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Solution of Finite Element Equilibrium Equations in Static Analysis
Solution of Finite Element Equilibrium Equations in Static Analysis
Solution of Finite Element Equilibrium Equations in Static Analysis
FINITE ELEMENT
EQUILIBRIUM
EQUATIONS
IN STATIC ANALYSIS
LECTURE 9
60 MINUTES
91
LECTURE 9
t l> t
Cholesky factorization
Out-of-core solution of large systems
Demonstration of basic techniques using simple
examples
Physical interpretation of the basic operations
used
92
SOLUTION OF
EQUILIBRIUM
EQUATIONS IN
STATIC ANALYSIS
- static condensation
- substructuring
- frontal solution
- .L Q. .bT factorization
- Cholesky decomposition
- Crout
- column reduction
(skyline) solver
Iterative methods,
e.g. Gauss-8eidel
Direet methods
these are basically
variations of
Gauss elimination
-4
-4
,
0
-4
,
-4
U,
U2
,
(8.2)
-4
U3
-4
U4
93
-4
olI l!
5
-5
16
29
-4
-4
r-----------I
I
o I_~
:
(8.3)
o:
-4
5-5
14
16
r-------~ _20
0:
0: _ 20
I
7
65
14
I
I
94
o
=
(8.4)
STEP 3:
-4
14
U1
-s
U2
15
20
U4
"6
16
7
.- 8 (8.5)
U3
"7
-T
r--I
I
I
I
"6
u4 ,
12
=5
1 - (- 156) U3 - (1) U4
U =--------:;-;;----2
14
_ 13
-S
(8.6)
5
19
36
7
(-4) 35 - (1)15 - ( 0 )"5 _ 8
U1 =----~---5
- "5
o-
95
~a
~-ac]
[!!a] [ Ba]
[
.!Sea ~-e c !!c = Be
(8.28)
Hence
and
-1)
---------
aa
~a - ~ilC
.!Sec.!Sea
!!a = Ba - ~c .!Sec-1 ~
Example
tee
I
I
I
r:~a
-4
U1
-4
-4
U2
-4
-4
U3
-4
U4
---+------------
'---y----'
~c
1
so that
14
5
16
-5
16
-5
29
5
-4
-4
~a
-4
-a. a
,-
-4
[1/5]
[-4
0]
~
Kaa
= -4
-4
-4
'--
98
1
0
1....-
-4
-4
14
-!
5
6 -4
-4
-5
-4
U3
U4
:1
:1
U2
-!
29
VI
U2
6 -4
"5
-4
-4
U3
V4
Fig. 8.1
Physical systems
considered in the Gauss elimination
solution of the simply supported beam.
9-7
......--.-?-?
-~-o--o
-6
l
e--c>---n
50x50
32x32
Example
~~
6L
98
17
-20
-20
48
-28
EA, [ '7
3
6"L
-20
EA,
6L
Ir
3] -[-20] [lJ[-20
7
3
25
-28
48
or
ll.
9
EA, [ 1
L
-1
and
99
Multi-level Substructuring
I' 'I'
L
2A
~I ,
L
4A,
,I.
.1
-\&-o=2:E~f'
'n-~
u.
\
Ur;,
U2
U6
Us
U7
Ug
Rs
U3
I 16A,
'~
SA,
-I
U,
u2
---I
U,
1-
u3
.-u
---I
U,
1-
u3
_I
U,
Us
I
1-
Us
_I
U,
-.
1-
1-
Us.Rr;,
U,
'-10
ug
ug
Elementq
Element q + 1
Elementq + 2
Elementq + 3
-------
~I
m+3
Element 1
N:"
Element 4
4
Wave front
for node 1
Wave front
for node 2
911
L- 1
K
--1 -K = -1
Example:
-4
-4
a
-4
-5
-4
a a a
-4
-4
-4
~4
a _16
5
a
16
5
29
-4
5
-4
We note
L-1-1
1
5
912
-5
5
~1
a
a
S-
1.2-1 1.1-1
S :=
x x x x
x x x
x .......
x
x
K:= S
x
x
x
x
upper
triangular
matrix
Hence
or
Also, because
is symmetric
where
0:=
d .. := s ..
11
11
913
where
L D~
SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS
Using
T
K= L 0 L
(8.16)
we have
L V= R
o LT
(8.17)
V
(8.18)
where
V := L-I
-n-l
(8.19)
and
(8.20)
914
-4
-4
-4
5
4
5
14
5
14
-4
6
-5
-4
5
-4
-4
5
5
-5
14
1
5
8
7
15
T
-4
5
4
-5
14
1
5
8
-7
15
T
-4
5
915
COLUMN HEIGHTS
o 0
o 0
'-----,
SYMMETRIC
000
000
X 000 X
o 0 000
o 0 x 0 0
o X 000
X X X X 0
X X X X
X XX
X
X
ELEMENTS IN ORIGINAL STIFFNESS MATRIX
Typical element pattern in
a stiffness matrix
SKYLINE
o
o
L...-_
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
X
000
000
0 0 X
0 0 X
X 0 X
X 0 X
X X X X X
X X X X
X X X
X X
X
ELEMENTS IN DECOMPOSED STIFFNESS MATRIX
Typical element pattern in
a stiffness matrix
9-16
ELEMENT
0= ZERO ELEMENT
COLUMN HEIGHTS
-x
o
0 0
0 0
xix x
XlX 0
xIx
0
x 0
SYMMETRIC
I
0 10
0:0
010
010
0 x
X\O
0:0
010
0 x
0 0
0 0
0 0
x xix XIO
xix xix
Ix XlX
xIx
Ix
917
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