1

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()134142
2016-2017 ,
' : 3

The Origin Of Mutants

: , .
: .

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:
.1

e.coli ' '.

.2

e.coli '
" '.

, ' T7 .
:
8 , 8
. 8
( ,)plating error 8
. 15 .

.
' ' ,
( )108 ' ( .)109
" 10-1-10-8 ' 10-5-10-8
( )lawn 10-4-10-8 '.
" , ' T7 .

2
:
)Table 1( 1 4 .
4

V

24
28
24
28
28
32
28
32
24
48
36
28
48
36
40
32
116
24
4
0


32
8
4
clear
clear
lawn
clear

Table 1

I
I

-
A1
48
16
112
A2
44
8
48
A3
60
24
40
A4
64
40
72
A5
44
32
56
A6
32
24
32
A7
40
28
72
A8
36
28
56
-
A1
48
16
112
B
64
48
28
C
196
148
60
D
88
44
28
E
64
80
40
F
28
72
24
G
32
48
20
H
68
44
16
dillutions - E. coli
-5
10
244
104
332
-6
10
20
20
28
-7
10
1
3
5
-8
10
0
0
0
dillutions - T7 bacteriophage
-4
10

33
112
-5
10
88

40
-6
10
37
17
14
-7
10
14
9
11
-8
10
26
0
0

fungal
Top agar
clear
clear
infection
bacterial
LB
clear
clear
infection
)(orange
undilluted E. coli
lawn
lawn
lawn
fungal
undilluted phage
clear
clear
infection

3
)Table 2( 2 , 8
( )A1-A8 8 ( )A1, B-H I V
.
" .
48 + 44 + 60 + 64 + 44 + 32 + 40 + 36
: A1-A8 = 46 : I
8
2

) (X X
i

" :
X .
: A1-A8 : I

N 1

= 123.4

i=1

N Xi , ,

) 48 46 ) + ( 44 46 ) + ( 60 46 ) + ( 64 46 ) + ( 44 46 ) + ( 32 46 ) + ( 40 46 ) + ( 36 46
7

( =

, "
.
123.4
: A1-A8 = 24.15% : I
46

,
A1-A8 A1, B-H Table 2
4
V

61
41
28
36.5
620.57
887
9.14
65.75
40.84% 72.64% 10.80% 22.22%

46
73.5
25
62.5

123.43 2483.8 94.86 1371.8

24.15% 67.81% 38.96% 59.26%

4
':
10-6 e.coli .
10-7 ' '.
- I

20
cells
10 6 = 2.00 10 8
3
100 10
ml

14
10 7 = 2.8 10 9
3
50 10

' - I

10 6 :

10 7 :

)Table 3( 3 '
' .

10-6 ' " 10-7 4 Table 3
. '
V

2.4 10 8

2.8 10 8

2.0 10 8

2.0 10 8

1.6 10 9

2.2 10 9

1.8 10 9

2.8 10 9

6.67

7.86

9.00

14.00

[]cells/ml
'
[]phage/ml
'

(:)A
* 4 :
= 2.3 10 8 ".

2.3 10 7 0.1ml .
" ,
.
A : I

46
100 = 2.00 10 4%
7
2.3 10

A
B-H
V

2.00 10 4% 1.09 10 4% 2.65 10 4% 1.22 10 4%

A

8.52 10 4% 6.43 10 4% 2.6 10 4% 2.09 10 4%

1.22 10 4% 1.91 10 4% 6.96 10 5% 1.22 10 5%
B-H

Table 3

5
:
"
. "
.
' ' ,
.
' T7

. '
'.
,
" ' -
(.)Plating error
,

.
4 , ".
4 ,
,
. ,
.

6
:
.Newcombe, H. B. (1949) Origin of bacterial variants. Nature 164, 150-151

= n
4hr. 5.1 10 4 2 n = 2.3 10 7

)n = 8.8 (8

6hr. 5.1 10 4 2 n = 2.8 10 8

:
E.coliB/r ' .T1
.
.

) n = 15.7 (15

3hr. 5.1 10 4 2 n = 1.7 10 6

n=5
5hr. 5.1 10 4 2 n = 2.6 10 8
n = 12

, - . .

:

' , .
.
.spread

( ).

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.