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Process Heating Requirements PDF
Process Heating Requirements PDF
COMPONENT PLACEMENT
WORK
SENSOR
Fig. 5a
Fig. 5b
B
B
Fig. 5c
C
Fig. 5d
TEMPERATURE
AT THE WORK
HEATER
Initial Start-up
Steady State
Change in Ambient
Temperature or
Conditions
1000
A
900
60
800
40
700
20
GUIDES FOR
ESTIMATING HEAT LOSSES
700
600
500
400
300
200
0
60
600
800
100
140
180
100
500
70 100
200
300
400
500
600
ABlack Body
BOxidized Steel
COxidized Brass
DOxidized Nickel
EOxidized Aluminum
100
1500
1400
S.
40
%
60
%
1 F REL
0%
RE .P
A
RE
LA .S. TIVE
HU
LA
TIV 40
%
MID
TI
E
IT Y
HU REL
VE
AT
MI
HU
IVE
DI
MI
TY
HU
DI
M ID
TY
ITY
200
1300
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900 1000
1200
TEMPERATURE (F)
Radiant and convection heat losses are combined. Based upon 70F ambient.
For horizontal bottom surface, use 12 figure from graph.
1100
1000
130
600
500
400
F.
P.
S.
100
300
90
120
110
700
P.
140
800
F.
150
160
900
F.
P.
S.
170
T
1"
80
200
70
100
K
IC
TH
"
2
K
HIC
3" T
60
50
40
30
50
80
130
140
180 190
200
210
HICK
4" T
20
90
10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1200
1000
1100
WATTS PER SQUARE FOOT
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
300
400
500
600
700
TEMPERATURE (F)
800
900
Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.30
Coke, powdered . . . . . . .0.44
Concrete, cinder . . . . . . .0.81
Concrete, stone . . . . . . . .2.2
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . .918.0
Cotton wool . . . . . . . . . . .0.043
Cotton batting, loose . . . .0.11
Cotton batting, packed . . .0.072
Earth, average . . . . . . . . .4.0
Eiderdown, loose . . . . . . .0.108
Eiderdown, packed . . . . .0.045
Feathers . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.16
Felt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.22
Fiber, red . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1
Flannel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.035
German silver . . . . . . . .80.0
Glass, crown . . . . . . . . . .2.5
Glass, flint . . . . . . . . . . . .2.0
Gold, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .700.0
Granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.5
Gutta percha . . . . . . . . . .0.48
Gypsum . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.1
Hair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.15
Hair cloth, felt . . . . . . . . .0.042
Helium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.339
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.087
Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . .0.327
Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3.9
Iron, pure . . . . . . . . . . .161.0
Iron, cast . . . . . . . . . . .109.0
Iron, wrought . . . . . . . .144.0
Lamp black . . . . . . . . . . .0.07
Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83.0
Leather, cowhide . . . . . . .0.42
Leather, chamois . . . . . . .0.15
Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.29
Linen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.21
Magnesia . . . . . . . . . . . .0.3
Magnesium, carb . . . . . . .0.23
Marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8.4
Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . .19.7
Mica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.86
Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . .142.0
Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.0524
Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.0563
Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.31
Paraffin . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.62
Pasteboard . . . . . . . . . . .0.45
Plaster of Paris . . . . . . . .0.42
Plaster, mortar . . . . . . . . .1.3
Platinum . . . . . . . . . . .170.0
Plumbago . . . . . . . . . . . .1.0
Poplox (Na2Si03) . . . . . .0.13
Porcelain . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.3
Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . .0.39
Pumice stone . . . . . . . . .0.43
Quartz, pr. to axis . . . . .30.0
Quartz, perp. to axis . .160.0
Rubber, hard . . . . . . . . . .0.43
Rubber, Para . . . . . . . . . .0.38
Sand, dry . . . . . . . . . . . .0.86
Sandstone . . . . . . . . . . . .5.5
Sawdust . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.14
Silica, fused . . . . . . . . . .2.55
Silk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.13
Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . .974.0
Slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.8
Snow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.60
Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115.0
Terra Cotta . . . . . . . . . . .2.3
Tin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155.0
Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.6
Wood, fir, with grain . . . . .0.30
Wood, fir, cross grain . . . .0.09
Wool, sheep . . . . . . . . . .0.14
Wool, mineral . . . . . . . . .0.11
Wool, steel . . . . . . . . . . .0.20
Woolen, loose, wadding . .0.12
Zinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265.0
SHEATH TEMPERATURES
RELATIVE TO WATT DENSITY
6
FP
S
FP
S
4
FP
1F S
ST
PS
IL
LA
IR
40
20
10
400
200
600
800
1000
1200
1200F
TUBULAR ELEMENT
WATTS PER SQUARE INCH
30
1400F
40
30
1000F
20
10
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
850F
800F
600F
400F
200F
600
400
800 850* 1000
TEMPERATURE OF AIR (F)
200
1400
1200
1400
SHEATH TEMP
1000F
SHEATH
TEMP 800F
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
100
0
30
14
0F
00
800
F
750
F
600
F
20
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
400
F
200
F
10
1400
Sheath
Temperature at
+
Temperature
Process (Work)
2
1400F
30
1200F
20
1000F
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
900F
800F
10
600F
400F
200F
200
400
1200
1400
TUBULAR ELEMENT
WATTS PER SQUARE INCH
1200
1400
40
TUBULAR ELEMENT
WATTS PER SQUARE INCH
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE =
400
14
00
F
100
0F
30
20
10
8 00
F
700
F
60
0F
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
40
0F
20
0
F
200
400
1200
1400
FINNED TUBULAR
WATTS PER SQUARE INCH
10
TUBULAR ELEMENT
WATTS PER SQUARE INCH
20
1 20
40
SHEATH TEMP
1200F
FINNED TUBULAR
WATTS PER SQUARE INCH
SHEATH TEMPERATURE
1400F
40
30
22
1200F
16
1000F
14
900F
12
)
(F
10
32
WATTS PER SQUARE INCH
1100F
RE
TU
RA
PE
M
TE
18
TH
EA
SH
20
800F
700F
600F
24
4 F.P.
S.
1 F.P.S
. OR S
TILL
AIR
20
16
12
8
4
500F
16
F.P
.S.
9 F.
P.S
.
28
100
200
300
400
500
600
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (F)
Sheath
Temperature at
+
Temperature
Process (Work)
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE =
16 F.
P.S.
9 F.P
.S.
4 F.P
.S.
1 F . P .S
.
OR ST
ILL A
IR
100
4 F.P.S
.
28
1 F.P.S. OR
24
9 F.
P.S
.
16
F.P
.S.
STILL A
IR
20
16
12
8
4
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
24
20
18
1F.P.S
16
. OR
STIL
L AI
R
8
4
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1. Use stainless steel materials (and fins) over 750F sheath temperatures.
2. Where element spacing is close, use 80% of values.
450
350
250
900
800
SHEATH TEMPERATURE (F)
550
150
AMBIENT - 70F
50
0
1"
. . .
.
.
. in . in . in . in
. in
/sq sq sq sq
/sq
W W/ W/ W/
W
55 44 33 22
11
650
2"
3"
4"
5"
700
600
500
400
300
6"
200
AMBIENT - 70F
100
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
. . .
.
.
. in . in . in . in q. in
s
/sq sq q q
W W/ W/s W/s W/
55 44 33 22
11
650
550
450
350
250
150
AMBIENT - 70F
50
0
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
750
1500
/sq.
33 W
in.
1400
/sq.
in.
22 W
1300
.
1200
. in
sq
/
1W
1100
1000
100
200
300
900
700
600
500
400
100
1"
900 1000
Sheath Temperature F
54
AMBIENT - 70F
0
800
60
300
200
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
.
.
.
.
. in in. . in . in . in
.
/sq q q sq /sq
W /s W/s W/
W
55 44 W 33 22
11
800
400
48
1600
42
36
30
1400
24
1200
18
1000
12
800
6
0
600
0
160
320
Material To
Be Heated
Acid Solutions (Mild)
Acetic
Boric
Carbonic
Chromic
Citric
Fatty Acids
Lactic
Malic
Nitric
Phenol2.4 Disulfonic
Phosphoric
Phosphoric (Aerated)
Proponic
Tannic
Tartaric
Acetaldehyde
Acetone
Air
Alcyl Alcohol
Alkaline Solutions
Aluminum Acetate
Aluminum Potassium Sulfate
Ammonia Gas
Ammonium Acetate
Amyl Acetate
Amyl Alcohol
Aniline
Asphalt
Barium Hydroxide
Benzene, liquid
Butyl Acetate
Calcium Bisulfate
Calcium Chloride
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Tetrachloride
Caustic Soda 2%
10%
75%
Citrus Juices
Degreasing Solution
Dextrose
Dyes & Pigments
Electroplating Baths
Cadmium
Copper
Dilute Cyanide
Potassium Cyanide
Rochelle Cyanide
Sodium Cyanide
Ethylene Glycol
Formaldehyde
Freon gas
Max.
Watt
Density
(W/sq. in.)
Sheath
Material
Material To
Be Heated
180
257
180
180
180
150
122
122
167
180
180
180
180
167/180
180
180
130
C/F
200
212
122
212
C/F
167
240
212
350
200-500
212
150
225
400
200
160
210
210
180
185
275
212
212
40
40
40
40
23
20
10
10
20
40
23
23
40
23/40
40
10
10
23
23
20
23
4-10
40
10
10
20
5-8
23
23
48
25
25
23
23
20
23
C-20, Quartz
316 S.S.
316 S.S.
316 S.S.
316 S.S.
Quartz
316 S.S.
Quartz
Stainless Steel
Copper
Quartz
316 S.S.
Copper
Incoloy
Incoloy
Copper
Steel
316 S.S.
Copper
Steel
Incoloy
Incoloy
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel
Steel
316 S.S.
Copper
316 S.S.
316 S.S.
Quartz
Incoloy
Incoloy
Incoloy
Incoloy
Incoloy
316 S.S.
Steel
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel
180
180
180
180
180
180
300
180
300
40
40
40
40
40
40
30
10
2-5
Stainless Steel
Quartz
316 S.S.
Quartz
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel
Steel
Stainless Steel
Steel
10
40
10
40
Fuel Oils
Grades 1 & 2 (distilate)
Grades 4 & 5 (residual)
Grades 6 & bunker C
(residual)
Gasoline
Gelatin; Liquid
Solid
Glycerine
Glycerol
Grease; Liquid
Solid
Hydrazine
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Sulfide
Linseed Oil
Lubrication Oil
SAE 10
SAE 20
SAE 30
SAE 40
SAE 50
Magnesium Chloride
Manganese Sulfate
Methanol gas
Methylchloride
Mineral Oil
C-20, Quartz
Quartz
Molasses
Naptha
Oil Draw Bath
Oils (see specific type)
Paraffin or Wax (liquid state)
Perchloroethylene
Potassium Chlorate
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Hydroxide
Soap, liquid
Sodium Acetate
Sodium Cyanide
Sodium Hydride
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Phosphate
Steam, flowing
Sulfur, Molten
Toluene
Trichlorethylene
Turpentine
Vegetable Oil & Shortening
Water (Process)
Maximum
Operating
Temp (F)
Max.
Watt
Density
(W/sq. in.)
Sheath
Material
200
200
23
13
Steel
Steel
160
300
150
150
500
212
212
C/F
C/F
150
8
23
23
5
10
23
23
5
16
50
Steel
Steel
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel
Incoloy
Incoloy
Steel
Steel
Stainless Steel
Incoloy
316 S.S.
Steel
250
250
250
250
250
212
212
C/F
180
200
400
100
212
600
400
150
200
212
212
160
212
212
140
720
23
23
23
13
13
40
40
20
23
16
4-5
10
23
24
16
23
40
40
23
20
40
40
28
See Caustic
Soda
40
10
5-10
5
10
23
23
20
30
60
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
C-20, Quartz
Quartz
Stainless Steel
Copper
Steel
Steel
Stainless Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
316 S.S.
316 S.S.
Monel
Stainless Steel
Steel
Stainless Steel
Incoloy
212
300
500
700
600
212
150
300
400
212
Quartz
Incoloy
Incoloy
Incoloy
Incoloy
Steel
Steel
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel
S.S., Incoloy
Maximum
Maximum
Maximum
Fluid
Sheath
Temperature Temperature
w/in.2
F
F
Caloria HT 43
Dowtherm A
Dowtherm J
Dowtherm LF
Dowtherm G
Dowtherm HT
Marlotherm S
Mobiltherm 603
Multitherm PG-1
Multitherm IG-2
Syltherm XLT
Syltherm 800
Therminol 44
Therminol 55
Therminol 59
Therminol 60
Therminol 75
Therminol LT
Therminol VP-1
UCON 500
C/F Consult Factory
475
725
575
575
675
625
675
550
565
575
475
725
400
560
575
560
675
475
725
475
680
835
650
675
775
700
695
625
640
650
550
800
475
605
650
655
805
650
800
550
12
20
20
20
20
20
12
20
12
20
12
12
12
12
20
20
20
20
20
12
Density
Weight
in
lbs/cu. ft.
Specific
Heat
52.0
66.0
54.1
63.0
68.6
60.6
60.8
53.9
54.2
54.8
52.6
58.7
57.8
55.2
60.6
62.6
68.8
53.7
66.7
64.8
0.43
0.38
0.43
0.40
0.37
0.37
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.47
0.40
0.38
0.47
0.46
0.41
0.39
0.38
0.43
0.37
0.47
Flash
Point
400
255
145
260
305
374
380
340
440
116
350
405
350
302
310
390
134
255
540
Flammability F
Fire
Auto
Point
Ignition
275
155
280
315
385
500
130
380
438
410
335
320
440
150
280
600
670
1150
806
1020
1150
932
690
700
662
725
705
675
770
835
1000
805
1150
750
2.5
1
2
1.5
1.5
2.5
3
3
2
1.7
2.5
3
2
2.5
2.5
3
2
2.5
2
2
3
2
3
2.5
2.5
3.5
5
5
3
2.3
4
5
3
3.5
3.5
5
3
4
3
3
4
3
4.5
3.5
3.5
5
7
7
4
3
5
7
4
5
5
7
4
5
4
4
5215
459 + F
2897
273 + C
100%
80%
ABSORPTION
26T: Water
60%
40%
20%
27T: Aluminum
ALUMINUM: Anodized
Polished
Sandblasted
100%
80%
ABSORPTION
60%
40%
20%
WAVELENGTH (MICRONS)
COTTON
CELLULOSE WOOD
100%
80%
ABSORPTION
produce uniform radiant distribution. Specific application considerations may require the distance to be adjusted.
60%
40%
WAVELENGTH (MICRONS)
Radiation / Temperature
Comparison Chart
Temp (F)
Tem p (K)
Peak Wavelength ( m )
Flux
( watts / in 2 )
900
7 55
3 .8 3
11 .91
1000
8 10
3 .5 7
1 5.82
1100
8 66
3 .3 4
2 0.62
1200
9 22
3 .1 4
2 6.44
1300
9 78
2 .9 6
3 3.41
1400
1 03 3
2 .8 0
4 1.68
1500
1 08 9
2 .6 6
5 1.39
1600
11 44
2 .5 3
6 2.71
1700
2 00 0
2 .4 1
7 5.81
1800
1 25 5
2 .3 0
9 0.85
1900
1 311
2 .2 1
10 8 .0 4
2000
1 36 6
2 .1 2
12 7 .5 5
2100
1 42 2
2 .0 4
14 9 .5 9
2200
1 47 8
1 .9 6
17 4 .3 7
2300
1 53 3
1 .8 9
20 2 .11
2400
1 58 9
1 .8 2
23 3 .0 4
2500
1 64 4
1 .7 6
26 7 .3 8
2600
1 70 0
1 .7 0
30 5 .3 9
2700
1 75 5
1 .6 5
34 7 .3 2
2800
1 81 0
1 .6 0
39 3 .4 2
Co lor
50
.06
.12
.25
.37
.50
.65
.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
100
.12
.25
.50
.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
500
.65
1.25
2.50
3.75
5.00
6.25
7.50
10.00
12.50
15.00
17.50
20.00
22.50
25.00
600
.75
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
12.00
15.00
18.00
21.00
24.00
27.00
30.00
100
3.3
6.7
10.0
13.3
16.7
20.0
23.3
26.7
30.0
33.3
36.7
40
150
5
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35
40
45.0
50
55
60
Cubic
feet Gallons
.66
5
1.3
10
2.0
13
2.7
20
3.3
25
4.0
30
5.3
40
6.7
50
8.0
60
9.4
70
10.7
80
12.0
90
13.4
100
16.7
125
20.0
150
20
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.1
1.3
1.6
2.1
2.7
3.3
3.7
4.3
5
5.5
7
8
40
0.5
1.1
1.6
2.2
2.7
3.2
4
5.4
6.4
7.5
8.5
10
11
13
16
120
1.6
3.2
4.8
6.4
8
9.6
13
16
19
22
26
29
32
40
48
140
1.9
3.7
5.6
7.5
9.3
12
15
19
22
26
30
34
37
47
56
500
16.7
33.3
50.0
66.7
83.3
100.0
116.7
133.3
150.0
166.7
183.3
200.0
600
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
220.0
240.0
Use the maximum anticipated airflow. Chart 35T and below equations
assume insulated duct (negligible heat loss), 70F inlet air and 14 psia.
For Air:
scfm* x Temperature Rise (F)
kw = ________________________
3000
*Measured at normal temperature and pressure.
Gallons
3.74
7.48
14.96
22.25
29.9
37.4
74.8
112.5
149.6
187
222.5
252
299
336.5
374
50
.3
.5
1
2
2
3
5
7
9
11
13
16
18
20
22
100
.5
1
1
3
4
4
9
14
18
22
27
31
36
40
45
500
3
6
11
16
22
25
52
77
102
127
151
176
201
226
252
DETERMINING WATTAGE
REQUIREMENTS FOR ENCLOSURE HEATERS
50
40
30
25
20
15
10
9
7.5
6
5
4
3
2
670
540
405
335
270
205
135
120
100
80
70
55
40
30
TEMPERATURE RISE FROM MINIMUM EXPECTED AMBIENT TEMPERATURE TO DESIRED ENCLOSURE TEMPERATURE (F)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1340
320
2010
480
2680
640
3350
800
4020
960
4690
1120
130
1075
260
1610
385
2145
515
2680
640
3220
770
3755
900
100
805
195
1210
290
1610
385
2010
480
2415
580
2815
675
80
670
160
1005
240
1340
320
1675
400
2010
480
2345
560
65
540
130
805
195
1075
260
1340
320
1610
385
1880
450
50
405
100
605
145
805
195
1005
240
1210
290
1410
340
35
270
65
405
100
540
130
670
160
805
195
940
225
30
245
60
365
90
485
115
605
145
725
175
845
205
25
200
50
300
75
400
100
500
125
600
150
700
175
20
160
40
245
60
325
80
405
100
485
115
565
135
20
135
35
205
50
270
65
335
80
405
100
470
115
15
110
30
160
55
215
55
270
65
320
80
375
90
10
80
20
120
30
160
40
200
50
240
60
280
70
10
55
15
90
20
110
30
135
35
165
40
190
45
Required wattage Double above values in areas with extreme wind factors.
uninsulated cabinet
insulated cabinet
Match above values from chart to a standard Enclosure Heater. Use multiple heaters where necessary.
A
B
3.5
3.0
WIND VELOCITY
MPF
2.5
2.0
1.5
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
2.5
1.0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Temperature Difference between Exposed Surface and Air F
PROCESS HEATING
APPLICATION EXAMPLES
PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE RATINGS
OF STEEL AND STAINLESS STEEL FLANGES
TANK CAPACITIES
VERTICAL CYLINDER
Dia
(in)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Dia
(ft)
0.167
0.250
0.333
0.417
0.500
0.583
0.667
0.750
0.833
0.917
1.000
1.083
1.167
1.250
1.333
1.417
1.500
1.583
1.667
1.750
1.833
1.917
2.000
2.083
2.167
2.250
2.333
2.417
2.500
2.583
2.667
2.750
2.833
2.917
3.000
3.083
3.167
3.250
3.333
3.417
3.500
3.583
3.667
Surface
Area
(sq ft)
9.222
0.049
0.087
0.136
0.196
0.267
0.349
0.442
0.545
0.660
0.785
0.922
1.069
1.227
1.396
1.576
1.767
1.969
2.182
2.405
2.640
2.885
3.142
3.409
3.687
3.976
4.276
4.587
4.909
5.241
5.585
5.940
6.305
6.681
7.069
7.467
7.876
8.296
8.727
9.168
9.621
10.08
10.56
Volume
per 1'
depth
(Gal)
0.163
0.367
0.653
1.020
1.469
1.999
2.611
3.305
4.080
4.937
5.875
6.895
7.997
9.180
10.44
11.79
13.22
14.73
16.32
17.99
19.75
21.58
23.50
25.50
27.58
29.74
31.99
34.31
36.72
39.21
41.78
44.43
47.16
49.98
52.88
55.86
58.92
62.06
65.28
68.58
71.97
75.44
78.99
Dia
(in)
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
75
78
81
84
87
90
93
96
99
102
105
108
111
114
117
Dia
(ft)
3.750
3.833
3.917
4.000
4.083
4.167
4.250
4.333
4.417
4.500
4.583
4.667
4.750
4.833
4.917
5.000
5.083
5.167
5.250
5.333
5.417
5.500
5.583
5.667
5.750
5.833
5.917
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
Area
(sq ft)
11.04
11.54
12.05
12.57
13.10
13.64
14.19
14.75
15.32
15.90
16.50
17.10
17.72
18.35
18.99
19.63
20.29
20.97
21.65
22.34
23.04
23.76
24.48
25.22
25.97
26.73
27.49
28.27
30.68
33.18
35.78
38.48
41.28
44.18
47.17
50.27
53.46
56.75
60.13
63.62
67.20
70.88
74.66
Volume
per 1'
depth
(Gal)
82.62
86.33
90.13
94.00
97.96
102.0
106.1
110.3
114.6
119.0
123.4
127.9
132.6
137.3
142.0
146.9
151.8
156.8
161.9
167.1
172.4
177.7
183.2
188.7
194.2
199.9
205.7
211.5
229.5
248.2
267.7
287.9
308.8
330.5
352.9
376.0
399.9
424.5
449.8
475.9
502.7
530.2
558.5
Dia
(in)
120
126
132
138
144
150
156
162
168
174
180
186
192
198
204
210
216
222
228
234
240
246
252
258
264
270
276
282
288
294
300
306
312
318
324
330
447
342
348
354
360
372
384
Dia
(ft)
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
19.5
20.0
20.5
21.0
21.5
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0
25.5
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.5
38.0
28.5
29.0
29.5
30
31
32
Area
(sq ft)
78.54
86.59
95.03
103.9
113.1
122.7
132.7
143.1
153.9
165.1
176.7
188.7
201.1
213.8
227.0
240.5
254.5
268.8
283.5
298.6
314.2
330.1
346.4
363.1
380.1
397.6
415.5
433.7
452.4
471.4
490.9
510.7
530.9
551.5
572.6
594.0
615.8
637.9
660.5
683.5
706.9
754.8
804.2
Volume
per 1'
depth
(Gal)
587.5
647.7
710.9
777.0
846.0
918.0
992.9
1071
1152
1235
1322
1412
1504
1600
1698
1799
1904
2011
2121
2234
2350
2469
2591
2716
2844
2974
3108
3245
3384
3527
3672
3820
3972
4126
4283
4443
4606
4772
4941
5113
5288
5646
6016
Dia
(in)
396
408
420
432
444
456
468
480
492
504
516
528
540
552
564
576
588
600
624
648
672
696
720
744
768
792
816
840
864
888
912
936
960
984
1008
1032
1056
1080
1104
1128
1152
1176
1200
Dia
(ft)
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
Area
(sq ft)
855.3
907.9
962.1
1018
1075
1134
1195
1257
1320
1385
1452
1521
1590
1662
1735
1810
1886
1963
2124
2290
2463
2642
2827
3019
3217
3421
3632
3848
4072
4301
4536
4778
5027
5281
5542
5809
6082
6362
6648
6940
7238
7543
7854
Volume
per 1'
depth
(Gal)
6398
6792
7197
7614
8043
8484
8936
9400
9976
10364
10863
11374
11897
12432
12978
13536
14106
14688
15887
17132
18425
19764
21151
22584
24065
25592
27167
38788
30457
32173
33935
35745
37601
39505
41455
43453
45497
47589
49728
51913
54146
56425
58752
HORIZONTAL CYLINDER
Contents in gallons per foot of length of tank with flat ends when filled to various depths.
Tank
Dia
(in)
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
96
102
108
114
120
3
0.73
1.15
1.45
1.70
1.91
2.10
2.28
2.45
2.60
2.75
2.88
3.02
3.14
3.26
3.38
3.49
3.60
3.71
3.81
3.91
6
1.47
2.94
3.86
4.59
5.23
5.79
6.31
6.78
7.23
7.64
8.04
8.42
8.78
9.13
9.46
9.78
10.10
10.40
10.70
10.98
9
4.73
6.61
8.05
9.27
10.34
11.31
12.20
13.03
13.82
14.56
15.26
15.93
16.58
17.20
17.80
18.38
18.94
19.49
20.02
12
5.88
9.36
11.75
13.72
15.43
16.97
18.38
19.69
20.91
22.07
23.17
24.22
25.23
26.19
27.13
28.03
28.90
29.75
30.58
15
11.77
15.45
18.36
20.85
23.07
25.10
26.97
28.72
30.36
31.92
33.41
34.84
36.20
37.52
38.80
40.02
41.23
42.39
18
13.22
18.91
23.00
26.44
29.46
32.20
34.72
37.06
39.26
41.35
43.33
45.23
47.05
48.81
50.50
52.13
53.72
55.26
D
21
21.81
27.45
32.02
35.99
39.54
42.79
45.81
48.64
51.32
53.86
56.28
58.61
60.84
62.99
65.08
67.10
69.06
24
23.50
31.49
37.45
42.51
47.00
51.09
54.86
58.39
61.72
64.87
67.87
70.75
73.51
76.17
78.74
81.23
83.65
27
34.81
42.54
48.90
54.46
59.49
64.10
68.40
72.45
76.27
79.91
83.39
86.72
89.94
93.04
96.04
98.95
30
36.72
47.08
55.00
61.81
67.88
73.44
78.59
83.42
87.97
92.30
96.43
100.39
104.20
107.87
111.42
114.86
h
33
50.77
60.66
68.91
76.18
82.77
88.86
94.55
99.90
104.97
109.81
114.44
118.88
123.17
127.31
131.31
36
52.88
65.66
75.63
84.26
92.02
99.13
105.75
111.97
117.85
123.44
128.79
133.92
138.86
143.63
148.24
39
69.69
81.80
92.00
101.07
109.32
116.96
124.11
130.86
137.27
143.39
149.25
154.88
160.32
165.57
42
71.97
87.22
99.29
109.82
119.33
128.09
136.26
143.94
151.22
158.16
164.80
171.18
177.32
183.26
45
91.56
105.94
118.16
129.08
139.06
148.33
157.02
165.24
173.05
180.52
187.69
194.58
201.24
48
94.00
111.75
125.97
138.46
149.79
160.25
170.03
179.26
188.01
196.35
204.35
212.04
219.46
51
116.37
133.06
147.36
160.19
171.96
182.91
193.21
202.96
212.24
221.12
229.65
237.87
54
118.97
139.24
155.65
170.16
183.36
195.58
207.04
217.85
228.13
237.95
247.36
256.42
57
144.13
163.17
179.58
194.37
207.98
220.67
232.62
243.96
254.77
265.12
275.07
60
146.88
169.68
188.34
204.89
220.01
234.05
247.22
259.68
271.54
282.88
293.76
SATURATED STEAM
Thermodynamic Properties Saturated Steam (Values to Nearest Even Digits)
PSIG
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
F
212
216
219
222
224
227
230
232
235
237
240
250
259
267
274
281
287
292
298
303
307
Heat of
Liquid*
180
183
187
190
193
195
298
201
203
206
208
218
227
236
243
250
256
262
267
272
277
BTU/lb.
Latent Heat of
Evaporation
970
968
965
964
962
961
959
957
956
954
952
945
940
934
929
924
920
915
912
908
905
Total Heat
of Steam
1150
1151
1152
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1160
1163
1167
1170
1172
1174
1176
1177
1179
1180
1182
Spec. Vol.
Ft3/lb
Sat. Vapor
27
25
24
22.5
21.0
20.0
19.5
18.5
18.0
17.0
16.5
14.0
12.0
10.5
9.5
8.5
8.0
7.0
6.7
6.2
5.8
PSIG
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
110
120
125
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
220
240
250
F
312
316
320
324
328
331
335
338
344
350
353
356
361
366
371
375
380
384
388
395
403
406
Heat of
Liquid*
282
286
290
294
298
302
306
309
316
322
325
328
334
339
344
348
353
358
362
370
378
381
BTU/lb.
Latent Heat of
Evaporation
901
898
895
892
889
886
883
881
876
871
868
866
861
857
853
849
845
841
837
830
823
820
Total Heat
of Steam
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1192
1193
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1197
1198
1199
1199
1200
1201
1201
Spec. Vol.
Ft3/lb
Sat. Vapor
5.5
5.2
4.9
4.7
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.9
3.6
3.3
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.75
* Heat content is the number of BTU/lb needed to reach the condition indicated starting with water at 32F.
Saturated steam is pure steam in direct contact with the liquid water
from which it was generated and at a temperature of water at the
existing pressure. For example, saturated steam at 50 PSIG has a
temperature of 298F.
Pressure is commonly expressed either (a) PSIA pounds per square
inch absolute or, (b) PSIG pounds per square inch gauge above
1)
2)
3)
4)
ELECTRICAL DATA
CONVERSION DATA
FORMULAS FOR
DETERMINING GEOMETRIC
AREAS AND VOLUMES
Accuracy
Burst Firinga fast cycling control output type (3-32VDC for Ogden
products) used in conjunction with a solid state relay.
2) sensor
3) error detector (of control)
4) control
5) final control element (relay, SSR, SCR)
6) temperature indication
Control Modethe method in which the control restores the system
temperature to set point. On/Off, proportioning, and PID are the most
common control modes.
Convectionthe transfer of heat from a source or higher temperature
area in a gas or liquid by the movement and mixing of the masses.
CPSCycles per Second (See Hertz).
Current Proportioning a 4-20 milliamp (typical) current output
which provides a current proportional to the amount of control
required.
Cycle Ratein a time proportioning control, the period (usually in
seconds) of time that is required to complete one on/off cycle once
temperature has settled at the center of the proportioning band.
DCdirect current; an electric current flowing in one direction and
constant in value.
Printed in U.S.A.
1997
OIoperator interface
OODobject oriented design
OOPobject oriented programming
OSIopen systems interconnection
P&IDpiping and instrumentation diagram
PBproportional band
PCpersonal computer or programmable
controller
PDpositive displacement
P/Ipneumatic-to-current
PIproportional-integral
PIDproportional-integral-derivative
PLCprogrammable logic controller
PROMprogrammable logic controller
PSApressure sensitive adhesive
PRVpressure reducing valve
PVprocess variable or process value
QCquality control
R&Dresearch and development
RAMrandom access memory
RFradio frequency
RFIradio frequency interference
RHrelative humidity
RMSroot mean square
ROMread-only memory
RSSroot sum squared
RTDresistance temperature detector
RTUremote terminal unit
RVrelief valve
SCADAsupervisory control and data
acquisition
SCRsilicon controlled rectifier
SFCsupercritical fluid chromatography
SNAsystems networking architecture
SPset point
SPCstatistical process control
SPDTsingle pole, double throw
SQCstatistical quality control
SSRsolid state relay
SSCsingle station controller
SVset point value
T/Cthermocouple
TCDthermal conductivity detector
THDtotal harmonic distortion
TOPtechnical office protocol
TPMtotal predictive maintenance
TQCtotal quality control
TVSStransient voltage surge suppressor
UCLupper control limit
UPSuninterruptible power supply
UVultraviolet
VDTvideo display terminal
VFDvariable frequency drive
VMEvirtual memory executive system
WANwide area network
WIPwork-in-process