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Malayalamcinema
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

MalayalamcinemaistheIndianfilmindustrybasedinthe
southernstateofKerala,dedicatedtotheproductionofmotion
picturesintheMalayalamlanguage.Althoughtheindustry's
grossboxofficeissmaller,whencomparedtolargermarket
drivenIndianindustriessuchasHindicinema,Telugucinema,
andTamilcinema,Malayalamfilmshavegainedunique
recognitioninworldcinemafortheirtechnicalfinesseandcraft.
MalayalamfilmsarereleasedinIndia,andahandfulofthem
beingreleasedintheUnitedStates,Australia,Germany,U.K.
andthePersianGulf.WorkssuchasMaranaSimhasanamand
VanaprasthamwerescreenedintheUnCertainRegardsection
atthe1999CannesFilmFestival.[4][5]MaranaSimhasanamhad
garneredthecovetedCamrad'Or("GoldenCamera")forthat
year.[6][7][8]
In1982,ElippathayamwontheSutherlandTrophyatthe
LondonFilmFestival,andMostOriginalImaginativeFilmof
1982bytheBritishFilmInstitute.RajivAnchal'sGuru(1997)
andSalimAhamed'sAdaminteMakanAbu(2011)arethe
MalayalamfilmstobesentbyIndiaasitsofficialentryforthe
BestForeignLanguageFilmcategoryattheAcademyAwards.
AdoorGopalakrishnanhasgarneredtheInternationalFilm
CriticsPrize(FIPRESCI)forhisworkssuchasMukhamukham
(1984),Anantaram(1987),Mathilukal(1989),Vidheyan(1993),
Kathapurushan(1995),andNizhalkkuthu(2002).[9]

Malayalamcinema

KinfrafilmandVideoPark,Thiruvananthapuram
Numberof
screens

1015SinglescreensinKeralastate

Main
distributors

AashirvadCinemas
AugustCinema
GraandProduction
GalaxyFilms
AntoJosephFilmCompany
MaxlabEntertainments
MulakuppadamFilms
SreeGokulamFilms
NavodayaStudio
MerrylandStudio
LJFilms

ofIndia. [1]

OtherfilmswhichachievedglobalacclaimincludeChemmeen
(1965),whichreceivedCertificateofMeritattheChicago
Producedfeaturefilms(2014)[2]
InternationalFilmFestival,andGoldMedalattheCannesFilm
Total
201
FestivalforBestCinematography.[10]Piravi(1989),winningat
least31internationalhonors,includingtheCamrad'Or
Grossboxoffice(2016)[3]
MentionSpcialeatthe1989CannesFilmFestival,andwas
National
India:900crore(US$130million)
screenedattheUnCertainRegard.[5][11]Swaham(1994)which
films
baggedBronzeRosaCamunaattheBergamoFilmMeetingin
Italy.[5][6][7][8]Thefirst3DfilmproducedinIndia,MyDear
Kuttichathan(1984),wasmadeinMalayalam.[12]ThefirstCinemaScopefilmproducedinMalayalamwas
ThacholiAmbu(1978).[13]
Duringtheearly1920stheMalayalamfilmindustrywasbasedinTrivandrum,althoughthefilmindustrystartedto
developandflourishonlybythelate1940s.LatertheindustryshiftedtoChennai(formerlyMadras),whichthen
wasthecapitaloftheSouthIndianfilmindustry.Bythelate1980s,theMalayalamfilmindustryreturnedand
establisheditselfinKerala[14]withamajorchunkoflocations,studios,productionandpostproductionfacilitiesin
KochiandTrivandrum.Severalmediasources[15][16]describeKochiasthehubofthefilmindustry,whileKerala
governmentpublications[17]statethatTrivandrumisthecenter.

Contents

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Contents
1 HistoryofMalayalamcinema
1.1 Origins(19071950)
1.2 1950s
1.3 1960s
1.4 1970s
1.5 1980s
1.6 1990s
1.7 2000s
1.8 2010s
2 Pioneeringfilmmakingtechniques
3 Notablepersonalities
3.1 Directors
4 Filmmusic
5 Landmarkfilms
6 KeralaStateFilmAwards
7 InternationalFilmFestivalofKerala
8 Filmstudios
9 Organisations
10 Seealso
11 References
12 Externallinks

HistoryofMalayalamcinema
ActiveMalayalamfilmproductiondidnottakeplaceuntilthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury:therewereonlytwo
silentfilms,andthreeMalayalamlanguagefilmsbefore1947.[18][19]WithsupportfromtheKeralastate
governmentproductionclimbedfromaround6ayearinthe1950s,to30ayearinthe1960s,40ayearinthe
1970s,to127filmsin1980.[18]

Origins(19071950)
ThefirstcinemahallinKerala,withamanuallyoperatedfilmprojector,wasopenedinThrissurbyJose
Kattookkaranin1907.In1913,thefirstpermanenttheatreinKeralawasestablishedinOllur,ThrissurcitybyJose
andwascalledtheJoseElectricalBioscope.[20][21][22]ThefirstfilmtobemadeinMalayalamwas
Vigathakumaran.Productionstartedin1928,anditwasreleasedinTrivandrumCapitolTheatreon23October
1930.ItwasproducedanddirectedbyJ.C.Daniel,abusinessmanwithnopriorfilmexperience,whoiscredited
asthefatherofMalayalamcinema.[23]Danielfoundedthefirstfilmstudio,TheTravancoreNationalPictures
Limited,inKerala.[23]Asecondfilm,MarthandaVarma,basedonanovelbyC.V.RamanPillai,wasproducedby
R.SundarRajin1933.However,afteronlybeingshownforfourdays,thefilmprintswereconfiscatedduetoa
legalbattleovercopyright.[23]
ThefirsttalkieinMalayalamwasBalan,[24]releasedin1938.ItwasdirectedbyS.Nottaniwithascreenplayand
songswrittenbyMuthukulamRaghavanPillai.ItwasproducedatChennai(thenMadras)intheneighbouringstate
ofTamilNadu.BalanwasfollowedbyGnanambikain1940whichwasdirectedbyS.Notani.ThencamePrahlada
in1941directedbyK.SubramoniamofMadrasandfeaturingGuruGopinathandThankamaniGopinath.Until
1947MalayalamfilmsweremadebyTamilproducers.ArtistP.J.Cherian[25]wasthefirstMalayaliproducerto
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ventureintothisfieldandthetrendthenchanged.HeProducedNirmalain1948withJosephCherian,BabyJoseph
hissonanddaughterinlawintheleadrolesasheroandheroineandmanyotherfamilymembersinotherroles
breakingthetaboothatnoblefamilypeopledonottakeupacting.Thus'Nirmala'becamethefirstfilmproduced
byaMalayalisettingmanyfirstsforintroducingplaybacksinging,cinemawithasocialthemewheretheentire
familycouldsittogetherandwatchit.ArtistP.J.Cherianwasthefirstcinemaproducertoexplorethepossibilityof
musicandsongsincinemaandthusbecamethepioneertointroduceplaybacksingingincinema.Thelyricsof
thefilmpennedbythelegendaryMalayalampoetG.SankaraKurupbecamesopopularthatsongdancesequences
becameessentialingredientsofMalayalamcinema.Vellinakshatram(1949)wasthefirstmovietobemadein
KeralaandittookshapeattheUdayaStudiosatAlleppey.

1950s
Malayalamcinemahasalwaystakenitsthemesfromrelevantsocialissuesandhasbeeninterwovenwithmaterial
fromliterature,drama,andpoliticssinceitsinception.Onesuchfilm,JeevithaNouka(1951),wasamusicaldrama
whichspokeabouttheproblemsinajointfamily.
In1954,thefilmNeelakuyilcapturednationalinterestbywinningthePresident'ssilvermedal[1](http://iffi.nic.in/
Dff2011/Frm2ndNFAAward.aspx).ScriptedbythewellknownMalayalamnovelistUroob,anddirectedbyP.
BhaskaranandRamuKariat.AnothernotableproductionwasNewspaperBoy(1955)[2](http://www.imdb.com/titl
e/tt0253310/),whichcontainedelementsofItalianneorealism.Thisfilmisnotableastheproductofagroupof
amateurcollegefilmmakers.Ittoldthestoryofaprintingpressemployeeandhisfamilybeingstrickenwith
extremepoverty[3](http://www.metromatinee.com/history/?value=1954_1955).Themusictookaturnawayfrom
thetrendofcopyingTamilandHindisong.ThepoetsTirunainaarkurichyMadhavanNairThirunaiyarkurichy,P.
Bhaskaran,O.N.V.Kurup,V.R.Varmaroseupinthisperiodasfilmlyricists.BrotherLakshmanan,
Dakshinamurthy,K.Raghavan,G.Devarajan,M.S.Baburaj,PukhentheyVelappanNairetc.startedadistinctstyle
Malayalammusic.KamukaraPurushotaman,Mehboob,KozhikodeAbdulKader,AMRaja,P.B.Sreenivas,K.P.
Udayabhanu,SanthaP.Nair,P.Leela,S.Janaki,PSusheela,B.Vasantha,Renuka,Jikkietc.werethemost
prominentsingersfromthe50s.ThedramaartistandschoolteacherMuthukulamRaghavanPillailentmanyofhis
skillstocinemainthisperiod.

1960s
RamuKariat,oneofthedirectorsofNeelakkuyil(theotherwasP.Bhaskaran),wentontobecomeasuccessful
directorinthe1960sand1970s.P.Bhaskarandirectedmanyacclaimedandhitfilmsinthe1960sand70s.The
cameramanofNeelakkuyil,A.Vincent,alsobecameanoteddirectorofthe1960sand1970s.Notablefilmsofthis
decadeincludeOdayilNinnu,BhargaviNilayam(1964),Chemmeen(1965),Murappennu(1965)andIruttinte
Athmavu(1966).TheeraofcolourfilmscametoMalayalamcinemawithitsfirstcolourfilm,KandamBachaCoat
(1961).Chemmeen(1965),directedbyRamuKariatandbasedonastorybyThakazhiSivasankaraPillai,wenton
tobecomeimmenselypopular,andbecamethefirstMalayalamfilmtowintheNationalFilmAwardforBest
FeatureFilm.Mostofthefilmsofthe60swereanimatedbythenationalistandsocialistprojects,andcentredon
issuesrelatingtocasteandclassexploitation,thefightagainstobscurantistbeliefs,thedegenerationofthefeudal
class,andthebreakupofthejointfamilysystem.[26]In1960sM.KrishnanNair,KunchackoandP.Subramaniam
weretheleadingmalayaleeproducers.ThikkurusiSukumaranNair,PremNazir,Sathyan,Madhu,AdoorBhasi,
Bahadur,S.P.Pillai,K.P.Ummer,KottarakaraSreedharanNair,Raghavan,G.K.Pillai,Muthukulam,Joseprakash,
ParavurBharatan,Muthayya,Shankaradi,Govindankutty,K.R.Vijaya,Padmini,Ragini,Sharada,Sheela,Ambika,
Jayabharathi,ArumulaPonnamma,KavyiorPonamma,Lalitha,Pankajavalli,AdoorBhavani,Prema,Meenaand
Sadahnawerethemorepopularactorsactiveinthisperiod.
Duringthe1950s,1960sand1970s,KunchackomadesignificantcontributionstoMalayalamcinema,bothasa
producerandasdirectorofsomenotableMalayalammovies.HestartedUdayaStudiosinAlleppey(Alappuzha)in
1947,reducingthetraveltoMadras(Chennai)forfilmcrewandactors.ThisboostedMalayalamfilmproduction
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inKerala.Manydirectorssprangupinthisperiod,P.N.Menonmade'rosy'andlater'Chemparanthi',thenG.
AravindanandAdoorGopalakrishnantoostartedworkin1960stobecomefamouslater.

1970s
The70ssawtheemergenceofanewwaveofcinemainMalayalam.Thegrowth
ofthefilmsocietymovementinKeralaintroducedtheworksoftheFrenchand
ItalianNewWavedirectorstothediscerningMalayalifilmenthusiasts.Adoor
Gopalakrishnan'sfirstfilm,Swayamvaram(1972),broughtMalayalamcinemato
theinternationalfilmarena.In1973M.T.VasudevanNair,whowasbythen
recognisedasanimportantauthorinMalayalam,directedhisfirstfilm
Nirmalyam,whichwontheNationalFilmAwardforBestFeatureFilm.G.
AravindanfollowedAdoor'sleadwithhisUttarayanamin1974.K.P.Kumaran's
Adhithi(1974)wasanotherfilmwhichwasacclaimedbythecritics.
CinematographerswhowontheNationalAwardfortheirworkonMalayalam
filmsinthe1970swereMankadaRaviVarmaforSwayamvaram(1972),P.S.
NivasforMohiniyattam(1977),andShajiN.KarunforThampu(1979).John
Abraham,K.R.Mohanan,K.G.George,andG.S.Panikkarwereproductsofthe
PuneFilmInstitutewhomadesignificantcontributions.

AdoorGopalakrishnanisone
ofthepioneersofIndian
parallelcinema

Duringthelate1970s,someyoungartistsstartedseeingMalayalamcinemaasa
mediumofexpressionandthoughtofitasatooltorevitalisesociety.Anoteddirector,Aravindanwasfamousin
Keralaasacartoonistbeforehestartedmakingfilms.HisimportantmoviesincludeKanchanaSita(1977),
Thampu(1978),Kummatty(1979),Chidambaram(1985),Oridathu(1986),andVasthuhara(1990).1970salso
sawtheemergenceofanotabledirectorP.G.ViswambharanwithhisdebutfilmOzhukinethireandmythicalfilm
SathyavanSavithrifromthesamedirector,whichwaswellaccepted.Also,commercialcinemainthisperiodsaw
severalworkerclassthemedfilmswhichmostlyhadM.G.SomanandSukumaranintheleadfollowedbythe
emergenceofanewgenreofpureactionthemedfilms,inamovementledbyactionstarJayanwhoisusually
consideredthefirstgenuinecommercialsuperstarofMalayalamcinema.Butthiswasshortlived,andalmost
endedwithJayan'suntimelydeathwhileperformingastuntinafilmcalledKolilakkam(1980).

1980s
TheMalayalamcinemaofthisperiodwascharacterisedbydetailedscreenplaysdealingwitheverydaylifewitha
lucidnarrationofplotinterminglingwithhumourandmelancholy.Thiswasaidedbythecinematographyand
lighting.Thefilmshadwarmbackgroundmusic.
In1981FazildirectedManjilVirinjaPookal.AdoorGopalakrishnanmadeElippathayamin1981.Thismoviewon
theBritishFilmInstituteaward.
K.G.GeorgereleasedfilmsincludingYavanikaandAdaminteVaariyellu.Thiswastheperiodduringwhichscript
writerM.T.VasudevanNairstartedteamingupwithdirectorHariharantoproduceworkslikePanchagni,
Nakhakshathangal,AranyakamandOruVadakkanVeeragatha.
JohnAbrahamfilmssuchasAmmaAriyaanaddressedpeople'sissuesandraisedthefinancedirectlyfrompeople.
Thedecadealsosawsignificantnumberofmovieswithfemalecharactersbecomingimportantorevencentral.
TheperiodhadmovieswithhumourfromdirectorslikePriyadarshan,SathyanAnthikkad,KamalandSiddique
Lal.Piravi(1989)byShajiN.KarunwasthefirstMalayalamfilmtowintheCamrad'OrMentionattheCannes
FilmFestival.[5]

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1990s
SomeexamplesareMathilukal(1990)directedbyAdoorGopalakrishnan,Kattu
Kuthira(1990)directedbyP.G.Viswambharan,Amaram(1991)directedby
Bharathan,Ulladakkam(1992)directedbyKamal,Kilukkam(1991)directedby
Priyadarshan,Kamaladalam(1992)bySibiMalayil,Vidheyan(1993)byAdoor
Gopalakrishnan,Devaasuram(1993)byI.V.Sasi,Manichithrathazhu(1993)by
Fazil,PonthanMada(1993)byT.V.Chandran,Spadikam(1995)byBhadran,
TheKing(1995)byShajiKailas,Hitler(1996)bySiddiqueandDesadanam
(1997)byJayaraaj.
Swaham(1994),directedbyShajiN.Karun,wasthefirstMalayalamfilmentry
forthecompetitionintheCannesInternationalFilmFestival,whereitwasa
nomineeforthePalmed'Or.MuraliNair'sMaranaSimhasanamlaterwonthe
Camrad'Oratthe1999CannesFilmFestival.[4]Guru(1997)directedbyRajiv
AnchalwaschosenasIndia'sofficialentrytotheOscarstobeconsideredfor
nominationintheBestForeignFilmcategoryforthatyear,makingitthefirst
filminMalayalamtobechosenforOscarnomination.

Padayottamreleasedin1982
wasthefirst70mmfilmin
India

2000s
Slapstickcomedywasthepredominantthemeinthefilmsofthisera.C.I.D.Moosa(2003)byJohnyAntony,
MeesaMadhavan(2002)byLalJoseandKunjikoonan(2002)directedbySasiShankerareexamples.Sequelstoa
numberofsuccessfulfilmsweremade.Thereweresomemovieswhichwereexamplesofexemplaryfilmmaking
likeMeghamalhar,Madhuranombarakaattu,Nandanam,Perumazhakkalam,Kazhchaetc.In2008,Malayalam
movieartistscametogetherinamultistarfilmTwenty:20toraisefundsfortheAMMA.[27]

2010s
Afterseveralyearsofqualitydeterioration,Malayalamfilmssawthesignsofmassiveresurgencepost2010with
thereleaseofseveralexperimentalfilms(knownasNewGenerationFilms),[28]mostlyfromnewdirectors.
Newgenerationfilms(alsoknownasnewwavefilms)(2010present[29])isaMalayalamfilmmovement
developedintheearly2010s,characterisedbyfreshandunusualthemesandnewnarrativetechniques.[29][30]Films
ofthenewwavedifferfromconventionalthemesofthepasttwodecades(1990sand2000s)andintroduced
severalnewtrendstotheMalayalamindustry.[31]Whilethenewgenerationformatsandstylesaredeeply
influencedbyglobalandIndiantrends,theirthematicsarefirmlyrootedinMalayaleelifeandmindscapes.[32]The
newgenerationalsohelpedtheMalayalamfilmindustryregainitspastglory.[33]
SalimAhamed'sAdaminteMakanAbuwaschosenasIndia'sofficialentrytotheAcademyAwardstobe
consideredfornominationintheBestForeignFilmcategoryfortheyear2011.
ChristianBrothers(2011)wasreleasedworldwidewithatotalof310printson18March154centresinKerala
and90centresoutsideKeralaand80centresoverseasmakingitthewidestreleaseforaMalayalamfilmatthat
time.ThiswaslaterbrokenbyPeruchazhi(2014)whichreleasedin500screensworldwideon29August.[34]
Varsham(2014)becamethefirstMalayalamfilmtohaveasimultaneousreleaseacrosstheglobeon6
November.[35]Drishyam(2013)becamethefirstMalayalamfilmtocrossthe50croresmarkattheboxoffice.The
filmwascriticallyacclaimedandbecameremadeinfourlanguages.[36]Later,in2016,Pulimuruganbecamethe
firstMalayalamfilmtocrossthe100croresmarkattheboxoffice.
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Pioneeringfilmmakingtechniques
NewspaperBoy(1955),aneorealisticfilm,drewinspirationfromItalianneorealism.[13][37]Padayottam(1982)was
India'sfirstindigenouslyproduced70mmfilm,[38]whileMyDearKuttichathan(1984)wasIndia'sfirst3D
film.[12]O'Faby(1993)wasIndia'sfirstliveaction/animationhybridfilm.[39]
AmmaAriyan(1986)wasthefirstfilmmadeinIndiawithmoneycollectedfromthepublic.Itwasproducedby
OdessaCollective,foundedbythedirectorJohnAbrahamandfriends.Themoneywasraisedbycollecting
donationsandscreeningCharlieChaplin'sfilmTheKid.[40]
Moonnamathoral(2006)wasthefirstIndianfilmtobeshotanddistributedindigitalformat.[41]

Notablepersonalities
Directors
Malayalamcinema'sdirectorshaveincludedJ.C.Daniel,thedirectorandproducerofthefirstMalayalamfilm,
Vigathakumaran(1928).UnlikeotherIndianfilmsatthattime,mostofwhichwerefilmsbasedonthepuranas,he
chosetobasehisfilmonasocialtheme.[42]Thoughthefilmfailedcommercially,hepavedwayfortheMalayalam
filmindustryandiswidelyconsideredthefatherofMalayalamcinema.Tillthe1950s,Malayalamfilmdidn'tsee
manytalentedfilmdirectors.ThemilestonefilmNeelakkuyil(1954),directedbyRamuKaryatandP.Bhaskaran,
shedalotoflimelightoveritsdirectors.[37]RamuKaryatwentontobecomeacelebrateddirectorinthe1960sand
1970s.P.Bhaskaranalsodirectedafewacclaimedfilmsinthe1960s.ThecameramanofNeelakkuyil,A.Vincent,
alsobecameanoteddirectorofthe1960sand1970s.[43]Anothernoteddirectorofthe1950swasP.Ramadas,the
directoroftheneorealisticfilmNewspaperBoy(1955).
Inthe1970s,theMalayalamfilmindustrysawtheriseoffilmsocieties.Ittriggeredanewgenreoffilmsknownas
"parallelcinema".Themaindrivingforcesofthemovement,whogaveprioritytoseriouscinema,wereAdoor
GopalakrishnanandG.Aravindan.PeoplelikeJohnAbrahamandP.A.Backergaveanewdimensionto
Malayalamcinemathroughtheirpoliticalthemes.Thelater1970switnessedtheemergenceofanotherstreamof
Malayalamfilms,knownas"middlestreamcinema",whichseamlesslyintegratedtheseriousnessoftheparallel
cinemaandthepopularityofthemainstreamcinema.Mostofthefilmsbelongingtothisstreamweredirectedby
PNMenon,I.V.Sasi,P.G.Viswambharan,K.G.George,BharathanandPadmarajan.[44]
Inthe1980sandearly1990s,anewarrayofdirectorsjoinedthestalwartswhohadalreadymadeamarkinthe
industry.Thisperiodsawthenarrowingofthegapbetweenthedifferentstreamsoftheindustry.[37]Directorslike
K.G.George,Priyadarshan,I.V.Sasi,JohnAbraham,Fazil,Joshy,Bhadran,P.G.Viswambharan,Kamal,Sibi
Malayil,Hariharan,SathyanAnthikkad,K.MadhuandSiddiqueLalcontributedsignificantly.Thentherewere
extraordinaryscreenwriterslikeM.T.VasudevanNair,T.Damodaran,A.K.LohithadasandSreenivasanwhose
contributionswerealsocommendable.
The2000ssawadeclineinqualityofMalayalamfilms.ManydirectorswhoexcelledintheGoldenAgestruggled
asmanyoftheirfilmscontinuouslyfailedcriticallyandcommercially.Asaresult,thegapbetweenparallelcinema
(nowknownasartcinema)andmainstreamcinema(nowknownascommercialcinema)widened.The2000salso
sawacommercialfilmformulabeingcreatedinlinewithTamilandBollywoodfilms.DirectorslikeShajiKailas,
RafiMecartinandAnwarRasheeddirectedblockbusterswhichhadfewartisticmeritstoboastof.Despitethe
overalldecline,somedirectorsstoodapartandmadequalitycinema.ShajiN.Karun,LeninRajendran,Shyama

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PrasadandJayarajmadefilmsthatwonlaurels.NotabledirectorswhodebutedinthistimeincludeBlessy,Lal
Jose,R.Sharath,Renjith,RoshanAndrews,AmalNeerad,AashiqAbu,VineethSreenivasanandLijoJose
Pellissery.
Outofthe40NationalFilmAwardsforBestDirectorgivenawaytill2007,Malayalamdirectorshavereceived12.
ThedirectorswhohavewonincludeAdoorGopalakrishnan(1973,1985,1988,1990,2007),G.Aravindan(1978,
1979,1987),ShajiN.Karun(1989),T.V.Chandran(1994),Jayaraj(1998)andRajivnath(1999).Thereareseveral
recipientsoftheSpecialJuryAwardaswell:MankadaRaviVarma(1984),JohnAbraham(1987),ShajiN.Karun
(1995)andPradeepNair(2005).[45][46]

Filmmusic
Filmmusic,whichreferstoplaybacksinginginthecontextofIndianmusic,formsthemostimportantcanonof
popularmusicinIndia.ThefilmmusicofKeralainparticularisthemostpopularformofmusicinthestate.[47]
BeforeMalayalamcinemaandMalayalamfilmmusicdeveloped,theKeraliteseagerlyfollowedTamilandHindi
filmsongs,andthathabithasstayedwiththemtillnow.ThehistoryofMalayalamfilmsongsbeginswiththe1948
filmNirmalawhichwasproducedbyArtistP.J.Cherianwhointroducedplaybacksingingforthefirsttimeinthe
film.Thefilm'smusiccomposerwasP.S.Divakar,andthesongsweresungbyP.Leela,T.K.GovindaRao,
VasudevaKurup,C.K.Raghavan,SarojiniMenonandVimalaB.Varma,whoiscreditedasthefirstplayback
singerofMalayalamcinema.[48]
ThemaintrendintheearlyyearswastousethetuneofhitHindiorTamilsongsinMalayalamsongs.Thistrend
changedintheearly1950swiththearrivalofanumberofpoetsandmusicianstotheMalayalammusicscene.But
bythemidof1950s,MalayalamFilmMusicIndustrystartedfindingitsownidentityandthisreformationwasled
bythemusicdirectorsBrotherLaxmanan,G.Devarajan,V.Dakshinamurthy,M.S.BabuRajandK.Raghavan
alongwiththelyricistsVayalarRamaVarma,P.Bhaskaran,O.N.V.KurupandSreekumaranThampi.[49]Major
playbacksingersofthattimewereKamukaraPurushothaman,K.P.Udayabhanu,A.M.Raja,P.Leela,SanthaP.
Nair,P.Susheela,P.MadhuriandS.Janaki.Despitethat,thesesingersgothighpopularitythroughoutKeralaand
werepartoftheGoldenageofMalayalammusic(1960to1970).InthelateryearsmanynonMalayalislike
MannaDey,TalatMahmood,LataMangeshkar,AshaBhosle,HemalataandS.P.Balasubrahmanyamsangfor
Malayalamfilms.Thistrendwasalsofoundamongcomposerstoanextent,withfilmcomposersfromother
languagesincludingNaushadAli,UshaKhanna,M.B.Sreenivasan,BombayRavi,Shyam,BappiLahiri,
LaxmikantPyarelal,SalilChowdhury,Ilaiyaraaja,VishalBhardwajandA.R.Rahmanscoringmusicfor
Malayalamfilms.[49]ThiscanbeattributedtothefactthatfilmmusicinSouthIndiahadaparallelgrowthpattern
withsomanyinstancesofcrossindustrycontributions..Thelate1950sthroughmid1970scanbeconsideredas
thegoldenperiodofMalayalamfilmmusicinitsownidentity.Alongwiththeleadingmusicdirectors,likesofM.
B.Sreenivasan,M.K.Arjunan,PukezhentyVellappanNair,M.S.Viswanathan,A.T.Ummer,R.K.Shekhar,
SalilChoudhuryandlyricistslikeThirunainarKurichiMadhavanNair,MankombuGopalakrishnanand
BharanikkavuSivakumar,numerouseverlastingandsuperhitsongsweredeliveredtothemusiclovers.Thesoft
melodiousmusicandhighqualitylyricswerethehighlightsofthesesongs.
K.J.Yesudas,whodebutedin1961,virtuallyrevolutionisedtheMalayalamfilmmusicindustryandbecamethe
mostpopularMalayalamsingereveralongwithK.S.Chitra.Vayalar,G.DevarajanandYesudastrioalsomade
unforgettablesongsliketheearliertrioofKamukara,Tirunainaarkurichy&BrotherLaxmanan.Yesudasbecame
equallypopularwithclassicalmusicaudienceandpeoplewhopatronisedfilmmusic.[50]HealongwithP.
JayachandrangaveamajorfacelifttoMalayalamplaybacksinginginthe1960sand1970s.K.S.Chithra,who
debutedin1979.Bythemideighties,shebecamethemostsoughtafterfemalesingerinSouthIndia.

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ByLate1970s,thetrendsinmusicstartedchangingandmorerhythmorientedsongswithwesterntouchcamewith
thedominanceofmusicdirectorslikeShyam,K.J.Joy,JerryAmaldevetc.Thelyricistswereforcedtowritelyrics
accordingtothetuneinthesedaysandwereoftencriticizedforqualityissues.Butfrom197980,the
revolutionarymusicdirectorRaveendranalongwithJohnsonandM.G.Radhakrishnanleadthesecond
reformationofMalayalamfilmmusicbycreatingmelodiousandclassicalorientedmusicwiththesoulofculture
ofKerala.LyricistslikePoovachalKhader,KavalamNarayanaPanickerandBichuThirumalain1980sand
KaithapramDamodaranNamboothiri,GireeshPuthencheryin1990swerepartofthismusicalsuccess.
ContributionsfromKannurRajan,BombayRavi,S.P.Venkatesh,MohanSithara,Ouseppachan,Sharath,
Vidyadharan,RaghukumarandVidyasagarwerealsonotableinthisperiod.AlongwithK.J.YesudasandK.S.
ChitraandsingerslikeM.G.Sreekumar,G.VenugopalUnnimenonandSujathaMohanwerealsoactivethen.A
notableaspectinthelateryearswastheextensiveofclassicalcarnaticmusicinmanyfilmsongsofthe1980sand
1990s,classicalcarnaticmusicwasheavilyusedinfilmslikeChithram(1988),HisHighnessAbdullah(1990),
Bharatham(1991),Sargam(1992)andSopanam(1993).
Atpresent,themajorplayersinthesceneareyoungcomposerslikeRahulRaj,PrashantPillai,ShaanRahman,
Bijibal,GopiSundar,Alphonse,RajeshMurugesan,lyricistsRafeeqAhmed,VayalarSarathandAnil
Panachooran,andsingersVineethSreenivasan,VijayYesudas,ShwetaMohan,ManjariandJyotsna
Radhakrishnan,alongwithstalwartsinthefield.
YoungcomposerslikeRahulRajandPrashantPillaiarenotonlyknownfortheircatchytunes,butalsoknownfor
bringinginalotofelectronics,digitalsoundandavarietyofgenresinMalayalamfilmscoresandsongs.[51]
TheNationalAwardwinningmusiccomposersofMalayalamcinemaareJohnson(1994,1995),BombayRavi
(1995),Ouseppachan(2008),Ilaiyaraaja(2010),IssacThomasKottukapally(2011),[Bijibal](2012)and
M.jayachandran(2016).Till2009,the1995NationalAwardthatJohnsonreceivedforthefilmscoreofSukrutham
(1994)wastheonlyinstanceinthehistoryoftheawardinwhichtheawardeecomposedthefilmsoundtrackrather
thanitssongs.HesharedthatawardwithBombayRavi,whoreceivedtheawardforcomposingsongsforthesame
film.In2010and2011,awardsweregiventofilmscoreandbothwerewonbyMalayalamfilms:PazhassiRaja
(2010Score:Ilaiyaraaja)andAdaminteMakanAbu(2011Score:IssakThomasKottakapally).Ravindranalso
receivedaSpecialJuryAwardin1992forcomposingsongsforthefilmBharatham.Thelyricistswhohavewon
theNationalAwardareVayalarRamavarma(1973),O.N.V.Kurup(1989)andYusufAliKechery(2001).The
malesingerswhohavereceivedtheNationalAwardareK.J.Yesudas(1973,1974,1988,1992,1994),P.
Jayachandran(1986)andM.G.Sreekumar(1991,2000).YesudashaswontwomoreNationalAwardsforsinging
inHindi(1977)andTelugu(1983)films,whichmakeshimthepersonwhohaswonthemostNationalFilm
AwardsforBestMalePlaybackSingerwithsevenawards.ThefemalesingerswhohavewontheawardareS.
Janaki(1981)andK.S.Chithra(1987,1989).ChitrahadalsowontheawardforTamil(1986,1997,2005)and
Hindi(1998)filmsongs,whichmakesherthepersonwiththemostNationalFilmAwardsforBestFemale
PlaybackSingerwithsixawards.

Landmarkfilms

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Year

Title

Director

Notes

Ref.

1928 Vigathakumaran J.C.Daniel

FirstMalayalamfeaturefilm.

[52]

1933 Marthandavarma P.V.Rao

FirstcopyrightcaseinIndianfilmindustryaswellasliterature
publishingofKerala.

[53]

1938 Balan

S.Nottani

FirsttalkieinMalayalam.

[54]

1948 Nirmala

P.V.Krishna
Iyer

IntroducedplaybacksinginginMalayalamcinema.

[55]

1954 Neelakkuyil

P.Bhaskaran
RamuKaryat

ConsideredthefirstmaturefilminMalayalam.Thefilmexcelled [37]
indirection,screenplay,actingandmusic.

1961

KandamBacha
Coat

T.R.Sundaram Firstcolourfilm.

[56]

1964

Bhargavi
Nilayam

A.Vincent

Firsthorrorfilm.

[57]

1965 Chemmeen

RamuKaryat

FirstMalayalamaswellasSouthIndianfilmtowintheNational
[58]
FilmAwardforBestFeatureFilm.Andthefirstfilmto
participateinaninternationalfilmfestival.

1965 Murappennu

A.Vincent

Firstfilmtoshootoutdoors.

Iruttinte
1966
Athmavu

P.Bhaskaran

Notedforbeingthefirstseriousattemptatsensitivestorytelling.
[59]
ConsideredtobethemasterpieceworkofP.Bhaskaranand
PremNazir.

1967 Chithramela

T.S.Muthiah

Notedforbeingthefirstanthologyfilm.

1972 Swayamvaram

Pinoeered"newwavecinemamovement"inMalayalam.First
Adoor
MalayalamfilmtowintheNationalFilmAwardforBest
Gopalakrishnan
Direction.

[61]

1974 KanchanaSita

G.Aravindan

PinoeeredindependentfilmmakinginSouthIndia.

[62]

1978 ThacholiAmbu

Navodaya
Appachan

FirstCinemaScopefilminMalayalam.

[63]

1982 Padayottam

Jijo

Thefirst70mmfilminSouthIndia.

[64]

Jijo

First3DfilminIndia.

[12]

1984

MyDear
Kuttichathan

[59]

[60]

1986 AmmaAriyan

FirstMalayalamfilmproducedbycollectingfundfrompublic.
JohnAbraham TheonlySouthIndianfilmtofeatureinBritishFilmInstitute's
Top10IndianFilmslist.

1994 Swaham

ShajiN.Karun

ThefirstMalayalamFilmcompetedforPalmed'OrofCannes
FilmFestival.

[67]

1997 Guru

RajivAnchal

FirstMalayalamfilmtobesubmittedasIndia'sofficialentryto
theOscarstobeconsideredfornominationintheBestForeign
LanguageFilmcategoryfortheyear1997.

[68]

Vinayan

ThefilmgotentryintotheGuinnessBookofRecordsfor
castingthemostnumberofdwarvesinasinglefilmanditslead [69]
actorAjaykumarwonthesameforbeingtheshortestactorto
playtheleadinthehistoryofcinema.

2005

Athbhutha
Dweepu

2006 Moonnamathoral V.K.Prakash

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam_cinema

FirstMalayalamdigitalmovie,andfirsthighdefinition(HD)
cinematobedigitallydistributedtotheatresviasatellite.

[65][66]

[70]

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[71]

2009 PazhassiRaja

Hariharan

FirstMalayalamfilmtogetahomevideoreleaseinBluray
format.

2012 Grandmaster

B.
Unnikrishnan

FirstMalayalamfilmtoreleasewithsubtitles(English)in
outsideKerala,inotherthanfilmfestivalscreenings.

[72]

2013 Drishyam

JeethuJoseph

FirstMalayalamfilmtocross50crore(US$7.4million)gross
collectionfromtheatricalrevenue.

[36]

2015 Aalroopangal

C.V.
Premkumar

FirstMalayalamfilmtohaveareleasedirectlyintelevision.

[73]

2016 Pulimurugan

Vyshakh

FirstMalayalamfilmtogross100crore(US$15million),
opening"100croreclub"inMalayalamcinema.

[74]

KeralaStateFilmAwards
TheKeralaStateFilmAwards[75]aregiventomotionpicturesmadeintheMalayalamlanguage.Theawardshave
beenbestowedbyKeralaStateChalachitraAcademy[76]since1998onbehalfoftheDepartmentofCultural
AffairsoftheGovernmentofKerala.Theawardswerestartedintheyear1969.Theawardeesaredecidedbyan
independentjuryformedbytheacademyandtheDepartmentofCulturalAffairs.Thejuryusuallyconsistsof
personalitiesfromthefilmfield.Fortheawardsforliteratureoncinemaaseparatejuryisformed.Theacademy
annuallyinvitesfilmsfortheawardandthejuryanalysesthefilmsthataresubmittedbeforedecidingthewinners.
Theawardsintendstopromotefilmswithartisticvaluesandencourageartistesandtechnicians.

InternationalFilmFestivalofKerala
TheInternationalFilmFestivalofKerala(IFFK)isafilmfestivalheldannuallyinThiruvananthapuram,the
capitalcityofKerala.Thisfilmfestivalwasstartedin1996andisorganisedbyKeralaStateChalachitraAcademy
onbehalfoftheDepartmentofCulturalAffairsoftheStateGovernment.Thefestivalisheldin
November/DecembereveryyearandisacknowledgedasoneoftheleadingfilmfestivalsinIndia.[77]

Filmstudios
TheTravancoreNationalPictures[78]wasthefirstfilmstudioinKerala.ItwasestablishedbyJ.C.Danielin1926
inNagercoil,[79]whichwasthenapartofTravancore.ProducerdirectorKunchackoandfilmdistributorK.V.
KoshyestablishedUdayaStudiosinAlappuzhain1947.[80]ThestudioinfluencedthegradualshiftofMalayalam
filmindustryfromitsoriginalbaseofMadras,TamilNadutoKerala.In1951,P.Subramaniam[81]established
MerrylandStudioinNemom,Thiruvananthapuram.TheothermajorstudiosareSreekrishna(1952,Kulathoor),
Ajantha[82](1958,Keezhmadunowextinct),Chithralekha[83](1965,Aakkulam),UmaStudio[84](1975,
Vellakkadavu),Navodaya[85](1978,Thrikkakkara)andChithranjali[85](1980,Thiruvallam).

Organisations
TheAssociationofMalayalamMovieArtists(AMMA)[86]isanorganisationformedbyartistsofMalayalam
cinema.Itaimstoactagainstpiracy,tosafeguardtheinterestsofmemberactorsandactresses,andtoserveasa
commonforumtoraiseconcernsandaddressissues.TheactivitiesofAMMAincludeendowments,insurance

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schemes,andcommitteesonwagesandbenefitsonrevision,fundforresearch,pensions,educationloansfortheir
childrenetc.forthemembers.Theorganizationventuredintofilmproductionin2008withTwenty:20toraise
fundsforitsactivities.[87]
OrganizationssuchasKeralaFilmProducersAssociation,KeralaFilmDistributorsAssociation,KeralaCine
ExhibitorsFederationandKeralaFilmExhibitorsAssociationhavecoordinatedworkstoppages.[88]

Seealso
Listofcinemaoftheworld
ListofMalayalamfilms
K.R.NarayananNationalInstituteofVisualScienceandArts
Thetop10highestgrossingMalayalamfilms

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