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7-Chuong 4 PDF
7-Chuong 4 PDF
- 47 AVR s dng kin trc Harvard vi b nh v bus ring bit cho chng trnh
v d liu. B nh chng trnh c thc thi vi mt ng ng hai tng. Trong
khi mt lnh ang c thc thi th lnh tip theo c nhp vo b nh chng
trnh. Gii php ny cho php vc lnh c thc thi trong mi chu k xung nhp.
B nh chng trnh l b nh Flash lp trnh c.
Trong qu trnh gi ngt v chng trnh con, a ch tr v ca b m lnh
hay b m chng trnh PC c a vo ngn xp. Ngn xp c cp pht
trong b lu d liu SRAM nn kch thc ch b gii hn bi dung lng v
khng gian s dng ca b nh SRAM. Tt c chng trnh ca ngi dng
phi khi to con tr ngn xp SP (Stack Pointer) khi bt u chng trnh (trc
khi chng trnh con v ngt c thc thi). Con tr ngn xp 16 bit SP c truy
cp c/ghi trong khng gian vo/ra. B nh SRAM c th c truy cp d
dng thng qua 5 ch nh a ch c cung cp trong kin trc AVR.
Khi ngt mm do c cc thanh ghi iu khin trong khng gian vo ra v
mt bit cho php ngt ton cc trong thanh ghi trng thi. Mi ngt u c mt
vector ngt ring. Cc ngt c th t u tin tng ng vi th t vector ngt ca
chng, a ch ca vector ngt cng thp th th t u tin cng cao.
4.2.2. Cc thanh ghi a dng
Tt c cc b vi iu khin AVR u c 32 thanh ghi a nng. Mt s trong
cc thanh ghi ny cn c cc chc nng b xung. Tt c thanh ghi c t tn t
R0 n R31, tp thanh ghi c tch thnh hai phn, mi phn c 16 thanh ghi
nh s t R0 n R15 v R16 n R31. Tt c cc lnh thao tc trn cc thanh ghi
u c th truy cp trc tip v truy cp trong chu trnh n n tt c cc thanh
ghi, nhng c mt ngoi l l cc lnh SBCI, SUBI, CPI, ANDI v ORI cng nh
WI, cc lnh ny ch tc ng n cc thanh ghi t R16 n R31.
Cc thanh ghi R0 v R26 n R31 c cc chc nng b sung. Thanh ghi R0
c s dng trong cc lnh np b nh chng trnh LPM (Load Program
Memory), trong khi cc thanh ghi R26 n R31 c s dng lm cc thanh ghi
- 49 -
- 50 (bit6) trong thanh ghi MCUCR. Hnh sau minh ha chu trnh truy nhp m rng
vi mt trng thi ch b sung thm.
$07 ($27)
ADMUX
Thanh ghi trng thi iu khin ADC
$06 ($26)
ADCSR
Thanh ghi d liu ADC (HIGH)
$05 ($25)
ADCH
Thanh ghi d liu ADC (LOW)
$04 ($24)
ADCL
B bin i ADC c bin i qua 4 thanh ghi ADMUX, ADCSR,ADCH v
ADCR trong vng a ch vo ra. Bng thanh ghi 3DMUX, mt trong 8 knh c
la chn bin i tn hiu s. B bin i c th hot ng trong hai ch :
-
AT90S8535/4434
ADC0
PA0
ADC1
PA1
ADC2
PA2
ADC3
PA3
ADC4
PA4
ADC5
PA5
ADC6
PA6
ADC7
PA7
- 56 thanh ghi c lp bng mt lnh n trong mt chu k xung nhp. Kin trc t tc
x l nhanh gp 10 ln so vi vi iu khin CISC (Complex Instruction Set
Computer ) thng thng.
Atmega16 vi kin trc RISC c ch tiu cht lng cao v tiu th nng lng
t:
131 lnh hu ht c thc hin trong mt chu k xung nhp.
32x8 thanh ghi lm vic a nng.
Tc x l lnh ln n 16 triu lnh/giy tn s 16MHz.
B nh d liu v b nh chng trnh khng t mt d liu:
16K byte b nh Flash lp trnh c ngay trn h thng, c th ghi xo
10000 ln.
512 byte b nh EEFROM lp trnh c ngay trn h thng, c th ghi
xa 100000 ln.
1K byte b nh SRAM.
Kha bo mt phn mm lp trnh c.
Giao din ni tip SPI lp trnh ngay trn h thng.
Cc tnh nng ngoi vi:
Hai b m/ b nh thi 8 bit vi ch so snh v chia tn s tch bit.
Mt b nh thi 16 bit vi ch so snh, chia tn s tch bit v ch
bt mu (Capture Mode).
B m thi gian thc (RTC) vi b dao ng tch bit.
Bn knh PWM iu ch rng xung.
B bin i ADC bn trong 8 knh 10 bit.
B USART ni tip lp trnh c.
B nh thi Watchdog lp trnh c vi b dao ng trn chip.
B so snh Analog ngay trn chip.
Cc tnh nng vi iu khin c bit:
C mch power - on reset v c th reset bng phn mm.
Cc ngun ngt ngoi v trong.
- 59 GND : ni t
PORT A (PA0 PA7) : c nhiu chc nng:
- L ng vo tn hiu chuyn i A/D
- L cng vo ra 8 bit nu nh bin i A/D khng s dng, cc chn ca
Port A c cc in tr ni ln ngun dng. Port A c th cung cp
ngun in 20mA v iu khin trc tip led hin th.
- Khi cc chn Port A l cc li vo c t xung mc thp bn ngoi
chng s l ngun dng nu nh cc in tr ni ln ngun dng c
kch hot. Cc chn ny s trng thi tng tr cao khi tn hiu reset
mc tch cc hoc ngay c khi khng c tn hiu gi nhp.
PORT B (PB0 PB7)
- L cng vo ra 8 bit, c in tr ko ln bn trong, c th cung cp
dng in 20mA. Khi port B l port nhp vo (in put) v cc ng ra
mc thp (low) th port B ng vai tr l ngun dng nu cc in tr
ko ln c kch hot. Port B s trng thi tng tr cao khi vi iu
khin b reset hoc khi khng c dao ng.
PORT C (PC0 PC7)
- L cng vo ra theo hai hng 8 bit. Cc chn ca Port C c cc in tr
ni ln ngun dng. Ng ra port C c th cho dng 20mA i qua v
iu khin trc tip led hin th.
- Khi cc chn port C l cc li vo c t xung mc thp t bn ngoi,
chng s l ngun dng nu cc in tr ni ln ngun dng c kch
hot. cc chn ny s trng thi tng tr cao khi tn hiu reset mc
tch cc hoc ngay c khi khng c tn hiu gi nhp.
PORT D (PD0 PD7)
- L cng vo ra theo hai hng 8 bit. Cc chn ca Port D c cc in tr
ni ln ngun dng. Ng ra port D c th cho dng 20mA i qua v
iu khin trc tip led hin th. Khi cc chn port D l cc li vo c
t xung mc thp t bn ngoi, chng s l ngun dng nu cc in