Li m u

Vi cc bn tng v ang hc mn ny th bit chc n kh th no, v c

ni dung mn hc v phng php thi. V y c l cng l mn u tin cc
bn thi bng hnh thc vn p. Nn cc bn d hnh dung, mnh s gii thiu
v cch thc thi cui k cho cc bn cha bit. Hnh thc thi nh sau (cp nht
nm 2016, cc kha sau c thay i th khng chc chn):
u tin s c khong 20 ngi bt k vo phng lm bi, khng nht thit theo
ch ci, khng nht thit theo lp no, ch cn c lch thi l vo ngy hm th
u c th vo. Vo phng cc bn s c gio vin cho bc , 1 cu l
thuyt v 1 cu bi tp (thng th c 2 xp v cc bn ly t trn xung,
nhng ni chung l may ri thi).
Sau khi bc th cc bn s xung di ngi lm bi, thi gian chun b l
15 nhng thng s lu hn. Sau cc bn s c 1 gio vin ch nh i
vo thy(c) no cn rnh, hoc nu mun chn thy c th tt nht l c m m,
ch thy (c) xong th vo lun. V s lng gio vin hi thi thng l 5-6
ngi, ai d ai kh th c th hi ngi khc nhng ni chung l d kh ty vo
mnh v nhiu yu t khc.
Khi hi th u tin cc bn s tr li 2 cu hi lc bc , sau thy c s
hi thm cc vn khc, c th l nhng vn mnh hc hoc nhng
vn bn ngoi (ci ny mi khoai) v ni chung l thi vn p nn s hi trn
tri di bin, nn khuyn cc bn hc th hy c m hiu mn ny, c thm
ti liu bn ngoi cn c thuc chng n thua u, gp my thy th xc nh g
cng cht (chm gi th ch hiu ht mn ny th thnh cmnr, nn i khi vn
bo hay khng bng may l vy).
l v hnh thc thi, cn v ti liu ny, mnh xin ni trc y ch l TI
LIU THAM KHO, KHNG PHI L P N. Nhng g mnh trnh by
y mc ch l cc bn tham kho, cc bn c th xem n nh gi c
c cu tr li ca mnh. V nh ni trn, vi x l l mn thi vn p,
thy c hi rt nhiu vn khc. Ti liu mnh vit ra mnh cng chng thu
c g nn mnh cng khng m bo 100% l s ng hon ton, mnh ch
vit c l cng v mong gip c cc bn, cc em sinh vin kha sau 1 phn
nh no vt qua mn hc ny. V cui cng, vn nhc li cu c, y l
TI LIU THAM KHO, KHNG PHI P N. Mun im cao th chu
kh i hc, ghi chp y , c ti liu bn ngoi v trc khi i thi nn n
chay cu may.
CHC CC BN HC TT V VT QUA MN HC NY.

PHN 1: L THUYT.
1:
a. Trnh by kin trc v nguyn l hot ng ca my tnh theo Von
Neumann. Nu vai tr ca CPU v b nh trong h.
b. Nu c ch m nh CPU c th thc hin lnh 1 cch tun t.
Gi :
a. Cu trc h vi x l bao gm 2 phn chnh l CPU v b nh (memory).
Ngoi ra cn c cc cng (Port) kt ni h vi ngoi vi (I/O). Cc phn
c lin kt vi nhau bi 3 ng bus l A_bus, D_bus, C_bus.
* Nguyn l hot ng:

- Lun hot ng theo nguyn tc a ch, khi CPU cn trao i thng tin
vi Mem hay cc Port th u thng qua a ch ca n.
- Mi CPU c 1 tp lnh hu hn.
- CPU thc hin cc lnh 1 cch tun t.
- thc hin cc lnh r nhnh c iu kin phi cn c vo c nhy
(flag).
* Vai tr ca CPU v b nh trong h
- Vai tr ca CPU. CPU gm 3 phn:
+, CU: n v iu khin, c lnh, gii m lnh, thc hin lnh.
+, ALU: Khi x l ton hc v logic.
+, Thanh ghi: Ni lu tr d liu tm thi.
- Vai tr b nh: dng lu tr d liu v cha cc lnh. Trong cu trc
Von neuman th b nh d liu v b nh chng trnh c chung khng gian
nh.
b. C ch m CPU c th thc hin cc lnh 1 cch tun t l nh b m
chng trnh PC. Thanh ghi PC cha a ch ca nh c ni dung l m
lnh tip theo s c thc hin. Khi CPU tm c m lnh th n th PC t
ng tng ln 1 tr vo nh cha m lnh n+1.
3:
a. Trnh by kin trc v nguyn l hot ng ca my tnh theo Von
Neumann. Ni r v sao CPU c th truy nhp theo a ch
b. Nu c ch m nh CPU c th thc hin lnh r nhnh c iu kin.
Gi :
a. trnh by 1
+, CPU c th truy nhp theo a ch l nh b gii m a ch. Chnh nh
b gii m a ch, thng qua D_bus s tr n nh hay I/O c a ch
mong mun.
b. Nguyn l m CPU c th thc hin lnh r nhnh c iu kin l: u
tin vi x l s kim tra iu kin. Nu iu kin khng tha mn th PC
tng ln 1 v thc hin lnh tip theo. Nu iu kin tha mn th chng
trnh s nhy n nhn. Lnh r nhnh c iu kin xc nh a ch
tng i tc l xc nh t a ch hin ti c bao nhiu cng vo PC.

(Tm hiu a ch tng i l v d chng trnh ang lnh r nhnh

c iu kin c a ch l 1000 v ci nhn c a ch 1200 th a ch
offset ca n l 200).
5:
a. Trnh by kin trc v nguyn l hot ng ca my tnh theo Von
Neumann. Nu r v sao c th ni chung bus s liu trong h.
b. Bn hiu th no khi CPU truy nhp vo ra nh 1 nh hay truy nhp
nh nh cng vo ra
Gi :
a. trnh by 1
b. +, CPU truy nhp cng vo ra nh 1 nh l: Khi cc nh v cc
cng vo ra (port) s dng chung 1 b gii m a ch (DEC) do khi
CPU truy nhp cng vo ra th cc cng vo ra ny c a ch nh l cc
nh, m theo nguyn l Von Neuman th CPU trao i d liu theo
nguyn tc a ch, do CPU truy nhp cng vo ra cng nh l cc
nh.
+, Khi truy nhp nh nh cng vo ra th lc ny s c 2 b gii m a
ch, 1 b gii m a ch cho cc nh, 1 b gii m a ch cho cc Port.
7:
a. Trnh by kin trc v nguyn l hot ng ca my tnh theo Von
Neumann.
b. Bng cch no c th truy nhp ti cc phn t khc nhau thng qua cc
a ch khc nhau:
9:
a. M t chi tit hot ng thc hin 1 lnh ca CPU
b. Minh ha trng hp truy nhp trc tip
MOV R0, 50H
Gi :
a. M t
+, u tin con tr PC s cha ni dung l nh c cha m lnh cn
thc hin. Con tr PC c a vo b gii m a ch. Do PC cha
nh cha m lnh nn nh c b gii m a ch s tr n nh c cha
m lnh mong mun.
+, Ni dung ca nh m b gii m a ch tr n s c a vo b
m Buffer.

+, CPU thng qua C_bus s gi tn hiu OE tch cc mc thp cho php

d liu i t b m buffer i qua D_bus v CPU.
+, D liu t D_bus s c a vo thanh ghi lnh IR, sau a vo
b gii m lnh DEC.
+, Ti b gii m lnh DEC th n s gii m bit lnh bao nhiu
byte, lnh lm g. T thc hin lnh.
b. M t chi tit thc hin lnh trn.
- u tin con tr PC s c ni dung l a ch nh cha m lnh ca
lnh MOV R0, Addr l A8, con tr PC s thng qua mch gii m a ch
a n nh c ni dung l A8 ( y mnh v d l nh 15).
- Ni dung ca nh (A8) c a vo b nh m Buffer. CPU gi
tn hiu OE cho php d liu i t Buffer i vo thanh ghi lnh IR v b
gii m lnh DEC.
- Ti b gii m lnh DEC n s gii m v bit lnh ny l 2 byte, c tc
dng l chuyn ni dung nh 50H vo thanh ghi R0 (C th tra cc
iu ny trong tp lnh ca MCS- 51).
- Do lnh ny 2 byte nn n s ch byte tip theo. Lc ny con tr PC
tng ln 1, nh mch gii m a ch tr n nh tip theo ( nh 16).
Ti nh ny s c ni dung l 50H.
- D liu t nh ( s 16) s c a vo b buffer, sau khi c
tn hiu OE s c a ln D_bus v i vo khi MAR.
- D liu t khi MAR ( y l 50H) s li c a vo b gii m a
ch DEC tr n nh 50H.
- D liu t 50H s li c a xung Buffer a ln D_bus v sau
s c di chuyn vo thanh ghi R0.
Lu : y lnh ny l 2 byte, b gii m lnh DEC s khng bit c
u l m lnh v u l m lnh (A8) v u l ni dung (50H) n ch c
th phn bit nh th t. Ngha l A8 n trc th n l m lnh v n c
2 byte nn ci tip theo s l ni dung thc hin lnh phn bit vi m
lnh 50H.
11:
a. M t chi tit hot ng thc hin 1 lnh ca CPU
b. Minh ha trng hp truy nhp gin tip qua thanh ghi.
ADD A, @R0
Gi :
a. nu 9
b. M t lnh

- u tin con tr PC c ni dung l nh cha m lnh ny (m lnh

ny l 26H). Con tr PC s thng qua mch gii m a ch tr n nh
cha ni dung 26H.
- D liu ny s c a xung b nh m Buffer, sau CPU s
thng qua C_bus truyn tn hiu OE cho php d liu i t Buffer qua
D_bus v thanh ghi lnh IR v vo b gii m lnh DEC.
- Ti b gii m lnh DEC n s gii m lnh (26H) v bit rng lnh ny
1 byte, thc hin nhin v cng ni dung ca ngn nh RAM c a ch
c ct trong R0 vi thanh ghi A
( Ch ny hi kh hiu vi nhng ngi cha quen, tm hiu n nh sau.
V d thanh ghi R0 c ni dung l A1 v nh A1 c ni dung l 12H th
lnh ny c tc dng cng ni dung ca nh A1 hay cng 12H vo
thanh ghi A, kt qu ct thanh ghi A).
- Tip theo n s ly ni dung ca thanh ghi R0 i qua MAR v c a
vo b gii m a ch. B gii m a ch s tr n nh c a ch l
ni dung thanh ghi R0 v a d liu nh vo Buffer. CPU li a
tn hiu OE cho php d liu t Buffer ln D_bus i vo OP2 ca khi
ALU. Ni dung thanh ghi A s c a vo OP1.
- Khi ALU s thc hin php cng OP1 v OP2 sau kt qu c a
tr v thanh ghi A.
CC 13, 15 TNG T, CC BN T LM. Lu 2 ny th khng
cn s dng n b MAR, v d s 15 th sau khi thc hin gii m lnh
xong th i n byte tip theo, b gii m a ch s tr n nh c ni dung
50H, a xung buffer qua D-bus ri i vo thanh ghi A. Ni th khng hiu th
thi chu kh i hi cc siu nhn khc, ang tt m bt dn nh nn khng c
nhiu free time ))).
17:
a. Nu c ch ngt trong h vi x l, mc ch, gii php ct d v khi
phc trng thi?
b. Trnh by cch xc nh ngun bo ngt bng phn mm.
Gi :
a. C ch ngt:
+, Khi chng trnh ang thc hin cu lnh th k m gp tn hiu bo
ngt (INT) th lc ny vi x l s thc hin xong cu lnh th k ri kim
tra ngt.
+, Nu nh ngt khng c chp nhn th vi x l b qua v thc
hin cu lnh tip theo.

+, Nu nh ngt n ok th vxl ct cc c cn thit, PC hin ti, trng thi

cc thanh ghi (nu cn) vo ngn xp.
+, Tra bng Vecto ngt xc nh ngt l ngt g, chng trnh phc
v ngt nm u, sau s thc hin chng trnh phc v ngt cho
n khi gp lnh RETI th dng chng trnh phc v ngt.
+, Lc ny vxl s ly cc c, PC cc thanh ghi ct t ngn xp ra, tip
tc thc hin chng trnh chnh..
Lu : Nu c nhiu ngt th s da vo thanh ghi IE kim tra th t
u tin ngt, nu ang thc hin ngt ny m li c ngt khc th li xem
xt ri thc hin ngt ci kia trc. Kiu nh ang ngi vit ci ny
(chng trnh chnh) th gu gi in thoi (ngt 1). Lc ang nghe in
thoi th m ku ra m nh (ngt 2) v lc ny th phi bo gu ch, ra
gip m xong quay v ni chuyn tip vi gu. Ni chuyn vi gu xong
ri li quay li vit tipKiu nh th )) gu em n ng k nn gi
thoi mi)))
* Mc ch gii php ct gi v khi phc trng thi l:
ct gi v khi phc trng thi th ta cn phi ct cc c, con tr PC hin ti,
cc thanh ghi c lin quan n chng trnh phc v ngt vo ngn xp trong
qu trnh vxl thc hin chng trnh phc v ngt, cc thng tin ny s khng b
thay i. Sau khi chng trnh phc v ngt thc hin xong ta li ly cc c, PC
thanh ghi ra, khi phc li trng thi, tip tc thc hin chng trnh chnh.
b. Trnh by cch xc nh ngun bo ngt bng phn mm.
(Ci ny th cc thnh nn v i ci s , do iu kin hn ch nn y
khng v, ai i hc th chu kh v ri nhn cho d hiu)
xc nh ngun bo ngt bng phn mm th phi s dng phn mm
kim tra bit thanh ghi, da vo bit xc nh ngoi vi bo ngt. Khi
c tn hiu t b cht (Latch) a ln 1 trong s 8 ng D_bus v a
vo thanh ghi th trong thanh ghi, chng trnh s kim tra bit xem I/O
no bo ngt.
19:
a. Nu c ch ngt trong h vi x l, u im, khuyt im ca c ch ny?
b. Trnh by cch xc nh ngun bo ngt bng phn cng.
Gi :
a. C ch th ni trn, khng ni li.
* u im ca c ch ny l khng tn thi gian hi vng, do CPU s
tn nng lng hn, chy nhanh hn.

* Nhc im: Nu nh I/O no trao i d liu vi s lng ln th

cc I/O khc t c c hi trao i d liu.
(Ci ny th n phn phng thc iu khin vo ra s c th hn)
b. Xc nh ngun bo ngt bng phn cng.
Nu xt v s th bo ngt bng phn mm v phn cng n nh nhau,
nn v s th cc thnh c v nh phn cng.
Tuy nhin xc nh bo ngt bng phn mm th ta cn nhn mnh
l vxl xc nh ngoi vi ngt da vo vecto ngt (phn mm l da vo
kim tra bit). Khi 1 thit b no bo ngt th tn hiu Ry= 0 thng qua
mch AND to tn hiu INT (ci ny nhn vo s s hiu). Khi thc
hin bo ngt bng phn cng th CPU da vo vecto ngt, nh vo mch
AND x/ thit b no ngt.
V d nu nh khng c ci no ngt th Ry0=Ry1==Ry7=0 nn tn
hiu l 11111111=FF. Khi c 1 ci ngt, nh I/O 6 chng hn th Ry6=0
v tn hiu s l 10111111= BF v vi x l s da vo bit rng I/O
6 bo ngt.
21:
a. Ngn xp: vai tr v hot ng ca n.
b. Liu c tn ti h vi x l m hot ng ca n khng cn ngn xp
khng. Gii thch?
Gi :
a. Ngn xp
- Ngn xp l 1 vng nh nm trong RAM dng lu tr d liu 1 cch
tm thi.
- Ngn xp hot ng theo nguyn tc LIFO (Last In First Out) hoc
FIFO (First In First Out). Trong MCS-51 th ngn xp hot ng theo
nguyn tc LIFO, nhng d liu no c ct vo ngn xp trc th s
c ly ra sau v ngc li. thc hin theo nguyn tc ny th ngn
xp c 1 con tr gi l con tr SP (Stack Pointer)
- ct d liu vo ngn xp th ta s dng lnh PUSH. Trc khi thc
hin lnh PUSH th SP t ng tng ln 1 tr n ngn xp tip theo.
- ly d liu ra th ta s dng lnh POP. Sau khi d liu c ly ra th
con tr SP t ng gim i 1.
Lu : c bao nhiu lnh PUSH th c by nhiu lnh POP, ci no PUSH
trc th POP sau
b. Trn l thuyt th c th tn ti 1 h vi x l hot ng m khng cn
ngn xp nu nh h vi x l ch thc hin cc chng trnh n gin
nh cng tr khng nh, khng c nhy, khng r nhnh. Tuy nhin thc
t 1 h vi x l c lm ra thng thc hin nhng vic phc tp hn

th, do trn thc t khng bao gi tn ti h vi x l hot ng khng

cn ngn xp.
***11h m ri, i ng. M dn ng sm mi p zai. My thnh BK c
cy m lm, bo sao di. C hc th c xong dng ny lm ng lc,
tt my tnh i ng . ***
23:
a. V lc hot ng ca vi x l k t lc RESET.
b. Vecto RESET v vecto ngt c th trng nhau khng? Gii thch?
c. Nu s cn thit ca ngt NMI (ngt khng che).
Gi :
a. V lc hot ng ca vi x l k t lc RESET
RESE
T

BUS- Hiz

DMA
?A

DMA Mode
N
PC -> Stack

Y
INT?

NMI

Flag -> Stack

Chng trnh phc v
ngt
Y

N
IE?

c lnh, gii m lnh, thc hin lnh

+, Sau khi n Reset, CPU kim tra xem vxl c ch vo ra trc tip
DMA hay khng, nu c th thc hin a cc ng bus A, D, C ln trng
thi cao tr v thc hin ch DMA.

+, Nu khng ch DMA th s kim tra xem c ngt hay khng, nu

khng th thc hin chng trnh chnh, c lnh, gii m lnh thc hin
lnh.
+, Nu nh c ngt th s kim tra xem c phi l ngt khng che c
hay khng, nu l ngt khng che c th tin hnh ct cc c, PC vo ngn
xp, thc hin chng trnh phc v ngt n khi gp lnh RETI xong ly
c, PC ra ri thc hin c lnh, gii m lnh, thc hin lnh ca chng
trnh chnh
+, Nu nh khng phi ngt NMI th kim tra xem c c php ngt khng,
nu khng c php ngt th c lnh, gii m lnh, thc hin lnh ca
chng trnh chnh. Nu c php ngt th ct c, PC vo ngn xp, thc
hin chng trnh phc v ngt n khi gp lnh RETI xong ly c, PC ra
ri thc hin c lnh, gii m lnh, thc hin lnh ca chng trnh chnh.
b. Vecto Reset v vecto ngt c th trng nhau bi v vecto RESET chnh
l 1 vecto ngt. Tra trong bng th vecto RESET c s hiu l 00H v l
1 vecto ngt.
c. Ngt NMI l ngt bng phn cng dng phng nhng trng hp
ngt bng phn mm khng hot ng c th dng ngt NMI dng
chng trnh, bo v thit b.
25:
a. Kin trc phn cng ca h vi x l
b. Vai tr ca mch gii m a ch
c. Bng cch no CPU c th trao i vi thit b ngoi vi?
27:
a. Trnh by phng thc iu khin vo ra bng chng trnh, iu khin
y l iu khin g ?
b. Nu u khuyt im ca phng thc ny ?
Gi :
a. Phng thc iu khin vo ra bng chng trnh l phng thc s dng
chng trnh trao i d liu gia ngoi vi v CPU.
- C 2 phng thc iu khin vo ra bng chng trnh.
1. Phng php u tin quay vng:

Start

Rdy0

Y
Trao i I/O 0

Y
Rdy1

Trao i I/O 1

Y
Rdyn

Trao i I/O n

Phng php u tin quay vng l phng php m khi bt u chng trnh,
n s kim tra xem I/O th nht c nhu cu trao i hay khng, nu c th n s
tin hnh trao i vi ngoi I/O 0, sau n li quay li hi ngoi vi th nht
cho n khi ngoi vi th nht khng cn nhu cu trao i s chuyn xung hi
ngoi vi tip theo. Sau n s tin hnh trao i vi ngoi vi th 2 cho n khi
ngoi vi ny khng cn nhu cu trao i th n s kim tra ngoi vi th 3. C
nh vy cho n ht.
2. Phng php u tin tuyt i.

Start

Y
Rdy0

Trao i I/O 0
N

Y
Rdy0

Trao i I/O 1

Y
Rdy0

Trao i I/O n

phng php ny, khi bt u chng trnh, n s kim tra xem I/O u tin
c nhu cu trao i d liu hay khng, nu c s thc hin trao i vi I/O th
nht nu khng s hi xung I/O th 2. Nu c s trao i vi I/O th 2 sau
li quay li hi I/O th nht Nh vy phng php ny, th t u tin trao
i s gim dn.
- iu khin y l iu khin. (khng nh, anh em t tm ))
b. Nu u v nhc im
* u im: Cu trc n gin, d cho ngi vit chng trnh kim sot li,
thay i mc u tin do c th thay i v tr I/O
* Nhc im:
+, Tn thi gian hi ngoi vi khng c nhu cu trao i d liu do lm
cho CPU b chm, khng c thi gian ngh, gy tiu tn nng lng.

+, Nu ngoi vi th k no b li v lun tch cc th cc ngoi vi c mc u

tin thp hn s khng th trao i d liu.
(Ni chung nhc im th nhiu m u im th t, t dng. Do ny nhc lm
vi (((().
29:
a. Trnh by phng thc iu khin vo ra bng ngt.
b. Nu u, khuyt im ca phng thc ny, nu s ging v khc nhau so
vi phng thc iu khin vo ra bng chng trnh.
Gi :
a. Ci ny th v s nh bn ngt ri trnh by nh sau:
Mem

CPU

I/O 0

I/O k

INT

cch iu khin vo ra bng ngt th mi I/O c 1 ng tn hiu Ryn.

Nu nh bnh thng khng c nhu cu trao i th Ryn=1. Khi 1 I/O no
c nhu cu th Ryn=0 thng qua mch AND to ra 1 tn hiu bng 0.
Tn hiu ny c a vo chn INT (tch cc mc thp) bo rng c
ngoi vi cn trao i d liu, ng thi cc ng Ryn c a vo b
cht Latch v ch .
Lc ny CPU kim tra xem ngt c chp nhn khng, nu c n
s gi tn hiu INTA, tn hiu ny c a vo b cht Latch cho php
d liu i t b cht Latch i ln 1 trong 8 ng D_bus. Sau d liu
i t D_bus s vo thanh ghi trong CPU. Ti y CPU s kim tra xem
I/O no c nhu cu trao i d liu.

b. * u im: tn thi gian hi ngoi vi v ci no c nhu cu th mi

ngt, t tng tc ca CPU.
* Nhc im: Do khi trao i th ch trao i c vi 1 ngoi vi nn
nu s liu trao i ca 1 I/O no m ln th cc I/O khc t c c hi
trao i d liu.
* im ging nhau: Vic trao i d liu u phi thng qua CPU, u
iu khin bng cc cu lnh do ngi lp trnh vit ra.
* Khc nhau:
+, Vo ra bng ngt th ci no c nhu cu trao i mi ngt v trao i
ngoi vi cn vo ra bng chng trnh th n phi kim tra tt c cc
ngoi vi theo th t u tin m khng cn bit n c nhu cu trao i d
liu hay khng.
+, vo ra bng ngt th cc lnh iu khin nm chng trnh phc
v ngt v CPU gi n nh 1 chng trnh con cn vo ra bng chng
trnh th cc lnh iu kin nm trong thn chng trnh chnh.

31:
a. Trnh by phng thc iu khin vo ra bng truy nhp trc tip b nh.
b. Nu u khuyt im ca phng thc ny, im khc chnh ca phng
php ny so vi 2 phng php kia l g?
Gi :
a. truy nhp trc tip bng b nh cn c 1 b DMAC. Qu trnh truy
nhp trc tip DMA nh sau:
+, I/Ox cn trao i d liu n s gi tn hiu yu cu DMA_Rq
n b DMAC. B DMAC se gi tn hiu DMAC_Rq ti CPU ng thi gi s
lng byte m I/O cn trao i, a ch Mem truy nhp.
+, Nu CPU cho php truy nhp trc tip th n s gi v DMAC tn hiu
DMAC_hold ng thi a cc ng bus A, D, C ln trng thi cao tr,
nhng quyn iu khin vo ra cho DMAC.
+, DMAC gi tn hiu DMA_ACK cho I/Ox cho php I/Ox trao i d liu
trc tip vi b nh.
+, Sau k hi trao i d liu xong th I/Ox li gi tn hiu DMA_Rq n b
DMAC. DMAC mi gi tn hiu DMAC_rq n CPU bo rng vic trao i

d liu xong. Lc ny CPU mi a cc ng bus A, D, C v trng thi

bnh thng, dnh li quyn iu khin ng thi gi tn hiu DMAC_unhold.
DMAC mi gi tn hiu DMA_Acc cho I/Ox bo kt thc ch DMA.
b. * u im: Tc trao i d liu nhanh, p ng c vic nu trao i
d liu vi s lng ln.
* Nhc im: Gi thnh ca b DMAC kh l cht v n c cu to
phc tp, i hi c th lm c cc nhim v nh CPU. Nhc im
th 2 l nu nh ang ch DMA m t nhin ci b DMAC b d
chng chp mch th CPU s khng th ly li quyn iu khin cc
ng bus, h thng s khn th phc hi li.
khc phc nhc im ny th thng ngi ta s dng 1 h iu
hnh thi gian thc (khng nh r lm). Ci ny c ngha l mi phng
thc iu khin ch tn ti trong 1 khong thi gian nht nh, v sau thi
gian th CPU s ly li quyn iu khin ca mnh.
* im khc ln nht ca phng thc ny so vi cc phng thc iu
khin khc l phng thc ny cho php trao i trc tip gia I/O vo
b nh m khng cn thng qua CPU, qu trnh trao i do 1 b DMAC
iu khin ch khng phi l CPU iu khin.
2:
a. Trnh by nguyn l hot ng ca cng vo ra khng i thoi, c i
thoi.
b. V biu thi gian ca cc tn hiu handshaking STB, IBF
Gi : C i thoi v khng i thoi nn v ci s cho d ni, v hnh v
kh rc ri i vi Word nn thi anh em i hc ri chu kh v vo.
a. * Vo ra khng i thoi:
Khi CPU cn c d liu, n gi a ch ca nh cn ly d liu vo
mch gii m a ch ng thi gi tn hiu Rd (tch cc mc thp). 2 tn
hiu ny i qua mch OR lm tn hiu OE (tch cc mc thp) cho b
m Buffer, cho php d liu i t I/O qua b m Buffer i vo CPU.
* Vo ra c i thoi:
+, u tin I/O gi d liu ln b cht tn hiu Latch ng thi gi tn
hiu STB, tn hiu ny c a vo chn CS ca b Latch cht d
liu.
+, ng thi tn hiu STB c a vo chn CLK ca 1 D-FF. Do D-FF
ny c D= 1 nn u ra Q= 1. u ra Q ny li c ni vi chn IBF
ca I/O (Input Buffer Full) bo rng d liu a ln y, khng a
d liu ln na.

+, Chn Q cn c ni vi chn INT ca CPU bo ngt. Khi Q= 1 th

chn INT= 1 n s bo cho CPU bit c I/O cn trao i d liu. Lc ny
CPU s tm dng chng trnh chnh thc hin qu trnh trao i d
liu vi I/O.
+, Lc ny CPU s gi a ch qua mch gii m a ch ng thi gi tn
hiu Rd (tch cc mc thp). 2 tn hiu ny c i qua mch OR to tn
hiu a vo chn OE (tch cc mc thp) ca b m Buffer, cho php
d liu i t Buffer i vo CPU.
+, 1 phn tn hiu ny (tn hiu sau khi i qua mch OR) c a vo
chn CLR ca D-FF lm cho Q= IBF= 0 bo rng qu trnh trao i d
liu hon tt
b. Ci biu thi gian th anh em t v.
Ci ny trao i thm 1 t v mnh i vn p trng cu ny nn ni thm
t thi. Hm sau khi trnh by xong c cu a, b th thy hi thm my
cu hi ph.
- Gi c 1 ci MCS- 51 v 1 ci I/O, em hy v cch ghp ni gia
MCS- 51 v I/O c th cc chn ni th no, sau v biu thi gian.
- Em hy cho bit hot ng ca MCS- 51 (khng phi ca vxl u nha
my thm) sau khi n nt RESET.
- Em hy cho bit MCS- 51 c th kt ni trc tip vi b DMAC hay
khng, nu c th n c ghp ni nh th no?
Ni chung nh th ny cn t v mnh ngi hi c 30 l xong, c my
thnh khn kh vt v gn 2 ting ng h mi xong. Vi cu nh th
cho cc bn hnh dung c kiu hi n th no.
4:
a. Trnh by nguyn l hot ng ca cng ra n gin, c i thoi.
b. V biu thi gian cc tn hiu handshaking ACK, OBF..,
Gi : V cu ny n kiu tng t cu trn nn thi mnh s khng trnh by
y na. Do ny hi nhc, tt nht m, anh em thng cm ))))

6:
a. Trnh by nguyn l cng vo ra Read- Back, tc dng ca cng ny?
b. Trnh by nguyn l hot ng ca cng vo ra c iu khin theo hng,
theo nhm 8 bit, theo tng bit.
8:

a. Vo ra ni tip: nh ngha, mc ch, nguyn l, ch , phng thc,

nhp truyn.
b. C th dng cng song song vo ra ni tip c khng, gii thch?
Gi :
a. Vo ra ni tip:
+, Vo ra ni tip l phng php vo ra d liu theo tng bit ch s dng
1 ng truyn thay v s dng ng truyn 8 bit nh vo ra song
song.
+, Mc ch: tit kim nguyn vt liu, c th truyn d liu i xa.
+, Nguyn l: vo ra ni tip trc ht cc byte d liu cn chuyn
thnh cc bit ni tip nh thanh ghi dch vo song song- ra ni tip. Tip
theo d liu c truyn qua 1 ng d liu n. u thu s c 1
thanh ghi dch vo ni tip, ra song song nhn d liu ni tip v
chuyn thnh tng byte mt. D liu truyn qua ng thoi th cn
phi chuyn d liu dng nh phn 0,1 thnh dng sng hnh sin. Vic
iu ch ny do b iu ch thc hin.
+, Ch : C 3 ch thu pht d liu:
* n cng: bn thu ch thu, bn pht ch pht.
* Bn song cng: c 2 bn u c th thu hoc pht tuy nhin 1 thi
im th ch c 1 bn thu v 1 bn pht.
* Song cng hon ton: C 2 bn c th ng thi thu v pht.
+, Phng thc truyn: truyn ln lt 8 bit, mi k t c b tr gia bt
khi ng v bit dng. Bit khi ng lun l bit thp v ch c 1 bit. Bit
dng c th c 1 hoc 2 bit (thng l 1 bit) v l bit cao. Ngoi ra ngi
ta cn s dng bit chn l nhm tng kh nng bo ton d liu, bit ny
c gi i sau bit MSB v trc bit dng.
+, Nhp truyn: l s bit truyn c trong 1s.
b. i vi cng vo ra ni tip th cn c thanh ghi dch 8 bit tch byte
d liu thnh 8 bit ni tip. Tuy nhin cng vo ra song song th thng
khng c thanh ghi dch do khng th s dng cng song song
truyn tin ni tip.
10:
a. Trnh vy v cng vo ra ni tip trong h MCS- 51.
b. Hy trnh by r cch s dng bit Parity trong trng hp ny.
Gi :
a. Trnh by v cng vo ra ni tip trong MCS- 51
- 8051 c 2 chn chuyn dng cho truyn v nhn d liu ni tip, 2 chn
ny l RxD v TxD tng ng l 2 chn P3.0 v P3.1 (trong vxl l chn

s 10 v 11). Cc chn ny tng thch mc logic TTL do cn b iu

khin ng truyn tng thch vi RS232.
- Port hot ng theo ch song cng, cho php 1 k t c nhn v
lu trong b m trong khi k t tip theo c nhn vo.
- truy xut Port ni tip, phn mm s dng 2 thanh ghi SBUF v
SCON .
+, SBUF nh 1 b m, mun byte d liu truyn qua TxD th n cn t
d liu trong SBUF. Tng t SBUF lu 1 byte d liu khi n c nhn
qua ng RxD ca 8051. Byte d liu khi c ghi vo SBUF th n s
c nh khung vi bit Start v bit STOP ri truyn qua TxD. Khi SBUF
nhn c cc bit d liu t RxD th n s m khung loi tr cc bit start,
Stop.
+, SCON l thanh ghi 8 bit cha cc bit trng thi v cc bit iu khin.
SM0

SM1

SM2

REN

TB8

RB8

* Cc bit trng
ch ra s kt thc vic thu hoc pht.
T1 thi R1
* Cc bit iu khin s thit lp ch hot ng ca Port ni tip.
SM0 SM1
Ch
0
0
Ch thanh ghi dch
0
1
Ch 8 bit start stop
1
0
Ch 9 bit
1
1
b. Bit Parity l bit kim tra tnh chn l c k hiu l P nm trong thanh ghi
c bit PSW. Bit ny c np vo bit TB8 ca thanh ghi SCON bng
phn mm. Bit l chn khi tng s cc s 1 ca bit d liu l chn v bit
chn s c gi tr bng 0. Bit c gi tr 1 khi tng s cc s 1 ca byte d
liu l 1 s l.
Lu nu nh ban u ta nh sn byte d liu c bit Parity l bit chn
m bn thu li l l th ngha l d liu b truyn sai, nhng nu nh
bn thu m li l chn th ta cha c kt lun g.
VD kim tra chn l ta dng on lnh
MOV C, P
CPL C
MOV TB8, C
MOV SBUF, A
12:
a. Vo ra ni tip d b: nh ngha, mc ch, phng php ng b.
b. Nu mt hn ch ca chun RS232C, cch khc phc.
Gi :
a. Vo ra ni tip d b.

- nh ngha: Vo ra ni tip d b l phng php truyn mi ln 1 byte

thay v truyn mi ln 1 khi d liu nh phng php ng b.
- Mc ch: L khi pht tn hiu khng phi pht theo xung clock ng
b phc tp.
- Phng php ng b: ng b theo tng byte, thm vo cc bit khi
u v bit kt thc.
b. Hn ch ca chun RS232C l do chun ny ra i trc khi c h vi
mch TTL nn in p vo ra ca chun ny khng tng thch vi TTL.
Hn ch th 2 ca n l khng th truyn d liu khong cch xa v d
b nhiu tn hiu.
khc phc nhc im u tin, ngi ra s dng 1 b bin i in
p nh MAX232 chuyn i mc in p TTL sang mc in p ca
RS232 v ngc li. khc phc hn ch th 2 th c th s dng cc
chun khc nh RS484, RS422hoc phi c cc bin php chng nhiu
ph hp.
14:
(Nh nm mnh (anh) hc thy Tun th cu ny thy bo l b, nhng cc
kha sau th khng r th no nn c vit vy).
a. Mch thi gian trong h vi x l: cng dng, cu trc, hot ng v ghp
ni vi h vi x l.
b. Nu s dng mch thi gian m s kin th ta phi lm g? Nu s
khc bit gia mch thi gian v mch m.
Gi :
a. Mch thi gian trong h vi x l:
Cng dng: Dng to tr thi gian hoc lm b m m cc
s kin xy ra bn ngoi b vi x l.
Cu trc:
TFx
Px.m

NHmax

NLmax

THx

TLx

N0H

N0L

OSC

 B dao ng thch anh m thi gian

1 mch chia
B m thi gian
Cc thanh ghi t gi tr u v gi tr cui.
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Khi c php hot ng th b m s tng t
N0 -> N0max. Khi t n gi tr max th s pht ra 1 xung gi l
xung TF (Timer Overflow) c tc dng l bo trn. C TF lc
ny s c bt ln. Sau 1 chu k th c s t xa v gi tr m
s v 0.
C 2 ch hot ng:
Ch Input Capture: khi pht xung b m s lu li gi tr
hin ti vo 1 thanh ghi v b m vn chy n Nmax.
Ch Output Capture: L ch so snh gi tr b m vi
gi tr t.
b. Nu s dng mch thi gian m s kin th ta t ngun to xung
clock to xung da trn vic xy ra 1 s kin.
- S khc bit gia mch thi gian v mch m:
+, Mch thi gian c xung c a t ngoi vo, thng l xung dao
ng thch anh nn c chu k bit trc.
+, Mch m s kin th khi no c s kin xy ra, b m mi hot
ng. Do chu k l cha bit trc.
16:
a. Mch thi gian trong h MCS-51 ca Intel: m t cc thanh ghi lin
quan.
b. Cc ch hot ng v ng dng ca cc ch
c. S dng ngt vi mch thi gian nh th no?
Gi :
a. Mch thi gian trong h MCS-51 ca Intel c 2 thanh ghi l thanh ghi
TMOD v TCON.
Thanh ghi TMOD:
GATE
C/T
M1
M0
GATE
C/T
M1
Trong 4 bit u dnh cho Timer 1, 4 bit sau dnh cho Timer 0.

M0

+, Bit GATE nhn 2 gi tr l 0 hoc 1, n dng la chn ch iu

khin. GATE= 0 ch chy khi bit TRx= 1. Khi Timer chn ch iu

khin bng phn mm. Bit GATE= 1, khi Timer chn ch iu khin
bng phn cng => iu khin bng ngt
+, Bit C/T cho php la chn ch Timer hay Counter.
+, 2 bit M1 v M0 dng la chn ch cho Timer
M1= 0, M0= 0: ch 13 bit trong 5 bit cao c t trc. (an
hem tm hiu 5 bit t trc ny l th no, thy c c th hi)
M1=0 M0= 1: ch 16 bit s dng c THx v TLx m t 0000H
n FFFFH
M1= 1 M0= 0: ch Auto reload l b nh thi 8 bit do ch c
th m t 00H n FFH vo thanh ghi THx ca b nh thi cn
TLx l thanh ghi m. y TLx s cha gi tr bt u ngha l khi
TLx m n gi tr max th b m s t ng m li bt u t
gi tr nm thanh ghi TLx.
M1=1 M0=1: 2 thanh ghi THx, TLx l 2 b m c lp 8 bit (ch
ny t dng).
Thanh ghi TCON:
TF1
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
- TF1/ TF0: bo trn cho T/C1 v T/C0.
- TR1 TR0: khi chy cho T/C1 T/C0.
4 bit cn li c dng cho ngt vi mch thi gian, s gii thch
phn sau.
b. Cc ch hot ng: c 4 ch hot ng nu trn, v ng dng th
t tm )))
c. S dng ngt vi mch thi gian nh th no:
s dng ngt vi mch thi gian, ta s dng 4 bit IE1/0 IT1/0 ca
thanh ghi TCON
Cc bit IT1/0 l cc bit xc nh mc ngt phn cng cho 2 chn
INT1 v INT0. Khi Reset thi 2 bit ny bng 0 ngha l ngt mc
thp.
IE0 v IE1 dng xc nh kiu ngt kch sn pht xung. Nu IT1
v IT0 bng khng th IE1 v IE0 khng c tc dng. Cc bit IE1 v
IE0 dng cht sng pht xung t cao xung thp trn INT1 v
INT0
Khi c chuyn trang thi sn xung trn INT1 v INT0 th 8051
chuyn cc bit IE1 IE0 t 0 ln 1.
18:
a. Trnh by k thut qut gii m phm.

b. C th dng k thut ny xc inh m ca 2 phm cng nhn hay khng?

Gii thch?
c. Nu dng k thut ny theo cch iu khin bng ngt c c khng? Gii
thch?
Gi :
a. Trnh by k thut qut gii m phm.
Cch 1: Qut bng chng trnh.
+5V

Px.0
Px.1
Px.2
Px.3
Px.4
Px.5
Px.6
Px.7

star
t

H0=0, Cx=1,
Hx=1

Hx=0, Cx= 1
Mov A, Px

Mov A,Px

ANL A, #F0H

ANL A, #F0H

N
A=
F0H?

Y
Khng c
phm n

A= F0H?

N
H0 c phm n

N
A=E0H
?

Y
C0 n

N
A=D0
H?

H1=0, Hx=1,
Cx=1
c ct v

Y
C1 n

A= F0H?

N
H1 c phm
n

A=B0H
?

Y
C2 n

c ct v

N
A=70H
?

H2=0, Hx=1, Cx=1

Y
C3 n

A= F0H?

N
H2 c phm n

H3=0, Hx=1, Cx=1

c ct v

A= F0H?

N
H3 c phm n

B1: Xc nh ct bng cch cho cc ct bng 0, cc hng bng 1 sau oc ct

v bng cch:
Mov A, Px
ANL A, #F0H
B2: t 1 hng bng 0, cc hng cn li bng 1. c v kim tra ln lt cc ct
- Nu bng 0 th xc inh c ct hng.
- Nu khc 0 th tip tc qut.
B3: Sau t hng tip theo bng 0, cc hng cn li bng 1. c v kim tra
cc ct nh bc 2 cho n ht.
Cch 2: Khi dng ngt.
Khi kim tra cc ct c phm bm th qua cng AND cho gi tr bng 0 v i
vo ngt, khi mi kim tra.
b. K thut ny khng th xc nh m ca 2 phm cng nhn. Khi c 2 phm
cng nhn th ty thuc vo chng trnh ca mnh vit th n s thc hin
theo th t trc sau. Ngha l n vn ch xc nh c m ca tng phm
m khng xc nh c m ca 2 phm nhn cng lc.
c. K thut ny c th dng theo cch iu khin bng ngt ( trnh by nh
trn, ng ra phi v ra nhng nhc v qu. Thc ra n ging vi ci s
trn nhng khc ci l 4 tn hiu Px.4- Px.7 s c gom a vo 1 cng
AND, u ra ca cng AND s c a vo INT ).
20:
a. Trnh by k thut o dy gii m bn phm
b. C th dng k thut ny xc nh m ca 2 phm cng nhn hay khng?
Gii thch?
c. K thut ny thch hp vi phng thc iu khin no? Gii thch?
Gi :
a. Trnh by k thut o dy
u tin ta xc nh ct:
- Cho cc hng bng 0, cc ct bng 1 sau c ct v:
mov A, Px
ANL A, #F0H
T ta xc nh c ct, n tng t nh i vi qut gii m phm.
- Do vai tr ca hng v ct l nh nhau nn ta o v tr ct v hng, sau
tng t thc hin nh trn. T ta s xc nh c hng.

Ni th hi kh hiu, ta v d vi ci hnh v 18. Gi s phm c

nhn l hng 0 ct 0, phm ch chm en. Ban u khi cho cc hng bng
0, cc ct bng 1 nh vy khi c ct v ta c A=11110000= F0H. Nu gi
tr c v l F0H ngha l khng c phm n. Lc c phm n v tr nh
trn, lc ny C0 tng ng vi Px.4=0 nh vy c v ta s c
A=11100000H= E0H. Kim tra nu l m E0H th ngha l ct 0 c phm
nhn. Sau o v tr hng v ct, lm tng t xc nh hng. Minh ha
s khi

Start

Hx=0 Cx=1
Mov A, Px
ANL A, #F0H
N

A=F0H
?
N

A=
E0H?

A=D0H
?
N

A=B0H
?
N

A=70H?

Y
Khng c phm
n
Y
Ct 0
nhn
Y
Ct 1
nhn
Y
Ct 2
nhn
Y
Ct 3
nhn

b. K thut ny cng khng xc nh c m ca 2 phm nhn cng 1 lc v

ty thuc vo chng trnh ca mnh vit m khi nhn 2 phm cng lc th
n s thc hin theo th t trc sau, ngha l vn ch xc nh c m ca
tng phm.
c. K thut ny thch hp vi phng thc iu khin bng ngt v vic iu
khin vo ra bng ngt cho php CPU c thi gian ngh, ch khi no c phm
n lc mi kim tra, khc vi khi iu khin bng chng trnh th ngay
c khi khng c phm no n vn kim tra.
22:
a. Nu cc phng php c th ghp ni gia vi x l v hin th LED 7 thanh
nhiu ch s?
b. Bng cch no ta c th iu khin LED hay bng si t sang dn v ti
dn?
Gi :
a. C 3 phng php ghp ni gia vi x l v hin th LED 7 thanh nhiu
ch s gm:
H vi mch cht d liu
H ny c cc ng d liu chung i vo cc n thng qua vi mch
cht d liu (hay s dng cn 7447). Cc n LED c iu khin
bi li vo iu khin cht d liu. H ny dng cho cc LED s.
Nhc im ca n l con 7447 khng gii m c du chm nn
phi s dng du chm tnh.
H nhiu LED c ng d liu ni trc tip vi cng
h ny cc cng ra ca vi x l c ni trc tip vi 8 anot (hoc
catot ty vo cch mc ca LED) ca LED 7 thanh thng qua 1 con
in tr hn dng.
Nhc im ca h ny l rt tn cng ca vi x l, do ch s
dng vi nhng h cn t LED
H c ng dy d liu D0-D7 chung cho mi n
Phng php ny cn c 1 cng iu khin LED thng qua cc
Anot hay Catot chung. Chng trnh a d liu ra hin th LED qua
2 bc:
- a d liu l m 7 thanh ra ng dy D0-D7 qua cng Px
- a tn hiu iu khin tranzito t Px cho tng tranzito v lm sang
cc n LED tng ng.
(ng ra my ci ny phi c hnh, mi ti mi ci win, khng c
proteus hay antium, anh em i hc chu kh chp ca thy)
b. iu khin LED sang dn hay ti dn, ngi ta s dng DAC. Nguyn l
ca n l iu khin dng in. Nh c b DAC ngi ta s iu chnh

c dng in u ra ca DAC n s tng hay gim dn, qua s iu

chnh c dng in qua LED nn lm n sang hay ti dn.
24:
a. Hy m t cch ghp ni gia vi x l v ADC iu khin bng
chng trnh v bng ngt
b. Nu cch ghp ni gia MCS-51 v ADC0800. Bit rng ADC0800 c
cc tn hiu iu khin: Bt u chuyn i- SOC, kt thc chuyn iEOC, v cho php a s liu ra OE.
Gi :
a. M t cch ghp ni gia vi x l v ADC0800
y mnh dng ADC0801 v trong proteus khng c con kia, mch v
hi xu, ch yu m t ch no ni ch no thi, v ra giy th an hem
chnh li cho chp. C th hn th an hem download datasheet ca con
ADC0801 v xem n tng t nh 0800. Cho link lun:
http://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheetpdf/view/8093/NSC/ADC0801.html

+, t cng P2.6= WR tch cc mc thp (khng tm c ci gch trn

u u nn vit th t hiu). Ci ny nn tch cc mc thp sau
chu trnh cp ngun th n m bo hot ng
=> bt u chuyn i cn 1 xung thp ln cao.
+, t chn P2.7=0 khi kt thc chuyn i
+, P2.5= RD tch cc mc thp c d liu t ADC
+, P1.0- P1.7 ni vi cc ng d liu D0-D7 ca ADC.

*Qu trnh chuyn i

- Bt ALE=1 v gi 1 xung thp ln cao ti chn Start bt u chuyn
i
- Duy tr hin th chn EOC (tcmt). Nu chn EOC (tcmt) xung thp th
vic chuyn i hon tt. Nu EOC (tcmt) mc cao th tip tc chuyn
i.
- Sau khi EOC (tcmt) xung thp, ta li bt ALE=1 gi 1 xung thp ln
cao n chn OE ly d liu chuyn i t ADC.
26:
a. Hy trnh by v t chc b nh trong h MCS-51
b. Bng cch no h 8051 truy nhp c nhiu nh c chung a ch?
(trong/ ngoi/ SFR)
Gi :
a. T chc b nh trong h MCS- 51
B nh trong h MCS- 51 c chia lm 2 phn: B nh trong v b nh
ngoi.
* B nh trong gm 4kB ROM v 128 kB RAM . RAM bao gm nhiu
vng nh vi cc mc ch khc nhau.
- Vng RAM a dng: 30H- 7FH: 80 byte c th truy xut mi ln 8 bit
bng cch dng ch a ch trc tip hay gin tip
- Vng a ch ha tng bit 20H- 2FH (gm 128 bit c nh a ch bit
t 00H- 7FH) c th truy xut 1 ln 8 bit hoc truy xut mi ln 1 bit
bng cc lnh x l bit.
- Cc bank thanh ghi (00H- 7FH) c 4 bank. Mi bank c i din bi
8 thanh ghi R0- R7. Do c 4 bank nn ti 1 thi im ch c 1 bank thanh
ghi c truy xut bi cc thanh ghi R0- R7. Vic thay i bank thanh
ghi c th thc hin thng qua thanh ghi trng thi PSW.
- Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit SFR 80H- 0FFH.
* B nh ngoi
- MCS 51 c b nh theo cu trc Harvard, b nh chng trnh v b
nh d liu c tch ring ra bao gm 64kB b nh chng trnh v
64kB b nh d liu.
- B nh chng trnh c truy xut thng qua chn PSEN (ROM
ngoi)
- B nh d liu truy xut thng qua RD hoc WR
- B nh chng trnh lun s dng a ch 16 bit cn b nh d liu c
th l 8/16 bit. Khi dng b nh d liu 8 bit th c th xem Port 2 nh l
Port I/O thng thng cn khi dng truy xut vi 16 bit th Port 2 ch
dng lm cc bit a ch cao (16 bit DPTR 8 bit R0, R1).

- Port 0 l a ch thp/ d liu a hp. Tn hiu ALE tch byte a ch v

d liu b cht ngoi.
b. C th truy nhp nhiu nh c chung a ch v cc vng khng gian
nh (trong/ ngoi/ SFR) tch bit nhau, do c th trng a ch vi
nhau. truy nhp nhiu nh c chung a ch, ta c th da vo tn
hiu iu khin, hay ni ng hn l phn bit da vo cu lnh.
VD: MOV dng vi ram trong, MOVX dng vi RAM ngoi, PSEN
dng vi ROM.
28:
a. Trnh by kin trc v nguyn l hot ng ca my tnh theo Von
Neumann.
b. Kin trc Harvard ca MCS-51 c im g khc bit so vi nguyn l
trn.
Gi :
a. Kin trc ca my tnh theo Von Neumann
Theo Von Neumann, my tnh c kin trc gm 2 phn chnh l memory
v CPU, ngoi ra cn c h thng vo ra I/O.
- lin kt gia cc phn, ngi ta s dng cc ng bus gm A_bus,
D_bus, C_bus.
- CPU c cu trc gm:
o Thanh ghi: lu tr thng tin tm thi
o ALU: khi x l s hc v logic
o CU: ni gii m lnh, iu khin, xc nh cc thao tc.
- B nh: bao gm b nh chng trnh v b nh d liu dng lu tr
d liu, cc chng trnh.
* Nguyn l hot ng
- CPU ch thc hin 1 tp lnh nht nh.
- Lun hot ng theo nguyn tc a ch: Khi CPU mun trao i
d liu vi b nh hay ngoi vi u thng qua a ch ca n.
- CPU thc hin cc lnh 1 cch tun t. CPU lm c iu ny l
nh c b m chng trnh.
- Tp hp cc lnh to thnh chng trnh. Chng trnh ny qua 1
trnh bin dch a ra m nh phn v lu tr trong b nh.
- thc hin cc lnh r nhnh c iu kin phi cn c vo cc c
nhy.
b. Kin trc Harvard ca MCS-51 khc bit so vi nguyn l Von Neumann
l trong khi theo nguyn l Von Neumann lun hot ng theo nguyn tc
a ch, ngha l khng th truy cp ng thi b nh chng trnh v b

nh d liu do 2 b nh ny c chung khng gian nh. Tuy nhin kin

trc Harvard b nh chng trnh v b nh d liu c tch ring ra do
c th truy nhp ng thi 2 vng ny ti 1 thi im.
30:
a. Hy trnh by cc bc cn thit 1 yu cu v ngt t INT0 ca h
MCS-51 c th xy ra.
b. Hy lp trnh ngt T0 c mc u tin cao hn INT0.
32:
a. Hy trnh by v bus ca h vi x l.
b. Ghp ni vi MCS-51 theo cng v bus khc nhau th no?
c. Bn hy cho bit nhng kin trc bus m bn bit.
Gi :
a. Trnh by h bus ca vi x l:
- Bus l cc ng tn hiu c chc nng lin kt CPU vi b nh v
cc thit b ngoi vi.
- C 3 ng bus l:
+, A_bus: c chc nng truyn a ch tham chiu ti cc khu vc
b nh v ch ra d liu c lu tr u trong khng gian nh.
S lng ng bus lin quan n khng gian nh.
+, D_bus: chc nng l truyn ti thng tin theo 2 chiu gia CPU
v b nh hoc cc thit b ngoi vi. rng bus s xc nh c
lng d liu c th trao i trn bus.
+, C_bus: Phc v truyn ti cc thng tin d liu iu khin
hot ng ca h thng.
b. im khc nhau gia ghp ni MCS-51 theo cng v bus l:
Ghp ni MCS-51 theo cng th khng cn c b gii m a ch DEC v
ngoi vi c ghp ni trc tip vi cc cng ca vi x l v cc cng
ny c sn a ch. CPU s bit sn a ch ca ngoi vi cn trao i d
liu.
Ghp ni MCS-51 theo bus th cn c mch gii m a ch v ghp ni
theo bus th gho ni vi nhiu nga vi nn cn DEC bit I/O no cn
trao i d liu khi c nhu cu.
c. C 3 kiu kin trc bus l kiu vng, thng v hnh sao. Ci ny phi v
ra, anh em ln mng tm m v nha.

Phn 2: BI TP.