WAJA 2009

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS
FORM FOUR

( Teachers Copy )

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Class : ___________________________

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

Learning Objective
6.1 Find distance between two points.
Learning Outcome
6.1.1 Find the distance between two points using formula.
1. The formula of distance between two points is actually derived from __Pyhagoras__
theorem.
2.By referring to the diagram below, tick the correct equation :
Equation
(a) r 2 t 2 s 2
(b) t 2 s 2 r 2
(c) s 2 r 2 t 2
(d) r 2 t 2 s 2
(e) t 2 r 2 s 2
(f) s 2 r 2 t 2
(g) t 2 s 2 r 2
(h) s 2 t 2 r 2

t
s
r

if correct

3.Complete the equation in the boxes :

z

z2 x2 y2

y2 x2 z2

x
x2 y2 z2

4. Complete the following calculation :

(i)
A

Pythagoras Theorem :
AC 2 AB 2 BC 2

5 cm
B

12 cm

AB =

5 cm

BC =

12 cm

AC

52

=
=

169
13

12 2

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

(ii)

Chapter

y
PR 2 PQ 2 RQ 2

R (7 , 8)

PR

8
RQ =

PR

PQ =

C ( x2 , y2 )

y2

BC =

y1

7.211

42

P (3 , 2)

(iii)

62

PQ 2 RQ 2

y2

y1

AC 2 AB 2 BC 2

A ( x1 , y1 )

AC

x2

x1

AB =

x2

x1

Distance =

) 21 (
x2 x
x 2 x1

Example : (i) Find the distance between C(-3 , 5) and D (2 , -3).

( x 2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2

Substitude :
CD =

3 2 2 5 [3] 2

Solve :

(5) 2 (8) 2

25 64

89

9.434 units

( x 2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 )

5.Find the distance between two points.2

Formula :
Distance =

y)2 y1
x 2 x1

units.

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

(ii) Complete the calculation below :

Find the value of a if the distance between M (3,6) to N (-2,a) is 7.
Formula :
CD = ( x 2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2
Substitude :

Solve :

3 ( 2 )

2 6 a 2

( 5 ) 2 (6 a ) 2 7

2 6 a 2

72

(6 a ) 2
(6 a )

(6 a ) 4.899

6 a 4.899
6 4.899 a
a 1.101

24

24

6 a 4.899
6 4.899 a
a 10.899

(a) Find the distance between P(2 , 5) and Q(-6 , 3).

(b) Find the distance between S(-2, 4) and T(4 , 3).
(c) Find the possible values of p if the distance between the two points A(1 , 2)
and B(p , 14) is 13.
(d) Find the possible values of m if the distance between the two points P(2 , m)
And Q(-1 , 2) is 5.
Answers: (a) PQ = 8.246, (b) ST = 6.083, (c) P = 6, -4 (d) m = 6, -2
6. Complete the table below :
Situation

Implication

(a)

The distance from point M to point N is 5 cm

MN = 5 cm

(b)

The distance of point D from origin is 7 cm.

DO = 7 cm

(c)

Point A and point B is equal distant from point C

AC=BC

(d)

The distance from point R to point S is twice the

distant from point L to point M .

PS=2 LM

(e)

Triangle PQR is an equilateral triangle.

PQ = QR = PR

(f)

The distance of point R from origin is three times

of its distant from point S.

RO=3RS

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

7. Locate the mistake done in the solution in column A and solve the problem correctly in
column B.
A (Wrong solution)
(a) Given that the distance between
points A (2, y) and B (1, 3) is 10 ,
find the values of y .
Solution :
AB = 10

B (Correct solution)
AB =
(2 1) ( y 3 )
2

10

(1) ( y 3) 10
2

(12 2 2 ) (3 2 y 2 ) 10

( y 3) 2 9

(1 4) (9 y ) 10
3 9 y 2 10 0
y2 4 0
y2 4
2

10

( y 3) 9

( y 3) 3
y3 3
y6

y 3 3
y 6

y 2

(b) Find the distance between point L(9, 7) and

point M(-3, 2).
Solution :

ML= (9 [3]) 2 (7 2) 2
= (12) 2 (5) 2
= 144 25
= 119
= 10.91

(d) If point P(3 , k) is equidistant from points

R(3 , -4) and S(-3 , 4), find the value of k.

ML= (9 [3]) 2 (7 2) 2
= (12) 2 (5) 2
= 144 25
= 169
= 13

PR = PS
(3 3) 2 (k [ 4]) 2

Solution :

0 2 ( k 4) 2 6 2 (k 4) 2

PR = RS
(3 3) 2 ( k [4]) 2

k 2 8k 16 36 k 2 8k 16

(3 [ 3]) 2 ( 4 4) 2

16k 36

0 2 (k 4) 2 6 2 (8) 2

(k 4) 2 36 64

36
16
k

( k 4) 100 10

k 4 10
k 6

(3 [3]) 2 ( k 4) 2

k 4 4
k 8

9
or 2.25
4

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

A (Wrong solution)

Chapter

B (Correct solution)

(d) Given the points A(3 , p), B(2 , 3) and

C(1 , -2), find the possible values of p if the
distance of point C to point A is twice its
distance from point B.
Solution :

CA = 2CB
(3 1) 2 ( p [2]) 2
2 ( 2 1) 2 (3 [2]) 2
2 2 ( p 2) 2 2 12 5 2

CA = 2CB
(3 1) 2 ( p [ 2]) 2 2 ( 2 1) 2 (3 [2]) 2

4 ( p 2) 2 41 25
( p 2) 2 104 4

2 2 ( p 2) 2 2 12 5 2

( p 2) 100 10

4 ( p 2) 2 21 25

p 2 10
p 8

( p 2) 2 52 4
( p 2) 48 6.928

p 2 6.928
p 4.928

p 2 6.928
p 8.928

Learning Objective :

p 2 10
p 12

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

6.2 Understand the concept of division of a line segment

6.2.1 Find the midpoint of two given points
1. In the following cases, mark the midpoint of the line segment below as M and state its
coordinates :
y
K
(a) y
(b)
4

(2,2)

G
2

(c)

(2,3)

2
J

(d)

P
4

(2,3)

y
R
4

(3,3)

2
L

L
0

2. Based on the diagram below, point M is the midpoint of the line segment AB, choose
the correct coordinate for the midpoint M.

x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,
y

2
2 B

x 2 x1 y 2 yM1
,

2
2
A ( x1 , y1 )

( x2 , y 2 )

x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,

2
2

x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,
0

2
2

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

3. Match the diagram below :

Segment

Midpoint

A (4, -5) and B (2, -3 )

(-5.5 , 3)

C (-1, 5) and D (-7, -8)

(3a , 2.5b)

E (-4, 8) and F (-7, -2)

(3 , -4)

G(3a, 7b) and H(0, 6b)

(1.5a , 6.5b)

I(-4a, -3b) and (10a, 8b)

(-4 , -1.5)

4.The points P and Q are (a, 2) and (-2, b) respectively. The midpoint of PQ is (3, 4).
Determine the value of a and the value of b.
Sketch the segment :

Q
(3 , 4)

P
Apply formula :
x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,

2
2

Midpoint =

(3 , 4 ) =

a
2

-2 2
,

Compare :
a 2 2 b
,

2
2

(3 , 4 ) =
3
Solve :

a-2

2
6a2

2
8 2b
b
6

2 +b

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

5. Find the coordinate of D if CM = MD.

D
M (8,10)
C (2,4)
x

0
Sketch the segment :
* Let D ( x1 , y1 )

M (8 , 10)

D ( x1 , y1 )

C (2 , 4)
Apply formula :
x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,

2
2

Midpoint =

(8 , 10 ) =
Compare :

(8 , 10 ) =

2 y

10

Solve :
16 = x + 2
x = 14

x +2
,
2

x +2

D (14 , 16)

y+4
2

20 = y + 4
y = 16

y+4

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

6. P(0, 1) , Q(-8, 5) , R(-6, 9) and S are the vertices of a parallelogram. Find the
coordinates of point S.
For square, rectangle,
rhombus and parallelogram,
the diagonals bisect each
other.
B

Sketch :
* Let S ( x1 , y1 )
R (-6 , 9)

Q (-8 , 5)

A
S ()

P (0 , 1)

Apply formula :

x 2 x1 y 2 y1
,

2
2

Midpoint =

Midpoint = Midpoint
of AC
of BD

Midpoint of PR = Midpoint of QS

0
2

1
-6
,
2

Compare :

6 8 x

2
2

Solve :

-8
,
2

x
2

10 5 y

2
2

6 8 x
x2

10 5 y
y 5

S ( 2 , 5)

10

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

Learning Outcomes :
6.2.2 Find coordinates of a point that divides a line according to a given ratio m : n.
1. Complete the table below :
Situation

Ratio

(a)
C
3
2

AB : BC = 2 : 3

AB : AC = 2 : 5

A
(b)

1
Q

3
P

PQ : QR = 3

PQ : PR = 3

(c)
4

KL : LM = 4 : 3
3

KL : KM =

RS : ST =

M
(d)
T

5
2

RS : RT = 2

: 7

R
(e)
F

m
G

FG : GH =

FG : FH =

m+n

n
H

11

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

2. Tick the correct diagram base on the description given.

Situation

Diagram I

Diagram II

(a)

P divides AB internally in
the ratio 3 : 5

L divides MN internally in
the ratio 2 : 1

M
G

K divides GH internally in
the ratio of 3 : 4 .

(b)

(c)

3
3

(d)
A, B and C are three
points on a straight line
such that AB : AC = 2 : 5 .

5
B

A
(e)
Three points K, L and M
are on a straight line such
that the length of KM is 3
times the length of KL.

K
L

1
2

12

L
3

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

3. A and B are the points (8 , 4) and (-2 , -6) respectively. Point P divides line AB in the ratio
3 : 2 . Find the coordinates of P.
Sketch :
Let P (x , y)

B (-2, -6)

P (x , y)

n
P

A (8 , 4)

m
A

Formula :
mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
,

mn
mn

P (x , y ) =

Coordinates of P =

(x , y ) =
3( 2 ) 2( 8 ) 3( 6 ) 2( 4 )
,

3 2
3 2

10

(x , y ) =

-10
,

Compare :
(x , y ) = 2 , -2
Coordinate of P is (2 , -2)
4. A line segment has end points at P (-4, -8) and S (a , 6). Given that point R (2, b) is a
point on the straight line PS such that 3PR=4RS. Find the value of a and b .
Sketch :

3
4

S (a, 6)
3PR = 4RS

R (2 ,b)

4
P (-4 , -8)

13

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

Chapter

Formula :
mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
,

mn
mn

R (2 , b ) =

4( 6 ) 3 ( 8 )
4( a ) 3( 4 )
,

(2 , b ) =
43
43

4a-12

(2 , b ) =

24-24

Compare :
4a 12
7

2=

0
7

b=

Solve :

14 4a 12
4a 26
13
1
a @6
2
2

b0

5. Find the ratio m : n if a certain point divides a line segment internally in the ratio m : n
and
the coordinates of the points are
Sketch :
n
B(6 , 7)
given.
m

Example : If point P(3 , 4)

internally divides the line
segment that connects the points
A(1 , 2) and B(6 , 7) in the ratio
n , find the ratio m : n .

P (3, 4)

A (1, 2)

of m :
Formula :

mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
,

mn
mn

m( 7 ) n ( 2 )
m( 6 ) n( 1 )
,

(3 , 4 ) =
mn
mn

P (3 , 4 ) =

(3 , 4 ) =

6m n
7 m 2n
,

mn
mn

Compare :
3

6m n
mn

Either one

7 m 2n
mn

Solve :

6m n
mn
3m 3n 6m n
3m 6m n 3n
3m 2n
m 2

n
3
m:n 2:3
3

14

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

(a)
joining
in the

Chapter

R
Sketch :

B(6 ,2)

m
P(5 , 3

1
2

A(2 , 8)
Formula :
R (5 , 3

1
mx 2 nx1 my 2 ny1
,

) =
2
mn
mn

m( 2 ) n ( 8 )
m( 6 ) n ( 2 )
,

1
mn
mn

(5 , 3
) =
2
1

(5 , 3
) =
2

2m+8n

6m+2n
mn

mn

Compare :
5=

6m 2n
mn

7 2m 8n
= mn
2

Either one

Solve :

5m 5n 6 m 2 n
5m 6 m 2 n 5n
m 3n
m
3

n
2
m

3
2
m:n

15
3

:2

(5 , 3

1 divides the line

)
2

A(2 , 8) and B(6 , 2) internally

ratio m : n .
Find the ratio m : n .

WAJA 2009 ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (FORM 4)

6: Coordinate Geometry

16

Chapter