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D - EGWDC2013 - Acoustic Surveillance - Echometer PDF
D - EGWDC2013 - Acoustic Surveillance - Echometer PDF
Generate Blast at
Surface to Creates
Traveling Wave
Acoustic Wave Travels
in the Well at Speed of
Sound
Echoes RTTT from well
bore change diameter
recorded
Reduction seen as a downkick
Increase is seen as an upkick
Fluid level gives large kick
and lets almost no energy
through
perf
Collars
Level
perf
perf
LL
Automatic Collar Count analysis method will determine the depth to the
liquid level for 95% of the wells
Use Downhole
Marker method
Shot Processing
Acoustic Velocity method
Enter Gas SG
Enter Gas
Composition
from Analysis
Enter
Acoustic
Velocity if
Multiple shots
are compared
Make sure
BHT has been
input
10
12
-LL
Explosion
( ft ) 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
16
18
Reflected Pulse
caused by
INCREASE in the
annular crosssectional area IS
displayed as an
upward kick on the
acoustic trace.
31. 6 m V
C-
14
8000
Reflected Pulse
caused by
DECREASE in the
annular crosssectional area IS
displayed as an
downward kick on
the acoustic trace.
@ 5050
1/8 Hole
in Tubing
End of
Tubing
Tight Spot
1/8 Hole
Liquid
Level
Fluid Level
on Gas Well
Critical_Velocity_calc.xls
Qg < Qc (1)
LL
Casing
1.
Velocity
1273.8 ft/s
Fluid
Level
SG = 0.72
Should
Marker:
be at End of Tubing
Top Perf
10364 Ft.
16.281 Sec.
2. Wellbore Description
Important
EOT
3.Liquid
Distance
Determined
Level
Identify
Marker
10536
Ft.
16.548
Sec. Collars
Count
Gas Composition
17
Casing Shot
511.8 psig
82.5 psig
104.9 psig
Psig 658
18
250 Mscfd
Turner Critical
320 MscfD
Replaced
Tubing and
Gas Flow
Returned to
2006 Rate
6) OR shut-in well over night, then come back in morning to shoot well
when pressure is high and fairly easily see upkick from the holes.
Inside Pipe
Outside Pipe
Sec
10
-LL
C-
12
14
16
18
20
22
100.0 mV
Explosion
( ft ) 0
Sec
1000
2000
3000
4
4000
5000
6000
8
7000
10
12
C-
14
16
18
20
22
-LL
100.0 mV
Sec
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
10
12
C-
14
16
18
20
22
-LL
31.6 mV
Sec
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
10
12
C -
14
16
18
20
22
-LL
100.0 mV
Sec
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
10
12
C-
14
16
18
20
22
-LL
100.0 mV
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Hole in Tubing
@ 6868
Tubing Shot
Casing Shot
Gas Velocity
Removes Liquid
Qg > Qc
Qg < Qc
Liquid Loading
Predicted
Echometer
S-Curve
Determines
Gradient
Below
Gas/Liquid
Interface in the
Gaseous
Liquid Loaded
Fluid Column
Qg < Qc
VSL = 0
Actual Field
Measured
Data Points
VSL = 0
Loaded
Qg < Qc
0.433 psi/ft
Qg = 0
28
9
18
36
72
145
526
L = (10000-1418) =
8582
72
Lx dP/dT = 34320
18
% Liquid = 20
Gas/Liquid Interface
= 4701 Ft
L = (10000-1446) =
8554
dP/dT = (0.5/1) = 0.5
0
L x dP/dT = 4277
% Liquid = 31
526
145
72
36
18
Well #1
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Sec
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Sec
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Sec
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
316.2 mV
316.2 mV
Sec
316.2 mV
316.2 mV
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
100.0 mV
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
100.0 mV
Sec
Conclusions:
1) Acoustic fluid level surveys
determine:
BMT C-35
Shot @ 9:17 AM
Well Flowing
20th Shot
Well Shut-in
Casing Psi
Not Building
Liquid Level @ 6525
625 of Liquid in Well
Sec 0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
100.0 mV
LL=2392
Sec 0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Well #2
21
20
21
LL=2926
100.0 mV
Shut-in 5 minutes
Sec 0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
100.0 mV
LL=3632
Shut-in 10 minutes
Sec 0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
LL=4233
100.0 mV
Shut-in 15 minutes
Sec 0
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
100.0 mV
LL=4967
Shut-in 20 minutes
Sec 0
100.0 mV
11
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
LL=6148
Shut-in 30 minutes
Gas/liquid interface dropped from 2392 to 6523 feet (4131 ft in 24.5 min.)
Pressure
0
50
Pressure, psi
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Gas
Gas
1000
2000
Depth, ft
3000
4000
5000
Collapse
Shut-in 1
Shut-in 2
Shut-in 3
Shut-in 4
Shut-in 5
Shut-in 6
Shut-in 7
Shut-in 8
Shut-in 9
Shut-in 14
6000
7000
Pressure at 7150
ft
Pressure
at 7150
Ft
8000
Pressure
39
Well #3
40
Well #3
Increased Gas
Velocity/Rate
43
Conclusions:
1) Initial Acoustic Fluid Levels Most
Accurate in Determining Flowing BHP
2) Echometer Annular S-curve:
Developed Using Field Measurements
Use Down Tubing When Stabilized
Liquid Loaded Conditions Exist
Does Not Calculate the Correct
Gaseous Column Gradient After the
Valve Is Closed for an Extended Period
of Time.
Shut-in
Gas Well
Tubing Depth:
7588.90 ft
Toe
9610 ft
GLV 1 @ 1712'
GLV 2 @ 3014'
GLV 3 @ 4092'
GLV 4 @ 4797'
GLV 5 @ 5256'
GLV 6 @ 5716'
GLV 7 @ 6176'
GLV 8 @ 6570'
GLV 9 @ 7031
Gas Lift Valves
Used To Confirm
Up Kick Selected
is the Top Of
Perfs
48
Perf
EOT
-EOT
4 5 6 7 8 9
4.
5.
6.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
17
18
19
10.0 mV
Sec 0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
10.0 mV
Sec 0
Tubing
Additional Testing
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
100.0 mV
Sec 0
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Pumping jobs
Typical program:
Well can be producing or shut-in
Rig up Fluid Level Instrument along with T-piece for
pumping if necessary (used for foam jobs, otherwise
fluids can be pumped down kill wing)
Shoot baseline shot (or several) before pumping in
order to get an acoustic velocity
Pump fluids
Shoot shots down tubing
Experience shows that fluids move very slow, so be
patient and plan on being there for a few hours at
least!
SSSV
Sec
10
11
316.2 mV
3 X 2 7/8
crossover
Accessories
& packer
Shot several levels after batch job to follow the slug fall
Sec
10
11
316.2 mV
SSSV
WYK-4
Top of foam slug
Acoustic Response
Acoustic Response
1.
2.
3.
4.
Acoustic Response
1.
2.
3.
4.
Annulus test:
Rig up Acoustic Instrument to annulus
Shoot a couple of shots and rig down
COV-28
Questions ?