NN T ST YU GIA C CC C TRM, M UN BIN

DNG V LN
TS. Nguyn Bo Vit
Trng i hc Xy dng, 55 Gii Phng, H Ni
Email: nbviet.huce@gmail.com
Tm tt:
Bi bo ny nghin cu v m un bin dng v ln nn t st yu gia c cc c trm. Cc kt
qu th nghim bn nn hin trng cho nn t nhin v nn gia c vi mt cc 16cc/m 2,
25cc/m2, 36cc/m2 thc hin ti 2 a im thuc TP. Cn Th cho thy m un bin dng ca nn
tng khi mt cc tng. Mt cc ti u l 25 cc/ 1m 2. M un bin dng ca nn t gia c
tng 2,7~4,3 ln so vi ban u vi gi tr vo khong 10MPa. Kt qu tnh ln ca hai phng
php mng quy c v nn tng ng c so snh vi ln th nghim nh gi s ph
hp ca chng. Nghin cu cng xut iu chnh cch 2 0, phng php mng quy c c kt
qu ln ph hp hn.
T kha: Cc c trm, Nn gia c, M un bin dng, ln
THE SOFT SOILS IMPROVED BY CAJEPUT TIMBER PILES, DEFORMATION
MODULUS AND SETTLEMENT
Abstract:
This paper studies deformation modulus and settlement of the improved soft soils by Cajeput piles.
The results obtained from plate tests at 2 sites in CanTho city for original and improved soils with
density of piles of 16piles/m2, 25piles/m2, and 36piles/m2 show that deformation modulus of
improved soils increase together with the density of the timber piles. The most proper density of the
piles is 25 piles/1m2. After improvement, the deformation modulus of soil could increase to 2.7~4.3
times of the original one with value of about 10MPa. Calculated settlements of conventional
foundation and equivalent soils methods are compared with measured settlement to evaluate the
reliability of the methods. An approach to estimate settlement of foundation on the improved soil
also proposed based on conventional foundation method.
Keywords: Cajeput timber piles, Improved soils, Deformation modulus, Settlement.
1. Gii thiu
Vng ng bng sng Cu Long ca nc ta cng nh mt s ng bng ven bin c nn t yu
rt dy, a phn u mc 10~30m. iu kin a cht nh vy l mt kh khn ln trong vic xy
dng cc cng trnh trong khu vc vi mt gi thnh hp l. Theo kinh nghim dn gian, vi cc
cng trnh khong 3 tng tr xung c ti trng khng ln, nn t c th c gia c bng cc tre
(min Bc) v cc c trm (min Nam) m bo cc iu kin k thut cho cng trnh. Trong
thc t ta c th gp rt nhiu cng trnh trn nn t gia c nh vy vn cn trng thi tt cho
n ngy nay. V d nh cc cng trnh nh chung c Ng Hu Hnh, Mu Thn C ti TP. Cn Th,
ph Ch, Hui Bon Wa ti TP. H Ch Minh. Tuy nhin cng phi ni l mt s trong chng gp
phi mt s hin tng ln, nt nh chung c P, khu dn c 586 hay dy nh s 22 ng 30/04,
TP. Cn Th.
Gia c nn bng cc c trm l mt bin php c tnh ph bin cao do gi thnh r, n gin, s
dng vt liu t nhin ca a phng sn c. Tuy nhin cng phi ni rng, hu ht cc tnh ton
thit k hin nay u da trn kinh nghim vi rt t cc nghin cu v cng b khoa hc. Mt s
nghin cu c bn v phng php gia c nn c th kit k y. Rahardjo [7] nghin cu v cc
tre v b cc tre cho vic gia c n nh nn t yu cho cng trnh . Mai Di Tm [2] a ra
1

phng php th nghim xc nh sc chu ti ca nn t v m un bin dng ca nn gia c cc

c trm. Tuy nhin cc nghin cu ny cha a ra c cc cch thc d bo sc chu ti ca
nn v ln ca nn.
Bi bo ny nghin cu v ln ca nn gia c cc c trm da trn cc th nghim nn tnh hin
trng cho cc c trm n cng nh nn gia c vi cc mt cc khc nhau ti TP. Cn Th.
2. Nn t gia c bng cc c trm
2.1. Cc c trm
Trm l cy rt d trng, t cn chm sc, ph hp vi vng c phn cao, ngp nc nn c
trng rt ph bin vng Ty Nam B. Cc c trm thng s dng cy c 4~5 nm tui c ng
knh gc 80mm, ng knh ngn 45mm vi chiu di 3~5m. Cng ca g trm kh cao, theo
[2] cng nn dc th l 46,5 MPa; cng ko dc th l 79,8MPa; m un n hi l
10900MPa rt ph hp vi vic gia c nn ti vng ngp nc nh vng ng bng sng Cu
Long.
2.2. Phng php thi cng

Hnh 1. M hnh nn gia c + Thi cng gia c nn bng cc c trm

Vic h cc c trm gia c nn t yu ni chung khng i hi phi c thit b ln. Thng thng,
mt ba rung loi nh hay v nng 50~100kg l c th thi cng c. Trnh t thi cng cc cn phi
tun theo ng quy trnh ty thuc vo a hnh, mt bng v loi t nn.
Sau khi cc c trm c thi cng gia c nn xong, mt lp o ct dy 100~300mm s c ph
ln u cc. Thng thng trc khi thi cng mng, ngi ta s lm mt lp b tng lt vi b tng
mc thp to mt bng thi cng cng nh bo v kt cu mng sau ny.
3. Th nghim hin trng
3.1. iu kin a cht
2 im c chn th nghim l: a) Khu dn c 91B, phng An Khnh, qun Ninh Kiu v b)
khu dn c Hng Ph 1, phng Hng Ph, qun Ci Rng.
a cht ti 2 v tr thc hin th nghim u c cc c th ca t nn vng ng bng sng Cu
Long vi cc lp t yu dy trn 30m. Mt s ch tiu c l ca cc lp t theo [1], c th hin
trong Bng 1 di y:

Bng 1. Mt s ch tiu c l ca t nn ti 2 v tr th nghim

Lp t

Qun Ninh Kiu

Qun Ci Rng

Ct lp

Lp 2
(CL1)

Lp 3
(CH2)

Lp 4
(CL2)

Ct lp

Lp 2
(CL1)

Lp 3
(CL2)

Lp 4
(CL3)

Chiu dy (m)

1,4

9,0

18,0

11,5

1,4

15,3

9,2

8,3

Trng lng ring

t nhin (kN/m3)

15,8

14,9

16,8

19,2

15,8

15,5

16,0

17,1

Lc dnh (kPa)

11,1

15,2

83,4

11,4

12,0

16,8

Gc ma st trong

2,10

8,50

32,60

7,20

6,20

8,90

M un bin dng,
E0 (MPa)

1,00

1,37

2,32

1,57

3,85

5,94

Thng s

1,4

3.2. M t th nghim

0,2m

0,2m

1,0

Hnh 2. S th nghim bn nn hin trng.

Ti mi v tr th nghim, 5 h c kch thc 1,4x1,4m 2 c chun b lm 01 th nghim bn
nn hin trng trn nn t t nhin; 01 th nghim nn tnh cc c trm n; 03 th nghim bn
nn hin trng trn nn gia c cc c trm vi mt cc l 16cy/m 2, 25cy/m2, 36cy/m2. Kch
thc bn nn c s dng l loi 1,0x1,0m2. Cc c trm c dng trong th nghim c
thng tt, chiu di 4,6m, ng knh ngn 4,5cm, ng knh gc 8cm.
m to iu kin lm vic nh mt kt cu mng, mt lp ct ph dy 10cm v 01 lp b tng
4x6 mc 100 dy 10cm c s dng to mt bng cho cng tc th nghim bn nn hin
trng.
Cc quy trnh th nghim u tun theo cc tiu chun TCVN 9354 2012 vi cc cp gia ti 10kN
v 20kN ln lt cho th nghim bn nn hin trng trn nn t t nhin v nn t gia c cc c
trm. i vi th nghim nn cc c trm n, cp gia ti l 0,5kN cho ti khi cc ph hoi.
4. Kt qu th nghim v Nhn xt
Kt qu th nghim bn nn hin trng c th hin trong Hnh 3 cho c 2 v tr Ninh Kiu v Ci
Rng. im ph hoi c th thy kh r rng vi vic ln tng t ngt, ng cong P-S b gy.
Sau khi thu c sc chu ti gii hn ca t nn, Pgh, v ln Sgh tng ng ti cc v tr , m
un bin dng ca t nn, E0, c th c tnh theo cng thc (4) nh sau:
3

E 0 (1 2 )..d

Pgh

(1)

S gh

Trong :
- : H s Poisson vi nn t st yu ny, ly = 0,35;
- : h s hnh dng mng, = 0,88 cho hnh vung;
- d: kch thc bn nn;

Hnh 3. Kt qu th nghim nn tnh hin trng (a) Ninh Kiu (b) Ci Rng
Kt qu th nghim bn nn hin trng c th hin trong Bng 2. Mt cch rt r rng, s lng
cc c trm gia c cng nhiu th m un bin dng ca nn cng ln.
Bng 2. Kt qu th nghim bn nn hin trng v m un bin dng t nn
V tr

Ninh Kiu

Ci Rng

Pgh
(kPa)

ln
(mm)

E0

E0_nhm

(MPa)

(MPa)

t t nhin

30

9,82

2,36

t gia c
16cc/1m2

80

11,61

5,32

t gia c
25cc/1m2

120

9,04

t gia c
36cc/1m2

140

8,4

t nn

pult
(kPa)

ln
(mm)

E0

E0_nhm

(MPa)

(MPa)

40

8,12

3,80

0,19

100

11,7

6,60

0,17

10,25

0,32

140

10,36

10,44

0,27

12,87

0,29

160

11,03

11,20

0,21

Nu coi cng t nn bao gm 2 thnh phn nn t t nhin v cc gia c th vi vic ln ti

thi im ph hoi ca c nn t t nhin v nn t gia c xp x bng nhau, phn gia tng ca
m un bin dng c th coi n t cc. nh gi tnh hiu qu ca vic gia c nn t bng cc
c trm, gi tr ca thng s E0_nhm, l mt yu t quan trng v n c tnh bng cng thc (5)
nh sau:
E0_nhm

E0 _ gc E0 _ b

(2)

Trong : E0_gc, E0_b ln lt l m un bin dng ca t gia c v t t nhin.

4

Kt qu trong Bng 2 cho thy t s E0_nhm tng t 0,17~0,19MPa vi nn gia c 16cc/m2 n gi

tr ln nht 0,27~0,32MPa vi nn gia c 25cc/m 2. Sau n li gim xung khi mt cc tng
ln 36 cc/m2. iu ny c ngha l vic gia c nn bng cc c trm vi mt 25 cc/m 2 l hiu
qu nht.
Hnh 4 th hin quan h gia t s gia m un bin dng ca nn gia c v nn t nhin, Rgc v
mt cc c trm. Rgc c tnh bng cng thc (6). Nhn vo gi tr ca Rgc c th nhn thy m
un bin dng ca nn t tng kh nhiu vi 2,7 v 4,3 tng ng vi mt cc gia c mc
hp l l 25cc/m2 ln lt cho cc v tr Ci Rng v Ninh Kiu. iu ny chng t rng nn t
c gia c tt ln ng k c bit i vi v tr Ninh Kiu ni c nn t xu hn.
R gc

E 0 _ gc

(3)

E 0 _ b

Da trn kt qu thu c ny ta cng c th xc nh gn ng m un bin dng ca nn gia c

da trn m un bin dng nn t nhin v mt cc vi chnh xc kh cao R2=0,7.
E0_gc = E0_b + 0,09n

(4)

Trong : n l mt cc c trm gia c trn 1m2.

Hnh 4. Quan h M un bin dng ca nn gia c v mt cc c trm

5. Tnh ln cho nn t gia c bng cc c trm.
Kt qu th nghim trn cho thy gi tr m un bin dng thu c bng th nghim bn nn hin
trng cho t t nhin ln hn kh nhiu khong 2,4 ln so vi kt qu th nghim trong phng
2,36MPa vs. 1,0MPa v 3,8MPa vs. 1,57MPa ln lt ti Ninh Kiu v Ci Rng.
Hin nay tnh ln cho nn t gia c bng cc na cng (c trm, tre), 2 phng php thng
c p dng l nn tng ng [5] v mng quy c [6]. Bi bo ny nghin cu v tin
cy ca cc phng php ny trong vic d bo ln nn gia c.
5.1. Phng php nn tng ng
Theo phng php ny, nn t gia c bao gm c phn t v phn cc c coi l mt khi ng
nht vi cc ch tiu tng ng theo trng s th tch. M un bin dng v trng lng ring ca
t nn tng ng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
E t

( F Fc ). E Fc .E c
F

Trong :
-

(5)

( F Fc ). Fc . c
F

(6)

Et, t: m un bin dng v trng lng ring ca nn tng ng;

F: din tch n nguyn x l;
5

Fc: din tch cc trong mt n nguyn;

E, : m un bin dng v trng lng ring ca t nn trc khi x l;
Ec, c: m un bin dng v trng lng ring cc.

Sau , vic xc nh ln c tnh theo phng php cng ln tng lp hoc l thuyt n hi
nh bnh thng.
5.2. Phng php mng quy c
Phng php ny coi c phn mng v phn nn + cc nh l mt khi mng quy c. Vic tnh
ton ln c thc hin nh i vi mt mng nng thng thng. Phm vi ca khi mng c th
c xc nh theo 1 trong 2 cch theo ph lc H ca [6] nh sau:

(a)

(b)

Hnh 5. S xc nh kch thc mng quy c

0

a) Cch 1 , mng quy c c chiu su chn mng tnh t mt t t nhin t mi cc; y

c m rng t mp ngoi ca hng cc ngoi cng ra c hai bn vi gc m . (Hnh 5a)
n

tb
4

i .li
i 1

4 l i

.l
i 1

(7)

4L

i 1

b) Cch 20 c p dng cho nn ng nht, theo cch ny mng quy c c cng chiu su
chn mng nh cch 10 nhng y c m rng t mp ngoi ca hng cc ngoi cng ra
c hai bn vi gc m 30o t su 2L/3. (Hnh 5b)
5.3. Kt qu tnh ln v Nhn xt
M un bin dng thu c t hin trng cho nn t t nhin (Bng 2) s c s dng tnh
ln cho trng hp nn gia c bng cc c trm. Mt cc gia c c chn l 25 cc/m 2. Cc kt
qu tnh ton c trnh by trong di y:
Bng 3. ln (mm) nn gia c cc c trm
a im

Th nghim, Stn

Ninh Kiu

9,04

Mng quy c
Cch 10
35,19 = 3,89 Stn
6

Mng quy c
Cch 20
10,22 = 1,13 Stn

Mng quy c
Cch 20*
15,56 = 1,72 Stn

Ci Rng

10,36

20,68 = 2,0 Stn

7,40 = 0,71 Stn

11,27 = 1,09 Stn

Do m un bin dng ca cc c trm rt cao theo [2], Ec= 10900MPa nn trong phng php nn
tng ng, m un bin dng ca nn gia c rt cao E t= 772MPa thm na su gia c su ti
4,6m nn ln tnh theo phng php nn tng ng coi nh bng 0. iu ny cho thy
phng php nn tng ng khng ph hp tnh ln cho t nn gia c bng cc c trm.
Phng php mng quy c cch 10 cho kt qu kh ln 2,0~3,89 ln so vi ln th nghim bn
nn hin trng cho thy nu dng phng php ny c th dn n cc kt qu qu thin v an
ton.
Phng php mng quy c cch 2 0 cho kt qu gn vi kt qu th nghim nht, khong 0,71~1,13
ln. Tuy nhin cch ny c kt qu thin v hng khng an ton. Trong trng hp phm vi nh
hng ca ti trng su hn vo phn lp t khng c gia c nh khi mng c kch thc ln,
hin tng ny cng cn ch hn. V vy, nghin cu ny xut cch 2 0* vi vic m rng y
mng vi gc m 30o t su 4L/5 thay cho 2L/3 ca cch 20. Kt qu theo cch 20* s thin v an
ton v c sai s chp nhn c (10~70%).
6. Kt lun
Bi bo ny nghin cu v nn t st yu gia c bng cc c trm. M un bin dng v ln ca
nn gia c c nghin cu bng th nghim bn nn hin trng ti 2 a im Qun Ninh Kiu,
Qun Ci Rng thuc TP. Cn Th vi cc mt cc khc nhau 16cc/m 2; 25cc/m2; 36 cc/m2.
Tnh chnh xc v tin cy ca 2 phng php tnh ln thng p dng cho nn gia c l phng
php nn tng ng v mng quy c c xem xt. Mt s kt lun c th rt ra t nghin
cu ny nh sau:
- Cc c trm nn c gia c vi mt 25cc/m 2. M un bin dng trong trng hp ny c
th tng t 2,7~4,3 ln so vi ban u.
- M un bin dng ca nn gia c c th c xc nh da trn m un bin dng nn t nhin
v mt cc c trm gia c bng cng thc (4) vi chnh xc tng i cao R2=0,7.
- d bo ln ca nn gia c cc c trm, phng php mng quy c vi xut cch 2 0*
m rng y mng quy c vi gc m 30o t su 4/5L. Phng php ny cho kt qu thin
v an ton vi chnh xc chp nhn c. Nu khng c kt qu bn nn hin trng, m
un bin dng ca t nn di mi cc c th ly bng 2,4 ln m un bin dng theo th
nghim trong phng.
Do th nghim thc hin vi bn nn c kch thc kh nh 1x1m 2 so vi chiu dy vng gia c
4,6m nn c th nh hng ca lp t yu pha di n ln ca nn mng cha nhiu. V vy
kim chng thm cc kt qu nghin cu ny cn c cc th nghim bn nn vi kch thc ln
hn v/hoc cc kt qu quan trc ln hin trng.
7. Ti liu tham kho
[1] Nguyn Quang Bnh, Nghin cu ng dng c trm x l nn t yu khu vc TP. Cn Th.
Lun vn Thc s Trng i hc Xy dng, 2014.
[2] Mai Di Tm, Kh nng s dng c trm; Mt loi vt liu a phng vng chu th sng Cu
Long xy dng cng trnh Th ti tnh c trm ti hin trng o Moyn n hi (E) ti hin
trng. Tp ch Xy dng B Xy dng ISSN 0866-0762, No.4, 76-77, 2012.
[3] Nguyn Quang Trung, Nghin cu mt s yu t cng ngh sn xut g Block t g trm, Lun
n Tin s, Vin Khoa hc Lm nghip Vit Nam, 2013.
[4] TCVN 9354:2012, t xy dng - phng php xc nh mun bin dng ti hin trng bng
tm nn phng, Tiu chun quc gia, 2012.
7

[5] TCVN 9403:2012, Gia c t nn yu - phng php tr t xi mng, Tiu chun quc gia,
2012.
[6] TCXD 205:1998, Mng cc Tiu chun thit k, 1998.
[7] Rahardjo, P.P, Elsevier Geo-Engineering Book Series Vol. 3 Ground Improvement - Case
Histories. 899921, 2005.