2.092/2.

093 Finite Element Analysis of Solids & Fluids I

Fall 09

Lecture 11 - Heat Transfer Analysis

Prof. K. J. Bathe

MIT OpenCourseWare

Reading assignment: Sections 7.1-7.4.1

To discuss heat transfer in systems, rst let us dene some variables.

(x, y, z, t)
S
Sq

=
=
=

Temperature
Surface area with prescribed temperature (p )
Surface area with prescribed heat ux into the body

Given the geometry, boundary conditions, material laws, and loading, we would like to calculate the tem
perature distribution over the body. To obtain the exact solution of the mathematical model, we need to
satisfy the following in the dierential formulation:
Heat ow equilibrium
Compatibility
Constitutive relation(s)

Example: One-Dimensional Case

We can derive an expression for system equilibrium from the heat ow equation.

q q
+q B dx = 0
x

x+dx

Using the constitutive equation,

q
=q +
dx
x x
x+dx
x

2
k
+k
+
dx + q B dx = 0
x x2
x
q = k

Lecture 11

We obtain the result

Heat Transfer Analysis

2.092/2.093, Fall 09

2
k 2 + q B = 0 in V
x

k
,
=0
= qS
x L
L
x=0

Principle of Virtual Temperatures

Clearly:
2

k 2 + q B = 0
x
2

L 2


B
B

k 2 +q
k 2 +q
dx = 0
dV = A
x
x
V
0
Hence,

k 2 + q B dx = 0
x
2

(A)

Lecture 11

Heat Transfer Analysis

L L

B dx = 0

k
dx
+
k
q
x x
x 0
0
0

L
L
S

B dx + q

q
k
dx =

x
x
0
0
x=L

2.092/2.093, Fall 09
(B)

In 3D, the equation becomes

T q B dV +

k dV =
V

k
k= 0
0

0
0
k

0
k
0

T q S dSq

(C)

Sq

; =

; =

For example:

q S = h e S convection

q S = r S radiation
e = temperature of the environment
r = temperature of the radiation source
(m) (x, y, z, t) = H (m)

(m)

= B (m)

; S(m) = H S(m)

; (m) = B (m)

Substituting this into (C), we obtain

K = Q
K = K (m)
m

; K (m) =

B (m)T k(m) B (m) dV (m)

(m)

Q = QB + QS
(m)

QB = QB
m

QS =

(m)
QS
m

(m)

; QB
;

(m)
QS

H (m)T q B(m) dV (m)

=
V (m)

HS

(m)

(m)
Sq

e
(m)
h S
dSq (m)

S is unknown, so
(m)

QS

(m)
Sq

HS

(m)

Here we need to sum over all Sq

(m)

(m)

he(m) dSq

for element (m).

(m)
Sq

HS

(m)

hH S

(m)

(m)

dSq

Lecture 11

Heat Transfer Analysis

2.092/2.093, Fall 09

Example

(x, y) =

h1

h2

h3

1
2

h4
3
4

1
x
1+
(1 + y) ; h2 = . . .
h1 =
4
2

h
h
h
h
2,x
3,x
4,x
x = 1,x

h
h
h
h
1,y
2,y
3,y
4,y
y

H S = H y=1

1
HS =
1 + x2
2

x
2

MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu

2.092 / 2.093 Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Fluids I

Fall 2009

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.