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Sains
Tambahan
Kertas 2
Mei
2008
2 jam

Nama :.......................... Tingkatan :

SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN LUTONG
PEPERIKSAAN PENGGAL SATU

SAINS TAMBAHAN
Kertas 2
Dua jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian:

Bahagian A dan Bahagian B.

2.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A dan manamana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B.

3.
4.

5.

Untuk Kegunaan
Pemeriksa
Bahagian Soalan
1

Jawapan kepada kedua-dua bahagian ini hendaklah

diserahkan bersama.
Jawapan kepada Bahagian A hendaklah ditulis
dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan.
Langkah penting dalam kerja mengira hendaklah
ditunjukkan.
Jawapan kepada Bahagian B hendaklah ditulis
pada ruang yang disediakan. Anda diminta
menjawab dengan lebih panjang untuk Bahagian
B, tetapi jawapan mestilah jelas dan logik. Dalam
jawapan anda, persamaan, gambar rajah, jadual,
graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan
jawapan anda boleh digunakan.

6.

Buku sifir matematik boleh digunakan.

7.

Kalkulator elektronik biasa boleh digunakan.

Markah

2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
Jumlah

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 18 halaman bercetak.

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X
Section A
[60 marks]
Answer all questions.

Figure shows a vernier calipers used to measure a block of wood.

Block of wood

(b)

(b)
a) i) Name the part labelled X?
..
[1 mark]
ii) State the function of X ?
..
[1 mark ]
b) Zero error reading is taken before the vernier calipers is used to measure the
length of wood.
i) What does zero error mean?
..
[1 mark]
ii) What is the reading of the error in figure above?

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...
[1 mark]
c) i) Calculate the length of wood?

[2 marks]
ii) The length of wood are measured at several different parts. The readings taken
were 0.90 cm, 0.84 cm, 0.79 cm and 0.91 cm. Calculate the average length of
wood.

[2 marks]

A
B
D

Figur
e

E
shows the position of 5 elements A, B, C, D and E in periodic table . Based on the
position of elements in the periodic table answer the questions below.
a) State the electron configuration for element B?
..
[1 mark]
b) Choose one element,
i)

which can react with water to produce an alkali?

..
[1 mark]

ii)

which is a transition element?

.
[1 mark]

iii)
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which is a non-metal?
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.
[1 mark]
has the biggest proton number?

iv)

.
[1 mark]
c) The proton number for X is 12, mark the position of X in the above table.
[1 mark]
d) i) Name the type of compound formed when atom A combined with atom C.
.
[1 mark]
ii) State one of the properties of compound in (d).
.
[1 mark]
3

Figure shows the donating and receiving of an electron between atom X and Y to
form the compound .
_

Based on the figure above, answer the questions below.

a) What is the number of electron in the outer most shell of
i)
atom X
....
ii)

atom Y
. ..
[2 marks]

b) Write the equation for the formation of,

i)
ion X
.
ii)

ion Y.
.
[2 marks]

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c) Name the type of bonding in XY compound.

..
[1 mark]
d) i)
Name one example of the XY compound.
.
[1 mark]
ii)

State the formula of the compound in (d)(i).

[2 marks]

e) If two atoms Y combine, name the type of compound produced?

.
[1 mark]
4

Table 4 shows K, L, M and O are elements with related atomic masses of 12, 23, 32
and 80 respectively. The Avogadro number, NA , is given as 6x1023 .
Substances
K
L
M
O
(a)

Atomic masses
12
23
32
80

State the meaning of Avogadro Number?

[1 mark]

(b)

Calculate the mass of 1.25 X 1022 atom of element L.

[ Given: Mass = NA / number of particles]

[2 marks]
(c )

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Based on table given calculate

(i)
mass of O which contains the same number of atomic mass as 4 g of
M.

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[2 marks]
(ii) number of mole, if the mass of M is 16 g.

[2 marks]
5.

Figure shows the human gametes.

P :

(a)

Q: .

Name gametes P and Q .

[2
marks]

(b)

What is fertilization?

(c)

[1 mark]
(i)
Where does fertilization occur?

(ii)

When does fertilization most likely occur?

[2 marks]

(d)

The level of hormone X in women will increase after fertilization takes place.
(i)
Name hormone X.
..
[1 mark]
(ii)

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Name the organ which secretes hormone X.

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.
[1 mark]
(iii)

State one function of hormone X.

.
.
[1 mark]

Diagram 7.1 shows two identical trolleys with the mass 0.5 kg before and after
collision. During the collision the principle of conservation of momentum is obeyed.
0.6 m s-1

(a)

At rest

DIAGRAM 7.1

State the principle of conservation of momentum.

..

(b)

..
[1 mark]
What is the type of collision shown in Diagram 7.1?
..
[1 mark]

(c)

(i)

Based on the principle of conservation of momentum, calculate

the velocity, v, after collision.

(ii)

[2 marks]
Explain why the velocity after collision decreases half of the velocity
before collision.

[2 marks]

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(d)

Diagram 7.2 shows two moving balls after collision.

Direction of motion

DIAGRAM 7.2

State one difference between the collision shown in Diagram 7.1 and Diagram
7.2.
.
.
[1 mark]
7.

The diagram shows a simple chemical cell.

Voltmeter

Zinc rod

Copper rod

Copper (II) sulphate

solution

(a)

Copper (II) sulphate solution is an electrolyte. It is an ionic compound.

(i)

What is meant by electrolyte?

..................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii)

State all ions in copper (II) sulphate compound.

..
..
[1 mark]

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(b)

Explain which rod is a positive electrode.

..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(c)

Write an overall equation for the reaction in this chemical cell.

..
[1 mark]

(d)

An electrical source of energy of a motorcycle is broken down.

Explain what type of chemical cell should be bought by the motorcyclist to
replace the broken one.
..
..
[2 marks]

8.

The diagram shows a simple pendulum swings between position W and position Z
repeatedly. The swing started at position W.

W
1.5 m

Pendulum bob

X
Y

(a)

What is meant by potential energy?

.
[1 mark]

(b)

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State the labeled position where the pendulum bob has,

(i)
zero kinetic energy.
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[1 mark]
(ii)

minimum potential energy.

.
[1 mark]

(c)

The mass of the pendulum bob is 2.1 kg.

Calculate the potential energy of the pendulum bob at W.
[Given, potential energy = mgh and g = 10 m s-1 ]

[2 marks]
(d)

Why does the pendulum bob unable to return to its initial position W after one
complete swing?
..
[1 mark]
Section B
[40 marks]
Answer any two questions

Markah maksimum yang diperuntukkan ditunjukkan dalam kurungan pada hujung tiap-tiap
soalan atau ceraian soalan.
9

The fusion of small nuclei can result in the release of a large amount of energy.
(a)

(i)

What is meant by nuclear fusion?

[2 marks]

(ii)

Explain why nuclear fusion occurs at very high temperature.

[3 marks]

(b)

State two differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

[2 marks]

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(c)

The equation shows a nuclear reaction involving a uranium-235 nucleus.

U 01n

235
92

(i)

Ba

141
56

92
36

Kr 3 01 n

Name this reaction.

[1 mark]

(ii)

(d)

Explain why is it possible to sustain a chain reaction for the reaction

shown above.
[5 marks]

State three uses of radioactive radiations.

[3 marks]

(e)

Explain how electrical energy is produced in a nuclear reactor.

[4 marks]

10.

(a)

Diagram shows a simple generator. Rotating the loop of

wire causes a current which light up the lamp.
.

(i)

Name the device shown in figure.

[1 mark]

(ii)

Describe how the device in a(i) produces alternating current (a.c)

[6 marks]

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(iii)

State four ways to increase the current produced by the device.

[4 marks]

(iv)

State two advantages of alternating current.

[2 marks]

(b)

The graph shows the change of voltage with time for alternating current.
Voltage/V
+2

10

Time/s

-2

(i)

Explain why voltage has two values +2 V and -2 V.

[2 marks]

(ii)

(c)

Based on the graph, determine the peak voltage and frequency of

alternating current.
[3 marks]

Diagram below shows the route followed by domestic electricity in this

country.

(i)

Name three fuels which could be used is a power station

.
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[1 mark]
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(ii)

State the change of energy in the power station.

.
11.

[1 mark]

In, human lung, gases exchange occurs between alveolus and blood capillaries..
(a)

Describe three adapted to increase its efficiency in the exchange of respiratory

gases.
[6 marks]

(b)

Make a diagram, explain the exchange of gasses in the alveolus.

[6 marks]

(c)

List the ways to practice a healthy lifestyle to maintain the healthy

respiratory organ.
[4 marks]

NO SMOKING

(d)

Why we should abstain from smoking?

[4 marks]
12.

(a)

(i)

What is meant by ecosystem?

[2 marks]

(i)

Explain how tropical rains forest reduces soil erosion.

[6 marks]

(b)

(i)

Describe how deforestation causes the depletion of species.

[6 marks]

(ii)

Explain the method of preserving and conserving the ecosystem of

forest.
[6 marks]

Prepared by,

Checked by,

..
Mdm Noria Sulong

..
Mr. Elais Murad

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END OF QUESTION PAPER

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