L12 Deflections Double Integration

Unit III Deflection in Beams
Syllabus:
Computation of slopes and deflections of determinant beams
using,
Double integration method
Macaulay's methods
Area moment method
Conjugate beam method
Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Dept. of Civil Engg., SVCE

Objective:
To learn concepts and mechanism of slope and
deformation in beams


References:
1. Rajput.R.K. Strength of Materials, S.Chand and Co, New
Delhi, 2007.
2.Bhavikatti. S., "Solid Mechanics", Vikas publishing house
Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2010.
3. Junnarkar.S.B. andShah.H.J, Mechanics of Structures, Vol
I, Charotar Publishing House, New Delhi,1997.

Differential equation of deflected beam:
Consider an elemental length
C
Y
PQ= ds of a curve .
R
Let the tangents at P and Q make
Q
R
angles and + with the
ds
x-axis.
Let the normals at P and Q meet

+
at C.
O of the curve at any pointX
Then C is called the centre of curvature
between P and Q , on the curve.
The distance CP= CQ=R is called the radius of curvature at any
point between P and Q on the curve.

Obviusly =
Or =
R
Q
R
ds
But we know that if (, ) be

the coordinates of P,
= tan ,
=sin
= cos


sec
=
=
=
i
tan =
Differentiating with respect to x,

We have,
2
sec
2
2
C
R
Q
R
ds
=
(ii)
2
sec

2
C
Y
=
(ii)
2
sec
R
Substituting it in equation (i)
Q
R
ds
we get,
sec
sec
P
=
= 2
O
sec 2
sec 3
= 2

2

sec 3
C
Y
= 2

R
2
2
Q
R
1
2
ds
= 3
sec
P
2
1
2
+
=
3
O
2
sec 2
2
1
2
=
3
1 + 2 2

2
C
Y
1
2
=
3
R
1 + 2 2
Q
R
For a particular member bent due
ds
to the bending moment, the slope
tan at any point is small

+
quantity.
O
Hence tan2 can be ignored.
1 2
= 2


Y
1 2
= 2

If M be the bending moment
which has produced the radius of
curvature R we have

=
1
=
O

2
= 2

=
C
R
Q
R
ds

10

Methods to find slope and deflection of beams:
1. Double integration method
2. Mecaulays method
3. Area Moment method
4. Conjugate beam method

11

1. Double integration method:
Differential equation of deflected beam is
2
2 = M
With first time integrating,
= , where
=
With second time integrating,
, where y = deflection
On integration, two constants 1 and 2 will be introduced. These

constants can be determined by using end conditions.
12

Problem:
Using double integration method, find slope and deflection of
cantilever beam of length L carrying a point load at the free
end.

13

Solution:
Consider any section XX at a distance
from the fixed end A.
B
X
L m
The bending moment at the section is given by

2
2 = w
Integrating, we get
=
+ 1
Where 1 is the constant of integration.

14

Solution:
At A, the fixed end, the slope being zero.
We have at =
0,
=0
B
X
L m
0
(0) = (0)
+ 1
2
1 = 0
2

=
i Slope equation.
2
Integrating again, we get
2 3
=
+ 2
2
6
15

Solution:
2 3
=
+ 2
2
6
B
X
L m
At A, the fixed end, the deflection being zero.

We have at = 0, = 0
0
(0) = (0)
+ 2
6
2 = 0
2 3
=
ii deflection equation.
2
6
Hence the slope and deflection at any section can be determined
by equations (i) and (ii).
16

Solution:
The slope and deflection at the free end
can be determined by putting = in
the equation.
Let slope and deflection at B be
B
X
L m
and respectively.
We have,
= w .

2
2
=

2
17

Solution:
2 3
3
=
=
2 6
3
3
=
3

B
X
L m
18

Problem 2:
Using double integration method, find slope and deflection of
cantilever beam of length L carrying a u.d.l. for whole span.

19

Solution:
Consider any section XX at a distance
from the fixed end A.
w /unit runX
B
X
L m
The bending moment at the section is given by

2
2
2 =
2
Integrating, we get
=
+ 1
6
20

Solution:
At A, the fixed end, the slope being zero.
We have at =
=0
w /unit runX
B
X
L m
3
(0) =
+ 1
6
3
1 =
6
3 3

=
+
i Slope equation.
6
6
Integrating again, we get
4 3
=
+
+ 2
24
6
21

Solution:
4 3
=
+
+ 2
24
6
w /unit runX
B
X
L m
At A, the fixed end, the deflection being zero.

We have at = , = 0
4 3
(0) =
+
() + 2
24
6
4
2 =
8
4 3
4
=
+
ii deflection equation.
24
6
8
Hence the slope and deflection at any section can be determined
by equations (i) and (ii).
22

Solution:
The slope and deflection at the free end
can be determined by putting = 0 in
the equation.
Let slope and deflection at B be
w /unit runX
B
X
L m
and respectively.
We have,
(0)3 3
=
+

6
6
3
=
6
23

Solution:
0 4 3
4
=
+
(0)
24
6
8
4
=
8
i.e., downward deflection of B =
w /unit runX
B
X
L m
4
8

24

Problem 3:
Simply supported beam of span carrying a point load at mid
span. Find maximum slope and deflection.

25

W kN
Solution:
A
B
C
Since the load is symmetrically applied
L/2
L/2
the maximum deflection will occur at
W/2
W/2
mid span.
Each vertical reaction is W/2.
Consider left half AC span.
The B.M. at any section in AC distant from A is given by
2
=+
2
2
Integrating, we get,
2
=
+ 1
4
26

W kN
Solution:
A
B
C
2
=
+ 1
L/2
L/2
4
W/2
W/2
Since the maximum deflection occurs
at mid span C the slope at C is zero.
i.e. at =

,
2
=. 0

0=
4 2
+ 1
2
1 =
16
27

Solution:
2
4
16
i slope eqn.
To find the slope at A, put = 0

L/2
L/2
W/2
W/2
2
=
16
2
W kN
16
= max. slope
Integrating the slope equation, we get,

3 2
=
+ 2
12
16
Since at A, the deflection is zero, = 0, = , 2 = 0
28

Solution:
3 2
=

12
16
.
To find the deflection at C, put =
2
=
12
3
=
48
W kN
C
L/2
L/2
W/2
W/2
2
3
=
16 2
48
Downward deflection at C=Max. deflection =

3
48
29

Problem 4:
Simply supported beam of span l carrying a uniformly
distributed load of w per unit run over the whole span. Find
maximum slope and deflection.

30

Solution:
Since the load is symmetrically applied
the maximum deflection will occur at
mid span.
Each vertical reaction is
w /unit run
B
C
L/2
L/2
.
2
Consider left half AC span.

The B.M. at any section in AC distant from A is given by
2
=+
2
2
2
Integrating, we get,
2 3
+ 1
4
6
31

w /unit run
Solution:
A
B
C
2 3
+ 1
L/2
L/2
4
6
Since the maximum deflection occurs 2

2
at mid span C the slope at C is zero.
i.e. at =

,
2
=0

0=
4 2
6 2
+ 1
3
1 =
24
32

Solution:
2 3 3

=
4
6
24
slope eqn.
To find the slope at A, put = 0

L/2
w /unit run
B
C
L/2
3
=
24
3
24
= max. slope
Integrating the slope equation, we get,

3 4 3
=
+ 2
12
24
24
Since at A, the deflection being zero, at = 0, = , 2 = 0
33

Solution:
3 4 3
=

L/2
12
24
24
.
2
To find the deflection at C, put =
2
=
12
54
=
384
24 2
w /unit run
B
C
L/2
24 2
Downward deflection at C=Max. deflection =

54
384
34

Problem 5:
A Simply supported beam of span carries a uniformly
distributed load for a distance from one support. Find the

2
deflection at the centre.

35
Solution:
A
Let be the deflection at the centre
when the left half of the span is loaded.
If the right half of the span only is

Loaded then also the same deflection
will occur at the centre.
Hence if the left half as well as right

Half are loaded, i.e., if the entire span
Is loaded the deflection at the centre,
54
= 2 =
384
L/2
A
1
L/2
L/2

w /unit run
B
C
L/2
w /unit run
B
C
w /unit run
B
C
L/2
2
2 L/2
36

Problem 6:
Cantilever of length carrying a concentrated load W at a
distance from the fixed end.

37

Solution:
Let
be

the slope at C and be the
deflection at C.
2
=
2
3
A C
( ) B
1
m
2
1
3
The beam will bend only between A and C; but from C to B it
will remain straight since the B.M. between C and B is zero.
Let the end B deflect to 1 and let C deflect to 1 .
38

Solution:
A C
3
3
We have C1 = =
Let 1 2 be perpendicular to B1
3
2 =C1 = =
3
But 2 1 =( )

2
( ) B
2
1
= 2 + 2 1 =
3
3

2
2
39

Problem 7:
Cantilever of length carrying a u.d.l.w per unit run for a
distance from the fixed end.

40
Solution:
A
B
2
3
6
4
=
8
= 2 + 2 1 =
4
8

3
6
41

Problem 8:
Cantilever of length carrying a u.d.l.w per unit run for a
distance from the free end.

42
Solution:
4
4
A
+
8
3
()
6
=
w /unit run X
A
B
X
L m
m
43

Problem 9:
Find the maximum slope and deflection of the cantilever
beam subjected to a uniformly varying load as shown in Fig.
(l-x)
w /unit run
B
X
L m

44

Solution:
3
=
24
4
=
30
(l-x)
w /unit run
B
X
L m

45

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Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Let the normals at P and Q meet

Unit III Deflection in Beams

But we know that if (, ) be

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Differentiating with respect to x,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

to the bending moment, the slope

tan at any point is small

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

With first time integrating,

With second time integrating,

On integration, two constants 1 and 2 will be introduced. These

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

The bending moment at the section is given by

Where 1 is the constant of integration.

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

At A, the fixed end, the deflection being zero.

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

The bending moment at the section is given by

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

At A, the fixed end, the deflection being zero.

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

i.e., downward deflection of B =

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

To find the slope at A, put = 0

Integrating the slope equation, we get,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Downward deflection at C=Max. deflection =

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams