. It will be helpful to memorise expressions even
though you may not understand how they are constructed.
77
UNIT 3 ?
Style of Speech
You have seen that Korean has different styles of speech depending on the
relationship between the speakers. The four most commonly used are:
1) ?
(Honorific, formal)
2) ?
(Honorific)
3) ?
(Polite)
4) ?
(Casual)
Styles (1) and (2) are honorific and are used when you need to be polite. Style
(1) is also formal. Style (4) is used among close friends or when you speak to
younger family members. Style (3) is polite and informal. This is used when
you talk informally to people you dont know well who are of similar status to
you. It is also used when you speak to people you feel close to, if they are a bit
older than you and their social status is higher than yours.
Korean verbs consist of a stem which carries the basic meaning -
(like), and an ending such as + as in (1), + as in (2), and so on,
which carries a grammatical function (past, present, or future, statement,
question, or request, politeness, etc.).
78
UNIT 3 ?
79
UNIT 3 ?
Situation Dialogue 2
Hyeonu is showing Minjun around Melbourne and it is about lunch time.
:
... .
? ?
, .
Bae an gopa?
You hungry?
(Lit. Arent you hungry)
Minjun:
Eo... yakgan.
Yeah, a bit.
Hyeonu:
Pija joahae?
Pizza ok?
Minjun:
Pija Geureom.
Pizza? Alright.
Hyeonu:
Pizza it is then.
(Lit. Then lets eat pizza.)
Vocabulary
hungry
what
not
pizza
yeah; oh
like
a little
of course
we
lunch
lets eat
80
UNIT 3 ?
Word Order
Language has a structure. Look at the examples below:
a)
like
pizza.
(Subject)
(Verb)
(Object)
pizza
like.
(Subject)
(Object)
(Verb)
b)
The obvious difference between them is the order of the words. Why dont
people say sentence (b)? English sentences follow a basic Subject-VerbObject pattern as in (a). The Korean pattern is Subject-Object-Verb as in (b).
The verb always comes at the end of the sentence.
Here are the Korean counterparts of I, like, and pizza:
I
like
pizza.
Now, lets say I like pizza in Korean. (subject) comes first, and then
(object) second, and (verb) last. Therefore, I like pizza in
Korean is:
1)
pizza
like
81
UNIT 3 ?
You may think you have learnt only one sentence, .
However, if we replace with (Robert), (coffee) or
(ice cream) - just a few of the words you have learnt so far - you
can already make lots of Korean sentences:
2) .
3) .
4) .
Before we go on any further, we have to learn one more thing about the above
sentence pattern. When we talk about ourselves, we usually add a topic
particle to (I) or (we). Therefore, sentences (1) - (4) could be
changed as follows:
5)
82
UNIT 3 ?
Yes/No Questions
In the previous section we learnt how to make a simple statement such as
. Turning this into a question is quite simple. You just
say ? with a rising intonation.
So if a sentence has a rising intonation at the end, it becomes a question:
a) ?
I like pizza.
You may be asking what has happened to the pronoun you in the question
form. As mentioned in Unit 1 Introducing Yourself, the equivalent Korean
pronouns of I, you, he/she, it and they are normally omitted when it is
obvious in context to whom or what you are referring. In particular, the
Korean pronoun for you is hardly ever used, unless the speakers are very
close. To use it in any other situation is very insulting. The most common
strategy when you are addressing someone is either to omit a subject
altogether, or to use the persons name instead.
For example:
(1) () ?
(Casual)
(2) , ?
(Casual)
83
UNIT 3 ?
Polite
Yes
or
No
If you like pizza, you can just say (yes), or say and repeat the verb
as in the dialogue below. In English, we can add I do as in Yes, I
do. But in Korean, simply repeat the verb.
(1)
Friend 1:
Friend 2:
, .
Yes, I do.
If you dont like pizza, you can just say (no) to your friend. You can also
add the verb, but in this case you have to use the negative of the verb (just as
in English you say no, I dont) which you can form by putting the negative
word right before the verb as in the dialogue below.
(2) Friend 1:
Friend 2:
, .
No, I dont.
84
UNIT 3 ?
Vocabulary: Food
(Fruit)
apple
strawberry
orange
watermelon
grape
grapefruit
pear
peach
tomato
persimmon
(Vegetables)
potato
cabbage
mushroom
cucumber
carrot
onion
corn
white radish
Korean cabbage
spring onion
(wombok)
(Beverages)
cola
ginseng tea
black tea
barley tea
milk
soft drinks
orange juice
green tea
coffee
beer
tea
brandy
water
whisky
85
UNIT 3 ?
/ (Meat/Seafood)
fish
beef
crab
lamb/mutton
chicken
pork
cheese
biscuit
bread
doughnut
cake
rice
chocolate
sandwich
egg
(Other)
86
UNIT 3 ?
?
What are Koreans favourite foods?
Food
Response
22.7 %
17.5 %
16.2 %
8.2 %
5.4 %
?
What are Koreans favourite drinks?
Drink
Response
65.7 %
29.5 %
21.2 %
17.7 %
13.5 %
9.7 %
(Soft Drinks)
8.6 %
(Energy Drinks)
6.6 %
(Sports Drinks)
6.2 %
87
UNIT 3 ?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(fruit shop):
(vegetable shop):
(bakery):
(butcher):
88
UNIT 3 ?
89
UNIT 3 ?
Situation Dialogue 3
Hyeonu and Minjun go to a pizza shop.
:
, ? ?
. .
Deureogaja.
Lets go in here.
Hyeonu:
Eung, wae? Neon sireo? Yep, why? Dont you like em?
(Lit. You dislike them?)
Minjun:
Eo.
Nan byeolloya.
Vocabulary
Lets go in.
[+]
you
you
dislike
olive(s)
yeah; oh
like
[+]
yeah/yep
not really
why
90
UNIT 3 ?
91
UNIT 3 ?
I like pizza.
(2)
Ilikepizza.
(3)
I l i k e p i z z a.
As you can see above, sentences are harder to read with no spaces between
the words. The spacing is made more obvious on the hand writing sheet
shown below.
92
UNIT 3 ?
Task 3: ?
Move around the classroom asking your classmates if they like the foods
below.
[ Example Dialogue]
A:
B:
, [ . ]
A:
B:
[ . ]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
93
UNIT 3 ?
Task 4: Writing
You are being asked about what foods you like and dislike. Write your
answers to the following questions according to the preferences provided
below. Use the examples 1, 2 and 7 as a model.
1. ?
, .
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. ?
10. ?
94
UNIT 3 ?
Task 5: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A ?
Do you like A?
, (A) .
, (A) .
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
child
yes
no
like
not
then
pizza
very much
spaghetti
hamburger
You will hear a teacher asking what sort of food Korean children like these
days. Put a mark 'O' next to the food they like and a mark 'X' next to the food
they do not like. Ready? Listen!
1
4
?
Unit Focus:
Asking People Where They Are Going
o Vocabulary: Places
o ()? as a Greeting
o Destination Particle + to
o Topic Particle +/
o Coming & Going: , ,
96
UNIT 4 ?
97
UNIT 4 ?
Situation Dialogue 1
Jihun and Mineo are on campus at university.
:
, ?
, ? . .
, .
Minjun:
Doseogwan.
Library.
Jihun:
A, geurae?
Oh yeah?
Nadonde.
Me too.
Gachi gaja.
Minjun:
Geurae, geureom.
Yeah, alright.
Vocabulary
/
where
library
[ go + lets] lets go
98
UNIT 4 ?
Vocabulary: Places
home
library
school
hospital
bank
the city
restaurant
market
post office
bookshop
shop
()
supermarket
airport
department store
toilet
office
coffee shop
/ pub
theatre; cinema
mart
pharmacy
cinema
convenience store
park
hairdressers
barbers
public bathhouse
public sauna
kareoke room
video room
+PC +
PC /
Internet cafe
DVD +
meeting (formal)
class
meeting / date
99
UNIT 4 ?
()? as a Greeting
In Australian English we often say How are you going as a greeting, but its
not a very serious question and a simple good or not bad is enough to reply
politely, even if youve had a really bad day. Similarly, Koreans use ?
(Are you going somewhere?) as a greeting. You dont need to give a specific
answer and can just say , ... (Yeah, just somewhere...)
(Casual)
(Polite)
(Honorific)
Note that the intonation pattern changes for depending on whether you
are using it as where? or somewhere as shown in the diagram below:
When we use ? as Where are you going?, the intonation of the last
syllable rises slightly and then falls. On the other hand, when we use
? as Are you going somewhere?, the intonation of the last syllable
rises steeply.
100
UNIT 4 ?
If you cant differentiate between these two questions, the best strategy is to
just reply ... (Just somewhere...) because someone who is not very
close to you will not ask Where are you going? in Korean.
101
UNIT 4 ?
[ place ].
A: , ? /. .
B:
, .
home
library
school
hospital
bank
the city
restaurant
market
post office
bookshop
shop
supermarket
airport
department store
toilet
office
coffee shop
pub
theatre; cinema
mart
pharmacy
cinema
kareoke room
video room
convenience store
class
meeting (formal)
meeting / date
102
UNIT 4 ?
103
UNIT 4 ?
Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo and Jihun are at a bus stop near university.
:
, ?
, ?
Minseo:
Gangnamyeoge.
Gangnam station.
Jihun:
A, geurae?
Minseo:
Neon?
You?
Jihun:
Going home.
Minseo:
Jal ga.
Jihun:
Neodo.
Vocabulary
where
to
[ I +(topic particle)] I
104
UNIT 4 ?
Note: In Korean, Where are you going? is not always answered with the
location of the place youre going to, but sometimes also the purpose. For
example, instead of saying to the pool, when someone asks where you are
going, you might just say to swim:
A: ?
B: . (Instead of )
To swim.
105
UNIT 4 ?
Destination Particle + to
When you want to say that you are going somewhere, you can use:
Place +
(Casual)
Place +
(Polite)
Im going to school.
(2) A: ?
B: .
(3) A: ()1 ?
B: () .
Im going home.
106
UNIT 4 ?
[ name ], ?
B:
[ place ].
A:
, ?
B:
A:
[ place ] .
B:
A:
/.
1.
home
12.
library
2.
school
13.
hospital
3.
bank
14.
city
4.
restaurant
15.
market
5.
post office
16.
bookshop
6.
shop
17.
supermarket
7.
airport
18.
department store
8.
toilet
19.
office
9.
coffee shop
20.
pub
10. theatre
21.
mart
11. pharmacy
22.
cinema
107
UNIT 4 ?
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
A(place) .
I'm going to A.
Verb stem + /
Let's (verb)
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
school
bank
restaurant
post office
home
shop
toilet
coffee shop
also
together
a. school
2. (Susan)
b. restaurant
3. (Paul)
c. post office
4. (Amanda)
d. home
5. (female)
e. rest room
6. (male)
f. shop
7. (male)
g. bank
8. (female)
h. coffee shop
108
UNIT 4 ?
Topic Particle +/
When the topic particle +/ is added to a noun, its general meaning is like
the English as for (noun) or with regard to (noun). +/ can be used in
many ways. In this section we will use it to describe what one person (or one
subject) is doing in contrast to another.
Rules:
(writing) or
(speaking)
Examples:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
I am studying sociology.
Paul is an Australian.
Sumi is a Korean.
UNIT 4 ?
109
110
UNIT 4 ?
111
UNIT 4 ?
Situation Dialogue 3
Paul sees Hyeonu on campus.
:
, ?
! . ?
? !
Hyeonu:
Poriguna!
Suyeongjange ga.
Neon?
You?
Paul:
Hangugeo sueop.
Korean class.
Hyeonu:
Vocabulary
?
112
UNIT 4 ?
113
UNIT 4 ?
g.
m.
b.
h.
n.
c.
i.
o.
d.
j.
p.
e.
k.
q.
f.
l.
r.
1.
shop
2.
school
11. library
3.
bank
12. hospital
4.
restaurant
13. market
5.
post office
14. bookshop
6.
home
15. supermarket
7.
toilet
8.
coffee shop
17. airport
9.
cinema
18. theatre
10. pharmacy
114
UNIT 4 ?
Task 5: Writing
Here is a list of items you need to find. Underneath is a list of useful telephone
numbers from a Korean community information booklet. Write down where
you can obtain the items. The first one is done for you.
Item
1. (dictionary)
2.
3. (Korean pickled cabbage)
4.
5.
6.
7. (Korean BBQ dish)
8. (stamp)
9. (newspaper)
10.
a.
9405-2230
h.
2327-3479
b.
4432-1110
i.
3457-5531
c.
8623-2743
j.
2348-8624
d.
3464-1336
k.
3469-1128
e.
2393-2010
l.
88
8862-7736
f.
3437-2766
m. 8905-9230
g.
9815-4340
n.
2326-3092
5
?
Unit Focus:
Talking About What You Are Doing
Talking About Your Daily Routine
116
UNIT 5 ?
117
UNIT 5 ?
Situation Dialogue 1
Minseo is at the library when she receives a call from Jihun.
:
. , ?
. .
, . .
Whatcha doin?
Minseo:
Ripoteu sseo.
Writing an assignment.
Geunde, wae?
Jihun:
Geunyang.
No reason.
Minseo:
Jihun:
Anya, geunyang.
Vocabulary
now
118
UNIT 5 ?
why
no reason
quickly
nah
UNIT 5 ?
119
120
UNIT 5 ?
+/
(Casual)
Verb Stem
+/
(Polite)
Verb Stem
+()
(Honorific)
Verb endings are quite similar to the English present tense, as in I study or
she studies. However, it is also used to indicate an action that is going on at
present, as in I am studying at the moment (as well as I am studying at
Monash University this year).
1) Casual form
When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into
121
UNIT 5 ?
one syllable:
This rule is useful when you look up unknown words in the dictionary. Dont
worry too much about having to remember these rules. The best way at this
stage is to memorize both stem and ending together.
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you
add at the end.
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb
stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
Refer to the verb table on the following pages to see the three different forms
for a range of verbs.
122
UNIT 5 ?
Stem
borrow (books)
()
()
buy (shoes)
()
(+)
()
clean (house)
()
()
dance
()
()
dislike
draw (drawing)
()
()
drink (juice)
()
()
do (homework)
()
()
()
()
get married
give
have (money)
()
()
()
()
kiss
like
listen to (music)
()
() *
love
123
UNIT 5 ?
Polite Form
+/
Honorific Form
+()
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
() *
() ?
() ?
()
()
()?
()?
()
() *
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
() *
() * () ?
() ?
124
UNIT 5 ?
English
Stem
meet (friend)
()
(+)
()
play tennis
put on (clothes)
()
()
read (book)
()
()
rest
ride (bike)
()
(+)
()
shop
sing
sleep
()
(+)
()
smoke (cigarettes)
()
()
study
take a photo
text a message
(+)
()
()
watch (television)
()
()
write (letter)
()
drop +
() *
withdraw (money)
()
()
work
125
UNIT 5 ?
Polite Form
+/
Honorific Form
+()
Question Ending
+?
Question Ending
+?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
()
()
()
?
()
?
()
?
()
?
()
()
() ?
() ?
()
()
() ?
() ?
126
UNIT 5 ?
+?
(less blunt)
Verb Stem
+?
(more blunt)
The +? ending is more blunt and tends to be used more by males and the
less blunt +? form is used more by females. The rule for constructing these
forms is quite simple: Verb Stem +?/+? as shown in the verb table in the
previous pages.
Examples:
(1) ?
?
(2) ?
?
(3) ?
?
(4) ?
?
127
UNIT 5 ?
what
Asking questions such as What do you like? or What are you doing now?
is very simple in Korean. The counterpart of what is . But you have to
remember that in Korean the pronoun you is usually omitted when it is
obvious who you are referring to. Therefore, we just put ? after
as follows:
(1) ?
(Casual)
(2) ?
(Casual)
(3) ?
(Casual)
(4) ?
(Polite)
(5) ?
(Honorific)
You can ask What are you doing now? in the same way. The counterpart of
are doing in Korean is . But to be polite to your classmates well use
.
(6) ?
(7) A: ?
128
UNIT 5 ?
B:
[ . ] , ?
A:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
129
UNIT 5 ?
Task 2: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
Noun + .
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
study
telephone
eat
listen
read
sleep
drink
put on
meet
sing
dance
see or watch
song
television
friend
clothes
juice
book
music
apple
You are going to hear a dialogue that describes various activities. Write
down the letter of the picture that describes what you hear. Ready? Listen!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
130
UNIT 5 ?
131
UNIT 5 ?
Situation Dialogue 2
Minjun and Hyeonu are on campus talking about plans for the coming
Saturday.
:
?1 .
? 2
Minjun:
Museun alba?
What job?
Waiter in a restaurant.
(Lit. Waiting tables in a restaurant.)
Minjun:
Geureom iryoireun?
Vocabulary
this
Saturday
on
what
132
UNIT 5 ?
[+ on/at/to +(emphasis)]
restaurant
in; at
well then
Sunday
yet; still
plan
is used in front of the noun that you are asking about and
means what (movie)?, what kind of (person)?, which
(colour)?.
You need to be very careful not to use (what) in these cases
because what and what something in Korean are different.
133
UNIT 5 ?
A: ?
B: .
A: ?
What job?
(instead of ?)
B: .
Waiter in a restaurant.
134
UNIT 5 ?
am
pm
morning
midday
weekdays
weekend
weekday
workday
public holiday
last week
this week
next week
last semester
this semester
next semester
/
last year
/
this year
/
next year
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
evening
night
Thursday
UNIT 5 ?
135
Time Word +
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
However, there are a few time words that are used without +:
(today)
(now)
(yesterday)
(this year)
(tomorrow)
(5)
(6) .
When two or more time words are used together, the time particle + is
attached to the last one only:
(7)
.
(8)
.
136
UNIT 5 ?
Task 3: Writing
Write your answers to the following questions according to the information
below. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have been done for you.
morning: go to university, play tennis, swim, drink coffee, eat breakfast
afternoon: come home, listen to music, drink tea
evening: read the newspaper, study Korean,
night: watch TV, write a letter, go to a night club
weekend: clean the house, do shopping, meet a friend, go to the cinema
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.
.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
137
UNIT 5 ?
Location Particle + in or at
+ is used to indicate where an activity takes place. It is equivalent to the
English in or at when used in relation to an activity. This is a distinction
that English does not make, so try to remember that when an activity is
involved, use +, not +.
Location +
Examples:
(1) .
(2)
.
I am studying Korean
at Monash University.
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .
(7) .
138
UNIT 5 ?
Task 4: Writing
Fill in an appropriate place name for the activities below.
1.
2.
.
.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
139
UNIT 5 ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
140
UNIT 5 ?
Task 6: Writing
Complete the dialogues using the pictures.
1.
(usually) ?
.
.
?
2. :
: .
.
?
:
UNIT 5 ?
3.
4.
141
.
.
.
.
142
UNIT 5 ?
143
UNIT 5 ?
Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun sees Hyeonu talking to Paul and asks who Paul is.
:
. ?
. .
? ?
?
.
.
Hyeonu:
Nuguya?
Who is e?
Geurae?
Yeah?
An himdeureo?
Himdeureo.
Its hard.
Teseuteudo mana.
Minjun:
Gwajeneun?
Hyeonu:
Gwajeneun eopseo.
No homework.
Minjun:
Hyeonu:
Vocabulary
Korean language
144
UNIT 5 ?
who
I; me
with; +()
economics
together
yeah?
class
What is it like?
not
test
too
homework
145
UNIT 5 ?
(Casual)
Noun
(Polite)
Noun
(Honorific)
When you want to ask an opinion about something (the topic), you can say
? (How is ...?) as in Hows the class? (or What is like? as
in What is Korean food like?). The answer will be like It (the class) is
hard. In English, question words like what, when, where, who, why, how
appear at the beginning of the sentence, but Korean sentence order is the same
as the answer, which means the topic comes first whether it is a question or
not . There is no is when you use these verbs. They all include is in their
meaning.
A:
?
class how is?
How is class?
B:
() .
class is hard
It is hard.
Examples:
(1) A: ?
B: .
(2) A: ?
B: , .
(3) A: ?
B: .
146
UNIT 5 ?
[ ] ?
B:
[ . ].
A:
[ ]? / [ ]?
B:
[ / . ]
difficult
hard
easy
interesting
not interesting
147
UNIT 5 ?
+/
(Casual)
Adjective Stem
+/
(Polite)
Adjective Stem
+()
(Honorific)
1) Casual form
fine (weather)
interesting/funy
delicious
148
UNIT 5 ?
When there is no final consonant, the vowels are usually combined into
one syllable:
cloudy
slow
clean
smart
So far, the rule is the exactly same to that for verbs. However, here you will
learn an irregular ending used more frequently in adjectives, which is used
when the stem ends in.
delete +
If the last vowel of the stem is not and stem ends in : delete
+
delete +
(temperature) hot
delete+
difficult
Note: + is much more common than +, so at this stage you only need to
focus on+.
149
UNIT 5 ?
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual form except that you
add at the end.
inexpensive
delicious
3) Honorific form
There are rules for forming honorific form depending on whether the verb
stem ends in a consonant or vowel.
busy
interesting/funy
delete + beautiful
Dont worry too much about having to remember these rules. The best way at
this stage is to memorize both stem and ending together, as mentioned earlier.
Refer to the adjective table on the following pages to see the three different
forms for a range of adjectives.
150
UNIT 5 ?
Stem
bad
drop +
beautiful
drop +
boring
busy
drop +
inexpensive
cold
drop +
cute
drop +
delicious
difficult
drop +
easy
drop +
expensive
fun (enjoyable)
good
good-looking
+*
hate/dislike
hot (spicy)
drop +
numerous
pretty
drop +
sick
drop +
tasteless
151
UNIT 5 ?
Polite Form
+/
Honorific Form
+()
Question Ending
+?
Question Ending
+?
Note: Those with the question mark ? are used only in questions.
152
UNIT 5 ?
but; however
so; therefore
Examples:
(1) A: ?
B: . ?
(2) A: ?
B: , .
(3) A: .
B: , .
(4) A: ?
B: .
.
Whatcha doing?
Writing an assignment. Why?
(5) .
.
153
UNIT 5 ?
Task 8: Writing
You are conducting market research. Make your own questionnaire about
what people do on weekends. The first two are done for you.
(Questionnaire)
(age):
(sex)
(female)
(male)
(occupation):
1. ?
2. ?
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
!
154
UNIT 5 ?
6
?
Unit Focus:
Talking About the Time
Making Appointments
Talking About Class Timetables
+ Let's
o + + from till
o Suggestions 2
156
UNIT 6 ?
157
UNIT 6 ?
Situation Dialogue 1
Minjun asks Hyeonu if he wants to have lunch after class.
:
.
.
. .
Hyeonu:
Eo.
Yep.
Minjun:
Museun sueop?
What class?
Hyeonu:
Junggugeo
Chinese.
Minjun:
Whens it finish?
Hyeonu:
Yeol dusi.
Twelve.
Minjun:
Jal dwaetda.
Good.
Geurae. Geureoja
Vocabulary
today
class
158
?
UNIT 6 ?
[ have; there is +(very casual ending often used among boys)]
D you have?
yep
twelve oclock
together
lunch
yeah; really
159
UNIT 6 ?
Destination particle +
.
Im going to uni.
Location particle +
.
Im studying Korean
at Monash.
Time Particle +
.
I have an exam
tomorrow morning.
Topic particle +/
.
Im a Monash student.
160
UNIT 6 ?
(2)
(3)
(4)
A: ?
B: .
Action movies.
A: ?
B: .
A novel.
A: ?
B: , .
A: ?
B: .
Its nothing.
Note that can also mean any depending on its context as in (5).
(5)
A: ?
B: , ?
No, why?
161
UNIT 6 ?
what
() where
when
who
Korean
accounting
Chinese
business management
English
economics
French (or )
education
German
finance
geography
Indonesian
Japanese
law
Latin
linguistics
Thai (or )
mathematics
Vietnamese
physics
examination
politics
homework
science
Korean history
as )
(or )
162
UNIT 6 ?
one oclock
two oclock
three oclock
four oclock
five oclock
six oclock
seven oclock
eight oclock
nine oclock
ten oclock
eleven oclock
twelve oclock
Pure Korean numbers are also used to express a duration of a certain number
of hours:
two hours
163
UNIT 6 ?
(2)
A: ?
B: .
A: ?
(3)
B: .
One hour.
A: ?
(4)
(5)
B: .
A: ?
B: .
Shes sixteen.
A: ?*
B: .
( is pronounced myeon-myeong-i-e-yo.)
(6)
A: ?
B: .
164
(7)
UNIT 6 ?
A: ?*
B: .
( is pronounced myeo-dweol.)
165
UNIT 6 ?
Task 1: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
It's A o'clock.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
Pure Korean numbers up to 12
You are going to hear a dialogue on the time. " ?"
"5" Find the clock that shows the time you hear. Put a mark ' ' in that
clock. Ready? Listen!
166
UNIT 6 ?
h.
o.
b.
i.
p.
c.
j.
q.
d.
k.
r.
e.
l.
s.
f.
m.
t.
g.
1.
Korean
2.
n.
11.
economics
English
12.
linguistics
3.
Germa n
13.
Chinese
4.
Japanese
14.
Korean
history
5.
mathematics
15.
politics
6.
physics
16.
geography
7.
accounting
17.
Vietnamese
8.
finance
18.
Australian
history
9.
science
19.
Indonesian
10.
education
20.
law
167
UNIT 6 ?
() [ / ] /?
[ / ]?
[ / ].
[ ].
Time
Name
Subject/Type of Work
8:00 - 9:00
9:00 -10:00
10:00 -11:00
11:00 -12:00
12:00 - 1:00
1:00 - 2:00
2:00 - 3:00
3:00 - 4:00
4:00 - 5:00
168
UNIT 6 ?
Suggestions 1: + Lets
When you want to make a suggestion that involves both you and the person
you are talking to in a casual style, add the ending + to the verb stem:
Verb Stem +
(Casual)
(1) .
Lets go together.
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) .
(6) .
Lets eat.
(7) .
(8) .
(9) .
UNIT 6 ?
169
170
UNIT 6 ?
171
UNIT 6 ?
Situation Dialogue 2
Jihun asks Minseo whether she wants to go hagwon after class.
:
.
?
, .
Minseo:
Eo.
Yep.
Jihun:
When?
Minseo:
Jihun:
kkeunnaneunde.
galkka?
together?)
Geurae, geureom.
Yeah, alright.
Minseo:
Vocabulary
today
class
172
UNIT 6 ?
what time
three oclock
from
five oclock
until
[ me + too] me too
together
yeah; indeed
UNIT 6 ?
173
174
UNIT 6 ?
+ + from till
When we want to show a starting point in time, we add the particle + to
the starting time. For the finishing time we add +.
(1)
A: ?
B: .
(2)
until 4.
A: ?
B: .
(3)
A: ?
B:
.*
A: ?
B:
.
175
UNIT 6 ?
[ / ] ?
B:
/.
A:
B:
[ ] [ ].
1.
2.
3.
12
23
6.
5.
7 11
4.
45
7.
8 10
56
8.
9 12
10 12
[ / ] ?
B:
/.
A:
B:
[ . ]
176
UNIT 6 ?
Task 5: Writing
It is 12 oclock on a Thursday. Use the table of opening times below to
complete the dialogues. Write down the times in Korean. The first one is done
for you.
4337-2766 Mon.-Sat.:9am-9pm
1.
A:
B:
(Hello)?
(today) (till what time) (are you open)?
A:
B:
(I see). (Thanks).
UNIT 6 ?
2.
3.
4.
A:
B:
? ?
177
A:
B:
A:
B:
? ?
A:
B:
A:
B:
?
?
A:
B:
.
. .
178
UNIT 6 ?
+()?
(Casual)
Verb Stem
+()?
(Polite)
Rules:
Shall we meet?
+ ?
Shall we sit?
Examples
(1) A: ?
B: , .
(2) A: ?
B: .
(3) A: ?
B: .
(4) A: ?
B: ?
.
179
UNIT 6 ?
(5) A: ?
B: .
(6) A: ?
B: ?
180
UNIT 6 ?
[ ] ?
B:
[ ]?
(of course).
A:
, [ ] ?
B:
, .
()
Korean food
()
Chinese food
French food
Indian food
Italian food
()
Japanese food
Malaysian food
Spanish food
Thai food
Vietnamese food
181
UNIT 6 ?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
182
UNIT 6 ?
183
UNIT 6 ?
Situation Dialogue 3
Paul wants Hyeonu to study with him tomorrow.
:
?
.
.
?
. .
Geureom naeireun?
Tomorrows okay.
Paul:
gongbuhaja.
tomorrow.
Hyeonu: Joa.
Geureom naeil bwa.
Vocabulary
today
hours; time
184
UNIT 6 ?
[ have; there is +(casual present tense ending)] have
class
tomorrow
topic particle
we
together
library
185
UNIT 6 ?
You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of
the schedule below. You start the conversation.
B:
You are arranging a time to meet a friend tomorrow. First, fill in half of
the schedule below. You partner starts the conversation.
10
11
12
12
[ Example Dialogue]
A: [ ] ?
B: [ ] ? .*
[ . ]
A: [ ]?
B: [ ] .
(*() means Its a bit difficult. It is a gentle way of
indicating that you cannot accept someone elses suggestion.
Pronunciation: kol-lan-han-de-yo.)
186
UNIT 6 ?
Task 9: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A ?
, A .
A(the time) ?
It's O.K.
It's fine.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
time
today
tomorrow
o'clock
yes
(male)
3
4
(Susan)
(female)
6
7
(Paul)
(female)
9
10
(Amanda)
11
12
(male)
187
UNIT 6 ?
[ ] (any plan) ?
B:
, ?
A:
(shall we see)?
B:
? (great).
A:
B:
[ movie title ] ?
A:
. ?
B:
A:
, . [ ] .
The Host
(2006)
2.
(2005)
3.
Brotherhood
(2004)
4.
Haeundae
(2009)
5.
Silmido
(2003)
6.
Friend
(2001)
7.
Welcome to Dongmakgol
(2005)
8.
May 18
(2007)
9.
(2006)
188
UNIT 6 ?
, A .
A ?
.
How about A?
It's O.K.
It's fine.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
then
today
tomorrow
time
yes
no
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
189
UNIT 6 ?
g.
m.
b.
h.
n.
c.
i.
o.
d.
j.
p.
e.
k.
q.
f.
l.
+ +
r.
1.
Monday
10.
afternoon
2.
Tuesday
11.
morning
3.
Wednesday
12.
today
4.
Thursday
13.
tomorrow
5.
Friday
14.
yesterday
6.
Saturday
15.
what month
7.
Sunday
16.
what day
8.
appointment
17.
from till
9.
what time
18.
class
190
UNIT 6 ?
7
?
Unit Focus:
Talking about Past Events
192
UNIT 7 ?
193
UNIT 7 ?
Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu introduces his friend, Kim Minjun, to Paul.
:
, ?
, .
. .
.
.
, .
?
.
Eo, wasseo?
Hyeonu:
Orae gidaryeosseo?
Paul:
Hyeonu:
Insahae.
Nae chinguya.
Ireumeun kimminjun.
This is my friend.
Yeogi gyohwan
haksaengeuro wasseo.
Annyeonghaseyo,
Paul:
Paul smithimnida.
Minjun:
Annyeonghaseyo?
deureosseoyo.
Hyeonu.
194
UNIT 7 ?
Vocabulary
oh; yeah
a long time
nah
a moment ago
my friend
name
here
from (a person)
a lot
Note: In English we say come from ... using the present tense (). But in
Korean we have to use the past tense () since the act occurred in the
past.
.
195
UNIT 7 ?
+/
(Casual)
+/
(Polite)
+()
(Honorific)
1) Casual form
You have already learnt the present tense ending +/. To create a past
tense verb or adjective, simply use the past tense ending +/ instead:
(Present)
(Past)
lived
went
was/were inexpensive
came
196
UNIT 7 ?
was/were interesting/funy
When the stem ends in a vowel, the vowel is usually combined with +:
gave
was/were cloudy
was/were big
studied
was/were happy
If the stem ends in the consonant and the last vowel is not : delete
+
delete +
was/were easy
If the stem ends in the consonant and the last vowel is : delete
+
delete +
was/were fair/pretty
2) Polite form
Polite form is constructed in the same way as casual from except that you add
at the end.
197
UNIT 7 ?
3) Honorific form
To create the honorific past tense form, instead of the present tense form
+/, you add +/ to the verb stem.
studied
met
went
came
was busy
was smart
read
was funy
was good
198
UNIT 7 ?
delete
was/were
beautiful
delete
was/were
cute
You also need to remember a special set of honorific verbs and adjectives:
ate
was (there)
spoke; said
slept
passed away
was/were ill
Refer to the verb and adjective tables in the appendices to see the three
different forms for a range of verbs and adjectives.
UNIT 7 ?
199
200
UNIT 7 ?
Task 2: Listening
(EXPONENT)
/ ?
A(region) .
I'm from A.
A ?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
which
country
where
+
China
Australia
came
Germany France
Japan
from
U.K.
You are going to hear an immigration officer asking people what country
they come from. Choose the picture that shows the nationality that you hear
and write the number of the dialogue in the top row of the table. Ready?
Listen!
Canberra
Melbourne
Sydney
Adlaide
Brisbane
Berlin
Hamburg
Bremen
Hanover
Leipzig
Paris
Rouean
Orlans
Nantes
Lyon
London
Manchester
Liverpool
Birmingham
Glasgow
Tokyo
Osaka
Kyoto
Shimonoseki
Yokohama
Beijing
Shanghai
Guangzhou
Nanjing
Harbin
201
UNIT 7 ?
1.
4.
[ 1]
2.
3.
5.
6.
[ 2]
A: ?
A: ?
B: .
B: .
A: ?
A: ?
B: .
B: .
202
UNIT 7 ?
Task 4: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
Verb stem + /
Verb+ed
Noun +
did Noun
A (o'clock) B (o'clock)
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
yesterday
when
what
in the evening
with(people)
and
in
()
ate dinner
()
slept
did
friend
()
rang
cinema house
()
had a walk
()
read a book
()
listened to music
203
UNIT 7 ?
()
played piano
() watched television
()
saw a movie
There was a murder last night. A detective questions each member of the
victim's household about his or her activities on the night of the murder.
Listen carefully and note down each person's activities in the appropriate
spaces on the time grid. You can either use the letter which corresponds to
each activity or the underlined words as shown in the notes from the first
dialogue. Ready? Listen!
b. () .
c. () .
d. () .
e. () .
f. () .
g. () .
h. () .
i. .
1.
Mary
2.
Tom
3.
Harry
4.
Jane
7 8
8 9
9 10
1011
11 12
204
UNIT 7 ?
205
UNIT 7 ?
Situation Dialogue 2
Hyeonu and Paul talk about why they havent finished their assignments.
:
, . ?
.
?
.
.
? ?
. .
Ripoteu da haesseo?
Paul:
Neon?
Hyeonu:
Paul:
Hyeonu:
Paul:
isseotgeodeun.
kkeunnaesseo?
Gamgi ttaemune.
Geurae?
Yeah?
Ije gwaenchannya?
You OK now?
Eung. Da naasseo.
206
UNIT 7 ?
Vocabulary
all; in total
nah
yet; still
yesterday
friend
birthday party
why
a cold
because of
continuously
now
yeah
UNIT 7 ?
207
208
UNIT 7 ?
last night.
(2) .
.
(3)
.*
(* is pronounced mon-man-na-yo.)
(4) .2
.
(*In English we use the word didnt rather than the word couldnt.
But in Korean, if there is some external reason why you did not do
something, you always use the negative word . When you use , it
implies that you intentionally chose not to do something. Thus, is
used far more often than can not is used in English.)
(5) A: ?
B:
, .*
evening. So I couldnt.
( is pronounced mo-taess-o*-yo.)
209
UNIT 7 ?
. .
2. . ________ .
3. (have a peanut allergy).
________ .
4. (want to buy).
(but) (money) . ________ .
5. (I have a stomach ache). ______ .
6. (sings well).
______ .
7. . (but) ______ .
8. .
______ (send a text message/SMS).
9. A: ______ .
B: . .
10. A: ?
B: , . ______ (not answering the telephone).
210
UNIT 7 ?
+/ (Past)
A: ?
B: ,
.
(2)
A: ?
B: .
.
(3)
A: ?
B: .
.
211
UNIT 7 ?
Excuse
English
1.
2.
I slept.
3.
I was sick.
4.
5.
My computer crashed.
6.
7.
8.
212
UNIT 7 ?
213
UNIT 7 ?
Situation Dialogue 3
Minseos mum asks whether she has already eaten when she comes home.
:
?
.
, .
? ?
! . .
Akka ohue
jeonhwahaesseonneunde.
Minseo: Geurae? Geuttae doseogwaneseo
Mum:
gongbuhago isseosseo.
library.
Jeonyeok meogeosseo?
Had dinner?
Minseo: Eung.
Yeah.
Mum:
Honja meogeosseo?
Mum:
Mum! No!
I ate with Yeongmi.
214
UNIT 7 ?
Vocabulary
that time
dinner
yeah
alone
nah
who
boyfriend
mum
nah
215
UNIT 7 ?
+
and; with
(When the phrase + () is attached to a person, it means
(together) with. You can omit and it means much the
same thing.
A: ?
B: .
I live in Shinsa-dong.
A: ?
216
UNIT 7 ?
The sentences can describe two independent actions as in the first example, or
two actions in a time sequence as in the second example. Note that when the
subjects of the two sentences are different, you use the particle +/ since
you are contrasting them as in (1).
As in English, you can also combine these sentences and make them into one.
To do this, instead of using , you add the ending + to the first verb:
(3) *
.
217
UNIT 7 ?
Even though the two sentences in (4) are past tense, when we join them with
+, we dont use the past tense form in the first clause, but only in the final
clause. The ending + carries the grammatical function of past tense from
the final verb to the first verb, so it is just added to the verb stem.
(5)
As you can see from example (5), you can also use + to link clauses that
end in an adjective, and the rule is exactly the same as for verbs.
More examples:
(6)
.
(7)
.
(8)
(9)
(This structure can also be used to emphasise that you did not just do the
second action, but did something first. For example, a mother might ask
her son Have you had dinner? upon his arrival at home in the evening,
to which he could reply . to emphasise that he ate before
coming home.)
Refer to the verb and adjective table in the appendices.
218
UNIT 7 ?
.
. (petite and pretty)
. .
219
UNIT 7 ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
220
UNIT 7 ?
Task 8: Reading
Read and translate this letter Michael wrote to his teacher after he arrived in
Korea.
,
.
.
9 1 .
. !
.
! .
.
.
10 .
........
9 1 .
.
2008 9 10
Vocabulary
[ I(humble)+(topic particle)] I
UNIT 7 ?
221
+ +
from till
very
[ I(humble)+(subject particle)] I
too (much)
[ eat+ and]
10
Yours Sincerely
222
UNIT 7 ?
. .
.
. Rain .
.
. (Valentines Day)
. Rainy day .
.
. !
UNIT 7 ?
223
Vocabulary
[ I+(possessive particle)] my
school/uni holiday
[ friend ] friends
every day
and; with
a lot
224
UNIT 7 ?
j.
b.
k.
c. /
l.
d. /
m.
e.
n.
f.
o.
g.
p.
h. .
q.
i.
r.
1.
yesterday
10.
when
2.
in the
morning
11.
in the
afternoon
3.
in the
evening
12.
at night
4.
ate dinner
13.
studied
5.
drank tea
14.
went for
a walk
6.
listened to
music
15.
played
piano
7.
rang
16.
read a book
8.
saw a
movie
17.
slept
9.
was
interesting
18.
watched
television
Unit Focus:
Ordering in a Caf or Restaurant
226
UNIT 8
227
UNIT 8
Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu is very thirsty and looking for a cold beer.
:
. .
, .
? .
.
~ .
.
Wasseo?
Minjun:
Youre here.
Yeah. Its much hotter than I
A, mok malla.
Mul masyeo.
Minjun:
Maekju? Eopseo.
Beer? Nope.
(Lit. Theres isnt any.)
228
UNIT 8
Vocabulary
?
weather
water
instead of
beer
just; simply
229
UNIT 8
Yes, we do.
or
B: , .
No, we dont.
Examples:
(1) A: ?
B: , .
(2) A: ?
(3)
B: ,
No, we dont.
A: ?
B: , .
No, I dont.
(4) A: ?
B: ?
(5) A: ?
B: , .
You can see from the latter examples that this phrase has a wide application not just asking for things in shops.
230
UNIT 8
You are cooking for a party and find out that youve forgotten to buy the
items below. Ask each of your neighbours in turn if they have what you
need, until you have borrowed all of the items.
B:
Divide up the six items below with your fellow neighbours. This is all
that you have to lend.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
[ ]
A: [ ] ?
B:
, . / .
(When B replies that s/he doesnt have the item, s/he uses the term
. Although the meaning is the same as , the ending is
softer and more polite. Pronunciation: eom-neun-de-yo.)
UNIT 8
Task 2: Writing
Answer the questions about what is in the refrigerator according to the
picture. The first two have been done for you.
1.
A: ?
B: , .
2.
A: ?
B: .
3.
A: ?
B:
4.
A: ?
B:
5.
A: ?
B:
6.
A: ?
B:
7.
A: ?
B:
8.
A: ?
B:
9.
A: ?
B:
10.
A: ?
B:
231
232
UNIT 8
Task 3: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A(things) ?
Have we got A?
(A) /.
We have/haven't got A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
yes
no
apple
orange
potato
mushroom
fish
crab
carrot
corn
grape
coke
beer
milk
cheese
bread
cake
egg
chicken
beef
Korean cabbage
orange juice
You will hear Susan ask whether or not the following items are in the
fridge. However, is quite playful. She does not always tell the truth.
Mark TRUE or FALSE according to whether or not she tells the truth.
Ready? Listen!
233
UNIT 8
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
(TRUE)
(FALSE)
234
UNIT 8
235
UNIT 8
Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo and Jihun are at a coffee shop and Minseo wants to have Patbingsu.
:
. , .
, .
.
... .
. .
Mwo masillae?
Jihun:
Patbingsu?
Patbingsu?
Jihun:
Yeogiyo!
Jihun:
Patbingsu dwaeyo?
236
UNIT 8
Staff:
Jamsimanyo.
Staff:
Joesonghamnida, sonnim.
Oneureun patbingsuga an
customer.)
doemnida.
juseyo.
coffee, please?
Jihun:
Staff:
Algetseumnida.
iced coffees.
Vocabulary
what
ice coffee
nah; nup; no
customer; guest
UNIT 8
237
two cups
238
UNIT 8
+/
(Casual)
Verb Stem
+/
(Polite)
+?/?
(Casual)
Verb Stem
+?/?
(Polite)
Verb Stem
+?/?
(Very Polite)
When using this pattern, the sentence subject must be I, we or you and
cannot be she, he, or they.
1) Casual and polite forms
()
will drink
+ ()
()
will wait
()
will eat
* + ()
()
will listen to
? (+?)
+ ?
239
UNIT 8
? (+?)
* + ?
The very polite form +()? is used only in questions. Also note that
we have to use the very polite word , in place of (eat) and (drink),
which cannot take +().
Examples:
(1) A: ?
B: .
(2) A: ?
B: .
(3) A: ?
B: .
(4) A: ?
B: .
(5) A: ?
B: . .
.
240
UNIT 8
B:
[ ].
, [ ] .
?
A:
[ ].
(Beverages)
1.
cola
2.
beer
3.
milk
4.
orange juice
5.
coffee
6.
tea
7.
water
8.
whisky
9.
black tea
10.
ginseng tea
11
soft drinks
12.
green tea
241
UNIT 8
[ ] ?*
B:
, .
[ ] .
A:
... [ ] .
Note: ... ? means Is ... available? but it can also be used for Is ...
allowed and is used in the phrase ? (Can I pay by card?).
is the formal style version of .
(Beverages)
1.
cola
2.
beer
3.
milk
4.
orange juice
5.
coffee
6.
tea
7.
water
8.
whisky
9.
black tea
10.
ginseng tea
11
soft drinks
12.
green tea
242
UNIT 8
Counting Nouns
Korean commonly uses counting nouns for counting objects with numbers.
An example of a counting noun, (oclock), was introduced in unit 6. An
example of an English counting noun is the word cup when we say Ill have
two cups of coffee rather than Ill have two coffees.
In English, however, these are mainly used with uncountable or mass
nouns, for example, two loaves of bread instead of two breads or three
pieces of furniture instead of three furnitures. (Note that in Korean all
nouns must be used in their singular form when a number is specified.)
(1) .
(2) .
Give me 1 apple.
The use of counting nouns in English is very limited. However, Korean has a
wide range of different counting nouns. can be used with most objects,
though it must not be used for people.
For people, use , or . and are interchangeable and are both
neutral terms for counting people. is an honorific form and should be used
for elders, customers, seniors, etc. For example, when customers arrive at a
restaurant:
(3) : ?
:
243
UNIT 8
The list below shows the counting nouns that you are most likely to need in
everyday conversation, so you should memorise these.
Item
Counting
Noun
Example
(1)
oclock
one oclock
(2)
hours
two hours
(3)
months
three months
(4)
age (years)
(5)
people
five students
(6)
people (honorific)
five customers
(7)
general things
six apples
(8)
cups
seven cups of
coffee
(9)
bottles
eight bottles of
beer
eleven sheets of
paper
244
UNIT 8
This list shows less frequently used counting nouns and is provided for you to
refer to when necessary.
Item
Counting
Example
Noun
(11)
animals
nine cows
(12)
books
ten books.
(13)
pencils
twelve pencils
(14)
shoes, socks
thirteen pairs of
shoes
(15)
suits (clothes)
fourteen suits
(16)
cars
fifteen cars
(17)
trees
sixteen trees
(18)
letters
seventeen letters
245
UNIT 8
Task 6: Writing
Compile a shopping list from the information on the right. Make sure you use
the appropriate counting nouns. The first one has been done for you.
a.
oranges
1.
b.
apples
2.
c.
eggs
10
3.
d.
beer
4.
e.
whisky
5.
f.
cakes
6.
g.
bread
7.
h.
carrots
8.
246
UNIT 8
Task 7: Writing
You need to buy the items in the box for a party:
apples -10
pears - 5
beer - 8 bottles
coke - 7 bottles
wine - 1 bottle
2. 2nd
: .
: ?
: , .
: ,
247
UNIT 8
3. 1st
: .
: ?
: , .
: ,
?
: . .
: ,
4. 2nd
: .
: ?
: , .
: ,
?
: , .
: ,
?
: .
5. 3rd
: .
: ?
: , .
: ,
248
UNIT 8
Task 8: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A(things) ?
A /.
I have/haven't got A.
A(things) .
Give me A, please.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
yes
no
then
apple
bread
coke
whisky
beer
brandy
orange juice
UNIT 8
249
1. ; in a fruit shop
2. ; in a small supermarket
3. ; in a bottle shop
250
UNIT 8
251
UNIT 8
Situation Dialogue 3
Minjun, Hyeonu and Paul are at a Korean restaurant in Melbourne.
: . ?
:
: .
, .
.
: , .
.
.
: . ?
:
, .
: , .
Minjun:
Ne.
Yes.
Staff:
Ijjogeuro oseyo.
Jumun hasigetseumnikka?
252
Minjun:
UNIT 8
Bibimbap hana, gimchijjigae
dul juseyo.
jjigae please.
Staff:
Ne, algetseumnida.
Yes, certainly.
(Lit. Yes, I understand.)
Masitge deuseyo.
Staff:
juseyo.
eopseuseyo?
Paul:
Anyo,gwaenchanayo.
Staff:
Ne, algetseumnida.
Okay then.
Vocabulary
.
three people
+?
is it?
(+/ is the honorific form of +/.)
UNIT 8
253
one
kimchi stew
two
meat
here
water
one cup
only
254
UNIT 8
no
yes
255
UNIT 8
(Formal)
(Casual)
(Formal)
(Casual)
().
Im full.
[A] ?
256
UNIT 8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Examples:
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
Note that the object does not change to a plural form when there is more than
one, unlike in English.
257
UNIT 8
(5a) .
(5b) .
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
258
UNIT 8
10
259
UNIT 8
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 1 to 10. Circle the
number that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.5 b.9
2. a.7 b.10
3. a.2 b.8
4. a.9 b.3
5. a.1 b.6
6. a.3 b.8
7. a.3 b.9
8. a.3 b.1
9. a.7 b.5
You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the number that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
260
UNIT 8
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
You are going to hear pure Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the
number that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.15 b.14
2. a.17 b.13
3. a.11 b.18
4. a.19 b.13
5. a.11 b.16
6. a.18 b.19
7. a.15 b.13
8. a.12 b.17
9. a.12 b.15
261
UNIT 8
B:
Customer: You are ordering fast food for you and your friends. Decide
the quantities of each item that you will order from the menu below and
write it down. Order the items from the shop assistant.
[ ]
A: . (Welcome. Lit. Please come in right away)
? (What can I get you?)
B: .
A: , , ?
B: , . (Yes, thats right)
262
UNIT 8
Note that there is no space between the first noun and the particle, but there is
a space between the particle and the second noun (not , but
). We use + most often in conversation.
Examples:
(1) : .
: ,
(2) A: ? .
B:
(3) .
(4)
( )
263
UNIT 8
. ?
.
?
, , .
, . ?
264
UNIT 8
Give me A please.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
coke
coffee
orange juice
milk
9
?
Unit Focus:
Asking for and Giving Prices
Asking for a Discount
o How much?
o Sino-Korean Numbers
o Telling the Time: # minutes
o am/are/is not
o Rate and Ratio Particle + per
o Delimiter Particle + only
o Demonstrative Pronouns: , , and
o Vocabulary: Colour Terms
o Vocabulary: Consumer Items
266
UNIT 9 ?
267
UNIT 9 ?
Situation Dialogue 1
Jihun and Minseo are at a fast food restaurant.
:
Jihun:
juseyo.
please.
Jihun:
Eolmayeyo?
Assistant: Gucheonwonimnida.
268
UNIT 9 ?
Vocabulary
what
[ give(honorific)+?shall I?]
Shall I give ?
bulgogi burger
meal
two
9,000 won
10,000 won
1,000 won
UNIT 9 ?
269
270
UNIT 9 ?
am/are/is not
1) +/ (am/are/is)
In unit 1 you have learned +/ to say A is B when B is a noun and
not an adjective. Remember that this ending must be added to the end of a
noun, pronoun or wh-question word.
Noun+()
(Casual)
Noun+/
(Polite)
Noun+()
(Honorific)
Noun+
(Polite, formal)
Noun+()
(Honorific, formal)
Rules:
If it ends in a consonant: +
.
2)
If you want to say that A is not B, then you use .
Noun
(Casual)
Noun
(Polite)
Noun
(Honorific)
Noun
(Polite, formal)
Noun
(Honorific, formal)
271
UNIT 9 ?
However in this case, we do not write it as an ending attached to the noun, but
as a separate word:
.
Examples:
(1) A:
Is s/he a Korean?
, .
(2) A:
B:
, ?
B:
from?
(3) A:
B:
(4) A:
B:
Its 10 dollars.
?*
(5) A:
B:
.*
(* is pronounced hang-nyeon.)
(6) A:
B:
272
UNIT 9 ?
(7) A:
B:
* .
(Pronounced jong-no.)
(8) A:
B:
273
UNIT 9 ?
How much?
You learned the meaning of - how many, or what when used with
numerical nouns such as time/age/date/floor etc. - in Unit 6. Now we
will look at the word which has a similar meaning, but different usage.
(2) ?
(3) ?
Note that there is no noun after , but simply the verb meaning is. This
construction can always be equated to How much is? In the simple form
above, it is used to ask the price of something, but the word price is not used
in the sentence. So when asking about prices, always use , and for now,
use for asking about all other quantities or amounts.
274
UNIT 9 ?
Sino-Korean Numbers
Sino-Korean numbers are used in cases where numbers are more abstract. As
such, they are used for dates, telephone numbers, bus numbers, amounts of
money including prices, minutes when telling the time, room numbers, floors
of a building, measurements of weight, height, and so on.
/ 0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
10
20
30
40
100
200
300
400
1000
2000
3000
4000
10000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
50
20000
Examples:
year
1995
month name
January
weeks
three weeks
minutes
four minutes
currency
five won
floor
building number
building no. 7
room number
room no. 8
275
UNIT 9 ?
Note 1: Koreans typically express the first four (or three) digits of a phone
number as one number, followed by , and then the last four digits as
another number, before finally adding . However, Koreans are increasingly
expressing phone numbers as a series of digits, as in English.
More examples:
(1)
(2)
A: ?
B: .
A: * ?
When is Chuseok?
B: .
Its August 15
in the lunar calendar.
276
UNIT 9 ?
(4) A: ?
B: .*
B: .
(6) A: .
3 weeks.
B: ?
A: .
Note that it is important to remember for which items you must use pure
Korean numbers and in which cases you must use Sino-Korean numbers.
Eventually you should not have to think about which number system to use.
Normally, numbers are written using digits and not spelled out in Hangul. So
when a number is written as, for example, 24, you need to know whether to
read it as or as to avoid sounding like a foreigner!
277
UNIT 9 ?
Task 1: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
/
zero
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 0 to 10. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.4 b.5
2. a.10 b.3
3. a.2 b.8
4. a.9 b.3
5. a.1 b.6
6. a.3 b.8
7. a.3 b.9
8. a.3 b.1
9. a.0 b.8
You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
278
UNIT 9 ?
Task 2: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 11 to 20. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a.15 b.14
2. a.17 b.13
3. a.12 b.18
4. a.19 b.13
5. a.11 b.16
6. a.18 b.19
7. a.15 b.13
8. a.11 b.17
9. a.12 b.15
279
UNIT 9 ?
Task 3: Listening
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
ten
twenty
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
(a) hundred
You are going to hear Sino-Korean numbers from 10 to 100. Circle the
numbers that you hear. Ready? Listen!
1. a. 40
b. 90
2. a. 30 b. 70
3. a. 20 b. 80
4. a. 50
b. 90
5. a. 60 b. 30
6. a. 70 b. 80
7. a. 40
b. 30
8. a. 10 b. 90
9. a. 50 b. 30
10. a. 100
b. 90
You are going to hear the numbers again. However, this time write down
the numbers that you hear, if possible, in Korean. Ready? Listen!
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
280
UNIT 9 ?
Task 4: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first
one has been done for you.
a. ball-point pen
150
b. cigarette
c. ice cream
d. cheeseburger
1. : ?
: .
2. : ?
: .
3. : ?
: .
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
281
UNIT 9 ?
Customer: You are in a coffee shop. There is a menu on the table but
there are no prices. Ask the waiter/waitress the price of each item and
fill in the menu below. When you have all the prices, order a drink.
When you have finished, show your partner what you have written to
check if youve got the prices correct. Refer to the dialogue below.
B:
Waiter: You are serving a customer in a coffee shop. Decide what you
would like to charge for your coffees.
[ ]
:
[ ] ?
2,500 .
, [ ]?
MENU
282
UNIT 9 ?
Task 6: Listening
(EXPONENT)
A .
Give me A, Please.
A (price) .
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
ice cream
cheeseburger
hamburger
coke
coffee
milk
indian tea
and
French fries
sum
283
UNIT 9 ?
1.
2.
284
3.
UNIT 9 ?
4.
285
UNIT 9 ?
Task 7: Writing
Complete the dialogue: You are looking for a newspaper at a kiosk.
1. :
2. :
3. :
4. :
5. :
. (Welcome)
? (What are you looking for?)
, .
, .
286
UNIT 9 ?
3:15
To say a specific time, including how many minutes past, simply add the
number of minutes followed by the word (minutes) after the hour, so you
have something like three oclock and fifteen minutes.
Examples:
(1) A: ?
B: .
(2) A: ?*
B: .
( is pronounced "kkeunnayo".)
287
UNIT 9 ?
Task 8: Listening
You are going to hear more dialogue on the time. " ?"
"12 30." Write down the time that you hear in Korean. Ready?
Listen!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
. 10.
11.
. 12.
288
UNIT 9 ?
289
UNIT 9 ?
Situation Dialogue 2
Minseo is buying fruit at a market.
:
, , ?
: .
:
, ?
: .
:
, ?
: .
:
. .
: , .
:
... , .
eolmayeyo?
Minseo:
Geureom, i podoneun
eotteoke haeyo?
then?
Minseo:
Geureomyeon, baeneunyo?
pears?
Shopkeeper: Han gaee samcheon
wonindeyo.
Minseo:
Neomu bissayo.
290
UNIT 9 ?
pears, please.
Vocabulary
?
1,000 won
[ how ?do?]
How much ? (Lit. How do sell (per bunch or per kilo?))
too
a bit
only; just
three units
UNIT 9 ?
291
292
UNIT 9 ?
1 10
Examples:
(1) :
:
(2) :
(3) :
:
that pork?
.
(600g ( ) is often used (rather than 1 kilogram or 500 grams)
because it approximates an old Korean measure.)
(4) :
:
293
UNIT 9 ?
: ,
.
(2) : .
, .
Here it is.
(3) :
All right.
to the party?
, .
(4) :
294
UNIT 9 ?
(5) :
(part-time) on Saturdays as
well?
, .
295
UNIT 9 ?
Task 9: Writing
Read the dialogues and write down the prices next to each article. The first
one has been done for you.
1.
2.
3.
a. book
15,000
b. camera
c. apple
d. pear
e. grapes
, , ?
, ?
, ?
296
UNIT 9 ?
You are in a greengrocers. Ask the shop assistant the prices of the fruit
below and write them down in the appropriate blanks. When you have
finished, show your partner what you have written to check if you have
the prices correct.
B:
You are a shop assistant in a greengrocers. Decide the price you would
like to receive for each item.
[ ]
A:
, / ?
B:
A:
B:
() .
A:
, () .
kg
kg
UNIT 9 ?
297
298
UNIT 9 ?
299
UNIT 9 ?
Situation Dialogue 3
Minseo is buying a sweater at a department store.
:
.
... , ?
. ?1
, .
eolmayeyo?
Assistant Sippalman wonindeyo.
Minseo
Jom bissaneyo.
Eum...geureom, i ppalgan
seuweteoneunyo?
sweater then?
Minseo
Minseo
Here it is.
Maeume deuseyo?
Ne, yeppeuneyo.
Yes, it is pretty.
300
UNIT 9 ?
Vocabulary
black
sweater
180,000 won
this
red
95,000 won
please; a bit
301
UNIT 9 ?
this book
this (one)
here
that book
that (one); it
there
that book
that (one)
over there
which book
which (one)
where
Examples:
(1) A:
B:
(2) A:
B:
? ?
: .
: LG ?
: .
302
UNIT 9 ?
colour
white
black
red
blue
yellow
green
/ 2
pink
orange
grey
brown
purple
violet
gold
silver
rainbow (, , , , , (indigo), )
Note 1:
Note 2:
Note 3:
303
UNIT 9 ?
1. black sweater
2. brown sweater
5. white sweater
6. grey sweater
3. red sweater
4. orange sweater
9. violet sweater
B:
You are a shop assistant. Decide what prices you would like to charge
for the sweaters.
[ ]
:
. , ?
. ?
, .
304
UNIT 9 ?
refrigerator
television
washing machine
electric heater
vacuum cleaner
bed
desk
sofa
bookcase
computer
mobile phone
MP3
MP3 player
( )
digital camera
electronic dictionary
watch
leather shoe
handbag
ring
necklace
earring
305
UNIT 9 ?
e.
i.
b.
f.
j.
c.
g.
k.
d.
h.
l.
1.
shoes
2.
bed
3.
7.
watch
8.
sofa
bookcase
9.
ring
4.
television
10.
refrigerator
5.
desk
11.
handbag
6.
earrings
12.
necklace
306
UNIT 9 ?
A/?
How about A?
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
refrigerator
bed
desk
sofa
bookcase
then
colour television
I see
thank you
thousand
ten thousand
Sumi has come to Seoul to go to a university and has rented a flat. She
needs lots of household items. She has decided to buy second hand furniture.
Now, she is calling to find out the prices of some items shown in the
advertisement below. Write down the price next to each item that you hear.
Ready? Listen!
307
UNIT 9 ?
(3.0kg)
2 3
3
6985-7643 100 x 200 cm
80x150cm
(5)
3 5
4 2
5388-9155
6 386DX40
MP3
4387-2513
7556-3440
8565-3740
10
FM/AM
75
7
70
8
9 5
3736-1884
50
308
UNIT 9 ?
309
UNIT 9 ?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
310
UNIT 9 ?
UNIT 9 ?
311
Vocabulary
[ I(humble)+(topic particle)] I
lunch
+/
object particles
at; in
well; and
+ +
from to
312
UNIT 9 ?
with
(caf) latte
my
So; therefore
10
?
Unit Focus:
Talking About Yourself and Your Family
314
UNIT 10 ?
315
UNIT 10 ?
Situation Dialogue 1
Hyeonu introduces Minjun to Paul who is younger than both of them.
:
.
?
, . ?
2 .
92 .
, 89 .
Eodiseo baewosseoyo?
Hangugeo jeongonghaeyo.
Im majoring in Korean.
myeot hangnyeonieyo?
I hangnyeonindeyo.
Im in second year.
Paul:
316
Paul:
UNIT 10 ?
Geureom hyeongineyo.
Minjun: Geureoge.
Paul:
Is that alright?
Paul:
Of course.
Geureomyo.
Vocabulary
Korean (language)
really
now
am/are/is
if by any chance;
92
born in 92
317
UNIT 10 ?
[ we+(topic particle)] we
thats right
Note 1: In Korea, students dont talk about studying Arts or Science, but
identify themselves by their department.
Note 2: Asking a person's age is quite common in Korea as they need to
know the hierarchy and status for using right form of speech.
Asking which year someone was born in is the most common way
to ask about age. However, when people feel uneasy to ask
someones age, they ask what Asian zodiac animal he or she is. As
there are twelve zodiac animals, it isnt difficult to then guess the
persons age.
Note 3: Koreans would not normally thank a person for a compliment as in
English, because it is considered immodest. Instead, they might say
(I still cant do it well) or (far
from doing it well).
Example
A: .
B: .
318
UNIT 10 ?
The first way is normally used in everyday speech. The second is used in
more formal situations, such as filling out forms:
(1) .
(2) :
Name: Susan
Age: 20 years
: 20 () .
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
50
60
70
30
40
80
90
UNIT 10 ?
319
320
UNIT 10 ?
kindergarten
primary school
university
middle school
postgraduate school
Level of Study
first year
fourth year
second year
masters course
third year
Ph.D course
321
UNIT 10 ?
Task 1: ?
You are going to ask about the year of university and age of your classmates.
First you should check the vocabulary list below to find how to say the level
of study relevant to yourself. Now move around the class asking questions to
the other students, filling in the table below.
[ ]
A:
B:
[ 3 ] .
?
A:
/ [ 2 ] , [ 91 ] .
Note: Someone who was born in the year 2000 would have to say
whereas someone born in 1987 can simply use the two last digits:
.
Level of Study
first year
fourth year
second year
masters course
third year
Ph.D course
Name ()
Level ()
Age ()
322
UNIT 10 ?
323
UNIT 10 ?
Situation Dialogue 2
Paul is asking Minjun how he knows Hyeonu.
:
, . , ?
... ?
, .
, .
?
. ?
Hyeonu?
Paul:
Dong mwoyo?
Fellow what?
Oh, fellow alumni.
We went to high school together.
324
Paul:
UNIT 10 ?
A, geureokuna. Geunde
danyeosseoyo?
Minjun: Korea Univ.
Korea University.
Paul:
Jeongongeunyo?
Business management.
Gyeongjehago hangugeoyo.
Vocabulary
+()
with
nah, I mean (used when correcting what you have just said)
how
fellow alumni
casual form of +
together
UNIT 10 ?
325
what; which
university (or )
Korea University
major
()
business management
()
economics
and
Korean (language)
326
UNIT 10 ?
Faculty of Arts
Faculty of Science
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Business
Faculty of Education
Department of Economics
Note: To talk about a particular Major of Study, the above vocabulary is used
without (Department): (economics major).
327
UNIT 10 ?
Task 2: ?
Fill in the blanks of the example dialogue below with an appropriate response.
If you dont know the name of your major in Korean, you can refer to the list
of faculties and departments on the previous page. The department names can
be made into subject names by taking off the . Now move around the class
introducing yourself to the other students and filling in the table below.
[ ]
A:
B:
[ ]().
A:
B:
[ ]().
A:
[
[
Name ()
] .
]/.
Major ()
328
UNIT 10 ?
Word Contractions
Koreans, like Australians, like to shorten words by contracting them. This is
particularly noticeable with university names as shown below:
or (Australia)
Victoria University
Vic Uni
University of Queensland
UQ
It is also common to use contractions for the library names at university since
there is usually more than one:
(Main Library)
(Science Library)
UNIT 10 ?
329
330
UNIT 10 ?
331
UNIT 10 ?
Situation Dialogue 3
Paul is asking Minjuns family details.
:
... ?
. . ? ?
?
... , .
, . . .
, .
Jibi seourieyo?
Minjun: Eo~
Yeah.
Paul:
Where in Seoul?
Seoul eodiyo?
Paul:
Anieyo. Geunyang
gunggeumhaeseoyo.
Gajogeunyo? Da gachi sarayo?
Paul:
A, geureokuna.
Paul:
332
UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary
no reason
Seoul
am/are/is
yeah
S(h)insa Dong
but why?
just
UNIT 10 ?
,
333
already
time
I; me (humble)
I have to go
yes; okay
334
UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary: Family
father
mother
younger brother
son
younger sister
daughter
first
husband
second
wife
third
grandmother
youngest child/sibling
grandfather
cousin
uncle
auntie
by ones self
UNIT 10 ?
335
336
UNIT 10 ?
Task 3: / ?
Ask your partner about his or her siblings. Circle the right kinship term in the
cells below and write down their ages.
[ ]
A: / ?
B: , / , .
A: , ?
B: .
A: / ?
B: .
A: ?
B: .
Relationship
Age
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
337
UNIT 10 ?
h.
b.
i.
c.
j.
d.
k.
e.
l.
f.
m.
g.
1.
father
2.
mother
3.
daughter
4.
son
5.
husband
6.
wife
7.
younger sister
8.
9.
338
UNIT 10 ?
Topic Particle
+/
+/
(Plain)
(Honorific)
Examples:
(1)
(2)
Grandfather is reading
the newspaper.
(3)
(4)
America.
(5)
(6)
on Korean history.
UNIT 10 ?
339
340
UNIT 10 ?
Possessive Pronouns
When we want to refer to the fact that something belongs to somebody in
English, we use possessive pronouns such as my, our, your, his, her,
and their. How you use the corresponding Korean words depends on styles
of speech. This is illustrated in the following table:
my
our
your
his/her
whose
Casual
Humble
Honorific
(2)
A:
B:
Its my book.
A:
B:
Its mine.
However, in Korean you dont often use the 2nd or 3rd person possessive
pronouns. In such cases you just link the item and persons name:
(3) : ?
: . .
UNIT 10 ?
341
As seen in (3), Koreans often use (our) when they mean (my). This
reflects the importance of the group in Korean culture. A Korean will refer to
his or her parents, school and company as , and
respectively. A man may even refer to his wife as (lit. our
house person). However, if you were talking about something which is yours
personally and not the groups (other than your spouse!), you would use or
, as in examples (1) and (2).
342
UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary: Occupations
nurse
novelist
public prosecutor
poet
police officer
chemist
public servant
fisherman
miner
cook
teacher
driver
professor; lecturer
banker
soldier
musician
technician
doctor
farmer
writer
dancer
politician
attorney
judge
secretary
painter; artist
business man
office worker
343
UNIT 10 ?
Task 5: ?
Use what you have learnt to talk about the members of your family and what
they do with a partner.
Relationship
Occupation
344
UNIT 10 ?
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
345
UNIT 10 ?
(9)
(10)
(11)
If you were asking about a junior or a child, you would ask such questions in
a more direct way such as:
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
346
UNIT 10 ?
You are a bank teller. You work in the new accounts section. A
customer wants to open a new account. Fill in the form below and show
your partner what you have written when you finish.
B:
You are in a bank to open a new account. Answer the bank tellers
questions. When finished, check that s/he has got all the information
correct.
[ ]
A:
B: .
A: ?
B: [ ].
A: ?
B: [ ].
A: ?
B: [ ],
[ ].
A: ?
B: [ ].
347
UNIT 10 ?
Task 7: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
/?
A B .
It's the B of A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
year
birthday
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
10
October
11
November
12
December
Sino-Korean numbers up to 31
Listen to these people saying when their birthdays are. Circle the day of
the month each person was born and write down the number of the dialogue
next to it. Ready? Listen!
348
UNIT 10 ?
Task 8: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?
(Honorific Expression)
What is your name?
A/.
I'm A.
/?
A B C.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
name(colloquial form)
honorific form of
written form of
birthdate
thousand
hundred
You will hear a dialogue in which a bank clerk is asking people names and
birthdates for a new account. Write down their birthdates on the correct form
below. Ready? Listen!
The last form (No. 6) is for you. The clerk will ask you your name and date
of birth. Tell them to the clerk and write them down on the form. Ready?
Listen!
349
UNIT 10 ?
Task 9: Listening
(EXPONENT)
?,
A.
?/ ?
A(number) .
?
A.
(ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY)
over there
that
person
who
age
occupation
then
counting unit for age
lawyer
doctor
computer
engineer
politician
colloquial form of
what
is at a party and is asking her friend about people whom she does not
know. Write down their ages and occupations in the appropriate blanks.
Ready? Listen!
350
UNIT 10 ?
()
exam
(2)
()
teacher
(3)
()
(4)
()
sorry
(5)
()
game
(6)
()
Saturday
(7)
()
laughing
(8)
()
laughing
(9)
(^o^)
laughing or excited
(10)
^^
happy or smiles
(11)
^-^
happy or smiles
(12)
^__^
happy or smiles
(13)
^^
happy or smiles
(14)
crying
(15)
>_<
angry
(16)
>.<
angry
UNIT 10 ?
351
.
87 , .
2 .
.
.
, . ^-^
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. !
352
UNIT 10 ?
Vocabulary
my
87
[ I(humble)+(topic particle)] I
very
UNIT 10 ?
353
together
so; therefore
[ restaurant+(to)] to restaurants
often
sometimes; occasionally
[ do casual work
(present tense form)] do/does casual work
but
money
[ need] need
354
UNIT 10 ?
TRANSCRIPT
OF
LISTENING
TASKS
356
Unit 1, Task 3
Unit 1, Task 6
(Dialogue) 1
(Dialogue) 1:
Seonyeong: ,
Thomas: ,
.
Thomas: , .
.
Sumi:
,
.
(Dialogue) 2
Susan:
(Thomas: L; Sumi S)
Yeongjin: , .
(Dialogue) 2
Susan:
Yeongjin: ,
Yeongjin : .
.
Susan: , .
(Dialogue) 3
(Yeongjin: S; Susan: L)
Paul: .
Sumi: .
.
Paul: .
.
Sumi: .
(Dialogue) 4
Minseop: .
.
Amanda: ,
.
Minseop: .
(Dialogue) 3
Paul: ,
.
Teacher: , .
(Paul: L; Teacher: S)
(Dialogue) 4
Minseop: ,
.
Amanda: ,
.
(Minseop: L; Amanda: L)
357
Unit 2, Task 2
Unit 2, Task 4
1.
2.
-, -, -, -,
3.
4.
-, -, -, -,
5.
6.
-, -, -, -,
7.
8.
-, -, -, -,
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Unit 2, Task 5
-, -, -, -,
Unit 2, Task 2
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -
Unit 2, Task 3
-, -, -, -,
-, -, -, -,
Unit 2, Task 7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
358
7.
8.
(Dialogue) 2
9.
10.
: ?
11.
2: , .
12.
: , ?
13.
14. 15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
2: ,
.
: , ?
20. 21.
2: , .
22.
: , ?
2: , .
Unit 3, Task 5
: , ?
(Dialogue) 1
2: , .
: ?
: ,
1: , .
: , ?
?
2: , .
1: , .
: , ?
(Dialogue) 3
1: , .
: ?
: , ?
3: , .
1: ,
: , ?
3: , .
: , ?
: , ?
1: , .
3: , .
: ,
?
1: , .
.
: ,
?
3: , .
359
Unit 4, Task 3
(Dialogue) 1
: , .
: , .
?
: , .
?
: .
?
: .
: .
: .
.
Unit 5, Task 2
(Dialogue) 1
A : ?
(Dialogue) 2
B : .
: , .
: , .
?
: .
(Dialogue) 2
A : ?
B : .
: .
.
(Dialogue) 3
A : ?
(Dialogue) 3
B : .
: , .
: , .
.
: ?
(Dialogue) 4
A : ?
B : .
: .
?
: .
(Dialogue) 5
A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 4
: , .
(Dialogue) 6
360
A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 7
A : ?
2.A : ?
B : .
B : .
3.A : ?
(Dialogue) 8
B : .
A : ?
B : .
4.A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 9
A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 10
A : ?
5.A : ?
B : .
6.A : ?
B : .
B : .
7.A : ?
(Dialogue) 11
B : .
A : ?
B : .
8.A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 12
A : ?
B : .
Unit 6, Task 1
9.A : ?
B : .
10.A : ?
361
: , , .
11.A : ?
B : .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: , .
12.A : ?
B : .
(Dialogue) 4
: , .
Unit 6, Task 9
: , .
(Dialogue) 1
: ?
: ?
: , .
?
: , .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: , .
Unit 6, Task 11
: ?
(Dialogue) 1
: , .
: , .
: , .
(Dialogue) 2
: ?
: , .
: , .
: , , .
: ,
: ?
: , .
?
: , .
: ?
: , .
(Dialogue) 2
: , .
(Dialogue) 3
: , .
: , , .
: ?
362
: , .
: ,
?
(Dialogue) 2
I.O. : ?
2: .
: , .
(Dialogue) 3
(Dialogue) 3
: , .
I.O. : ?
3: .
: , , .
: ?
: ,
: ,
(Dialogue) 4
I.O. : ?
4: .
?
: , .
(Dialogue) 5
I.O. :
(Dialogue) 4
5: .
: , .
: , .
(Dialogue) 6
: ?
I.O. :
: , .
6: .
: ,
?
: , .
1: .
I.O : ?
1: .
363
I.O : ?
6: .
2: .
I.O : ?
Unit 7, Task 4
2: .
(Dialogue) 1
: ?
(Dialogue) 3
I.O. : ?
3: .
detective
:
.
I.O : ?
: ?
3: .
:
.
(Dialogue) 4
I.O. : ?
4: .
: ?
:
.
I.O : ?
: ?
4: .
:
.
(Dialogue) 5
I.O. : ?
5: .
: ?
:
.
I.O :
?
5: .
(Dialogue) 2
: ?
:
(Dialogue) 6
I.O. :
6: .
.
: ?
:
364
: ?
:
.
: ?
:
.
: ?
:
.
(Dialogue) 4
: ?
: .
: ?
:
.
: ?
:
(Dialogue) 3
: ?
: .
: ?
: ?
.
: ?
:
.
: ?
:
: ?
:
.
: ?
:
.
.
: ?
:
Unit 8, Task 3
1. A : ?
B : , .
2. A : ?
365
16. A : ?
3. A : ?
B : , .
B : , .
17. A : ?
4. A : ?
B : , .
B : , .
5. A : ?
B : , .
6. A : ?
18. A : ?
B : , .
19. A : ?
B : , .
B : , .
20. A : ?
7. A : ?
B : , .
B : , .
8. A : ?
Unit 8, Task 8
B : , .
(Dialogue) 1
9. A : ?
B : , .
10. A : ?
B : , .
11. A : ?
B : , .
12. A : ?
B : , .
( ; in a fruit shop)
: .
: ?
: , .
: ?
: , .
: ,
.
13. A : ?
B : , .
14. A : ?
B : , .
15. A : ?
B : , .
(Dialogue) 2
(;
in a small supermarket)
: .
: ?
366
: , .
17.
18.
: ?
20.
19.
: , .
.
: ,
Unit 8, Task 11
1.
2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(Dialogue) 3
( ;
Unit 8, Task 14
in a bottle shop)
(Dialogue) 1
: .
: .
: ?
: .
: , .
: ?
(Dialogue) 2
: , .
: .
: ,
.
(Dialogue) 3
: .
Unit 8, Task 10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
?
:
.
10.
Unit 9, Task 1
11.
12.
14. 15.
13.
1.
2.
3.
16.
4.
5.
6.
367
8.
10.
11.
9.
:
.
: .
12.
13.
14.
: ?
15.
16.
17.
: .
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
(Dialogue) 2
: .
Unit 9, Task 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
: .
7.
8.
9.
: ?
10.
: .
Unit 9, Task 3
(Dialogue) 3
1.
2.
3.
: .
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
.
: .
11.
12.
13.
: ?
14.
15.
16.
: .
17.
18.
19.
20.
(Dialogue) 4
: .
Unit 9, Task 6
(Dialogue) 1
: .
368
: .
: ?
9.A : ?
B : .
: .
10.A : ?
Unit 9, Task 8
B : .
1. A : ?
B : .
11.A : ?
B : .
2.A : ?
B : .
12.A : ?
B : .
3.A : ?
B : .
Unit 9, Task 13
1. : ?
4.A : ?
1 : .
B : .
2. : ?
5.A : ?
2 : .
B : .
3. : ?
6.A : ?
B : .
3 : .
: ,
?
7.A : ?
3 : .
B : .
4. : ?
8.A : ?
B : .
4 : .
: ?
369
B : .
.
: , .
.
9. A : ?
B : .
10. A : ?
B : .
B : .
11. A : ?
2. A : ?
B : .
B : .
12. A : ?
3. A : ?
B : .
B : .
(Dialogue) 1
A : ?
B : .
5. A : ?
B : .
A : ----.
?
6. A : ?
B : .
7. A : ?
B : .
B :
.
(Dialogue) 2
A : ?
B : .
8. A : ?
A : ----.
370
?
B :
.
The last form is for you. The
(Dialogue) 3
A : ?
B : .
A : ----.
?
B :
.
(Dialogue) 4
A : ?
B : _______
_______ ______.
B : .
A : ----.
?
B :
.
(Dialogue) 5
A : ?
: ?
: .
B : .
A : ----.
2. : ,
3. : ,
?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
4. : ,
?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
371
372
APPENDIX
374
APPENDIX
The Korean words for handsome, old (human being), old (things), thin
(people) and ugly are often used with , so this has been added to the
stems of each (stem+):
APPENDIX
375
376
APPENDIX
rule
Rule
rule
rule
rule
rule
rule
APPENDIX
rule
377
rule
rule
rule
command, is used.
command, is used.
rule
378
APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Copular be
Present Tense (is and are)
be
be not
Casual
Question
Casual
Question
Casual
Polite
Honorific
+?
+?
+?
+?
be
be not
Casual
Question
Casual
Question
Casual
Polite
Honorific
+?
+?
+?
+?
be
be not
Casual
Question
Casual
Question
Casual
Polite
Honorific
(+ )
(+ )
be
be not
Present
Past
Future (Suppostition)
(+())
+()
(+ ())
+()
+()
+ ()
()
()
379
APPENDIX
be
be not
be
be not
be
be not
Formal
Statement
Formal
Statement
Honorific
Formal
Question
Formal
Question
Honorific
(+)
(+?)
+?
+?
+?
Formal
Statement
Formal
Statement
Honorific
Formal
Question
Formal
Question
Honorific
+?
+?
+?
+?
Formal
Statement
Formal
Statement
Honorific
Formal
Question
Formal
Question
Honorific
(+ )
With + ending
be
be not
Present
Past
Future (Suppostition)
(+ )
380
APPENDIX
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
+()
ask
()
build
()
buy
()
call
()
choose
()
clean
()
come
()
cook
()
()
dance
()
()
do
()
draw
()
drink
()
eat
()
give
()
go
()
go regularly
()
help
()
leave
()
listen
()
live
()
marry
()
meet
()
order
()
381
APPENDIX
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
Formal Statement
382
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Polite
Honorific
+/
+()
play
()
quit (job)
()
quit (smoking)
()
read
()
rest
()
sing
()
sit down
()
sleep
()
smoke
()
speak
()
stand up
()
start
()
study
()
swim
()
take (vehicle)
()
talk
()
wait
()
walk
()
watch
()
wear
()
wear (shoes)
()
work
()
write
()
383
APPENDIX
Formal
Statement
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
Formal Question
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
384
APPENDIX
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
+()
ask
()
build
()
buy
()
call
()
choose
()
clean
()
come
()
cook
()
()
dance
()
()
do
()
draw
()
drink
()
eat
()
give
()
go
()
go regularly
()
help
()
leave
()
listen
()
live
()
marry
()
meet
()
order
()
385
APPENDIX
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
Formal Statement
386
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
+()
play
()
quit (job)
()
(smoking)
()
read
()
rest
()
sing
()
sit down
()
sleep
()
smoke
()
speak
()
stand up
()
start
()
study
()
swim
()
take (vehicle)
()
talk
()
wait
()
walk
()
watch
()
wear
()
wear (shoes)
()
work
()
write
()
quit
387
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
388
APPENDIX
Casual
Polite
Honorific
+()
+()
+()
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook
()
dance
()
do
draw
drink
eat
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
389
APPENDIX
Formal Question
+()
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+() ?
Formal Question
Honorific
+() ?
Formal Statement
390
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Polite
Honorific
+()
+()
+()
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
391
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+()
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+() ?
Formal Question
Honorific
+() ?
392
APPENDIX
+()() ?
I want to /
Do you want to?
+()()
Shall we?
ask
()
()
build
()
()
buy
()
()
call
()
()
choose
()
()
clean
()
()
come
()
()
cook
()
()
()
dance
()
()
()
do
()
()
draw
()
()
drink
()
()
eat
()
()
give
()
()
go
()
()
go regularly
()
()
help
()
()
leave
()
()
listen
()
()
live
()
()
marry
()
()
meet
()
()
order
()
()
393
APPENDIX
I will
+()()
I will
(Very Polite Formal)
+
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
394
APPENDIX
Stem
Shall we?
+()() ?
I want to /
Do you want to?
+()()
play
()
()
quit (job)
()
()
quit (smoking)
()
()
read
()
()
rest
()
()
sing
()
()
sit down
()
()
sleep
()
()
smoke
()
()
speak
()
()
stand up
()
()
start
()
()
study
()
()
swim
()
()
take (vehicle)
()
()
talk
()
()
wait
()
()
walk
()
()
watch
()
()
wear
()
()
wear (shoes)
()
()
work
()
()
write
()
()
395
APPENDIX
Would you like to?
(Honorific)
+()?
I will
+()()
I will
(Very Polite Formal)
+
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
396
APPENDIX
Lets
+
and
+
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook
()
dance
()
do
draw
drink
eat
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
397
APPENDIX
Stem
Lets
+
and
+
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
398
APPENDIX
and / but
(present)
+()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
ask
()
()
()
build
()
()
()
buy
()
()
()
call
()
()
()
choose
()
()
()
clean
()
()
()
come
()
()
()
cook
()
()
()
()
dance
()
()
()
()
do
()
()
()
draw
()
()
()
drink
()
()
()
eat
()
()
()
give
()
()
()
go
()
()
()
go regularly
()
()
()
help
()
()
()
leave
()
()
()
listen
()
()
()
live
()
()
()
marry
()
()
()
meet
()
()
()
order
()
()
()
399
APPENDIX
& +() ()
Stem
and / but
(present)
+()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
play
()
()
()
quit (job)
()
()
()
quit (smoking)
()
()
()
read
()
()
()
rest
()
()
()
sing
()
()
()
sit down
()
()
()
sleep
()
()
()
smoke
()
()
()
speak
()
()
()
stand up
()
()
()
start
()
()
()
study
()
()
()
swim
()
()
()
take (vehicle)
()
()
()
talk
()
()
()
wait
()
()
()
walk
()
()
()
watch
()
()
()
wear
()
()
()
wear (shoes)
()
()
()
work
()
()
()
write
()
()
()
400
APPENDIX
Its because
(present)
+()
Its because
(past)
+/()
Its because
(future)
+() ()
ask
()
()
()
build
()
()
()
buy
()
()
()
call
()
()
()
choose
()
()
()
clean
()
()
()
come
()
()
()
cook
()
()
()
()
dance
()
()
()
()
do
()
()
()
draw
()
()
()
drink
()
()
()
eat
()
()
()
give
()
()
()
go
()
()
()
go regularly
()
()
()
help
()
()
()
leave
()
()
()
listen
()
()
()
live
()
()
()
marry
()
()
()
meet
()
()
()
order
()
()
()
401
APPENDIX
&+() ()
Stem
Its because
(present)
+()
Its because
(past)
+/()
Its because
(future)
+()
play
()
()
()
quit (job)
()
()
()
quit (smoking)
()
()
()
read
()
()
()
rest
()
()
()
sing
()
()
()
sit down
()
()
()
sleep
()
()
()
smoke
()
()
()
speak
()
()
()
stand up
()
()
()
start
()
()
()
study
()
()
()
swim
()
()
()
take (vehicle)
()
()
()
talk
()
()
()
wait
()
()
()
walk
()
()
()
watch
()
()
()
wear
()
()
()
wear (shoes)
()
()
()
work
()
()
()
write
()
()
()
402
APPENDIX
Present
+/
Past
+/
Future
+()
ask
build
buy
call
choose
clean
come
cook
()
dance
()
do
draw
drink
eat
give
go
go regularly
help
leave
listen
live
marry
meet
order
403
APPENDIX
I want to
+()
I will
+()
404
APPENDIX
Stem
Present
+/
Past
+/
Future
+()
play
quit (job)
quit (smoking)
read
rest
sing
sit down
sleep
smoke
speak
stand up
start
study
swim
take (vehicle)
talk
wait
walk
watch
wear
wear (shoes)
work
write
405
APPENDIX
Shall we?
+()?
I want to
+()
I will
+()
406
APPENDIX
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
afraid
()
bad
()
beautiful
()
big
()
boring
()
bright
()
busy
()
cheap
()
clean
()
close
()
cloudy
()
cold(thing)
()
cold
()
complicated
()
cool
()
cute
()
dangerous
()
dark
()
deep
()
delicious
()
+()
407
APPENDIX
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
Formal Statement
408
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
difficult
()
diligent
()
dirty
()
easy
()
expensive
()
far
()
fat
()
fine(weather)
()
fun
()
good
()
handsome
()
happy
()
happy
()
hate/dislike
()
heavy
()
high
()
hot
()
hot (spicy)
()
hot
()
()
+()
(enjoyable)
(temperature)
interesting
(fun )
409
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
410
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
()
kind
()
lazy
()
light
()
long
()
low
()
narrow
()
noisy
()
numerous
()
old (people)
()
old (thing)
()
pretty
()
quick
()
quiet
()
sad
()
salty
()
shallow
()
short
()
sick
()
slim
()
interesting
+()
(attention)
411
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
412
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
Question
+?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
slow
()
small
()
small
()
smart
()
strong
()
tall
()
tasteless
()
thick
()
thin (people)
()
thin (thing)
()
thirsty
()
tired
()
ugly
()
warm
()
weak
()
wide
()
young
()
+()
(quantity)
413
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
414
APPENDIX
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
afraid
()
bad
()
beautiful
()
big
()
boring
()
bright
()
busy
()
cheap
()
clean
()
close
()
cloudy
()
cold (thing)
()
cold
()
complicated
()
cool
()
cute
()
dangerous
()
dark
()
deep
()
delicious
()
+()
415
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
416
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
difficult
()
diligent
()
dirty
()
easy
()
expensive
()
far
()
fat
()
fine
(weather)
fun
(enjoyable)
good
()
()
()
handsome
()
happy
()
()
happy
hate/dislike
()
heavy
()
high
()
hot
()
hot (spicy)
()
hot
(temperature)
interesting
(fun )
()
()
+()
417
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
418
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
()
kind
()
lazy
()
light
()
long
()
low
()
narrow
()
noisy
()
numerous
()
old (people)
()
old (thing)
()
pretty
()
quick
()
quiet
()
sad
()
salty
()
shallow
()
short
()
sick
()
slim
()
interesting
+()
(attention)
419
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
420
APPENDIX
Stem
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
Question
+/?
Casual
(Polite)
+/()
Honorific
slow
()
small
()
small
()
smart
()
strong
()
tall
()
tasteless
()
thick
()
thin
()
thin (thing)
()
thirsty
()
tired
()
ugly
()
warm
()
weak
()
wide
()
young
()
+()
(quantity)
(people)
421
APPENDIX
Formal Statement
Formal Question
+/
Formal Statement
Honorific
+()
+/?
Formal Question
Honorific
+()?
422
APPENDIX
Supposition
Casual
+()
Supposition
Polite
+()
afraid
bad
beautiful
big
boring
bright
busy
cheap
clean
close
cloudy
cold(thing)
cold
complicated
cool
cute
dangerous
dark
deep
delicious
423
APPENDIX
Supposition
Honorific
+()
Supposition
Polite Formal
+()
Supposition
Honorific Formal
+()
424
APPENDIX
Stem
Supposition
Casual
+()
Supposition
Polite
+()
difficult
diligent
dirty
easy
expensive
far
fat
fine(weather)
fun (enjoyable)
good
handsome
happy
happy
hate/dislike
heavy
high
hot
hot (spicy)
hot (temperature)
interesting (fun )
425
APPENDIX
Supposition
Honorific
+()
Supposition
Polite Formal
+()
Supposition
Honorific Formal
+()
426
APPENDIX
Stem
Supposition
Casual
+()
Supposition
Polite
+()
kind
lazy
light
long
low
narrow
noisy
numerous
old (people)
(future)
+ (supposition)
old (thing)
(future)
+ (supposition)
pretty
quick
quiet
sad
salty
shallow
short
sick
slim
interesting
(attention)
427
APPENDIX
Supposition
Honorific
+()
Supposition
Polite Formal
+()
Supposition
Honorific Formal
+()
/
*
428
APPENDIX
Stem
Supposition
Casual
+()
Supposition
Polite
+()
slow
small
small (quantity)
smart
strong
tall
tasteless
thick
thin(people)
thin(thing)
thirsty
tired
ugly
warm
weak
wide
young
429
APPENDIX
Supposition
Honorific
+()
Supposition
Polite Formal
+()
Supposition
Honorific Formal
+()
430
APPENDIX
and
+
Exclamation
+()
afraid
()
bad
()
beautiful
()
big
()
boring
()
bright
()
busy
()
cheap
()
clean
()
close
()
cloudy
()
cold(thing)
()
cold
()
complicated
()
cool
()
cute
()
dangerous
()
dark
()
deep
()
delicious
()
431
APPENDIX
Stem
and
+
Exclamation
+()
difficult
()
diligent
()
dirty
()
easy
()
expensive
()
far
()
fat
()
fine(weather)
()
fun (enjoyable)
()
good
()
handsome
()
happy
()
happy
()
hate/dislike
()
heavy
()
high
()
hot
()
hot (spicy)
()
hot (temperature)
()
interesting (fun )
()
432
APPENDIX
Stem
and
+
Exclamation
()
kind
()
lazy
()
light
()
long
()
low
()
narrow
()
noisy
()
numerous
()
old (people)
()
old (thing)
()
pretty
()
quick
()
quiet
()
sad
()
salty
()
shallow
()
short
()
sick
()
slim
()
interesting
+()
(attention)
433
APPENDIX
Stem
and
+
Exclamation
+()
slow
()
small
()
small (quantity)
()
smart
()
strong
()
tall
()
tasteless
()
thick
()
thin(people)
()
thin(thing)
()
thirsty
()
tired
()
ugly
()
warm
()
weak
()
wide
()
young
()
434
APPENDIX
and / but
(present)
+()()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
afraid
()
()
()
bad
()
()
()
beautiful
()
()
()
big
()
()
()
boring
()
()
()
bright
()
()
()
busy
()
()
()
cheap
()
()
()
clean
()
()
()
close
()
()
()
cloudy
()
()
()
cold(thing)
()
()
()
cold
()
()
()
complicated
()
()
()
cool
()
()
()
cute
()
()
()
dangerous
()
()
()
dark
()
()
()
deep
()
()
()
delicious
()
()
()
435
APPENDIX
and / but
(present)
+()()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
difficult
()
()
()
diligent
()
()
()
dirty
()
()
()
easy
()
()
()
expensive
()
()
()
far
()
()
()
fat
()
()
()
fine(weather)
()
()
()
fun (enjoyable)
()
()
()
good
()
()
()
handsome
()
()
()
happy
()
()
()
happy
()
()
()
hate/dislike
()
()
()
heavy
()
()
()
high
()
()
()
hot
()
()
()
hot (spicy)
()
()
()
hot (temperature)
()
()
()
interesting (fun )
()
()
()
436
APPENDIX
Stem
and / but
(present)
+()()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
()
()
()
kind
()
()
()
lazy
()
()
()
light
()
()
()
long
()
()
()
low
()
()
()
narrow
()
()
()
noisy
()
()
()
numerous
()
()
()
old (people)
()
()
()/
interesting
(attention)
()
old (thing)
()
()
()
()
pretty
()
()
()
quick
()
()
()
quiet
()
()
()
sad
()
()
()
salty
()
()
()
shallow
()
()
()
short
()
()
()
sick
()
()
()
slim
()
()
()
437
APPENDIX
Stem
and / but
(present)
+()()
and / but
(past)
+/()
and / but
(future)
+() ()
slow
()
()
()
small
()
()
()
small (quantity)
()
()
()
smart
()
()
()
strong
()
()
()
tall
()
()
()
tasteless
()
()
()
thick
()
()
()
thin(people)
()
()
()
thin(thing)
()
()
()
thirsty
()
()
()
tired
()
()
()
ugly
()
()
()
warm
()
()
()
weak
()
()
()
wide
()
()
()
young
()
()
()
438
APPENDIX
Its because
(present)
+().
Its because
(past)
+/()
Its because
(future)
+() ()
afraid
()
()
()
bad
()
()
()
beautiful
()
()
()
big
()
()
()
boring
()
()
()
bright
()
()
()
busy
()
()
()
cheap
()
()
()
clean
()
()
()
close
()
()
()
cloudy
()
()
()
cold(thing)
()
()
()
cold
()
()
()
complicated
()
()
()
cool
()
()
()
cute
()
()
()
dangerous
()
()
()
dark
()
()
()
deep
()
()
()
delicious
()
()
()
439
APPENDIX
Its because
(present)
+().
Its because
(past)
+/()
Its because
(future)
+() ()
difficult
()
()
()
diligent
()
()
()
dirty
()
()
()
easy
()
()
()
expensive
()
()
()
far
()
()
()
fat
()
()
()
fine(weather)
()
()
()
fun (enjoyable)
()
()
()
good
()
()
()
handsome
()
()
()
happy
()
()
()
happy
()
()
()
hate/dislike
()
()
()
heavy
()
()
()
high
()
()
()
hot
()
()
()
hot (spicy)
()
()
()
hot
()
()
()
()
()
()
(temperature)
interesting (fun )
440
APPENDIX
Stem
Its because
(present)
+().
Its because
(past)
+/()
Its because
(future)
+() ()
()
()
()
kind
()
()
()
lazy
()
()
()
light
()
()
()
long
()
()
()
low
()
()
()
narrow
()
()
()
noisy
()
()
()
numerous
()
()
()
old (people)
()()
()
()/
()
old (thing)
()()
()
()
()
pretty
()
()
()
quick
()
()
()
quiet
()
()
()
sad
()
()
()
salty
()
()
()
shallow
()
()
()
short
()
()
()
sick
()
()
()
slim
()
()
()
interesting
(attention)
441
APPENDIX
Stem
Its because
Its because
Its because
(present)
(past)
(future)
+().
+/()
+() ()
slow
()
()
()
small
()
()
()
small (quantity)
()
()
()
smart
()
()
()
strong
()
()
()
tall
()
()
()
tasteless
()
()
()
thick
()
()
()
thin(people)
()
()
()
thin(thing)
()
()
()
thirsty
()
()
()
tired
()
()
()
ugly
()
()
()
warm
()
()
()
weak
()
()
()
wide
()
()
()
young
()
()
()
442
APPENDIX
Present
+/
Past
+/
Future / Supposition
+()
afraid
bad
beautiful
big
boring
bright
busy
cheap
clean
close
cloudy
cold(thing)
cold
complicated
cool
cute
dangerous
dark
deep
delicious
443
APPENDIX
Present
+/
Past
+/
Future / Supposition
+()
difficult
diligent
dirty
easy
expensive
far
fat
fine(weather)
fun (enjoyable)
good
handsome
happy
happy
hate/dislike
heavy
high
hot
hot (spicy)
hot (temperature)
interesting (fun )
444
APPENDIX
Stem
Present
+/
Past
+/
Future / Supposition
+()
interesting
(attention)
kind
lazy
light
long
low
narrow
noisy
numerous
old (people)
old (thing)
pretty
quick
quiet
sad
salty
shallow
short
sick
slim
445
APPENDIX
Stem
Present
+/
Past
+/
Future / Supposition
+()
slow
small
small
smart
strong
tall
thick
thin(people)
thin(thing)
thirsty
tired
tasteless
ugly
warm
weak
wide
young
(quantity)
446
APPENDIX
Topic Particles
Subject Particles
Object Particles
(honorific)
+/
+
(honorific)
+/
Direction Particles
to (a person)
(with people)
(honorific)
+()/()
.
Source Particles
from (a person)
.
Destination Particle
to (a location)
.
Dictection Particle
+ ()
to, towards
.
Location Particle
in; at; on
.
Location Particle
in; at; on
Time Particle
In; at; on
.
per
2000 .
Instrument Particle
+ ()
by means of
.
...+
Possessive
's
Particle
Delimiter Particles
Delimiter Particles
Delimiter Particle
only
10
+ (with negative)
Delimiter Particle
447
APPENDIX
+
Delimiter Particle
Emphasis Particle
also, too
+ (+)
Combined Emphasis
+ (+)
Particles
+ (+)
+
Plural Suffix
students
Conjunction Particles
and
+/
(between nouns)
with
+()
+ ()
Conjunction Particles
or
(between nouns)
Comparision Particle
Reasons
because of
448
APPENDIX
Appendix 18:
Korean Editing Symbols & Handwriting Sheet
Korean Editing Symbols
Symbols
or
or
Meaning
Example
Add a space
or
Delete a space
or
Delete
or
Insert
or
Replace
or
Replace
Change word
order
Cannot
understand
or
Surname:
Given Names:
page
of
240 blocks